Kari Laasonen - Tanja Kallio - Maarit Karppinen - Pertti Kauranen - Energy Storage - Smart Energy...
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Transcript of Kari Laasonen - Tanja Kallio - Maarit Karppinen - Pertti Kauranen - Energy Storage - Smart Energy...
![Page 1: Kari Laasonen - Tanja Kallio - Maarit Karppinen - Pertti Kauranen - Energy Storage - Smart Energy Transition - Annual Seminar - 15.2.2017 - Aalto University](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042604/58b88b011a28ab3e3a8b47f5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Energy Storage
Kari Laasonen*, Tanja Kallio, Maarit Karppinen, Pertti Kauranen
Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University,
Finland
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There are several needs for energy storage
https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/TechnologyRoadmapEnergystorage.pdf
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Most of the energy storage technologies are not mature
These include Flow battery and Hydrogen
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At the moment the pumped hydroelectric is really used. (Not very
relevant to Finland)
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Batteries• Li-ion batteries are getting cheaper due to mass production (Tesla
GigaFactory)
• Chemistry is quite ready. In Aalto new development for the anode materials.
• The Li-ion batteries are still expensive but
• This could drive down the cost of electric cars that use Tesla's battery
technology such as the Toyota RAV4 EV and Tesla Model X which
announced for 2014 to $190/kWh by 2016.
• 2014 manufacturers were already offering battery packs with a cost of
about $300/kWh
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Flow Batteries
– Huge batteries where the energy is stored to a metal solution
– Convenient for large scale storage (storage capacity 25 Wh/kg)
– Often vanadium ions (vanadium is expensive)
– In Aalto we investigate Cu ion Flow battery
– The cost estimation of this battery is 200$/kWh in early state and even
100$/kWh at large scale production state
– The organic aqueous flow battery is expected to cost 180$/kWh once the
technology is fully developed (http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201501449)
A 1 MW, 4 MW·h (14 GJ) UniEnergy Technologies
Energy Storage system (Uni.System) owned by Avista
Utilities and installed in Pullman Washington in April
2015.
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Costs
Estimate at 2016
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Hydrogen
• Fuel cells exist – They are expensive, due to the Pt as catalyst
– High energy density, fast to refuel, high pressure gas require complex infra structure
– In Aalto we have developed new non-Pt catalyst for fuel cells. Motivation: The present Fuel cell require ca. 0.5 g Pt per kW, or 50 g Pt per 100 kW vehicle. At present, around 200 tons of Pt are produced each year. So using current technology, only 4 million cars could be produced.
– About 1/3 of the Fuel cell cost comes from the Pt
– Their mass production has not started.
– The next generation FC’s may be ready at 2030
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Fe-Carbon based Hydrogen catalyst developed in Aalto
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• Most of the energy storage methods are still expensive (should be 90 -160
$/MWh)
• This target is probably realistic with todays ideas – they need to be made
as products
• We need energy storage if we want to increase the solar and wind energy.
• Germany set a new record on May 11. 2014, by getting nearly three quarters of its electricity from
renewable sources during a midday peak. Nonetheless, Craig Morris says the resulting negative
prices are both good news and bad news
• The so-called spot price of electricity in Texas fell toward zero, hit zero, and then went negative
for several hours. (Sept. 2015)
• There will be more and more “free” energy which need to be stored.
• May be the storage cost will be the major cost of energy in future.
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Questions?