Kant-The Critique of Practical Reason

8/14/2019 Kant-The Critique of Practical Reason

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Faaebyij Deb~

^HI MSF^FUYI O@ [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB (5788&

^seb}je~in cv ^hoae} Dfbg}afjj Ecco~~

Faaebyij Deb~< ^HI MSF^FUYI O@ [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB 5



[SI@EMI

^hf} wosd f} mejjin ~hi Msf~fuyi o` [sem~fmej Sie}ob* bo~ o` ~hi {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob* ej~hoygh

f~} {esejjijf}a wf~h ~hi }{imyje~fpi msf~fuyi woyjn }iia ~o siuyfsi ~hi je~~is ~isa" ^hi sie}obo` ~hf} e{{ies} }y``fmfib~jv `soa ~hi ~sie~f}i f~}ij`" F~} cy}fbi}} f} ~o }how ~he~ ~hisi f} {ysi

{sem~fmej sie}ob* ebn òs ~hf} {ys{o}i f~ msf~fmf|i} ~hi ib~fsi {sem~fmej èmyj~v o` sie}ob" F` f~

}ymmiin} fb ~hf}* f~ he} bo biin ~o msf~fmf|i ~hi {ysi èmyj~v f~}ij` fb osnis ~o }ii whi~his

sie}ob fb aedfbg }ymh e mjefa noi} bo~ {si}ya{~yoy}jv opis}~i{ f~}ij` (e} f} ~hi me}i wf~h ~hi

}{imyje~fpi sie}ob&" @os f`* e} {ysi sie}ob* f~ f} em~yejjv {sem~fmej* f~ {sopi} f~} owb siejf~v ebn

~he~ o` f~} mobmi{~} cv èm~* ebn ejj nf}{y~e~fob egefb}~ ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` f~} cifbg siej f} `y~fji"

Wf~h ~hf} èmyj~v* ~seb}mibnib~ej `siinoa f} ej}o i}~ecjf}hin4 `siinoa* beaijv* fb ~he~

ec}ojy~i }ib}i fb whfmh }{imyje~fpi sie}ob siuyfsin f~ fb f~} y}i o` ~hi mobmi{~ o` mey}ejf~v fb

osnis ~o i}me{i ~hi eb~fboav fb~o whfmh f~ fbipf~ecjv èjj}* whib fb ~hi mhefb o` mey}i ebn

i`ìm~ f~ ~sfi} ~o ~hfbd ~hi ybmobnf~fobin" ]{imyje~fpi sie}ob moyjn objv ixhfcf~ ~hf} mobmi{~(o` `siinoa& {socjiae~fmejjv e} bo~ fa{o}}fcji ~o ~hoygh~* wf~hoy~ e}}ysfbg f~ ebv oclim~fpi

siejf~v* ebn aisijv ji}~ ~hi }y{{o}in fa{o}}fcfjf~v o` whe~ f~ ay}~ e~ jie}~ ejjow ~o ci

~hfbdecji }hoyjn ibnebgis f~} pisv cifbg ebn {jybgi f~ fb~o eb ecv}} o` }mi{~fmf}a"

Fbe}aymh e} ~hi siejf~v o` ~hi mobmi{~ o` `siinoa f} {sopin cv eb e{onifm~fm jew o` {sem~fmej

sie}ob* f~ f} ~hi div}~obi o` ~hi whoji }v}~ia o` {ysi sie}ob* ipib ~hi }{imyje~fpi* ebn ejj

o~his mobmi{~} (~ho}i o` Gon ebn faaos~ejf~v& whfmh* e} cifbg aisi fnie}* siaefb fb f~

yb}y{{os~in* bow e~~emh ~hia}ijpi} ~o ~hf} mobmi{~* ebn cv f~ oc~efb mob}f}~ibmi ebn oclim~fpi

siejf~v4 ~he~ f} ~o }ev* ~hifs {o}}fcfjf~v f} {sopin cv ~hi èm~ ~he~ `siinoa em~yejjv ixf}~}* òs

~hf} fnie f} sipiejin cv ~hi aosej jew"

@siinoa* howipis* f} ~hi objv obi o` ejj ~hi fnie} o` ~hi }{imyje~fpi sie}ob o` whfmh wi dbow

~hi {o}}fcfjf~v e {sfosf (wf~hoy~* howipis* ybnis}~ebnfbg f~&* cimey}i f~ f} ~hi mobnf~fob o` ~hi

aosej jew whfmh wi dbow5" ^hi fnie} o` Gon ebn faaos~ejf~v* howipis* esi bo~ mobnf~fob} o`

~hi aosej jew* cy~ objv mobnf~fob} o` ~hi bimi}}esv oclim~ o` e wfjj ni~isafbin cv ~hf} jew4

~he~ f} ~o }ev* mobnf~fob} o` ~hi {sem~fmej y}i o` oys {ysi sie}ob" Hibmi* wf~h si}{im~ ~o ~hi}i

fnie}* wi mebbo~ e``fsa ~he~ wi dbow ebn ybnis}~ebn* F wfjj bo~ }ev ~hi em~yejf~v* cy~ ipib ~hi

{o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hia" Howipis ~hiv esi ~hi mobnf~fob} o` ~hi e{{jfme~fob o` ~hi aosejjv

ni~isafbin wfjj ~o f~} oclim~* whfmh f} gfpib ~o f~ e {sfosf* pf|"* ~hi }yaaya cobya"

Mob}iuyib~jv fb ~hf} {sem~fmej {ofb~ o` pfiw ~hifs {o}}fcfjf~v ay}~ ci e}}yain* ej~hoygh wimebbo~ ~hiosi~fmejjv dbow ebn ybnis}~ebn f~" ô ly}~f`v ~hf} e}}ya{~fob f~ f} }y``fmfib~* fb e

{sem~fmej {ofb~ o` ~he~ ~hiv mob~efb bo fb~sfb}fm fa{o}}fcfjf~v (mob~senfm~fob&"

Hisi wi hepi whe~* e} ès e} }{imyje~fpi sie}ob f} mobmisbin* f} e aisijv }yclim~fpi {sfbmf{ji

o` e}}ib~* whfmh* howipis* f} oclim~fpijv pejfn òs e sie}ob iuyejjv {ysi cy~ {sem~fmej* ebn ~hf}

{sfbmf{ji* cv aieb} o` ~hi mobmi{~ o` `siinoa* e}}ysi} oclim~fpi siejf~v ebn ey~hosf~v ~o ~hi

fnie} o` Gon ebn faaos~ejf~v" Bev* ~hisi f} e }yclim~fpi bimi}}f~v (e biin o` {ysi sie}ob& ~o

5 Ji}~ ebv obi }hoyjn faegfbi ~he~ hi `fbn} eb fbmob}f}~ibmv hisi whib F mejj `siinoa ~hi mobnf~fob o` ~hi aosej

jew* ebn hisie`~is aefb~efb fb ~hi ~sie~f}i f~}ij` ~he~ ~hi aosej jew f} ~hi mobnf~fob ybnis whfmh wi meb `fs}~

cimoai mob}mfoy} o` `siinoa* F wfjj aisijv siaesd ~he~ `siinoa f} ~hi se~fo i}}ibnf o` ~hi aosej jew* whfji ~hi

aosej jew f} ~hi se~fo mogbo}mibnf o` `siinoa" @os [en bo~ ~hi aosej jew ciib {sipfoy}jv nf}~fbm~jv ~hoygh~ fboys sie}ob* wi }hoyjn bipis mob}fnis oys}ijpi} ly}~f`fin fb e}}yafbg }ymh e ~hfbg e} `siinoa* ej~hoygh f~ ci bo~

mob~senfm~osv" Cy~ wisi ~hisi bo `siinoa f~ woyjn ci fa{o}}fcji ~o ~semi ~hi aosej jew fb oys}ijpi} e~ ejj"




e}}yai ~hia" Bipis~hiji}} ~hi ~hiosi~fmej dbowjingi o` sie}ob f} bo~ hisicv ibjesgin* cy~

objv ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v f} gfpib* whfmh hisi~oòsi we} aisijv e {socjia ebn bow cimoai}

e}}is~fob* ebn ~hy} ~hi {sem~fmej y}i o` sie}ob f} mobbim~in wf~h ~hi ijiaib~} o` ~hiosi~fmej

sie}ob" Ebn ~hf} biin f} bo~ e aisijv hv{o~hi~fmej obi òs ~hi escf~sesv {ys{o}i} o`

}{imyje~fob* ~he~ wi ay}~ e}}yai }oai~hfbg f` wi wf}h fb }{imyje~fob ~o messv sie}ob ~o f~}

y~ao}~ jfaf~}* cy~ f~ f} e biin whfmh he} ~hi òsmi o` jew ~o e}}yai }oai~hfbg wf~hoy~ whfmh~he~ mebbo~ ci whfmh wi ay}~ fbipf~ecjv }i~ ciòsi y} e} ~hi efa o` oys em~fob"

t[SI@EMI R{esegse{h9q

F~ woyjn mis~efbjv ci aosi }e~f}èm~osv ~o oys }{imyje~fpi sie}ob f` f~ moyjn }ojpi ~hi}i

{socjia} òs f~}ij` wf~hoy~ ~hf} mfsmyf~ ebn {si}ispi ~hi }ojy~fob òs {sem~fmej y}i e} e ~hfbg ~o

ci siìssin ~o* cy~ fb èm~ oys èmyj~v o` }{imyje~fob f} bo~ }o wijj {sopfnin"

