Karg Food From Medieval Gardens

7/31/2019 Karg Food From Medieval Gardens

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5karg - food from the gardens in northern europe

FoodFromthegardensin northern europe

archaeobotanicalandwrittenrecordsdatedto

themedievalperiodandearlymoderntimes

voedseluit noordeuropesetuinen archeobotanischeengeschreven

bronnenuitde middeleeuwenen vroegmodernetijd

Sabine Karg

The National Museum of Denmark and Copenhagen UniversityNy Vestergade 11, DK-1471 Copenhagen and

Njalsgade 80, DK-2300 [email protected]

Abstract

T c c W K, c c.Sc , c , c cc Bc S, w c. T c c q

w cc cx. T q cc c c

. W w c c; , .. V A? D cc c - - c ?

Samenvatting

D w W K, -cc. B w , c c- , c z Oz. Z Mw V .

Introduction

S cc xc c c . T -c cc x c w w c x.

I N E w c c c- c 5 cc xc AD 5- (F. , . ). M 5 c c, w N G, N P, D, E, Sw, F, Nw,

w c (K (.) ). W w-

c w cc c w c-c c.


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6 of plants and snails

Country site type locality dating to

Reference century AD

Northern Germany

Alsleben 2007 urban Oldenburg 13 -17

urban Bremen 13 -16/18

urban Braunschweig 13 -16

urban Einbeck 14

urban Gttingen 13 -16

urban Hann. Mnden 16 -18

urban Hildesheim 17/18

urban Hxter 13/14

urban Lneburg 14 +16/17

urban Northeim 16

urban Schleswig 13

urban Kiel 13 -17

urban Lbeck 13 -17

urban Mlln 16/17

urban Rostock 13/14 +16/17

urban Stralsund 13 -18

urban Greifswald 13 +14/15

urban Pasewalk 13

Northern Poland

Lataowa et al. 2007 urban Kolberg 13-15/16

urban Danzig 13-18

urban Elbing 13-14

Estonia

Sillasoo & Hiie 2007 urban Tallinn (Reval) 13-17

urban, castle Tartu, Uue-Kastre 13/14-17/18

urban Prnu (Pernau) 13-17

urban Viljandi (Fellin) 13-17/18

Finland

Lempiinen 2007 urban Helsinki 15-18

urban Hmeenlinna 11-14

urban Porvoo 16-17

urban Tammisaari 17-19

urban Turku 13-19

castle Kaarina 14-16castle Turku, Castle 15-18

castle Kkisalmi Castle 12-14

rural Lahti 15-18

rural Lieto 13-14

rural Naantali,Mannerheiminkatu

15-17

rural Perni 14-15

rural Pori 11-18

rural Vesilahti 15-18

monastery Naantali, ConventChurch 13-16

monastery Valamo Island 11-18


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karg - food from the gardens in northern europe

Country site type locality dating to

Sweden

Viklund 2007 urban Uppsala 13-15

urban Sigtuna 10-13

urban Stockholm

urban Norrkping 12-17

urban Sderkping

Denmark

Karg 2007 urban, monastery Odense 13-17

urban, church Roskilde 12-15

urban Copenhagen 11-19

urban Helsingr 16-18

urban Hillerd 16-18

urban Holbk 13-15

urban Nstved 12-19

urban Sakskbing 17-18

urban Svendborg 13-16

urban lborg 13-15

urban Halmsted 12-18

urban Landskrona 15-16

urban Lund 12-19

urban Trelleborg 14-18

urban Visby 12-18

castle, urban Horsens 12-16

castle Taasinge 17-18

castle Tnder 13-16

ship Gedesby 13-14

ship Kolding 12

rural Amager, Trnby Torv 11-17

rural Herstedster 13-15

rural Lolland, Arninge,Hollens

12-14

rural Mors, Skarreborg 12-13

rural Ilstorp 13-14

rural Malm 17-18

monastery Ribe 12-15

monastery Sor 13-17

monastery m 13-16

monastery Dalby 12-14

Norway

Hjelle 2007 urban Trondheim 13-18

urban Bergen 13-18

urban Oslo 13-18

Table 1

List of the archaeological sites with botanical nds

from Northern Europe(compiled by the author)

