KATIA MILLER, KIM PAULL, & LIZ RAFFERTY

LIMITING UNHEALTHY

SNACKING

GOAL

• To limit unhealthy snacking to 2x per week

• Eg. of unhealthy snacking: o Low in nutritional contento High in sugaro Processed foods

WHAT WE LEARNED

What you are doing related to the goals and how you feel about the challenge?

• Doing:o Plan for predictable weak spots, pack healthy

snackso Acknowledge your positive choiceso Load up on water

• Feeling:o Enthusiasm on the first day and in the

morningso Energy to stave off cravings or try again after

lapsing waned throughout the day and by the end of the three days

WHAT WE LEARNED

What information you have•Nutritional information, calorie content

• The value of a healthy snack vs. an unhealthy snack

•Personal schedules

•Places near work or home to get a healthy snack

WHAT WE LEARNED

What information you would like to have that exists?

• This was a diffi cult question to answer and think about

• Need information that helps decide what is a healthy snack quickly

• Inexpensive healthy snack options

What information exists but doesn’t help you?

•We were all aware of what foods were truly bad, but not what foods were on-the-border and what their nutritional information was

•Tips on how to cook healthy snacks, which doesn't help me on the go or at work

•We were aware that drinking water was available but sometimes lacked the motivation to fi ll up

WHAT WE LEARNED

What information would you like to have that may not exist?• How to satisfy cravings in the face of offi ce

cakes and cookies (or find a healthy alternative)

• Nutritional information on foods served at a conference, a catered lunch, cafeterias

• Reminders to pack healthy snacks the night before

WHAT WE LEARNED

The perfect butler model – what is smart and/or personalized?

• Encouragement

• Someone to say no

• Little reminders

• Knows exactly what is available and tells you where to go to find your healthy snack

WHAT WE LEARNED

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE USE

Immediacy and access: Must be seamlessly built into existing routine (load quickly, be an intuitive answer to questions I may not know I have)

Multiple methods of input/output:

IN: Location-based service, ad-hoc queries, smart tracking

OUT: Clear choice instruction, encouragement, or feedback

Big data: Can pull from large nutrition-tracking databases and geographic data to locate healthy options

Predictive analytics: Based on past eating patterns, can predict "weak times" or "weak scenarios" and send encouragement, negative reinforcement, or alternatives

LIMITATIONS

• Target population is likely small because there are already dozens of calorie-counting apps that do this

• Population too busy to stay vigilant with an app used just for snacking

• Food databases used in health apps don't usually contain fresh options - makes it hard to keep track

THE APP

• It would hold nutritional and calorie content

• Tell you what foods fi ll you up quickly and make you stay full

• Would know your own habits

• Make it easy to choose the healthy snack

• Provide encouragement, reminders, and also tell you no

BEHAVIOR CHANGE

•For those that are motivated by positive reinforcement and social connection... the app has cheers and links to social media

•For those whose biggest impediment to healthy snacking is having to think about healthy snacking...the app tells you exactly where to go and what to eat, given your situation, options, and location

•For those who need an extra kick of motivation to drink water instead of a full-sugar soda...the app reminds you of the unhealthy cost of incremental bad choices

Health Goal: Eat 5 Servings of Fruits and Vegetables Daily

Toby, Joelle, Susan, Sami Mobile Health Design

June 3, 2013 Presentation

Daily Reflections

•What you are doing related to the goals and how you feel about it?

•What information do you have?

•What information you would like to have that exists?

•What information exists but doesn't help you?

•What information would you like to have that may not exist?

•The perfect butler model – what is smart and/or personalized?

What Did You Learn?

• Knowing the target audience matters o We are a specific audience with specific goals: need to

be clear on what those goals are

"What else can I add to my salad to make it more filling?"

"Is it better to have pineapple fresh or frozen? What about organic?"

"What are the most healthy, affordable menu options at nearby restaurants?"

• Importance of understanding what limits target population from achieving its goals o Access, convenience, cost versus nutrition information

• The benefit of self-monitoring

Consider the many factors that influence use of mobile devices: immediacy & access, affinity, multiple methods of input/output, context, and "big data" and predictive analytics

• Immediacy and Accesso increase convenience o obtain information at point of purchaseo receive positive feedback on the healthy behaviors

• Affinityo message board for people to share their ideaso visually-appealing display w/ photos of delicious, fresh

produce

Consider the many factors that influence use of mobile devices: immediacy & access, affinity, multiple methods of input/output, context, and "big data" and predictive analytics

• Multiple Methods of Input/Outputo comparisons between productso suggestions based on existing ingredientso inputting data at different points o personalized output based on input

• Contexto vary based on target population

• Big Data and Predictive Analyticso provide tailored suggestions for new foods/restaurants o provide food companies/restaurants with information on

food trends

What are the implications for the design of an app/device? Are there limitations based on cost, target population, technology or other factors?

Cost Limitations:• People generally don't like to pay for apps • Ads likely on free apps• Customization is more costly• Using data from pre-existing apps could lower design

costs

What are the implications for the design of an app/device? Are there limitations based on cost, target population, technology or other factors?

