KARI MARTINSENPhilosophy of CareGregory S. Wiggins

NURSING BACKGROUND

EDUCATION 1964 RN 1966 Psychiatric RN 1968 Bachelors in Philosophy 1974 Masters in Philosophy 1984 Doctorate in Philosophy

MARTIN HEIDEGGERGerman Phenomenologist

Investigated Existential being

Useful to Martinsen because Caring was the Central Concept in his Thought

OOPS!Heideggers role as a Nazi sympathizer during WW II became public knowledge. Martinsen decided that she needed a new philosopher to base her caring philosophy on.

KNUD EILER LOGSTRUPDanish philosopher and theologian Filled the gap left by Heidegger Major Contribution: Sovereign Life Utterances

KARL MARXCriticized individualism and the satisfaction of the needs of the rich at the expense of the poor.

Martinsen applied this philosophy to care saying, those who need care the most receive the least thus calling attention to flaws in the health care system.

EDMUND HUSSERLPhenomenology as the Natural Attitude Contribution: The body cannot be divided into body and soul; it is a wholeness that relates to other bodies, to things in the world, and to nature.

MERLEAU-PONTYOur bodies and those of our patients express themselves through actions, attitudes, words, tone of voice, and gestures. Phenomenology involves acts of interpretation, description, and recognition of lived life, the everyday life that people live together with others in a mutual natural world, including the professional contexts in which caring is performed

KARI MARTINSENNursing is founded on caring for life, on neighborly love, . . . At the same time it is necessary that the nurse is professionally educated

MAIN IDEAS People are created dependent and relational The person is fundamentally dependent upon community and the creation To the created belong the sovereign life utterances Sovereign life utterances are phenomena that create life and release lifes possibilities The body is created as a whole in which body and spirit enter into a benevolent interaction, and which sensing cannot be avoided Sensuous and experience-based knowledge is the most fundamental and essential for the practice of nursing

PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS (ASSUMPTIONS) Care Professional Judgment Morality Untouchable Zone Vocation The Eye of the Heart

Person-Oriented Professionalism The Registering Eye Sovereign Life Utterances

METAPARADIGM Nursing Person Health Environment

EVALUATION: HOW DOES MARTINSENS PHILOSOPHY MEASURE UP?

EVALUATION Clarity Generalizable World View Use Guiding Nursing Decisions, Actions, and Practice

STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES

APPLICATION It is impossible to do nursing without caring Nurses act through the philosophy of care, even if they dont know that it was explained by or credited to Kari Martinsen Martinsens Philosophy is: The Philosophy of Care

References Alligood, M. R., & Tomey, A. M. (2010). Nursing theorists and their work (7th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby. Austgard, K. (2006, January). The aesthetic experience of nursing. Nursing Philosphy, 7(1), 11-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1466769X.2006.00242.x Austgard, K. I. (2008). What characterises nursing care? A hermeneutical philosphical inquiry. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 22, 314-319. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2007.00526.x Jensen, J. B. (2011, September). Working with arts in nurse education. Designs for Learning, 1(1), 34-43. Martinsen, E. H. (2011, March). Care for nurses only? Medicine and the perceiving eye. Health Care Analysis, 19(1), 15-27. doi: 10.1007/s10728-010-0161-9 Rick, D. (2004). Nursing fundamentals Caring & clinical decision making. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning.

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