KarolínaKarolína ChmelařováChmelařová

Who were the Who were the Normans?Normans?

originally Vikings from Scandinaviaoriginally Vikings from Scandinavia

10th century – were given some 10th century – were given some land in the North of France by the land in the North of France by the king Charles the Simple so that they would stop attacking Franceking Charles the Simple so that they would stop attacking France

the land became known as Northmannia, later shortened to the land became known as Northmannia, later shortened to Normandy –Normandy –>> name of the tribe name of the tribe

soon they were no longer Viking pagans as they adopted soon they were no longer Viking pagans as they adopted Christianity and the Gallo-Romance languageChristianity and the Gallo-Romance language

played major political, military and cultural role in Medieval Europeplayed major political, military and cultural role in Medieval Europe

Conquerors…Conquerors…

1030 - conquered 1030 - conquered Southern ItalySouthern Italy

1066 - under the 1066 - under the leadership of Duke leadership of Duke William II of William II of Normandy, they Normandy, they conquered England conquered England and replaced Anglo-and replaced Anglo-Saxons as the ruling Saxons as the ruling classclass

Normans buildingsNormans buildings

1. Ely Cathedral1. Ely Cathedral 2. Pevensey Castle2. Pevensey Castle 3. Remains of Battle Abbey3. Remains of Battle Abbey 4. Falaise Castle4. Falaise Castle

Normans expressively remarked British countryside – there are many monuments preserved till today…

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William the Conqueror William the Conqueror 1066 – 1087 AD1066 – 1087 AD

Early lifeEarly life

born in 1027 or 1028 in Falaise, Normandyborn in 1027 or 1028 in Falaise, Normandy

illegimate and only son of Robert I, the sixth Duke of Normandy illegimate and only son of Robert I, the sixth Duke of Normandy and Herleva, a tanner´s daughterand Herleva, a tanner´s daughter

1035 – his fater died – William was recognised as the heir1035 – his fater died – William was recognised as the heir

because of his extramarital origin, he was called “Bastard“ and because of his extramarital origin, he was called “Bastard“ and had to face many plots towards himhad to face many plots towards him

at he age of 15 – knighted by French king Henry I, who also at he age of 15 – knighted by French king Henry I, who also become his protektorbecome his protektor

from 1047 succesfully deals with rebellions inside Normandyfrom 1047 succesfully deals with rebellions inside Normandy

Early lifeEarly life

1053 married Mathilda, daughter 1053 married Mathilda, daughter of the Earl of Flandersof the Earl of Flanders

They had 4 sons and 6 daughtersThey had 4 sons and 6 daughters

became very experienced and became very experienced and ruthless military commander, ruler ruthless military commander, ruler and administratorand administrator

described as remarkably tall, described as remarkably tall, muscular, but later little fat and muscular, but later little fat and bald in frontbald in front

had two half brothers and a sisterhad two half brothers and a sister

British conquestBritish conquest

1051 his distant cousin Edward the Confessor 1051 his distant cousin Edward the Confessor promised him the British thronepromised him the British throne

X 1066 Harold Godwinson was crowned X 1066 Harold Godwinson was crowned King of EnglandKing of England

William prepares the invasion for 7 months: 600 ships, 7,000 menWilliam prepares the invasion for 7 months: 600 ships, 7,000 men

King of Norway attacks England King of Norway attacks England

Sept 25 Harold´s army defeated him at the Battle of Stamford Sept 25 Harold´s army defeated him at the Battle of Stamford BridgeBridge

Sept 28 – William landed in Pevensey BaySept 28 – William landed in Pevensey Bay

moved to Hastings, built a fortificationmoved to Hastings, built a fortification

British ConquestBritish Conquest

Oct 13 Battle of Hastings – Oct 13 Battle of Hastings – defeat of the English army defeat of the English army exhausted after previous exhausted after previous fightsfights

Harold died – arrow shot into Harold died – arrow shot into his eyehis eye

William marched to London – William marched to London – make it surrendermake it surrender

Dec 25 – William crowned Dec 25 – William crowned King of England in King of England in Westminster AbbeyWestminster Abbey

William´s ruleWilliam´s rule stern, commanded great stern, commanded great respectrespect

introduced continental introduced continental European feudalism European feudalism

built a strong centralized built a strong centralized administration staffed with his administration staffed with his Norman supporters Norman supporters

distributed land to his trusted distributed land to his trusted Norman baronsNorman barons

introduced taxation – people introduced taxation – people pay for the upkeep of the pay for the upkeep of the churchchurch

introduced the act of introduced the act of beheadingbeheading

End of William´s lifeEnd of William´s life

Sept 9, 1087 died at the age of 59 in Sept 9, 1087 died at the age of 59 in FranceFrance

celebrated the victory over invading celebrated the victory over invading French garrisonFrench garrison

fell off a horse – severe woundsfell off a horse – severe wounds

buried in the church of St. Stephen in buried in the church of St. Stephen in Caen, NormandyCaen, Normandy

his funeral was disturbed by a fire his funeral was disturbed by a fire spread in the townspread in the town

during forcing him into coffin, his during forcing him into coffin, his swollen body bursted…swollen body bursted…

SourcesSources

http://home.nycap.rr.com/useless/william_the_conqueror/indexhttp://home.nycap.rr.com/useless/william_the_conqueror/index.html.html

http://www.historyonthenet.com/Chronology/timelinewilliami.hthttp://www.historyonthenet.com/Chronology/timelinewilliami.htmm

http://www.http://www.historyonthenethistoryonthenet..comcom//NormansNormans//whowerewhowere..htmhtm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normans http://www.http://www.bbcbbc.co..co.ukuk//historyhistory//historichistoric__figuresfigures//williamwilliam_i__i_kingking..

shtmlshtml http://www.http://www.britanniabritannia..comcom//historyhistory John Cannon: The Oxford Companion to British History John Cannon: The Oxford Companion to British History Winston S. Churchill: Dějiny anglicky mluvících národůWinston S. Churchill: Dějiny anglicky mluvících národů

That´s all…That´s all…

Thank you for Thank you for your attention.your attention.

Have a nice Have a nice day!day!