Keith Wilson, Technical Project Manager, Global ….../3 PLC Communication for Plug-in Electric...
Transcript of Keith Wilson, Technical Project Manager, Global ….../3 PLC Communication for Plug-in Electric...
SAE Perspective on Electro-Mobility and Standardization
Keith Wilson, Technical Project Manager,
Global Ground Vehicle Standards, SAE International
SAE Perspective on Electro-Mobility and Standardization
Keith Wilson,
Technical Project Manager,
Global Ground Vehicle Standards
SAE International
SAE History
Today SAE is the largest
producer of consensus
based ground mobility
standards in the world.
Established in 1905
First President – Andrew Riker
First VP – Henry Ford
Initial Membership – 30 Engineers
1910 Baker Model
V Electric Victoria
2011 Chevrolet PHEV
Volt
SAE International Today
128,000 Members From Over 100 Nations
78 standards referenced in ISO standards27 standards referenced in UNECE regulations25 standards referenced in Global Technical Regula tions
40 standards referenced in Canadian regulations
111 standards referenced in US regulations 9 standards
referenced in Japan’s regulations
37 SAE standards referenced in
Australianstandards
Vehicle-2-Vehicle
New Era of MobilityConverging Technologies:
• Electric Smart Grid
• Electrified Automobile
• Connected/Autonomous Vehicle
Vehicle-2-Infrastructure
Vehicle-2-Devices
/sec
New Era of Mobility - Why now?
New Era of Mobility - Why Now?
Today’s “Green” Drive
World Energy Concerns
• Reduce oil dependence
Environmental Impacts
• Climate change, global warming and global change
Increase Energy Sustainability
• Developed from renewable resources
• Produced by cleaner, more-efficient technologies
• Used more efficiently and with greater conservation
Top 5Oil Consumption
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration
Challenges:
•Technology
•Governmental Regulations
•Consumer Needs
•New Infrastructures
The Future of Electrification - Successful Implementation
Is it going to work?Every time? All the time?
Government/Industry Research Project
Advanced Vehicle Testing and Evaluation -Infrastructure Test and Evaluation
Testing vehicle and infrastructure interface, operations, and reliability.•charger efficiency•vehicle to grid communication•bi-directional power flow•evaluation of advanced electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE)
SAE CRP project funding awarded by DOE to establish requirements, specifications, test procedures and certification processes to ensure the interoperability of PEV’s and PHEV’s and Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) for multiple suppliers.
SAE J2953 – “Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Interoperability with Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)”
Interoperability
Utilities
The Future of Electrification - Successful Implementation
Key Areas for Electric Vehicle Development
• Design Influences
• Technology Enablers
electric vehicles = zero emissions
This is where our industry shines
• Anti-lock Braking Systems
• Emission Control Systems
Design Influences
• Safety Systems (Passive, Functional & Active)
• Green Technology
SAE Electro-Mobility Ground Vehicle Standards
Development Activities
SAE International is a leading standards organization identified in the
NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid and "Interoperability
Standards to Support Plug-In Electric Vehicles."
Volunteer, consensus based
standards development process
•Total Committees: 580
•Total Committee Members:
8,064
•Total Standards Published :
10,077 (Ground Vehicle 2,081)
•Active Standards: 8,635
(Ground Vehicle 1,681)
•Standards In Development
/Review: 657
Vehicle Electrification
•EV, PHEV’s
•Batteries
•Smart Grid
•J1772™ Connector
Leading SDO in NIST Roadmap
for Smart Grid interoperability
•24 active committees
•774 committee members
•52 standards developed or in
process
Technology Enablers
1547 (Distributed energy
interconnection)
1547 (Distributed energy
interconnection)
J2847, J2836, J2293 –
communication & energy
transfer V2G/G2V
J2847, J2836, J2293 –
communication & energy
transfer V2G/G2V
Smart Energy 2.0Smart Energy 2.0
J1772 Electric Vehicle
Coupler, V2G, G2V
J1772 Electric Vehicle
Coupler, V2G, G2V
Batteries
J1798 Performance
J2929 Safety
J537 Storage
Batteries
J1798 Performance
J2929 Safety
J537 Storage
Simply Connecting?EV or PHEV require multitude of standards:•Physical connectors•Interfaces•Power levels•Battery standards•Energy exchange protocols•V2G communication protocols (between vehicles and the grid)
Technology Enablers
On Board Battery Charger
UL 2202. Conductive and
inductive charging system
equipment for recharging
the storage batteries of
electric vehicles
Charging inlet UL 2251. Plugs,
receptacles, vehicle inlets, and
connectors intended for conductive
connection systems, for use with