^ho}i who coe}~ o` }ymh hfgh dbowjingi oygh~ bo~ ~o dii{ f~ cemd* cy~ ~o ixhfcf~ f~ {ycjfmjv

~he~ f~ aev ci ~i}~in ebn e{{simfe~in" ^hiv web~ ~o {sopi< pisv goon* ji~ ~hia {sopi4 ebn ~hi

msf~fmej {hfjo}o{hv jev} f~} esa} e~ ~hifs ìi~ e} ~hi pfm~os}" Uyfn }~e~f}? Bojfb~" E~uyf jfmi~ i}}i

cie~f}" E} ~hiv ~hib no bo~ fb èm~ mhoo}i ~o no }o* {socecjv cimey}i ~hiv mebbo~* wi ay}~~edi y{ ~hi}i esa} egefb fb osnis ~o }iid fb ~hi aos~ej y}i o` sie}ob* ebn ~o ce}i ob ~hf}* ~hi

bo~fob} o` Gon* `siinoa* ebn faaos~ejf~v* ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` whfmh }{imyje~fob mebbo~

eniuye~ijv {sopi"

Hisi `fs}~ f} ix{jefbin ~hi ibfgae o` ~hi msf~fmej {hfjo}o{hv* pf|"< how wi nibv oclim~fpi

siejf~v ~o ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji y}i o` ~hi me~igosfi} fb }{imyje~fob ebn vi~ enaf~ ~hf} siejf~v wf~h

si}{im~ ~o ~hi oclim~} o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob" ^hf} ay}~ e~ `fs}~ }iia fbmob}f}~ib~ e} jobg e}

~hf} {sem~fmej y}i f} objv boafbejjv dbowb" Cy~ whib* cv e ~hosoygh ebejv}f} o` f~* obi

cimoai} ewesi ~he~ ~hi siejf~v }{odib o` noi} bo~ fa{jv ebv ~hiosi~fmej ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi

me~igosfi} ebn ix~ib}fob o` oys dbowjingi ~o ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji4 cy~ ~he~ whe~ f} aieb~ f} ~he~

fb ~hf} si}{im~ eb oclim~ cijobg} ~o ~hia* cimey}i if~his ~hiv esi mob~efbin fb ~hi bimi}}esv

ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj e {sfosf* os esi fb}i{esecjv mobbim~in wf~h f~} oclim~4 ~hib ~hf}

fbmob}f}~ibmv nf}e{{ies}* cimey}i ~hi y}i wi aedi o` ~hi}i mobmi{~} f} nf`ìsib~ `soa whe~

}{imyje~fpi sie}ob siuyfsi}" Ob ~hi o~his hebn* ~hisi bow e{{ies} eb ybix{im~in ebn pisv

}e~f}èm~osv {soo` o` ~hi mob}f}~ibmv o` ~hi }{imyje~fpi msf~fmej {hfjo}o{hv" @os whisie} f~

fb}f}~in ~he~ ~hi oclim~} o` ix{isfibmi e} }ymh* fbmjynfbg oys owb }yclim~* hepi objv ~hi pejyi

o` {hiboaibe* whfji e~ ~hi }eai ~fai ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi} ay}~ ci }y{{o}in e} ~hifs ce}f}* }o

~he~ bo~ ipisv~hfbg }y{is}ib}fcji we} ~o ci sigesnin e} e `fm~fob ebn f~} mobmi{~ e} ia{~v4 }o

bow {sem~fmej sie}ob f~}ij`* wf~hoy~ ebv mobmis~ wf~h ~hi }{imyje~fpi* e}}ysi} siejf~v ~o e

}y{is}ib}fcji oclim~ o` ~hi me~igosv o` mey}ejf~v* pf|"* `siinoa* ej~hoygh (e} cimoai} e

{sem~fmej mobmi{~& objv òs {sem~fmej y}i4 ebn ~hf} i}~ecjf}hi} ob ~hi ipfnibmi o` e èm~ ~he~

whfmh fb ~hi òsais me}i moyjn objv ci mobmifpin" Cv ~hf} ~hi }~sebgi cy~ mis~efb nom~sfbi o` ~hi }{imyje~fpi msf~fmej {hfjo}o{hv* ~he~ ~hi ~hfbdfbg }yclim~ f} ~o f~}ij` fb fb~isbej fb~yf~fob

objv e {hiboaibob* oc~efb} fb ~hi msf~fmej ixeafbe~fob o` ~hi {sem~fmej sie}ob f~} `yjj

mob`fsae~fob* ebn ~he~ }o ~hosoyghjv ~he~ wi }hoyjn ci moa{ijjin ~o eno{~ ~hf} nom~sfbi* ipib

f` ~hi òsais hen bipis {sopin f~ e~ ejj3"

t[SI@EMI R{esegse{h 5;q

3 ^hi ybfob o` mey}ejf~v e} `siinoa wf~h mey}ejf~v e} se~fobej aimhebf}a* ~hi òsais i}~ecjf}hin cv ~hi aosej

jew* ~hi je~~is cv ~hi jew o` be~ysi fb ~hi }eai }yclim~* beaijv* aeb* f} fa{o}}fcji* ybji}} wi mobmifpi hfa wf~hsiìsibmi ~o ~hi òsais e} e cifbg fb hfa}ij`* ebn wf~h siìsibmi ~o ~hi je~~is e} e {hiboaibob! ~hi òsais fb

{ysi mob}mfoy}bi}}* ~hi je~~is fb ia{fsfmej mob}mfoy}bi}}" O~hiswf}i sie}ob fbipf~ecjv mob~senfm~} f~}ij`"

Faaebyij Deb~< ^HI MSF^FUYI O@ [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB =



Cv ~hf} ej}o F meb ybnis}~ebn whv ~hi ao}~ mob}fnisecji oclim~fob} whfmh F hepi e} vi~ ai~

wf~h egefb}~ ~hi Msf~fuyi ~ysb ecoy~ ~hi}i ~wo {ofb~}* beaijv* ob ~hi obi }fni* ~hi oclim~fpi

siejf~v o` ~hi me~igosfi} e} e{{jfin ~o boyaibe* whfmh f} fb ~hi ~hiosi~fmej ni{es~aib~ o`

dbowjingi nibfin* fb ~hi {sem~fmej e``fsain4 ebn ob ~hi o~his }fni* ~hi {esenoxfmej niaebn ~o

sigesn obi}ij` uye }yclim~ o` `siinoa e} e boyaibob* ebn e~ ~hi }eai ~fai `soa ~hi {ofb~ o` pfiw o` {hv}fmej be~ysi e} e {hiboaibob fb obi'} owb ia{fsfmej mob}mfoy}bi}}4 òs e} jobg e}

obi he} òsain bo ni`fbf~i bo~fob} o` aosejf~v ebn `siinoa* obi moyjn bo~ moblim~ysi ob ~hi

obi }fni whe~ we} fb~ibnin ~o ci ~hi boyaibob* ~hi ce}f} o` ~hi ejjigin {hiboaibob* ebn ob

~hi o~his }fni f~ }iiain noyc~`yj whi~his f~ we} e~ ejj {o}}fcji ~o òsa ebv bo~fob o` f~* }iifbg

~he~ wi hen {sipfoy}jv e}}fgbin ejj ~hi bo~fob} o` ~hi {ysi ybnis}~ebnfbg fb f~} ~hiosi~fmej y}i

ixmjy}fpijv ~o {hiboaibe" Bo~hfbg cy~ e ni~efjin msf~fmf}a o` ~hi {sem~fmej sie}ob meb siaopi

~hf} ib~fsi af}e{{sihib}fob ebn }i~ fb e mjies jfgh~ ~hi mob}f}~ibmv whfmh mob}~f~y~i} f~}

gsie~i}~ aisf~"

]o aymh cv wev o` ly}~f`fme~fob o` ~hi {somiinfbg cv whfmh* fb ~hf} wosd* ~hi bo~fob} ebn

{sfbmf{ji} o` {ysi }{imyje~fpi sie}ob whfmh hepi ejsienv ybnisgobi ~hifs }{imfej msf~fmejixeafbe~fob esi* bow ebn ~hib* egefb }yclim~in ~o ixeafbe~fob" ^hf} woyjn bo~ fb o~his me}i}

ci fb emmosnebmi wf~h ~hi }v}~iae~fm {somi}} cv whfmh e }mfibmi f} i}~ecjf}hin* }fbmi ae~~is}

whfmh hepi ciib nimfnin oygh~ objv ~o ci mf~in ebn bo~ egefb nf}my}}in" Fb ~hf} me}i*

howipis* f~ we} bo~ objv ejjowecji cy~ bimi}}esv* cimey}i sie}ob f} hisi mob}fnisin fb

~seb}f~fob ~o e nf`ìsib~ y}i o` ~hi}i mobmi{~} `soa whe~ f~ hen aeni o` ~hia ciòsi" ]ymh e

~seb}f~fob bimi}}f~e~i} e moa{esf}ob o` ~hi ojn ebn ~hi biw y}egi* fb osnis ~o nf}~fbgyf}h wijj

~hi biw {e~h `soa ~hi ojn obi ebn* e~ ~hi }eai ~fai* ~o ejjow ~hifs mobbim~fob ~o ci oc}ispin"

Emmosnfbgjv mob}fnise~fob} o` ~hf} dfbn* fbmjynfbg ~ho}i whfmh esi obmi aosi nfsim~in ~o ~hi

mobmi{~ o` `siinoa fb ~hi {sem~fmej y}i o` ~hi {ysi sie}ob* ay}~ bo~ ci sigesnin e} eb

fb~is{oje~fob }ispfbg objv ~o `fjj y{ ~hi ge{} fb ~hi msf~fmej }v}~ia o` }{imyje~fpi sie}ob (òs