Lijst met archeologische vindplaatsen in

Noord-Europa


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of plants and snails

Fig. 1

Map showing the locations with archaeobotanical

nds dated to the medieval period and early modern

times

Design B. Helle, Bergen University, Norway

Kaart met de plaatsen met archeobotanische vond-

sten daterend tot de Middeleeuwen en vroegmo-

derne tijd

Latin name English Name Northern

Germany

Northern

Poland

Estonia

Finland

Sweden

Denmark

Norway

Fruits

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry

Cerasus avium Sweet Cherry

Cerasus vulgaris Sour Cherry

Cornus mas Cornelian Cherry

Crataegus laevigata Common Hawthorn

Cydonia oblonga Quince

Empetrum nigrum Black Crowberry

Ficus carica Fig

Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry

Malus domestica Apple

Malus sp. Apple

Malus sylvestris Wild Apple

Mespilus germanica Medlar

Morus alba White Mulberry

Morus nigra Black Mulberry


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Latin name English Name Northern

Germany

Northern

Poland

Estonia

Finland

Sweden

Denmark

Norway

Morus sp. Mulberry

Physalis alkekengi Strawberry Tomato

Prunus domestica Plum

Prunus insititia Bullace

Prunus padus European Bird Berry

Prunus persica Peach

Prunus spinosa Sloe

Prunus sp. Sloe/Cherry

Pyrus communis Pear

Pyrus sp. Pear

Ribes nigrum Black Currant

Ribes rubrum Red Currant

Ribes sp. Currant

Ribes uva-crispa Gooseberry

Rosa canina Rose

Rosa sp. Dog Rose

Rubus caesius European Dewberry

Rubus chamaemorus Cloudberry

Rubus ruticosus Bramble

Rubus idaeus Raspberry

Rubus saxatilis Stone Bramble

Rubus sp. Bramble/Raspberry

Sambucus nigra Common Elder

Sorbus aucuparia Rowan

Sorbus domestica Service Tree

Sorbus torminalis Wild Service Tree

Vaccinium myrtillus Bilberry

Vaccinium oxycoccus Cranberry

Vaccinium sp. Bilberry/Cranberry

Vaccinium uliginosum Bog Bilberry

Vaccinium vitis-idaea Cowberry

Vitis viniera (incl. subsp.sylvestris Vitis sp.)

Grape Wine

Nuts

Castanea sativa Spanish Chestnut

Corylus avellana Hazel

Juglans regia Walnut

Prunus dulcis Almond

Table 2

Fruit and nuts from archaeological sites dated to

the medieval period and early modern times (12th

-17th century AD) from seven dierent countries(compiled by the author). Nomenclature after

Erhardt et al. 2000

Vruchten en noten van archeologische vindplaatsen

gedateerd in de Middeleeuwen en vroegmoderne

tijd (12e-17e eeuw AD) uit zeven verschillendelanden


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Project design

I c c cc w c , cx wc w , w c , . C cc ? W cx ? W w-

? I HANSA-c w c w w (K ). I c c w c.

Fruits and nuts

A c x c N E (T. ). T c -c c c w cc . U w, w c . S

c, c , c - Sc. B c , w (K, . ). F w c w w c D cc w w x 6 c(B 99). I c cc Nc c- M A (K . ). F w - (S H , . 6) , c c (Lw . , .6). O xc, c w . T w c c w xc xc . W cc

c c(F. ). B w w, c c Nw (H , . ), D (K , . ).O w cc w , c (V, . ). W c c z w q cc. D cc w z (K

. , . ).

Herbs and spices

Acc c c c c c cc w . T cc-c w xc - c. I NG, N P E - c (A

Fig. 2

Henbane seed from the

Viking Age site of Fyrkat,

Jutland, Denmark

SEM-photograph M. Tauber

and S. Karg, The National

Museum of Denmarkbar= 1 mm

Bilzenkruidzaad uit de

Vikingnederzeing Fyrkat,

Jutland, Denemarken

maatstreepje= 1 mm


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; Lw . ; S H ). T c cc c. W c cc c. T , c E. O w Fc, w D AD . T c w R L

C, xc w V (99). O c c, c , , c , w w . T c x w, w c x (T ). T w xc c xc c. Acc - cc .

Fig. 3

Map showing the number of archaeobotanical

records of cultivated and collected fruits and nuts

dated to the 13th and 16th century in Northern

Europe. The red column represents a summary of

all the imported plant records (herbs, spices, fruits,

and nuts)

Design B. Helle and K. Hjelle, Bergen University,Norway

Kaart met het aantal archeobotanische vermeldin-

gen van gecultiveerde en verzamelde vruchten en

noten met een datering in de 13e en 16e eeuw in

Noord Europa. De rode kolom geeft een overzicht

van alle vermeldingen van gemporteerde planten

(kruiden, specerijen, vruchten en noten)


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O w c w cc .M c c c c q cccc c, c x Sw G. T w xc

w c . T c V A (K G ). O c w

w , w w (K ).H x V A, . A cc w c w cc c F J, D (H 9). T w c x w (Pz . 9). S, c D (F. ). D c N cc- qc c (T. ). A N E, c .

