KAPAP CGS COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH PROJECT

KARI Thika, 18th June 2013

Sorghum Value Chain

Dr. E.K. Cheruiyot

ACHIEVEMENTS & OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEEPENING

Enhancing sorghum production, processing and marketing for improved small-holder incomes and livelihoods in Kenya

Overall Project Objective To enhance sustainable sorghum production, processing and

marketing for improved incomes and livelihoods in Kenya

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

1) To improve small-holder sorghum production in Kenya 2) To link sorghum out-growers to a sustainable market 3) To enhance and promote sorghum post-harvest handling

and processing 4) To increase marketing opportunities for sorghum and

sorghum products 5) To avail and share information targeting different categories

of stake-holders in the sorghum value chain 6) To develop an IPM model for sorghum value chain

Collaborating Organizations

Egerton University, Lead OrganizationUniversity of Nairobi, JKUAT, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University, SACRED Africa, KARI Biotechnology Centre

Industrial partners

East Africa Breweries Ltd (EABL)Spectre InternationalNakuru Pattisserie Bakery

Focus of presentationAchievementsLessons learnedAreas for deepening/up-scaling

Project funding

Total Project Cost - 3 Yrs; = (Ksh.) 23,955,300

Project Year 1 Cost; = (Ksh.) 11,046,150

Achievements for Year 1:

• Site selection and identification of farmer-working groups

Project working sites identified: Rift Valley – Nakuru; Njoro, Rongai, Kampi Ya Moto (and KARI

Marigat), Nyanza - Spectre International (Kisumu) Eastern - Makueni; Kiboko, Kampi-ya-mawe and Kibwezi

(Masongaleni)

• Base line study to identify production constraints– Baseline on status and constraints in sorghum

production done in Nakuru; covering Njoro and Rongai Districts; and Siaya District

– Key outputs: Sorghum production is low,

Constraints: i) access to seed and market, only 28% of farmers had easy access to sorghum seed,

ii) High cost of inputs, credit facilities, post harvest technologiesOpportunities: provision of improved sorghum varieties

• Evaluate and identify genotypes for baking, brewing, ethanol production

• Evaluated 31 hybrids and 60 Lowland OPV and 40 Highland OPV- for yield and suitability for baking, ethanol yield, malting & brewing.

Genotypes for Baking

• Identified genotypes: 5 for baking (at 12-16% sorghum in sorghum-wheat flour)

• Brown/red sorghum (the 5 best)

• White sorghum (better among white sorghum)

Genotypes for Ethanol

• 25 sweet sorghum genotypes were evaluated for brix content & ethanol yield

• 3 genotypes for ethanol extraction - from stalk juice (600-700 litres ethanol per ha)

Sorghum stalk juice fermentation

Genotypes for Malting & Brewing

• 130 sorghum genotypes evaluated for malting and brewing

• 2 identified for brewing (1hybrid = EU 27)

Yield potential 6.23 t/ha ( 1OPV = EU 52)

Yield potential 3.51 t/ha

Set up community based seed multiplication and distribution centers

– Initiated in Siaya, so far the farmers have produced 10 bags ( 1 ton) of ≃Macia

Develop and evaluate a cost effective method of threshing and cleaning sorghum grain

– Portable Sorghum Thresher machine fabricated

– Testing in the workshop done

– Field use targeted (October –December)

• Develop and test diverse products– Lab analysis on baking attributes of 46 genotypes

complete– Results gave 5 best sorghum genotypes for bread – Nakuru Pattisserie Bakery to be supplied with

grain to start baking and promotion of bread with consumers

Marketing opportunities for sorghum products

• Conduct market research– Market research done in Nakuru & Makueni

• Training and capacity building– Training conducted on quality standards done in

Nakuru & Makueni– Number of farmers trained were 72 in Makueni

and 69 in Nakuru• Create linkages and partnerships on markets– Initiated with EABL, and Scared Africa is in the

process of identifying other partners and markets

• Develop and implement a quality control system – Training farmers on quality standards done with farmers

in Nakuru & Makueni– Brochure on quality control developed– Quality control equipment to be given