Target Population Limitations:• Need to strategically identify target population • Those with less healthy habits may be less likely to own

a smartphone in the first place• Different features for different audiences

What are the implications for the design of an app/device? Are there limitations based on cost, target population, technology or other factors?

• Technology Limitations: How smart can a smartphone be?

• Other Factors: Ease of use- need for quick measurements

What would the app or device be like...?

• "Dr. Tomato"?

"Daily Apple"?

"Five Jive"?

• Integrate features that class participants said were important in their favorite apps:o GPS functionality

o social/community connection

o reward systems

o tailored suggestions and feedback

What would the app or device be like...?

• GPS functionality

• social/community connection

• reward systems

• tailored suggestions and feedback

...and why do you believe it would change behavior?

• Immediate rewards are best for changing behavioro Coupons and discounts would become immediately available when

(new) desired behavior occurs

• People engage in healthier behaviors when their peers are also doing soo App's social and "community" functions

• Consumers like seamless integration, convenienceo Use of smartphone features and capabilities (GPS, camera)

• People like to save moneyo Suggested shopping list, recipes; coupons

Sleep Hygiene

Ways to improve sleep through the use of a mobile app

Hubert Park, Joan Storey, Analicia Villanueva

What we defined as a good night’s sleep

• Usually 7-9 of sleep per night• Feel refreshed when awake in the morning• Minimal (or no) interruptions

Barriers to adequate, continuous sleep

• Busy work schedule (e.g. long hours; shifts)• No separate work space vs. sleep space• Sleep interruptions – age, anxiety, nature calls,

hot flash, headaches, noise, light, emergency, pets, children, neighbors

• Electronic devices and late-night work habits

Information we have

• Lost sleep hours are not recovered by sleeping the same additional number of hours the next night

• People of lower socioeconomic status show poorer sleep patterns (reasons?)

• Obesity is related to obstructive sleep apnea• Many use sleep aids or Rx drugs to sleep (e.g.

Melatonin, Ambien, Ativan, Klonopin, Tylenol PM, Rivotril)

• Sleep affects mental/physical health (e.g. assoc with cardiac events)

What we want

• An online log to notice patterns and find ways to improve

• Social network to discuss similar issues with others and help identify individual barriers to good sleep

• Instructions for how to sleep better• Device that will take body temp and measures

REM sleep or eye movements

What we want (cont’d)

• What about if you sleep too much?• What if I get I sleep enough hours, but don’t

feel rested or energized?

Our individual experiences with sleep

• Sometimes need meds to fall asleep (e.g. Rivotril)• Cannot afford (?) to sleep 8 hours during the week• Late-night activities – news, TV, phone calls, staying on electronic devices• Hot (now) or cold (before) temps in the room• Classical music helps relax• Waking up from anxiety• Massage to help relax would be nice• Pets and kids wake us up – upset about intrusions on sleep• Hot flashes• Wonder how much sleep I actually need versus think I need• Guilty taking a nap during the day, and it also doesn’t really help with

feeling tired

Our individual experiences with sleep• Exercise – to help me fall asleep at night and also waken me up during the

day – but a hassle to get myself to exercise. Need a pep talk/friend to help me exercise

• Adequate length of a nap? 30 min? 1hr?• Would a “better” mattress help?• Waiting at night for daughter to come home• Desire a sleep diary that will help me track patterns that helped or hurt my

sleep, but too cumbersome• A lot of info in my brain about my own sleeping needs and habits but no

easy way to capture the info• It was nice getting in touch with someone else to find similar habits,

attitudes, and life experiences• Helper in life to take care of chores to alleviate anxiety would be nice.• Target audiences: specific illnesses, women over 45, M/F over 60, young

professionals, kids, adolescents, babies, M/F over 70 THE AUDIENCE AND NEED IS BIG!

What we think might help

• Knowledge of physical/mental impact of short sleep• Reminder to go to sleep• Music to help fall asleep• Has to be supported with scientific evidence• Is there enough info to create an app?• Is it worth it? ($$$?)• Sponsorship with sleeping products• A blog/forum to share info and promote the app• Need a marketing study to know if people really needs this

app• If they need it, let’s go for it!

Sleep app?

• Need scientific evidence and social support/acceptance

• Need to define a target population (e.g. medical residents versus retirees)

• Need to determine most common barriers and be able to individually cater ways to overcome

• Could be sold at mattress stores, spas, etc.• Promote positive outcomes such as increased

productivity, better mood, increased sexuality, more energy to work out

Answers to Lisa’s Questions

• Questions lead to these answers after intearcting between our teammates.

• We learnt about ourselves and of others, discussing, writing and sharing; and even found common ideas and similar feelings and experiences.

• Joan researched existing articles; we didn’t researched existing apps.

• Tracking fits with sleep hygiene, as part of it; we’ll need to add some other variables.

Next Steps

• Decide if we want to work on this theme to create a sleeping app or sleeping track device