electric vehicles
Charging plug
SAE J1772™
UL 2231-1
Personnel Protection
Systems for EV Supply
Circuits
UL 2231-2
Protection Devices for
Use in Charging Systems
UL2594
Outline for
Investigation for EV
Supply Equipment
National Electrical Code
Article 625 – Electric
Vehicle Charging System
I – General
II – Wiring Methods
III – Equipment
Construction
IV – Control & Protection
V – EV Supply Equipment
Locations
J2929 EV and PHEV
propulsion Battery
System Safety Standard
(Safety Performance
Criteria)
System Approach to Safety
Technology Enablers
EV / PHEV Safety Standards
SAE J1766
EV/PHEV Crash Integrity Testing
IEC 61851 PEV Conductive
Charging System
SAE J2344
Guidelines for
Electric Vehicle
SafetySAE J2464
Electric Vehicle Battery Abuse
Testing
ISO 23273
Fuel Cell Vehicle
Safety
SAE J1772™PEV Conductive Charge Coupler
SAE J2380
Vibration Testing
of Electric
Vehicle Batteries
ISO 6469
EV SafetyIEC 62196
Industrial plugs and socket
outlets
Technology Enablers
EV / PHEV Charging Interface
SAE is leading the effort to define charging functionality
and standardize the connection hardware from EV to EVSE
SAE-J1772 Standard defines:
•Charging capacity & operating voltage by
“Level” –1, 2, 3
•Electrical safety & circuit protection of EVSE
•Physical properties of the connector
•EV to EVSE communications & charging
controls
Technology Enablers
Relevant Standards for the Charging Interface (Europe and US)
Connector
1
Communication
2
Charging topology
4
ISO/IEC 15118
IEC 61851-21
IEC 62196-1
Safety
3
IEC 60529
ISO 6469-3
SAEJ2931/1SAEJ2847/1
SAE J1766
SAE J2344
SAE J2929
SAE J2929
SAE J2578
SAE J2464
SAE J2380
IEC 62196-2
IEC 62196-3
IEC 61850
IEC 61851-1
IEC 60364-7-722
SAEJ1772
IEC 61851-24
IEC 61851-22
IEC 61851-23
ISO 17409
Courtesy of Initiative Charging Interface by Audi, BMW, Daimler, Porsche, VW (coordinated by Dr. Heiko Dörr,[email protected])
SAEJ2847/2
SAEJ2847/3
SAEJ2847/4
SAEJ2847/5
SAEJ2847/6
SAEJ2931/2
SAEJ2931/3
SAEJ2931/4
SAEJ2931/5
SAEJ2931/6
SAEJ2931/7
Technology Enablers
Regional Differences
• AC single phase - low &
moderate
• DC for high power fast
charge
• AC single phase - low
• AC 3 phase - moderate and high power
fast charge
• DC charge strategy - unclear
• AC single phase - low &
moderate
• DC for high power fast
charge
• AC single phase - low to
moderate
• DC for high power fast
charge
US connector:
•AC J1772™ for Lev1 and Lev2
•DC J1772™ Combo 1 (revision)
EU connector:
•AC single phase IEC 62196-2 "Type 1“
(J1772™)
•AC single/3 phase IEC 62196-2 "Type 2“
•AC single/3 phase IEC 62196-2 "Type 3“
•DC - IEC 62196-3 Combo 2
China connector:
•AC - Chinese unique version
•DC - Chinese unique version
•Korea connector:
•AC - J1772™
•DC CHaDeMo system with
unique DC coupler
Japan connector:
•AC J1772™
•DC ChaDeMo system and
coupler
• Not every country has the same
electrical system
• Charging needs differ for vehicle
type (PEV/PHEV)
• Charging needs differ for
charging locations
Not to scale
USA Europe China Japan
Technology Enablers
220-240V/50Hz
220-240V/60Hz
100-127V/60Hz
100-127V/50Hz
SAE Charging Configurations and Ratings Terminology
AC level 1
(SAE J1772™)
PEV includes on-board charger
120V, 1.4 kW @ 12 amp
120V, 1.9 kW @ 16 amp
Est. charge time:
PHEV: 7hrs (SOC* - 0% to full)
BEV: 17hrs (SOC – 20% to full)
*DC Level 1
(SAE J1772 proposed Combo)
EVSE includes an off-board
charger
200-450 V DC, up to 20 kW
(80 A)
Est. charge time (20 kW off-
board charger):
PHEV: 22 min. (SOC*
- 0% to 80%)
BEV: 1.2 hrs. (SOC –
20% to 100%)
AC level 2
(SAE J1772™)
PEV includes on-board charger (see below for
different types)
240 V, up to 19.2 kW (80 A)
Est. charge time for 3.3 kW on-board charger
PEV: 3 hrs (SOC* - 0% to full)
BEV: 7 hrs (SOC – 20% to full)
Est. charge time for 7 kW on-board charger
PEV: 1.5 hrs (SOC* - 0% to full)
BEV: 3.5 hrs (SOC – 20% to full)
Est. charge time for 20 kW on-board charger
PEV: 22 min. (SOC* - 0% to full)
BEV: 1.2 hrs (SOC – 20% to full)
*DC Level 2
(SAE J1772 proposed Combo)
EVSE includes an off-board
charger
200-450 V DC, up to 80 kW
(200 A)
Est. charge time (45 kW off-
board charger):
PHEV: 10 min. (SOC*
- 0% to 80%)
BEV: 20 min. (SOC –
20% to 80%)
*In development
Voltages are nominal configuration voltages, not coupler ratings
Rated Power is at nominal configuration operating voltage and coupler rated current
Ideal charge times assume 90% efficient chargers, 150W to 12V loads and no balancing of Traction Battery Pack
Next Generation – a Combo Connector
Photo courtesy of REMA North America
Technology Enablers
Recognizing the importance of a single international approach for DC fast charging, Audi,
BMW, Daimler, Ford, General Motors, Porsche and Volkswagen have agreed on the
combined charging system as an international standardized approach to charge electric
vehicles (EV) in Europe and the United States.