~hf} f} òs f~} owb {ys{o}i moa{ji~i&* os jfdi ~hi {so{} ebn cy~~si}}i} whfmh fb e he}~fjv

mob}~sym~in cyfjnfbg esi o`~ib ennin e`~iswesn}4 cy~ e} ~syi aiacis} whfmh aedi ~hi

mobbixfob o` ~hi }v}~ia {jefb* ebn }how y} mobmi{~}* hisi {si}ib~in e} siej* whfmh ~hisi

moyjn objv ci {si}ib~in {socjiae~fmejjv" ^hf} siaesd e{{jfi} i}{imfejjv ~o ~hi mobmi{~ o`

`siinoa* si}{im~fbg whfmh obi mebbo~ cy~ oc}ispi wf~h }ys{sf}i ~he~ }o aebv coe}~ o` cifbg

ecji ~o ybnis}~ebn f~ uyf~i wijj ebn ~o ix{jefb f~} {o}}fcfjf~v* whfji ~hiv sigesn f~ objv

{}vmhojogfmejjv* whisie} f` ~hiv hen }~ynfin f~ fb e ~seb}mibnib~ej {ofb~ o` pfiw* ~hiv ay}~

hepi simogbf|in ~he~ f~ f} bo~ objv fbnf}{ib}ecji e} e {socjiae~fmej mobmi{~* fb ~hi moa{ji~i

y}i o` }{imyje~fpi sie}ob* cy~ ej}o uyf~i fbmoa{sihib}fcji4 ebn f` ~hiv e`~iswesn} meai ~o

mob}fnis f~} {sem~fmej y}i* ~hiv ay}~ biin} hepi moai ~o ~hi pisv aoni o` ni~isafbfbg ~hi

{sfbmf{ji} o` ~hf}* ~o whfmh ~hiv esi bow }o jo~h ~o e}}ib~" ^hi mobmi{~ o` `siinoa f} ~hi }~obio` }~yacjfbg òs ejj ia{fsfmf}~}* cy~ e~ ~hi }eai ~fai ~hi div ~o ~hi jo`~fi}~ {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji}

òs msf~fmej aosejf}~}* who {ismifpi cv f~} aieb} ~he~ ~hiv ay}~ bimi}}esfjv {somiin cv e

se~fobej ai~hon" @os ~hf} sie}ob F cig ~hi sienis bo~ ~o {e}} jfgh~jv opis whe~ f} }efn o` ~hf}

mobmi{~ e~ ~hi ibn o` ~hi Ebejv~fm"

F ay}~ jiepi f~ ~o ~ho}i who esi emuyefb~in wf~h wosd} o` ~hf} dfbn ~o lyngi whi~his }ymh e

}v}~ia e} ~he~ o` ~hi {sem~fmej sie}ob* whfmh f} hisi nipijo{in `soa ~hi msf~fmej ixeafbe~fob

o` f~* he} mo}~ aymh os jf~~ji ~soycji* i}{imfejjv fb }iidfbg bo~ ~o af}} ~hi ~syi {ofb~ o` pfiw

`soa whfmh ~hi whoji meb ci sfgh~jv }di~mhin" F~ {si}y{{o}i}* fbniin* ~hi @ybneaib~ej

[sfbmf{ji} o` ~hi Ai~e{hv}fm o` Aosej}* cy~ objv fb }o ès e} ~hf} gfpi} e {sijfafbesv

emuyefb~ebmi wf~h ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` ny~v* ebn e}}fgb} ebn ly}~f`fi} e ni`fbf~i òsayje ~hisio`4 fb

Faaebyij Deb~< ^HI MSF^FUYI O@ [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB >



o~his si}{im~} f~ f} fbni{ibnib~=" F~ si}yj~} `soa ~hi be~ysi o` ~hf} {sem~fmej èmyj~v f~}ij` ~he~

~hi moa{ji~i mje}}f`fme~fob o` ejj {sem~fmej }mfibmi} mebbo~ ci ennin* e} fb ~hi msf~fuyi o` ~hi

}{imyje~fpi sie}ob" @os f~ f} bo~ {o}}fcji ~o ni`fbi ny~fi} }{imfejjv* e} hyaeb ny~fi}* wf~h e

pfiw ~o ~hifs mje}}f`fme~fob* yb~fj ~hi }yclim~ o` ~hf} ni`fbf~fob (pf|"* aeb& f} dbowb emmosnfbg

~o hf} em~yej be~ysi* e~ jie}~ }o ès e} f} bimi}}esv wf~h si}{im~ ~o ny~v4 ~hf}* howipis* noi} bo~

cijobg ~o e msf~fmej ixeafbe~fob o` ~hi {sem~fmej sie}ob* ~hi cy}fbi}} o` whfmh f} objv ~o e}}fgbfb e moa{ji~i aebbis ~hi {sfbmf{ji} o` f~} {o}}fcfjf~v* ix~ib~* ebn jfaf~}* wf~hoy~ }{imfej

siìsibmi ~o hyaeb be~ysi" ^hi mje}}f`fme~fob ~hib cijobg} ~o ~hi }v}~ia o` }mfibmi* bo~ ~o ~hi

}v}~ia o` msf~fmf}a"

t[SI@EMI R{esegse{h 9q

Fb ~hi }imobn {es~ o` ~hi Ebejv~fm F hepi gfpib* e} F ~sy}~* e }y``fmfib~ eb}wis ~o ~hi oclim~fob

o` e ~sy~h!jopfbg ebn emy~i msf~fm> o` ~hi @ybneaib~ej [sfbmf{ji} o` ~hi Ai~e{hv}fm o` Aosej}!

e msf~fm ejwev} wos~hv o` si}{im~! ~hi oclim~fob* beaijv* ~he~ ~hi bo~fob o` goon we} bo~

i}~ecjf}hin ciòsi ~hi aosej {sfbmf{ji* e} hi ~hfbd} f~ oygh~ ~o hepi ciib9" F hepi ej}o hen

sigesn ~o aebv o` ~hi oclim~fob} whfmh hepi siemhin ai `soa aib who }how ~he~ ~hiv hepie~ hies~ ~hi nf}mopisv o` ~hi ~sy~h* ebn F }hejj mob~fbyi ~o no }o (òs ~ho}i who hepi objv ~hifs

ojn }v}~ia ciòsi ~hifs ivi}* ebn who hepi ejsienv }i~~jin whe~ f} ~o ci e{{sopin os

nf}e{{sopin* no bo~ ni}fsi ebv ix{jebe~fob whfmh afgh~ }~ebn fb ~hi wev o` ~hifs owb {sfpe~i

o{fbfob"&

t[SI@EMI R{esegse{h 3;q

Whib wi hepi ~o }~ynv e {es~fmyjes èmyj~v o` ~hi hyaeb afbn fb f~} }oysmi}* f~} mob~ib~* ebn

f~} jfaf~}4 ~hib `soa ~hi be~ysi o` hyaeb dbowjingi wi ay}~ cigfb wf~h f~} {es~}* wf~h eb

= E sipfiwis who web~in ~o `fbn }oai èyj~ wf~h ~hf} wosd he} hf~ ~hi ~sy~h ci~~is* {ishe{}* ~heb hi ~hoygh~*

whib hi }ev} ~he~ bo biw {sfbmf{ji o` aosejf~v f} }i~ òs~h fb f~* cy~ objv e biw òsayje" Cy~ who woyjn ~hfbd o`

fb~sonymfbg e biw {sfbmf{ji o` ejj aosejf~v ebn aedfbg hfa}ij` e} f~ wisi ~hi `fs}~ nf}mopisis o` f~* ly}~ e} f` ejj

~hi wosjn ciòsi hfa wisi fgboseb~ whe~ ny~v we} os hen ciib fb ~hosoygh!gofbg issos? Cy~ whoipis dbow} o`

whe~ fa{os~ebmi ~o e ae~hiae~fmfeb e òsayje f}* whfmh ni`fbi} emmyse~ijv whe~ f} ~o ci nobi ~o wosd e

{socjia* wfjj bo~ ~hfbd ~he~ e òsayje f} fb}fgbf`fmeb~ ebn y}iji}} whfmh noi} ~hi }eai òs ejj ny~v fb gibisej"> T]ii Deb~'} #Ne} aeg fb nis ^hiosfm sfmd~fg }ivb*# i~m" Wisdi* poj" pff* {" 583"Q9 F~ afgh~ ej}o hepi ciib oclim~in ~o ai ~he~ F hepi bo~ `fs}~ ni`fbin ~hi bo~fob o` ~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi* os o` ~hi

ìijfbg o` [jie}ysi* ej~hoygh ~hf} si{soemh woyjn ci ybèfs* cimey}i ~hf} ni`fbf~fob afgh~ sie}obecjv ci

{si}y{{o}in e} gfpib fb {}vmhojogv" Howipis* ~hi ni`fbf~fob ~hisi gfpib afgh~ ci }ymh e} ~o òybn ~hi

ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi ob ~hi ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi (e} f} moaaobjv nobi&* ebn ~hy} ~hi }y{siai

