Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher...

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Kelp Distribution and Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and Pacific Coasts of North and South America South America • Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging • Matt Edwards – San Diego State University • Jon Dykstra – MDA Federal Inc • Paul Dayton – Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Transcript of Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher...

Page 1: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North along the Pacific Coasts of North

and South Americaand South America

• Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging• Matt Edwards – San Diego State University• Jon Dykstra – MDA Federal Inc• Paul Dayton – Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Page 2: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Project ObjectivesProject Objectives

• Cost-effective method of mapping and visualizing kelp canopies on a global basis

• Link kelp distributions with physical factors such as temperature, nitrogen concentrations, wave climate, daylength & solar irradiance

• Discriminate localized anthropogenic changes in kelp bed distributions from climate related effects

Page 3: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Year 2000 ETM+ CoverageYear 2000 ETM+ Coverage

Page 4: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Data AvailabilityData Availability

ftp://samoa.gsfc.nasa.gov/landsat/kelp/

Page 5: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Original ETM+ ImageryOriginal ETM+ Imageryhttp://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi/kelp.plhttp://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi/kelp.pl

Page 6: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Visualization in Google EarthVisualization in Google Earth

Page 7: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

San Juan StationSan Juan Station

Page 8: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

San Juan Station - AerialSan Juan Station - Aerial

Page 9: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.
Page 10: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Macrocystis integrifoliaMacrocystis integrifolia

Page 11: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Macrocystis pyriferaMacrocystis pyrifera

Page 12: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

ETM+ - 49 haColor IR Photo - 39

ha

Macrocystis pyriferaMacrocystis pyrifera

Macrocystis integrifoliaMacrocystis integrifolia

Eisenia arboreaEisenia arborea

Page 13: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Kodiak Kodiak MacrocystisMacrocystis Population Population

Page 14: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Winter 2002 - FebruaryWinter 2002 - February

Page 15: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Summer/Fall 2002 - SeptemberSummer/Fall 2002 - September

Page 16: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Summer/Fall 2002 - SeptemberSummer/Fall 2002 - September

Page 17: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Winter 2002 - FebruaryWinter 2002 - February

Page 18: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Kodiak Island SST AnomaliesKodiak Island SST Anomalies

Page 19: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Irradiance / Nutrient Irradiance / Nutrient Relationship - Sitka Relationship - Sitka

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Page 20: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Solar IrradianceSolar IrradianceJune 1991June 1991

Kodiak – 182 W/m2 Sitka – 255 W/m2

GES DISC DAAC

NASA/GISS

Page 21: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Northern HemisphereNorthern HemisphereSouthern BoundarySouthern Boundary

• Baja California• Peru / Chile & Argentina• Namibia / South Africa• Australia – Tasmanian

population declines• Subantarctic Islands

– Kerguelen Island– Heard Island– South Georgia Island

J A S O N D J F M A M J

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Page 22: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Baja Nitrogen EnrichmentBaja Nitrogen Enrichment

(Ladah, 2003)

Page 23: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Nitrate - TemperatureNitrate - Temperature

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Average Southern California

Baja California periodic occurence CA UnderCurrent ?

Page 24: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Macrocystis pyriferaMacrocystis pyrifera

Macrocystis integrifoliaMacrocystis integrifolia

Eisenia cokeri Eisenia cokeri

= E. arborea ?= E. arborea ?

Islas DesventuradasIslas Desventuradas

Page 25: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Eisenia galapagensisEisenia galapagensis

Type - 1934Type - 1934

December 2004December 2004

Page 26: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Eisenia cokeri Eisenia cokeri Sechura Bay – 5.5Sechura Bay – 5.5oo S S

Page 27: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Summer 2002Summer 2002MarchMarch

Page 28: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.
Page 29: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Winter 2002Winter 2002JulyJuly

Page 30: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

SST - South Georgia IslandSST - South Georgia IslandApril 1998 October 1998

Page 31: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Summer 2002Summer 2002MarchMarch

Page 32: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

South Georgia SST AnomaliesSouth Georgia SST Anomalies

Page 33: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Subantarctic Subantarctic IslandsIslands

Kelp on islands north of Antarctic Convergence

with the exception of South Georgia Island

Page 34: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

SST Anomaly - Kerguelen & HeardSST Anomaly - Kerguelen & HeardApril 1998 October 1998

Heard Heard

Kerguelen Kerguelen

Page 35: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Heard Island SST AnomaliesHeard Island SST Anomalies

Page 36: Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University.

Take HomesTake Homes

• Google Earth is an ideal visualization tool for broad scale biodiversity data

• Northern range of Macrocystis in Alaska may be expanding

• Range of Eisenia galapagensis in Galapagos has contracted

• Northern range of Macrocystis in Peru has contracted

• Heard Island may be a useful habitat to look for climate change in the Southern Ocean


Coasts : Flooding Coasts / Causes and Consequences of Rising Sea Levels

Coasts : Flooding Coasts / Causes and Consequences of Rising Sea Levels

FAMILY & FRIENDS KELP TREE - cdnvideo.dolimg.comcdnvideo.dolimg.com/cdn_assets/ef0fb43ffae8cc0b5e... · FAMILY & FRIENDS . KELP TREE. Fill in the kelp tree and surrounding bubbles

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Kelp Forests!!!. What? The kelp forest is a forest, but it is not a forest of trees. It is made of seaweed called giant kelp. Only kelp plants with air.

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Victorian Coastal Hazard - Marine and coasts · 7.3.1 Soft sediment coasts 43 7.3.2 Rocky coasts 44 7.3.3 Artificially modified and engineered coasts 45 7.3.4 Climate change effects

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The kelp industry and its archaeologylahsoc.org.uk/journals/journal_2012/6 Kelp industry.pdfThe Scottish kelp industry and its archaeology Sue Hothersall, Rothesay In the 18th century

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Coasts in Crisis - University of Mississippi · Coasts in Crisis, Types of Coasts Types of Coasts Coasts are the dynamic junction of water, air, and land. Winds and waves, tides and

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COASTLINES SHORELINES How coasts are formed and the features found on coasts the features found on coasts.

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Primary Coasts Young coasts Terrestrial influences dominate Types –Land erosional coasts –Built out by land processes –Fault Coasts.

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Protection for Scotland’s kelp forests - SIFT · 2019-01-24 · protection of our coasts and the world will be a poorer place. We need to wake up to the destruction of these ecosystems

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Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) and Hydrographic ...€¦ · • Prediction 1: Kelp beds minimize fluctuations in surface and bottom temperature over time. • Prediction 2: Kelp

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Kelp Forest Zonation

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Lithosphere Coasts

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Appendix C - Marine and coasts - Marine and coasts

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Kelp/Brown Algae

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Kelp Forests!!!

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Tectonic Classification of Coasts Tectonic effects on coastal …fbuon/PGEOG_334/Lecture... · 2007-02-06 · 2. Trailing Edge Coasts Neo-trailing edge coasts Afro-trailing edge coasts

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Kelp top 10

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ASPE - Algex Kelp

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Radio Kelp b

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