• Develop a storage and transport system– Each farmer-group to identify store,– Do branding, renovation before quality control

equipment can be placed

Sharing information targeting different categories of stake-holders in the sorghum value chain

• Develop information materials such as brochures and fliers▫Some brochures produced and distributed, but

this task is continuous• Hold demonstrations, workshops, conference

and field days▫Demonstrations were set-up in each site during

the two growing seasons (2011 & 2012),▫Field days conducted during the first season

(2011)

•Publication on research findings, produce policy briefs on sorghum ▫1 publication is out and 3 more in the

review

•Conduct Monitoring and Evaluation ▫Continuous

Overall Summary of Project Achievements of Year 1:• Establishment of base line information on

sorghum production status in Siaya, Nakuru and Makueni: ▫Key highlights Information▫ low sorghum production ▫constraints among them being access to market

and quality seed. • Mobilization of farmer-groups

▫knowledge sharing ▫participate in collective production and marketing ▫Farmer-training on farmer organization for better

price bargains

Summary Achievements cont• Evaluation of sorghum genotypes for targeted

uses; (malting and brewing, baking and ethanol yield) completed▫A total of 130 for malting & brewing , and baking▫25 sweet sorghum for ethanol yield

▫Malting & Brewing = 18 potential, 8 submitted to EABL and 2 outstanding.

▫Baking = out of 30 potential, 5 produced quality bread

▫Ethanol = 25 evaluated and 3 potentially good with 600-700 litres ethanol per ha

2 Lessons Learned

a) Socio-cultural issues influence uptake a technology – farmers with religious background opposed to cultivating sorghum for brewing

b) Involving relevant stakeholders in development of technology hasten achievement of results

c) Engaging students in project work hasten the achievement of results and enhanced quality of output. Future funding should consider a deliberate inclusion of Masters’ degree students with adequate support

Lessons learned cont.

• d) Confidence in engagement ; i) between project financiers and project implementers, and ii) amongst implementers (between collaborators).

When flow of funds from KAPAP was temporarily halted, some collaborators in this work almost pulled out and their confidence went low.

We have also realized that where there is close working relationship, substantial achievement have been registered and almost nil where a collaborator is less involved in the team.

• This clearly show that there is need to cultivate and build confidence among all players.

Future Plan

• i) We plan to avail sorghum seed for the identified uses to both industry and farmers. Some are already in the National Performance Trial, but we hope KAPAP can facilitate our initiative to produce breeder seed as we await certification

• ii) Sorghum bread need to be taken to the market. We are waiting for the entrepreneur to start production and will assist in promotion of the product

• iii) Complete the other planned activities as scheduled in the proposal

3) Areas for Deepening/up-scaling

•i) Sorghum seed production and availability••Priority:

▫EU 27, EU 52 ▫EU 110, EU 121, ▫EU 11, EU 10, EU 17

Strategy

•Multiply and produce breeder and foundation seeds of identified genotypes to enhance seed availability

•Bulk the seed as Quality Declared Seed and enhance adoption and access through linkages with stakeholders

•Variety promotion – demonstration in major target catchment

ii) Postharvest grain handling

•Grain quality status is of concern for the industrial products entering market

•Its acceptable quality standards should be upheld to allow for increase uptake in sorghum production and marketing

•There is need to establish its quality status after harvesting and determine conditions likely to be detrimental, as a strategy for formulating acceptable postharvest handling technologies

iii) Sorghum for feed

•To address the need for feed under mixed farming set-up

•It’s an emerging need for both livestock farmers and feed industry

•Strategy:▫Link farmers with feed manufacturers▫Promote silage technology for sorghum

Acknowledgment

•KAPAP for financial support•Collaborators and Industrial partners• ICRISAT•Ministry of Agriculture•Egerton University and collaborating institutions for

smooth implementation of the project

THANK YOU