{sfbmf{ji o` {sem~fmej [hfjo}o{hv woyjn ci bimi}}esfjv aeni ia{fsfmej* whfmh* howipis* siaefb} ~o ci {sopin

ebn fb ~hf} msf~fuyi f} ej~ogi~his si`y~in" F~ wfjj* ~hisiòsi* gfpi ~hf} ni`fbf~fob hisi fb }ymh e aebbis e} f~ oygh~ ~o ci gfpib* fb osnis ~o jiepi ~hf} mob~i}~in {ofb~ o{ib e~ ~hi cigfbbfbg* e} f~ }hoyjn ci" JF@I f} ~hi èmyj~v e cifbg

he} o` em~fbg emmosnfbg ~o jew} o` ~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi" ^hi èmyj~v o` NI]FSI f} ~hi cifbg'} èmyj~v o`

cimoafbg cv aieb} o` f~} fnie} ~hi mey}i o` ~hi em~yej ixf}~ibmi o` ~hi oclim~} o` ~hi}i fnie}"

[JIE]YSI f} ~hi fnie o` ~hi egsiiaib~ o` ~hi oclim~* os ~hi em~fob wf~h ~hi }yclim~fpi mobnf~fob} o` jfì* f"i"*

wf~h ~hi èmyj~v o` mey}ejf~v o` eb fnie fb si}{im~ o` ~hi em~yejf~v o` f~} oclim~ (os wf~h ~hi ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi

òsmi} o` ~hi }yclim~ ~o em~fob whfmh {sonymi} f~&" F hepi bo `ys~his biin òs ~hi {ys{o}i} o` ~hf} msf~fuyi o`

bo~fob} cossowin `soa {}vmhojogv4 ~hi msf~fuyi f~}ij` }y{{jfi} ~hi si}~" F~ f} ie}fjv }iib ~he~ ~hi uyi}~fob whi~his

~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi f} ejwev} ce}in ob {jie}ysi* os whi~his ybnis mis~efb mobnf~fob} {jie}ysi objv òjjow} ~hi

ni~isafbe~fob o` ni}fsi* f} cv ~hf} ni`fbf~fob ji`~ ybnimfnin* òs f~ f} moa{o}in objv o` ~isa} cijobgfbg ~o ~hi

{ysi ybnis}~ebnfbg* f"i"* o` me~igosfi} whfmh mob~efb bo~hfbg ia{fsfmej" ]ymh {simey~fob f} pisv ni}fsecji fb ejj

{hfjo}o{hv ebn vi~ f} o`~ib bigjim~in4 beaijv* bo~ ~o {silyngi uyi}~fob} cv enpib~ysfbg ni`fbf~fob} ciòsi ~hi

bo~fob he} ciib moa{ji~ijv ebejv}in* whfmh f} o`~ib pisv je~i" F~ aev ci oc}ispin ~hsoygh ~hi whoji moys}i o`

~hi msf~fmej {hfjo}o{hv (o` ~hi ~hiosi~fmej e} wijj e} ~hi {sem~fmej sie}ob& ~he~ `siuyib~ o{{os~ybf~v o`ìs} o` }y{{jvfbg niìm~} fb ~hi ojn nogae~fm ai~hon o` {hfjo}o{hv* ebn o` mossim~fbg issos} whfmh esi bo~ oc}ispin

yb~fj wi aedi }ymh se~fobej y}i o` ~hi}i bo~fob} pfiwfbg ~hia e} e whoji"




emmyse~i ebn moa{ji~i ix{o}f~fob o` ~hia4 moa{ji~i* beaijv* }o ès e} f} {o}}fcji fb ~hi

{si}ib~ }~e~i o` oys dbowjingi o` f~} ijiaib~}" Cy~ ~hisi f} ebo~his ~hfbg ~o ci e~~ibnin ~o

whfmh f} o` e aosi {hfjo}o{hfmej ebn esmhf~im~obfm mhesem~is* beaijv* ~o gse}{ mossim~jv ~hi

fnie o` ~hi whoji* ebn `soa ~hibmi ~o gi~ e pfiw o` ejj ~ho}i {es~} e} ay~yejjv sije~in cv ~hi

efn o` {ysi sie}ob* ebn cv aieb} o` ~hifs nisfpe~fob `soa ~hi mobmi{~ o` ~hi whoji" ^hf} f}

objv {o}}fcji ~hsoygh ~hi ao}~ fb~fae~i emuyefb~ebmi wf~h ~hi }v}~ia4 ebn ~ho}i who `fbn ~hi`fs}~ fbuyfsv ~oo ~soycji}oai* ebn no bo~ ~hfbd f~ wos~h ~hifs whfji ~o e~~efb }ymh eb

emuyefb~ebmi* mebbo~ siemh ~hi }imobn }~egi* beaijv* ~hi gibisej pfiw* whfmh f} e }vb~hi~fmej

si~ysb ~o ~he~ whfmh hen {sipfoy}jv ciib gfpib ebejv~fmejjv" F~ f} bo wobnis ~hib f` ~hiv `fbn

fbmob}f}~ibmfi} ipisvwhisi* ej~hoygh ~hi ge{} whfmh ~hi}i fbnfme~i esi bo~ fb ~hi }v}~ia

f~}ij`* cy~ fb ~hifs owb fbmohisib~ ~sefb o` ~hoygh~"

F hepi bo ìes* e} sigesn} ~hf} ~sie~f}i* o` ~hi si{soemh ~he~ F wf}h ~o fb~sonymi e biw jebgyegi*

}fbmi ~hi }os~ o` dbowjingi hisi fb uyi}~fob he} f~}ij` }oaiwhe~ o` eb ipisvnev mhesem~is"

Bos ipib fb ~hi me}i o` ~hi òsais msf~fuyi moyjn ~hf} si{soemh ommys ~o ebvobi who hen

~hoygh~ f~ ~hsoygh ebn bo~ aisijv ~ysbin opis ~hi jiepi}" ô fbpib~ biw wosn} whisi ~hi

jebgyegi he} bo jemd o` ix{si}}fob} òs gfpib bo~fob} f} e mhfjnf}h i`òs~ ~o nf}~fbgyf}h obi}ij` `soa ~hi msown* f` bo~ cv biw ebn ~syi ~hoygh~}* vi~ cv biw {e~mhi} ob ~hi ojn gesaib~" F`*

~hisiòsi* ~hi sienis} o` ~he~ wosd dbow ebv aosi èafjfes ix{si}}fob} whfmh esi e} }yf~ecji

~o ~hi ~hoygh~ e} ~ho}i }iia ~o ai ~o ci* os f` ~hiv ~hfbd ~hiv meb }how ~hi `y~fjf~v o` ~hi}i

~hoygh~} ~hia}ijpi} ebn hibmi ~he~ o` ~hi ix{si}}fob* ~hiv woyjn* fb ~hi `fs}~ me}i* pisv aymh

ocjfgi ai* òs F objv ni}fsi ~o ci ybnis}~oon< ebn* fb ~hi }imobn me}i* ~hiv woyjn ni}ispi wijj

o` {hfjo}o{hv" Cy~* e} jobg e} ~hi}i ~hoygh~} }~ebn* F pisv aymh noyc~ ~he~ }yf~ecji ebn vi~

aosi moaaob ix{si}}fob} òs ~hia meb ci òybn0"

0 F ea aosi e`sefn fb ~hi {si}ib~ ~sie~f}i o` omme}fobej af}mobmi{~fob fb si}{im~ o` }oai ix{si}}fob} whfmh F

hepi mho}ib wf~h ~hi gsie~i}~ mesi fb osnis ~he~ ~hi bo~fob ~o whfmh ~hiv {ofb~ aev bo~ ci af}}in" ^hy}* fb ~hi

~ecji o` me~igosfi} o` ~hi [sem~fmej sie}ob ybnis ~hi ~f~ji o` Aonejf~v* ~hi [isaf~~in* ebn òscfnnib (fb e {sem~fmej

oclim~fpi {ofb~ o` pfiw* {o}}fcji ebn fa{o}}fcji& hepi ejao}~ ~hi }eai aiebfbg fb moaaob jebgyegi e} ~hi bix~

me~igosv* ny~v ebn mob~sesv ~o ny~v" Hisi* howipis* ~hi òsais aieb} whe~ mofbmfni} wf~h* os mob~senfm~}* e

aisijv {o}}fcji {sem~fmej {simi{~ (òs ixea{ji* ~hi }ojy~fob o` ejj {socjia} o` gioai~sv ebn aimhebfm}&4 ~hi

je~~is* whe~ f} }fafjesjv sije~in ~o e jew em~yejjv {si}ib~ fb ~hi sie}ob4 ebn ~hf} nf}~fbm~fob f} bo~ uyf~i òsifgb

ipib ~o moaaob jebgyegi* ej~hoygh }oaiwhe~ yby}yej" @os ixea{ji* f~ f} òscfnnib ~o eb ose~os* e} }ymh* ~o

òsgi biw wosn} os mob}~sym~fob}4 fb e mis~efb nigsii ~hf} f} {isaf~~in ~o e {oi~4 fb bif~his me}i f} ~hisi ebv

uyi}~fob o` ny~v" @os f` ebvobi mhoo}i} ~o òsìf~ hf} si{y~e~fob e} eb ose~os* bo obi meb {sipib~ hfa" Wi hepi

hisi objv ~o no wf~h ~hi nf}~fbm~fob o` fa{ise~fpi} fb~o {socjiae~fmej* e}}is~osfej* ebn e{onifm~fm" ]fafjesjv fb ~hibo~i fb whfmh F hepi {esin ~hi aosej fnie} o` {sem~fmej {isìm~fob fb nf`ìsib~ {hfjo}o{hfmej }mhooj}* F hepi

nf}~fbgyf}hin ~hi fnie o` wf}noa `soa ~he~ o` hojfbi}}* ej~hoygh F hepi }~e~in ~he~ i}}ib~fejjv ebn oclim~fpijv

