OnchocerciasisKatherine Swift Ph.D Student

Walden UniversityPUBH-8165-3

Instructor Dr. Raymond ThronSpring, 2009

River Blindness

(Worldbank,2002)

Map of the region

Africa 30 countries

Senegal

Malawi

Latin America

Yemen

(Worldbank,2002)

Life cycle of Onchocerca volvulus

(WHO,2009)

The black fly vector

Simulium black fly

Microfilariae220 – 360 µm in

length

(WHO,2009)

The Human Host

The female and male worms entwine

Female worm lengths range from 30 to 80

cms

Male length ranges from

3 to 5 cm

The female will release 1000 microfilariae

(WHO,2009)

DiagnosisSkin snipsBlood samplesEye examinations

(WHO/TDR,2003)

Microfilaia Cutaneous Tissues

Imaging Studies

(WHO/TDR,2003)

Vision Loss

(Who/TDR,2003)

Onchodermatitis

DepigmentationSubcutaneous nodulesLichenified dermatitisChronic papular dermatitisLymphadenopathyAtrophy of skinOnchocercomata

WHO/TDR,2003)

Vector Elimination

(Who,2009)

TreatmentIvermectin (Mectizan®).

WHO/TDR,2003)

The Carter Center

Special permission granted from The CarterCenter/Emily Straub Foundation

Newer Therapeutic Strategies

Wolbachia Species

Doxycycline

(WHO/TDR,2003)

(WHO/APOC,2007)

Global Partnerships to Eliminate Riverblindness

Global Partnerships and Program

APOC

OCP

The African Program for Riverblindness Control

(WHO/TDR,2003)

(WHO/APOC, 2007)

Community Distributed Treatment with Ivermectin

(COMDT)

COMDT

(WHO/APOC,2007)

Future Work

(WHO/APOC,2007)

Thank-you

ReferencesThe Carter Center. The global 2000 river blindness. River Blindness News. 1999; 11:1-8

Eezzuduemhoi, D. R., & Wilson, D. (2008). Onchocerciasis. Retrieved April 5, 2009, from eMedicine Ophthalmology Web site: http:/ / emedicine.medscape.com/ article/ 1204593

Kazdins-Helds, J. K., Remme, J. H. F., & Boakye, B. (2003). Focus: Onchocerciasis. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 1(3), 178-180. doi:10.1038/ nrmicro779

Sinha, S., Schwartz, R. A., & Kapilia, R. (2006). Onchocerciasis. Retrieved April 5, 2009, from eMedicine Infectious Diseases Web site: http:/ / emedicine.medscape.com/ article/ 224309

ReferencesWHO. (2009). Life-cycle of Onchocerca volvulus. Retrieved April 11, 2009, from African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) Web site: http:/ / www.who.int/ apoc/ onchocerciasis/ lifecycle/ en/ print.html

WHO. (2009). Vector elimination. Retrieved March 13, 2009, from African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) Web site: http:/ / www.who.int/ apoc/ vector/ en

WHO. (n.d.). APOC African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control. In Partners Meeting Report (JAF12.10, p. 37). Retrieved April 12, 2009, from www.who.int/ entity/ apoc/ publications/ yaounde_report_2006/ en/ index.html

WHO/ APOC. (2007). African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control Revitalizing health care delivery in sub-Saharan Africa (first ed., Vol. 1) [Brochure]. Retrieved April 19, 2009, from WHO Web site: http:/ / www.who.int/ apoc/ publications/ cdti_healthsystems/ en/ index.html

ReferencesWHO/ TDR. (2003, November 28). TDR Image Library. Retrieved April 12, 2009, from TDR fro research on diseases and poverty Web site: http:/ / apps.who.int/ tdr/ publications/ tdr-image-library

Worldbank. (2002). Global Partnership to Eliminate River blindness. Retrieved April 11, 2009, from Africa Program for Onchocerciasis Control Web site: http:/ / www.worldbank.org/ afr/ gper