Kayla Holleman Variability of Submarine Groundwater Discharge in Honokohau Harbor, Hawaii Kayla...
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Transcript of Kayla Holleman Variability of Submarine Groundwater Discharge in Honokohau Harbor, Hawaii Kayla...
Kayla Holleman
Variability of Submarine Groundwater Discharge in Honokohau Harbor, Hawaii
Kayla HollemanCraig Glenn
Henrieta Dulaiova
Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD)
Introduction Results ConclusionsMethods
SGD
Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD)
• SGD is the discharge of fluids of any composition
• SGD is a naturally occurring phenomenon
• SGD is temporally and spatially different
• Source of anthropogenic and naturally occurring nutrients
Introduction Results ConclusionsMethods
Conservative Tracers
Introduction Results ConclusionsMethods
• Discrete point source measurements• Salinity • Temperature
•Grab Samples • Specific Nutrients• Total Nutrients
Geochemical Tracers
Introduction Results ConclusionsMethods
Geochemical Tracers
Introduction Results Conclusions
• Collect water in cubies• Filter sample water
through manganese impregnated fibers
• Analyze fibers via RaDECC
• Apply 224Ra/223Ra to TW equation
Methods
Sample Coverage
A
A’
Vertical Profiles
Introduction Methods ConclusionsResults
A A’
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3505
101520253035404550
Dissolved Nutrient Characteristics
Introduction Results Conclusions
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350
50100150200250300350400450500
PO
43- (μ
M)
Si(
OH
) 4 (μM
)
NO
3- (μM
)
SalinitySalinity
Salinity
Methods
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Dissolved Nutrient Characteristics
Introduction Results Conclusions
PO
43- (μ
M)
Si(
OH
) 4 (μM
)
NO
3- (μM
)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
SalinitySalinity
Salinity
Methods
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
f(x) = − 1.81344858660512 x + 63.7362090488741R² = 0.98390576198514
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
f(x) = − 21.9978763295607 x + 773.176302828587R² = 0.993646159557476
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
f(x) = − 0.127091390665817 x + 4.68709201634845R² = 0.965409374473733
Dissolved Nutrient Characteristics
Introduction Results Conclusions
PO
43- (μ
M)
Si(
OH
) 4 (μM
)
NO
3- (μM
)
SalinitySalinity
Salinity
Methods
SGD Flux
Jun. 2010 Sept. 2010
Number 140 76
Rn (dpm/L) 19.2 15.9
Average Advection Plume (cm/d) 23 23
SGD Flux Plume (m3/d) 87.3 84.8
Average Advection (cm/d) 54 32
SGD Flux (m3/d) 202.3 118.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Residence Time
Introduction Results Conclusions
223Ra (dpm/m3)
223Ra (dpm/m3)
224 R
a (d
pm/m
3 )
224 R
a (d
pm/m
3 )
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Methods
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
f(x) = 4.6854171089841 xR² = 0.979887737541571
f(x) = 10.3146291200307 xR² = 0.983311378928376
Residence Time
Introduction Results Conclusions
223Ra (dpm/m3)
223Ra (dpm/m3)
224 R
a (d
pm/m
3 )
224 R
a (d
pm/m
3 )
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
f(x) = 10.3629751135003 xR² = 0.993304524013884
TwJUNE= <0.5 day
TwSEPTEMBER= 6.2-6.3 days
Methods
Conclusions
Introduction Results Conclusions
• The SGD flux within Honokohau Harbor plays a vital role in shaping the composition of the harbor water
• SGD in Honokohau Harbor occurs as a thin lens of brackish water floating on more dense salt water
• The nutrients within the harbor are enriched compared to the conservative mixing line demonstrated within the harbor
• The SGD flux experiences seasonal variability; thus, the residence time is seasonally variable
Methods