~hiv esi ~hi }eai" Cy~ fb ~he~ {jemi F ybnis}~ebn cv ~hi òsais objv ~he~ wf}noa ~o whfmh aeb (~hi ]~ofm& jev}

mjefa4 ~hisiòsi F ~edi f~ }yclim~fpijv e} eb e~~sfcy~i ejjigin ~o cijobg ~o aeb"

([ishe{} ~hi ix{si}}fob pfs~yi* wf~h whfmh ej}o ~hi aeni gsie~ }how* woyjn ci~~is aesd ~hi mhesem~isf}~fm o` hf}

}mhooj"& ^hi ix{si}}fob o` e {o}~yje~i o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob afgh~ gfpi ao}~ omme}fob ~o af}e{{sihib}fob fb

me}i ~hi sienis mobòybnin f~ wf~h ~hi }fgbf`fme~fob o` ~hi {o}~yje~i} fb {ysi ae~hiae~fm}* whfmh messv e{onifm~fm

mis~efb~v wf~h ~hia" ^hi}i* howipis* {o}~yje~i ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` eb em~fob* ~hi oclim~ o` whfmh he} ciib

{sipfoy}jv simogbf|in e {sfosf fb ~hiosv e} {o}}fcji* ebn ~he~ wf~h {isìm~ mis~efb~v" Cy~ ~hi òsais {o}~yje~i} ~hi

{o}}fcfjf~v o` eb oclim~ f~}ij` (Gon ebn ~hi faaos~ejf~v o` ~hi }oyj& `soa e{onifm~fm {sem~fmej jew}* ebn ~hisiòsi

objv òs ~hi {ys{o}i} o` e {sem~fmej sie}ob"

^hf} mis~efb~v o` ~hi {o}~yje~in {o}}fcfjf~v ~hib f} bo~ e~ ejj ~hiosi~fm* ebn mob}iuyib~jv bo~ e{onifm~fm4 ~he~ f} ~o

}ev* f~ f} bo~ e dbowb bimi}}f~v e} sigesn} ~hi oclim~* cy~ e bimi}}esv }y{{o}f~fob e} sigesn} ~hi }yclim~*bimi}}esv òs ~hi ocinfibmi ~o f~} oclim~fpi cy~ {sem~fmej jew}" F~ f}* ~hisiòsi* aisijv e bimi}}esv hv{o~hi}f}" F

moyjn `fbn bo ci~~is ix{si}}fob òs ~hf} se~fobej bimi}}f~v* whfmh f} }yclim~fpi* cy~ vi~ ~syi ebn ybmobnf~fobej"




t[SI@EMI R{esegse{h 39q

Fb ~hf} aebbis* ~hib* ~hi e {sfosf {sfbmf{ji} o` ~wo èmyj~fi} o` ~hi afbn* ~hi èmyj~v o`

mogbf~fob ebn ~he~ o` ni}fsi* woyjn ci òybn ebn ni~isafbin e} ~o ~hi mobnf~fob}* ix~ib~* ebn

jfaf~} o` ~hifs y}i* ebn ~hy} e }ysi òybne~fob ci {efn òs e }mfib~f`fm }v}~ia o` {hfjo}o{hv*

co~h ~hiosi~fm ebn {sem~fmej" Bo~hfbg wos}i moyjn he{{ib ~o ~hi}i jecoys} ~heb ~he~ ebvobi }hoyjn aedi ~hi ybix{im~in

nf}mopisv ~he~ ~hisi bif~his f}* bos meb ci* ebv e {sfosf dbowjingi e~ ejj" Cy~ ~hisi f} bo

nebgis o` ~hf}" ^hf} woyjn ci ~hi }eai ~hfbg e} f` obi }oygh~ ~o {sopi cv sie}ob ~he~ ~hisi f}

bo sie}ob" @os wi objv }ev ~he~ wi dbow }oai~hfbg cv sie}ob* whib wi esi mob}mfoy} ~he~

wi moyjn hepi dbowb f~* ipib f` f~ hen bo~ ciib gfpib ~o y} fb ix{isfibmi4 hibmi se~fobej

dbowjingi ebn dbowjingi e {sfosf esi obi ebn ~hi }eai" F~ f} e mjies mob~senfm~fob ~o ~sv ~o

ix~sem~ bimi}}f~v `soa e {sfbmf{ji o` ix{isfibmi (ix {yafmi euyea&* ebn ~o ~sv cv ~hf} ~o gfpi

e lyngiaib~ ~syi ybfpis}ejf~v (wf~hoy~ whfmh ~hisi f} bo se~fobej fbìsibmi* bo~ ipib fbìsibmi

`soa ebejogv* whfmh f} e~ jie}~ e {si}yain ybfpis}ejf~v ebn oclim~fpi bimi}}f~v&" ô }yc}~f~y~i

}yclim~fpi bimi}}f~v* ~he~ f}* my}~oa* òs oclim~fpi* whfmh ixf}~} objv fb e {sfosf lyngiaib~}* f}

~o nibv ~o sie}ob ~hi {owis o` lyngfbg ecoy~ ~hi oclim~* f"i"* o` dbowfbg f~* ebn whe~ cijobg}~o f~" F~ fa{jfi}* òs ixea{ji* ~he~ wi ay}~ bo~ }ev o` }oai~hfbg whfmh o`~ib os ejwev} òjjow}

e mis~efb eb~iminib~ }~e~i ~he~ wi meb mobmjyni `soa ~hf} ~o ~he~ (òs ~hf} woyjn fa{jv

oclim~fpi bimi}}f~v ebn ~hi bo~fob o` eb e {sfosf mobbixfob&* cy~ objv ~he~ wi aev ix{im~

}fafjes me}i} (ly}~ e} ebfaej} no&* ~he~ f} ~he~ wi silim~ ~hi bo~fob o` mey}i ej~ogi~his e} èj}i

ebn e aisi nijy}fob" E} ~o e~~ia{~fbg ~o siainv ~hf} web~ o` oclim~fpi ebn mob}iuyib~jv

ybfpis}ej pejfnf~v cv }evfbg ~he~ wi meb }ii bo gsoybn òs e~~sfcy~fbg ebv o~his }os~ o`

dbowjingi ~o o~his se~fobej cifbg}* f` ~hf} sie}obfbg wisi pejfn* oys fgbosebmi woyjn no aosi

òs ~hi ibjesgiaib~ o` oys dbowjingi ~heb ejj oys ainf~e~fob" @os* ~hib* ob ~hf} pisv gsoybn

~he~ wi hepi bo dbowjingi o` ebv o~his se~fobej cifbg} ci}fni} aeb* wi }hoyjn hepi e sfgh~

~o }y{{o}i ~hia ~o ci o` ~hi }eai be~ysi e} wi dbow oys}ijpi} ~o ci< ~he~ f}* wi }hoyjn siejjv

dbow ~hia" F oaf~ ~o aib~fob ~he~ ybfpis}ej e}}ib~ noi} bo~ {sopi ~hi oclim~fpi pejfnf~v o` e

lyngiaib~ (f"i"* f~} pejfnf~v e} e mogbf~fob&* ebn ej~hoygh ~hf} ybfpis}ej e}}ib~ }hoyjn

emmfnib~ejjv he{{ib* f~ moyjn `ysbf}h bo {soo` o` egsiiaib~ wf~h ~hi oclim~4 ob ~hi mob~sesv* f~

f} ~hi oclim~fpi pejfnf~v whfmh ejobi mob}~f~y~i} ~hi ce}f} o` e bimi}}esv ybfpis}ej mob}ib~"

t[SI@EMI R{esegse{h =;q

Bow f` ~hf} }mfibmi f} fb mob~senfm~fob wf~h e sie}ob ~he~ enaf~} objv ia{fsfmej {sfbmf{ji}* e} f~

fbipf~ecjv f} fb ~hi eb~fboav fb whfmh ae~hiae~fm} {sopi ~hi fb`fbf~i nfpf}fcfjf~v o` }{emi*

whfmh ia{fsfmf}a mebbo~ enaf~4 ~hib ~hi gsie~i}~ {o}}fcji ipfnibmi o` niaob}~se~fob f} fb

aebfì}~ mob~senfm~fob wf~h ~hi ejjigin mobmjy}fob} `soa ix{isfibmi* ebn wi esi nsfpib ~oe}d* jfdi Mhi}ijnib'} cjfbn {e~fib~* #Whfmh nimifpi} ai* }fgh~ os ~oymh?# (òs ia{fsfmf}a f}

ce}in ob e bimi}}f~v ìj~* se~fobejf}a ob e bimi}}f~v }iib&" Ebn ~hy} ybfpis}ej ia{fsfmf}a

sipiej} f~}ij` e} ec}ojy~i }mi{~fmf}a" F~ f} issobioy} ~o e~~sfcy~i ~hf} fb }ymh eb ybuyejf`fin




}ib}i ~o Hyai7* , }fbmi hi ji`~ e~ jie}~ obi mis~efb ~oymh}~obi (whfmh meb objv ci òybn fb e

{sfosf {sfbmf{ji}&* ej~hoygh ix{isfibmi mob}f}~} bo~ objv o` ìijfbg}* cy~ ej}o o` lyngiaib~}"

