Kelas 12 ipa 009 electrochemical cells electrolytic cells
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Transcript of Kelas 12 ipa 009 electrochemical cells electrolytic cells
![Page 1: Kelas 12 ipa 009 electrochemical cells electrolytic cells](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042422/588567ce1a28ab491b8b5b31/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Electrolytic Cells
Sel Elektrolisis
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•Sel Volta Reaksi redoks spontan digunakan sebagai sumber listrik
•Sel Elektrolisis Listrik digunakan untuk reaksi redoks spontan
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lawrencekok.blogspot.com
The differences between Voltaic Cell and Electrolytic Cell
Characteristis Voltaic Cell Electrolytic Cell Energy Change chemical energy electrical energy electrical energy chemical energy
Cathode and Anode cathode : (+) terminal
anode : (-) terminal
cathode : (-) terminal
anode : (+) terminal
Flow of Electrons electron flows from the negative
electrode (anode) to the positive
electrode (cathode)
electron flows from the positive
electrode (anode) to the negative
electrode (cathode)
Negative Terminal electrons are released cation receives electrons
Positive Terminal electrons are received anions release electrons
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Bentuk Sel Elektrolisis
•Sel bentuk lelehan
•Sel bentuk larutan (menggunakan elektroda inert)
•Sel bentuk larutan (menggunakan elektroda bereaksi)
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Sel Bentuk Lelehan
•Menggunakan elektroda inert (C(grafit), Pt, Au)
•Tidak ada pelarut air
•Hanya ada kation dan anion
kation (reduksi)
anion (oksidasi)
•Kation logam golongan utama dan transisi
•Anion ion yang mengandung O dan yang tidak mengandung O
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Contoh 1
Tulislah persamaan reaksi elektrolisis lelehan garam KCl dengan elektroda grafit !
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Katoda (C)
KCl(l) K+(l) + Cl-(l) x 2
: K+(l) + ē K(s) x 2
Anoda (C) : 2Cl-(l) Cl2(g) + 2ē
+
Katoda (C)
2KCl(l) 2K+(l) + 2Cl-(l)
: 2K+(l) + 2ē 2K(s)
Anoda (C) : 2Cl-(l) Cl2(g) + 2ē
2KCl(l) 2K(s) + Cl2(g)
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Contoh 2
Tulislah persamaan reaksi elektrolisis lelehan garam CuO dengan elektroda platina !
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Katoda (Pt)
CuO(l) Cu+2(l) + O-2(l) x 2
: Cu+2(l) + 2ē Cu(s) x 2
Anoda (Pt) : 2O-2(l) O2(g) + 4ē
+
Katoda (Pt)
2CuO(l) 2Cu+2(l) + 2O-2(l)
: 2Cu+2(l) + 4ē 2Cu(s)
Anoda (Pt) : 2O-2(l) O2(g) + 4ē
2CuO(l) 2Cu(s) + O2(g)
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Latihan !
Tulislah persamaan reaksi elektrolisis lelehan garam berikut:
1. NaBr dengan elektroda Pt
2. CaCl2 dengan elektroda C
3. K2O dengan elektroda C
4. KH dengan elektroda C
5. Fe2O3 dengan elektroda Pt
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Sel Bentuk larutan elektroda inert (C(grafit), Pt, Au)
•Karena larutan (terdapat air) maka pengaruh air harus diperhitungkan
•Reaksi pada katoda (reduksi)
1. logam utama dan transisi
2. logam utama (yg direduksi H2O)
2H2O(l) + 2ē 2OH-(aq) + H2(g)
3. logam transisi langsung direduksi
4. H+ [ 2H+(aq) + 2ē H2(g) ]
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•Reaksi pada anoda (oksidasi)
1. jika mengandung O yang dioksidasi H2O
2H2O(l) 4ē + 4H+(aq) + O2(g)
2.jika tidak mengandung O langsung dioksidasi
3.OH- [ 4OH-(aq) 2H2O(l) + O2(g) + 4ē ]
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Contoh 1
Tulislah persamaan reaksi elektrolisis larutan Ag2SO4 dengan elektroda platina !