22
DC Combo Inlet DesignIntegration of AC and DC into a single inlet provid e high freedom for vehicle design. Mechanical dimensions of package highly op timized.
Combo 2 Inlet for EuropeCombo 1 Inlet for US
Scale 1:2Scale 1:2
Combo Connector based on Type 1 and Type 2 have been submitted to IEC in a single document
by Germany and US. Both Combo Connectors have identical package and fixation.
102
74
68
9419
Technology Enablers
Information_Package_V2.17
Charging Scenarios AC / DC Combined Charging System US
The Combo inlet serves as a universal plug for all relevant charging scenarios.
DC-high
Household socket
AC-1ph DC-low
Technology Enablers
SAE Communication Standards
* Published
Technology Enablers
SAE Communication Standards
SAE J2931 Scope
/1 Power Line Carrier Communications for Plug-in Electric Vehicles
/2 In-band Signaling Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles
/3 PLC Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles
/4 Broadband PLC Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles
/5 Telematics Smart Grid Communications between Customers,
Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEV), Energy Service Providers (ESP)
and Home Area Networks (HAN)
/6 Digital Communication for Wireless Charging Plug-in Electric
Vehicles
/7 Security for Plug-in Electric Vehicle Communications
Technology Enablers
• Vehicle OEMs will need to package different
charge receptacles and have different vehicle
controls
• Number of vehicle sheet metal openings will
be different for different regions
• Infrastructure cannot be shared
• Vehicle and infrastructure costs will be higher
- with no benefit to customers
Harmonization:
What if we don’t?
Technology Enablers
Technology Enablers
• The Battery Standards Committee leads the way in
standardization for batteries which will play a
predominate roll in transportation of the future
• It will take a concerted effort of science,
engineering, policy, testing and validation to assure
the battery systems of the transportation sector
meet performance, life and safety expectations of
the general consumer and first responders
• SAE seeks to work with other Standard
Development Organizations worldwide in
harmonizing global standards for bettering the
standards of living for generations to come.
SAE Vehicle Battery Standards Committee
Technology Enablers
Battery Standards Committee Scope
• The Committee is responsible for developing and maintaining SAE Standards, Recommended
Practices, and Information Reports related to the field of vehicle battery technology,
including both starter and traction batteries
• Standardization should cover all aspects of the cell, module, pack or vehicle for form-fit-
function, testing, validation, manufacturing, shipping, transportation, emergency response,
service, recovery and recycling through the value chain in society
• Particular emphasis is currently being placed on advanced Hybrid and Electric Vehicle
traction batteries
• Culmination of expertise within the battery industry
• Committee is specific to the energy storage needs of the automobile
Technology Enablers
Battery Standards Steering Committee• Started – Nov. 2009
• Spawned Steering Committee
– July 2011
• Current Membership
• >260 Representatives
• >150 companies
– OEM’s
– Suppliers
– Government
– Academia
• Specific Topics
– 16 Subcommittees
– Interaction
– Inter-related
Future Committees Under Consideration
• Aerospace Battery Committee
• Secondary Use Application Guidelines Committee
• Unified Battery Warranty Approach Committee
� Second Responders Committee
(Recently Formed under the SAE Hybrid Committee)
Technology Enablers
Magnetic coupling occurs when two objects exchange energy through their
varying or oscillating magnetic fields. Resonant coupling occurs when the natural
frequencies of two objects are approximately the same.
A Look into the Future – Now
Wireless Charging of EV’s & PHEV’s
Technology Enablers
SAE J2954 Standard in Development
• Inductive Charging Technologies
• Wireless Connection
• Power Transfer Communications
• Alignment
• Safety
• Smart Grid Interoperability /
Programmability
Who’s Involved?
• Auto and Commercial Vehicle OEM’s (11)
• Automotive Suppliers
• Organizations (laboratories, government
agencies, universities, SDO’s, power
companies)
SAE Standard will Define:
• Performance
• Safety
• Testing Methodologies
• Charge Levels
• Location
• Communications
Potential Charging Locations:
• Residential
• Public
• On-Road
• Static (parking lots, curb side)
• Dynamic (embedded in
roadway)
Wireless charging: Current Status
Technology Enablers
SAE ContactKeith Wilson
Technical Project Manager
SAE International – Global Ground Vehicle Standards
755 W. Big Beaver, Suite 1600
Troy, MI 48084-4903 USA
Office: 248.273.2470
email: [email protected]