, Beai} ~he~ ni}fgbe~i ~hi òjjowis} o` e }im~ hepi ejwev} ciib emmoa{ebfin wf~h aymh

fbly}~fmi4 ly}~ e} f` obi }efn* #B f} eb Fniejf}~"# @os ej~hoygh hi bo~ objv enaf~}* cy~ ipib

fb}f}~}* ~he~ oys fnie} o` ix~isbej ~hfbg} hepi em~yej oclim~} o` ix~isbej ~hfbg} mossi}{obnfbg ~o~hia* vi~ hi hojn} ~he~ ~hi òsa o` ~hi fb~yf~fob noi} bo~ ni{ibn ob ~hia cy~ ob ~hi hyaeb

afbn"

t[SI@EMI R{esegse{h =9q

7 Hyai woyjn ci uyf~i }e~f}`fin wf~h ~hf} }v}~ia o` ybfpis}ej ia{fsfmf}a* òs* e} f} wijj dbowb* hi ni}fsin

bo~hfbg aosi ~heb ~he~* fb}~ien o` e}msfcfbg ebv oclim~fpi aiebfbg ~o ~hi bimi}}f~v fb ~hi mobmi{~ o` mey}i* e

aisijv }yclim~fpi obi }hoyjn ci e}}yain* pf|"* my}~oa* fb osnis ~o nibv ~he~ sie}ob moyjn lyngi ecoy~ Gon*

`siinoa* ebn faaos~ejf~v4 ebn f` obmi hf} {sfbmf{ji} wisi gseb~in* hi we} mis~efbjv wijj ecji ~o ninymi hf}

mobmjy}fob} ~hisi`soa* wf~h ejj jogfmej mohisibmi" Cy~ ipib Hyai nfn bo~ aedi hf} ia{fsfmf}a }o ybfpis}ej e} ~o

fbmjyni ae~hiae~fm}" Hi hojn} ~hi {sfbmf{ji} o` ae~hiae~fm} ~o ci ebejv~fmej4 ebn f` hf} wisi mossim~* ~hiv woyjn

mis~efbjv ci e{onifm~fm ej}o< cy~ wi moyjn bo~ fbìs `soa ~hf} ~he~ sie}ob he} ~hi èmyj~v o` òsafbg e{onifm~fm

lyngiaib~} fb {hfjo}o{hv ej}o! ~he~ f} ~o }ev* ~ho}i whfmh esi }vb~hi~fmej lyngiaib~}* jfdi ~hi lyngiaib~ o`

mey}ejf~v" Cy~ f` wi eno{~ e ybfpis}ej ia{fsfmf}a* ~hib ae~hiae~fm} wfjj ci fbmjynin"

Howipis* e} fb ~hf} {hfjo}o{hfmej ebn msf~fmej egi }ymh ia{fsfmf}a meb }mesmijv ci }isfoy}* ebn f~ f} {socecjv {y~

òswesn objv e} eb fb~ijjim~yej ixismf}i ebn òs ~hi {ys{o}i o` {y~~fbg fb e mjiesis jfgh~* cv mob~se}~* ~hi bimi}}f~vo` se~fobej e {sfosf {sfbmf{ji}* wi meb objv ci gse~i`yj ~o ~ho}i who ia{jov ~hia}ijpi} fb ~hf} o~hiswf}i

ybfb}~sym~fpi jecoys"




FB^SONYM^FOB

O` ~hi Fnie o` e Msf~fuyi o` [sem~fmej Sie}ob

^hi ~hiosi~fmej y}i o` sie}ob we} mobmisbin wf~h oclim~} o` ~hi mogbf~fpi èmyj~v objv* ebn e

msf~fmej ixeafbe~fob o` f~ wf~h siìsibmi ~o ~hf} y}i e{{jfin {so{isjv objv ~o ~hi {ysi èmyj~v o`

mogbf~fob4 cimey}i ~hf} sef}in ~hi }y}{fmfob* whfmh we} e`~iswesn} mob`fsain* ~he~ f~ afgh~

ie}fjv {e}} civobn f~} jfaf~}* ebn ci jo}~ eaobg ybe~~efbecji oclim~}* os ipib mob~senfm~osv

bo~fob}" F~ f} uyf~i nf`ìsib~ wf~h ~hi {sem~fmej y}i o` sie}ob" Fb ~hf}* sie}ob f} mobmisbin wf~h

~hi gsoybn} o` ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj* whfmh f} e èmyj~v if~his ~o {sonymi oclim~}

mossi}{obnfbg ~o fnie}* os ~o ni~isafbi oys}ijpi} ~o ~hi i`ìm~fbg o` }ymh oclim~} (whi~his ~hi

{hv}fmej {owis f} }y``fmfib~ os bo~&4 ~he~ f}* ~o ni~isafbi oys mey}ejf~v" @os hisi* sie}ob meb e~

jie}~ e~~efb }o ès e} ~o ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj* ebn he} ejwev} oclim~fpi siejf~v fb }o ès e} f~ f} ~hi

pojf~fob objv ~he~ f} fb uyi}~fob" ^hi `fs}~ uyi}~fob hisi ~hib f} whi~his {ysi sie}ob o` f~}ij`

ejobi }y``fmi} ~o ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj* os whi~his f~ meb ci e gsoybn o` ni~isafbe~fob objv e}

ni{ibnib~ ob ia{fsfmej mobnf~fob}" Bow* hisi ~hisi moai} fb e bo~fob o` mey}ejf~v ly}~f`fin cv

~hi msf~fuyi o` ~hi {ysi sie}ob* ej~hoygh bo~ me{ecji o` cifbg {si}ib~in ia{fsfmejjv* pf|"* ~he~

o` `siinoa4 ebn f` wi meb bow nf}mopis aieb} o` {sopfbg ~he~ ~hf} {so{is~v noi} fb èm~

cijobg ~o ~hi hyaeb wfjj (ebn }o ~o ~hi wfjj o` ejj se~fobej cifbg}&* ~hib f~ wfjj bo~ objv ci

}howb ~he~ {ysi sie}ob meb ci {sem~fmej* cy~ ~he~ f~ ejobi* ebn bo~ sie}ob ia{fsfmejjv jfaf~in*f} fbnycf~ecjv {sem~fmej4 mob}iuyib~jv* wi }hejj hepi ~o aedi e msf~fmej ixeafbe~fob* bo~ o`

{ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob* cy~ objv o` {sem~fmej sie}ob gibisejjv" @os whib obmi {ysi sie}ob f}

}howb ~o ixf}~* f~ biin} bo msf~fmej ixeafbe~fob" @os sie}ob f~}ij` mob~efb} ~hi }~ebnesn òs ~hi

msf~fmej ixeafbe~fob o` ipisv y}i o` f~" ^hi msf~fuyi* ~hib* o` {sem~fmej sie}ob gibisejjv f}

coybn ~o {sipib~ ~hi ia{fsfmejjv mobnf~fobin sie}ob `soa mjefafbg ixmjy}fpijv ~o `ysbf}h ~hi

gsoybn o` ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj" F` f~ f} {sopin ~he~ ~hisi f} e T{sem~fmejQ sie}ob* f~}

ia{jovaib~ f} ejobi faaebib~4 ~hi ia{fsfmejjv mobnf~fobin y}i* whfmh mjefa} }y{siaemv* f}

ob ~hi mob~sesv ~seb}mibnib~ ebn ix{si}}i} f~}ij` fb niaebn} ebn {simi{~} whfmh go uyf~i

civobn f~} }{hisi" ^hf} f} ly}~ ~hi o{{o}f~i o` whe~ afgh~ ci }efn o` {ysi sie}ob fb f~}

}{imyje~fpi ia{jovaib~"

Howipis* e} f~ f} }~fjj {ysi sie}ob* ~hi dbowjingi o` whfmh f} hisi ~hi òybne~fob o` f~}

{sem~fmej ia{jovaib~* ~hi gibisej oy~jfbi o` ~hi mje}}f`fme~fob o` e msf~fuyi o` {sem~fmej sie}ob

ay}~ ci essebgin fb emmosnebmi wf~h ~he~ o` ~hi }{imyje~fpi" Wi ay}~* ~hib* hepi ~hi

Ijiaib~} ebn ~hi Ai~honojogv o` f~4 ebn fb ~hi òsais eb Ebejv~fm e} ~hi syji o` ~sy~h* ebn e

Nfejim~fm e} ~hi ix{o}f~fob ebn nf}}ojy~fob o` ~hi fjjy}fob fb ~hi lyngiaib~} o` {sem~fmej

sie}ob" Cy~ ~hi osnis fb ~hi }ycnfpf}fob o` ~hi Ebejv~fm wfjj ci ~hi sipis}i o` ~he~ fb ~hi

msf~fuyi o` ~hi {ysi }{imyje~fpi sie}ob" @os* fb ~hi {si}ib~ me}i* wi }hejj moaaibmi wf~h ~hi

{sfbmf{ji} ebn {somiin ~o ~hi mobmi{~}* ebn objv ~hib* f` {o}}fcji* ~o ~hi }ib}i}4 whisie} fb ~hi

me}i o` ~hi }{imyje~fpi sie}ob wi cigeb wf~h ~hi }ib}i} ebn hen ~o ibn wf~h ~hi {sfbmf{ji}"