Herbs and Spices (incl. Ergot)

Latin Name English Name Northern

Germany

Northern

Poland

Estonia

Finland

Sweden

Denmark

Norway

Aethusa cynapium Fool`s Parsley

Aramomum melegueta Grains of Paradise

Anethum graveolens Dill

Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica

Apium graveolens Celery

Artemisia absinthium Absinthe

Atropa belladonna Deadly NightshadeBetonica ofcinalis Betony

Brassica nigra Black Mustard

Capsicum annuum Hot Pepper

Carum carvi Caraway

Chelidonium majus Greater Celandine

Claviceps purpurea Ergot

Coriandrum sativum Coriander

Elettaria cardamomum Cardamom

Elettaria major Sri Lanka Cardamom

Filipendula ulmaria Meadow Sweet

Foeniculum vulgare Fennel

Humulus lupulus Hop

Hyoscyamus niger Henbane

Hypericum peroratum Perforate St John`s Wort

Hyssopus ofcinalis Hyssop

Juniperus communis Juniper

Laurus nobilis Laurel

Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort

Levisticum ofcinale Lovage

Myrica gale Sweet Gale


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Conclusions

T w c w c . T Hc L , c c, N. T , c w , c c cc c.Cw c c c Nw (H , . 6).

P c cc Hc Lc (H-Kw ), cc cx c c , c . T c w c ww xc c cc .

Recipe for Wim from King Valdemar`s cookbook: the oldest cookbook of Europe

De salso ualente ad tres dies et non amplius

T , c , , x w . T c c .

Table 3

Herbs and spices from archaeological sites dated to

the medieval period and early modern times (12th-

17th century AD) from seven dierent countries

(compiled by the author). Nomenclature after

Erhardt et al. 2000

Kruiden en specerijen van archeologische vind-

plaatsen gedateerd in de Middeleeuwen en vroeg-

moderne tijd (12e-17e eeuw AD) uit zeven verschil-

lende landen

Herbs and Spices (incl. Ergot)

Latin Name English Name Northern

Germany

Northern

Poland

Estonia

Finland

Sweden

Denmark

Norway

Myristica ragrans Nutmeg, Mace

Nepeta cataria Catmint

Nigella sativa Black Cumin

Origanum vulgare Wild Marjoram

Petroselinum crispum Parsley

Pimenta dioica Allspice

Piper nigrum Black Pepper

Rosmarinus ofcinalis Rosemary

Ruta graveolens Rue

Satureja hortensis Savory

Sinapis alba White Mustard

Thymus serpyllum Wild Thyme

Thymus sp. Thyme

Valeriana ofcinalis Common Valerian

Valeriana sp. Valerian

Verbena ofcinalis Vervain


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References

A A () F c Hc w G. I: K S (.) MF T N E. Pc N M. S

Ac & H (K ), -

B V (99) F F. D E. R B, T

E W, Gz E, B N, S S () Z. Hwc Pz.U, S

H-Kw R () D H. Bc, Mc

H H (9) T F . A c cc . I: O O,Sc H () F. E . II. B . D K NO, C

H K () F c c Nw.I: K S (.) M F T N E. Pc NM. S Ac & H (K ), 6-9

K S (.) () M F T N E. Pc NM. S Ac & H (K )

K S () T HANSA Nw Pc. Ic c. I: K S (.) M FT N E. Pc N M. S Ac& H (K ), 9-

K S () L : cc c D M A . I: K S (.) M F T NE. Pc N M. S Ac & H (K ), -59

K S () D Nzz M N. Acc I, , 9-.

K S, A A, B M, H K, H S, J J, w-Mzc J, Lw M,L T, V K () S . I: K S (.) MF T N E. Pc N M. S

Ac & H (K ), -9

K S, A A, B M, H KL, H S, J J, w-Mzc J, Lw M,L T, V K () A c-c c M A Bc - c,

c w cc ?K S, G D () D E H c Ew.

P P. M E B , I Cc M L Ac. B (Swz) -5 S , -6

Lw M, B M, J J, w-Mzc J () U - cc Hc w N P (Kz,G E). I: K S (.) M F T N E. Pc N M. S Ac & H (K ), 9-

L T () Acc c F. I: K S (.) M F T N E. Pc N M. S Ac & H (K ), 9-


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Pz P, B P M, K S, M U (9) K H . NA 9, 5-

S , H S () A cc c Hc E. I: K S (.) M F T N E. Pc N M. S Ac & H (K ), -96

T J () Sc. T . K, Nw Y

V H (99) T K V: E - . H

V K () Sw H cc c c , - Sw. I: K S (.) M F T N E. Pc N M. S Ac & H (K ), 9-5


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Karg Food From Medieval Gardens

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