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Katoda (Pt)
Ag2SO4(aq) 2Ag+(aq) + SO4-2(aq) x 2
: 2Ag+(aq) + 2ē 2Ag(s) x 2
Anoda (Pt) : 2H2O(l) 4ē + 4H+(aq) + O2(g)
K (Pt)
2Ag2SO4(aq) 4Ag+(aq) + 2SO4-2(aq)
: 4Ag+(aq) + 4ē 4Ag(s)
A (Pt) : 2H2O(l) 4ē + 4H+(aq) + O2(g)
2Ag2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) 2SO4-2(aq) 4Ag(s) + 4H+(aq) + O2(g)
+
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Contoh 2
Tulislah persamaan reaksi elektrolisis larutan NaCl dengan elektroda karbon !
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Katoda (C)
NaCl(aq) Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) x 2
: 2H2O(l) + 2ē 2OH-(aq) + H2(g)
Anoda (C) : 2Cl-(aq) Cl2(g) + 2ē
K(C)
2NaCl(aq) 2Na+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
: 2H2O(l) + 2ē 2OH-(aq) + H2(g)
A (C) : 2Cl-(aq) Cl2(g) + 2ē
2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) 2Na+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) + H2(g) + Cl2(g) +
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Latihan !
Tulislah persamaan reaksi elektrolisis larutan berikut:
1. CuSO4 dengan elektroda C
2. KNO3 dengan elektroda C
3. NiSO4 dengan elektroda Pt
4. CdSO4 dengan elektroda C
5. H2SO4 dengan elektroda Pt
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Sel Bentuk larutan elektroda bereaksi
•Elektrodanya (Cu, Ni, Zn, Ag, Fe, Pb, dll)
•Reaksi pada katoda
1. logam transisi langsung mengalami reduksi
2. logam utama (yg direduksi H2O)
2H2O(l) + 2ē 2OH-(aq) + H2(g)
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•Reaksi pada anoda
Anodanya/ elektrodanya yg langsung dioksidasi
Anionnya tidak usah diperhatikan
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Contoh 1
Tulislah persamaan reaksi elektrolisis larutan CuSO4 dengan elektroda perak !
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Katoda (Ag)
CuSO4(aq) Cu+2(aq) + SO4-2(aq)
: Cu+2(aq) + 2ē Cu(s)
Anoda (Ag) : Ag(s) Ag+(aq) + ē x 2
Katoda (Ag)
CuSO4(aq) Cu+2(aq) + SO4-2(aq)
: Cu+2(aq) + 2ē Cu(s)
Anoda (Ag) : 2Ag(s) 2Ag+(aq) + 2ē
CuSO4(aq) + 2Ag(s) SO4-2(aq) + Cu(s) + 2Ag+(aq)
+
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Contoh 2
Tulislah persamaan reaksi elektrolisis larutan KCl dengan elektroda nikel !
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K (Ni)
KCl(aq) K+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
: 2H2O(l) + 2ē 2OH-(aq) + H2(g)
A (Ni) : Ni(s) Ni+2(aq) + 2ē
KCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Ni(s) K+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + 2OH-(aq) + H2(g) + Ni+2(s) +
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Contoh 3
Tulislah persamaan reaksi elektrolisis larutan CaCl2 dengan elektroda katode Cu dan anode Pt !
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K (Cu)
CaCl2(aq) Ca+2(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
: 2H2O(l) + 2ē 2OH-(aq) + H2(g)
A (Pt) : 2Cl-(aq) Cl2(g) + 2ē
CaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l) Ca+2(aq) + 2OH-(aq) + H2(g) + Cl2(g)
Di anodanya yg dioksidasinya bukan Pt melainkan anionnya, karena
Pt inert
+
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Latihan !
Tulislah persamaan reaksi elektrolisis larutan berikut:
1. AgNO3 dengan elektroda Cu
2. NaCl dengan elektroda Fe
3. ZnSO4 dengan elektroda Pt di katoda dan Cu di anoda
4. PbSO4 dengan elektroda C di katoda dan Ni di anoda
5. HNO3 dengan elektroda Ag