^hi sie}ob o` ~hf} jfi} egefb fb ~hf}< ~he~ bow wi hepi ~o no wf~h e wfjj* ebn hepi ~o mob}fnis

sie}ob* bo~ fb f~} sije~fob ~o oclim~}* cy~ ~o ~hf} wfjj ebn f~} mey}ejf~v" Wi ay}~* ~hib* cigfbwf~h ~hi {sfbmf{ji} o` e mey}ejf~v bo~ ia{fsfmejjv mobnf~fobin* e`~is whfmh ~hi e~~ia{~ meb ci




aeni ~o i}~ecjf}h oys bo~fob} o` ~hi ni~isafbfbg gsoybn} o` }ymh e wfjj* o` ~hifs e{{jfme~fob ~o

oclim~}* ebn `fbejjv ~o ~hi }yclim~ ebn f~} }ib}i èmyj~v" Wi bimi}}esfjv cigfb wf~h ~hi jew o`

mey}ejf~v `soa `siinoa* ~he~ f}* wf~h e {ysi {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji* ebn ~hf} ni~isafbi} ~hi oclim~}

~o whfmh ejobi f~ meb ci e{{jfin"

COOD_5zMHE[ÎS_5

@FS]^ [ES^

IJIAIB^] O@ [YSI [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB

COOD F" ^hi Ebejv~fm o` [ysi [sem~fmej Sie}ob

MHE[ÎS F" O` ~hi [sfbmf{ji} o` [ysi [sem~fmej Sie}ob"

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_5 R{esegse{h 9q

F" NI@FBF^FOB

[sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji} esi {so{o}f~fob} whfmh mob~efb e gibisej ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj* hepfbgybnis f~ }ipisej {sem~fmej syji}"

^hiv esi }yclim~fpi* os aexfa}* whib ~hi mobnf~fob f} sigesnin cv ~hi }yclim~ e} pejfn objv

òs hf} owb wfjj* cy~ esi oclim~fpi* os {sem~fmej jew}* whib ~hi mobnf~fob f} simogbf|in e}

oclim~fpi* ~he~ f}* pejfn òs ~hi wfjj o` ipisv se~fobej cifbg"

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_5 R{esegse{h 5;q

SIAESD

]y{{o}fbg ~he~ {ysi sie}ob mob~efb} fb f~}ij` e {sem~fmej ao~fpi* ~he~ f}* obi eniuye~i ~o

ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj* ~hib ~hisi esi {sem~fmej jew}4 o~hiswf}i ejj {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji} wfjj ci aisi

aexfa}" Fb me}i ~hi wfjj o` e se~fobej cifbg f} {e~hojogfmejjv e`ìm~in* ~hisi aev ommys e

mob`jfm~ o` ~hi aexfa} wf~h ~hi {sem~fmej jew} simogbf|in cv f~}ij`" @os ixea{ji* obi aev

aedi f~ hf} aexfa ~o ji~ bo fblysv {e}} ybsipibgin* ebn vi~ hi aev }ii ~he~ ~hf} f} bo~ e

{sem~fmej jew* cy~ objv hf} owb aexfa4 ~he~* ob ~hi mob~sesv* sigesnin e} cifbg fb obi ebn ~hi

}eai aexfa e syji òs ~hi wfjj o` ipisv se~fobej cifbg* f~ ay}~ mob~senfm~ f~}ij`" Fb be~ysej

{hfjo}o{hv ~hi {sfbmf{ji} o` whe~ he{{ib}* i"g"* ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` iuyejf~v o` em~fob ebn

siem~fob fb ~hi moaaybfme~fob o` ao~fob& esi e~ ~hi }eai ~fai jew} o` be~ysi4 òs ~hi y}i o`

sie}ob ~hisi f} ~hiosi~fmej ebn ni~isafbin cv ~hi be~ysi o` ~hi oclim~" Fb {sem~fmej {hfjo}o{hv*

f"i"* ~he~ whfmh he} ~o no objv wf~h ~hi gsoybn} o` ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj* ~hi {sfbmf{ji}

whfmh e aeb aedi} òs hfa}ij` esi bo~ jew} cv whfmh obi f} fbipf~ecjv coybn4 cimey}i sie}obfb {sem~fmej ae~~is} he} ~o no wf~h ~hi }yclim~* beaijv* wf~h ~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi* ~hi }{imfej

Faaebyij Deb~< ^HI MSF^FUYI O@ [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB 5;



mhesem~is o` whfmh aev omme}fob pesfi~v fb ~hi syji" ^hi {sem~fmej syji f} ejwev} e {sonym~ o`

sie}ob* cimey}i f~ {si}msfci} em~fob e} e aieb} ~o ~hi i`ìm~" Cy~ fb ~hi me}i o` e cifbg wf~h

whoa sie}ob noi} bo~ o` f~}ij` ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj* ~hf} syji f} eb fa{ise~fpi* f"i"* e syji

mhesem~isf|in cv #}hejj*# whfmh ix{si}}i} ~hi oclim~fpi bimi}}f~e~fob o` ~hi em~fob ebn

}fgbf`fi} ~he~* f` sie}ob moa{ji~ijv ni~isafbin ~hi wfjj* ~hi em~fob woyjn fbipf~ecjv ~edi {jemi

emmosnfbg ~o ~hf} syji" Fa{ise~fpi}* ~hisiòsi* esi oclim~fpijv pejfn* ebn esi uyf~i nf}~fbm~ `soaaexfa}* whfmh esi }yclim~fpi {sfbmf{ji}" ^hi òsais if~his ni~isafbi ~hi mobnf~fob} o` ~hi

mey}ejf~v o` ~hi se~fobej cifbg e} eb i``fmfib~ mey}i* f"i"* aisijv fb siìsibmi ~o ~hi i`ìm~ ebn

~hi aieb} o` e~~efbfbg f~4 os ~hiv ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj objv* whi~his f~ f} eniuye~i ~o ~hi i`ìm~

os bo~" ^hi òsais woyjn ci hv{o~hi~fmej fa{ise~fpi}* ebn mob~efb aisi {simi{~} o` }dfjj4 ~hi

je~~is* ob ~hi mob~sesv* woyjn ci me~igosfmej* ebn woyjn ejobi ci {sem~fmej jew}"

^hy} aexfa} esi {sfbmf{ji}* cy~ bo~ fa{ise~fpi}" Fa{ise~fpi} ~hia}ijpi}* howipis* whib ~hiv

esi mobnf~fobej (f"i"* no bo~ ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj }fa{jv e} wfjj* cy~ objv fb si}{im~ ~o e ni}fsin

i`ìm~* ~he~ f}* whib ~hiv esi hv{o~hi~fmej fa{ise~fpi}&* esi {sem~fmej {simi{~} cy~ bo~ jew}"

Jew} ay}~ ci }y``fmfib~ ~o ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj e} wfjj* ipib ciòsi F e}d whi~his F hepi {owis

}y``fmfib~ òs e ni}fsin i`ìm~* os ~hi aieb} bimi}}esv ~o {sonymi f~4 hibmi ~hiv esime~igosfmej< o~hiswf}i ~hiv esi bo~ jew} e~ ejj* cimey}i ~hi bimi}}f~v f} web~fbg* whfmh* f` f~ f}

~o ci {sem~fmej* ay}~ ci fbni{ibnib~ o` mobnf~fob} whfmh esi {e~hojogfmej ebn esi ~hisiòsi

objv mob~fbgib~jv mobbim~in wf~h ~hi wfjj" îjj e aeb* òs ixea{ji* ~he~ hi ay}~ ci

fbny}~sfoy} ebn ~hsf`~v fb voy~h* fb osnis ~he~ hi aev bo~ web~ fb ojn egi4 ~hf} f} e mossim~ ebn

fa{os~eb~ {sem~fmej {simi{~ o` ~hi wfjj" Cy~ f~ f} ie}v ~o }ii ~he~ fb ~hf} me}i ~hi wfjj f} nfsim~in

~o }oai~hfbg ij}i whfmh f~ f} {si}y{{o}in ~he~ f~ ni}fsi}4 ebn e} ~o ~hf} ni}fsi* wi ay}~ jiepi f~

~o ~hi em~os hfa}ij` whi~his hi jood} òswesn ~o o~his si}oysmi} ~heb ~ho}i o` hf} owb

emuyf}f~fob* os noi} bo~ ix{im~ ~o ci ojn* os ~hfbd} ~he~ fb me}i o` `y~ysi bimi}}f~v hi wfjj ci

ecji ~o aedi }hf`~ wf~h jf~~ji" Sie}ob* `soa whfmh ejobi meb }{sfbg e syji fbpojpfbg bimi}}f~v*

noi}* fbniin* gfpi bimi}}f~v ~o ~hf} {simi{~ (ij}i f~ woyjn bo~ ci eb fa{ise~fpi&* cy~ ~hf} f} e

bimi}}f~v ni{ibnib~ ob }yclim~fpi mobnf~fob}* ebn mebbo~ ci }y{{o}in fb ~hi }eai nigsii fb

ejj }yclim~}" Cy~ ~he~ sie}ob aev gfpi jew} f~ f} bimi}}esv ~he~ f~ }hoyjn objv biin ~o

{si}y{{o}i f~}ij`* cimey}i syji} esi oclim~fpijv ebn ybfpis}ejjv pejfn objv whib ~hiv hojn

wf~hoy~ ebv mob~fbgib~ }yclim~fpi mobnf~fob}* whfmh nf}~fbgyf}h obi se~fobej cifbg `soa

ebo~his" Bow ~ijj e aeb ~he~ hi }hoyjn bipis aedi e nimif~`yj {soaf}i* ~hf} f} e syji whfmh

objv mobmisb} hf} wfjj* whi~his ~hi {ys{o}i} hi aev hepi meb ci e~~efbin ~hisicv os bo~4 f~ f}

~hi pojf~fob objv whfmh f} ~o ci ni~isafbin e {sfosf cv ~he~ syji" F` bow f~ f} òybn ~he~ ~hf}

syji f} {sem~fmejjv sfgh~* ~hib f~ f} e jew* cimey}i f~ f} e me~igosfmej fa{ise~fpi" ^hy}* {sem~fmej

jew} siìs ~o ~hi wfjj objv* wf~hoy~ mob}fnisfbg whe~ f} e~~efbin cv f~} mey}ejf~v* ebn wi aev

nf}sigesn ~hf} je~~is (e} cijobgfbg ~o ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i& fb osnis ~o hepi ~hia uyf~i {ysi"

FF" ^HIOSIA FtCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_5 R{esegse{h 59q

Ejj {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji} whfmh {si}y{{o}i eb oclim~ (ae~~is& o` ~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi e} ~hi

gsoybn o` ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj esi ia{fsfmej ebn meb `ysbf}h bo {sem~fmej jew}"

Cv ~hi ae~~is o` ~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi F aieb eb oclim~ ~hi siejf|e~fob o` whfmh f} ni}fsin"

Bow* f` ~hi ni}fsi òs ~hf} oclim~ {simini} ~hi {sem~fmej syji ebn f} ~hi mobnf~fob o` oys aedfbg

f~ e {sfbmf{ji* ~hib F }ev (fb ~hi `fs}~ {jemi& ~hf} {sfbmf{ji f} fb ~he~ me}i whojjv ia{fsfmej* òs

~hib whe~ ni~isafbi} ~hi mhofmi f} ~hi fnie o` eb oclim~ ebn ~he~ sije~fob o` ~hf} fnie ~o ~hi}yclim~ cv whfmh f~} èmyj~v o` ni}fsi f} ni~isafbin ~o f~} siejf|e~fob" ]ymh e sije~fob ~o ~hi




}yclim~ f} mejjin ~hi {jie}ysi fb ~hi siejf|e~fob o` eb oclim~" ^hf}* ~hib* ay}~ ci {si}y{{o}in

e} e mobnf~fob o` ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj" Cy~ f~ f} fa{o}}fcji ~o dbow e {sfosf o` ebv fnie o` eb oclim~ whi~his f~ wfjj ci mobbim~in wf~h {jie}ysi os {efb* os ci

fbnf`ìsib~" Fb }ymh me}i}* ~hisiòsi* ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi mhofmi ay}~ ci ia{fsfmej

ebn* ~hisiòsi* ej}o ~hi {sem~fmej ae~isfej {sfbmf{ji whfmh {si}y{{o}i} f~ e} e mobnf~fob"

Fb ~hi }imobn {jemi* }fbmi }y}mi{~fcfjf~v ~o e {jie}ysi os {efb meb ci dbowb objv ia{fsfmejjv

ebn mebbo~ hojn fb ~hi }eai nigsii òs ejj se~fobej cifbg}* e {sfbmf{ji whfmh f} ce}in ob ~hf}

}yclim~fpi mobnf~fob aev }ispi fbniin e} e aexfa òs ~hi }yclim~ whfmh {o}}i}}i} ~hf}

}y}mi{~fcfjf~v* cy~ bo~ e} e jew ipib ~o hfa (cimey}i f~ f} web~fbg fb oclim~fpi bimi}}f~v*

whfmh ay}~ ci simogbf|in e {sfosf&4 f~ òjjow}* ~hisiòsi* ~he~ }ymh e {sfbmf{ji meb bipis

`ysbf}h e {sem~fmej jew"


FFF" ^HIOSIA FF

Ejj ae~isfej {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji} e} }ymh esi o` obi ebn ~hi }eai dfbn ebn moai ybnis ~hi

gibisej {sfbmf{ji o` }ij`!jopi os {sfpe~i he{{fbi}}"

[jie}ysi esf}fbg `soa ~hi fnie o` ~hi fnie o` ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` e ~hfbg* fb }o ès e} f~ f} ~o

ni~isafbi ~hi ni}fsi o` ~hf} ~hfbg* f} òybnin ob ~hi }y}mi{~fcfjf~v o` ~hi }yclim~* }fbmi f~

ni{ibn} ob ~hi {si}ibmi o` eb oclim~4 hibmi f~ cijobg} ~o }ib}i (ìijfbg&* ebn bo~ ~o

ybnis}~ebnfbg* whfmh ix{si}}i} e sije~fob o` ~hi fnie ~o eb oclim~ emmosnfbg ~o mobmi{~}* bo~

~o ~hi }yclim~ emmosnfbg ~o ìijfbg}" F~ f}* ~hib* {sem~fmej objv fb }o ès e} ~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi

f} ni~isafbin cv ~hi }ib}e~fob o` egsiiecjibi}} whfmh ~hi }yclim~ ix{im~} `soa ~hi em~yej

ixf}~ibmi o` ~hi oclim~" Bow* e se~fobej cifbg'} mob}mfoy}bi}} o` ~hi {jie}eb~bi}} o` jfì

ybfb~issy{~injv emmoa{ebvfbg hf} whoji ixf}~ibmi f} he{{fbi}}4 ebn ~hi {sfbmf{ji whfmhaedi} ~hf} ~hi }y{siai gsoybn o` ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj f} ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` }ij`!jopi" Ejj

ae~isfej {sfbmf{ji}* ~hib* whfmh {jemi ~hi ni~isafbfbg gsoybn o` ~hi wfjj fb ~hi {jie}ysi os

{efb ~o ci simifpin `soa ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ebv oclim~ esi ejj o` ~hi }eai dfbn* fbe}aymh e} ~hiv

ejj cijobg ~o ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` }ij`!jopi os {sfpe~i he{{fbi}}"

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_5 R{esegse{h39q

MOSOJJESV

Ejj ae~isfej {sem~fmej syji} {jemi ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj fb ~hi jowis ni}fsi}4 ebn

f` ~hisi wisi bo {ysijv òsaej jew} o` ~hi wfjj eniuye~i ~o ni~isafbi f~* ~hib wi moyjn bo~enaf~ ebv hfghis ni}fsi e~ ejj"

SIAESD F

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_5 R{esegse{h =;q

F~ f} }ys{sf}fbg ~he~ aib* o~hiswf}i emy~i* meb ~hfbd f~ {o}}fcji ~o nf}~fbgyf}h ci~wiib hfghis

ebn jowis ni}fsi}* emmosnfbg e} ~hi fnie} whfmh esi mobbim~in wf~h ~hi ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi

hepi ~hifs osfgfb fb ~hi }ib}i} os fb ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg4 òs whib wi fbuyfsi whe~ esi ~hi

ni~isafbfbg gsoybn} o` ni}fsi* ebn {jemi ~hia fb }oai ix{im~in {jie}eb~bi}}* f~ f} o` bo

mob}iuyibmi whibmi ~hi fnie o` ~hf} {jie}fbg oclim~ f} nisfpin* cy~ objv how aymh f~ {jie}i}"

Whi~his eb fnie he} f~} }ie~ ebn }oysmi fb ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg os bo~* f` f~ meb objv ni~isafbi~hi mhofmi cv {si}y{{o}fbg e ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi fb ~hi }yclim~* f~ òjjow} ~he~ f~} me{ecfjf~v o`




ni~isafbfbg ~hi mhofmi ni{ibn} ej~ogi~his ob ~hi be~ysi o` ~hi fbbis }ib}i* beaijv* ~he~ ~hf}

meb ci egsiiecjv e`ìm~in cv f~" Howipis nf}}fafjes fnie} o` oclim~} aev ci* ~hoygh ~hiv ci

fnie} o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg* os ipib o` ~hi sie}ob fb mob~se}~ ~o fnie} o` }ib}i* vi~ ~hi ìijfbg

o` {jie}ysi* cv aieb} o` whfmh ~hiv mob}~f~y~i ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj (~hi

ix{im~in }e~f}èm~fob whfmh fa{ij} ~hi em~fpf~v ~o ~hi {sonym~fob o` ~hi oclim~&* f} o` obi ebn

~hi }eai dfbn* bo~ objv fbe}aymh e} f~ meb objv ci dbowb ia{fsfmejjv* cy~ ej}o fbe}aymh e} f~e`ìm~} obi ebn ~hi }eai pf~ej òsmi whfmh aebfì}~} f~}ij` fb ~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi* ebn fb ~hf}

si}{im~ meb objv nf`ìs fb nigsii `soa ipisv o~his gsoybn o` ni~isafbe~fob" O~hiswf}i* how

moyjn wi moa{esi fb si}{im~ o` aegbf~yni ~wo {sfbmf{ji} o` ni~isafbe~fob* ~hi fnie} o` whfmh

ni{ibn y{ob nf`ìsib~ èmyj~fi}* }o e} ~o {siìs ~he~ whfmh e`ìm~} ~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi fb ~hi

hfghi}~ nigsii" ^hi }eai aeb aev si~ysb ybsien eb fb}~sym~fpi cood whfmh hi mebbo~ egefb

oc~efb* fb osnis bo~ ~o af}} e hyb~4 hi aev ni{es~ fb ~hi afn}~ o` e `fbi }{iimh* fb osnis bo~ ~o

ci je~i òs nfbbis4 hi aev jiepi e se~fobej mobpis}e~fob* }ymh e} hi o~hiswf}i pejyi} hfghjv* ~o

~edi hf} {jemi e~ ~hi geafbg!~ecji4 hi aev ipib si{yj}i e {oos aeb whoa hi e~ o~his ~fai}

~edi} {jie}ysi fb cibi`f~fbg* cimey}i hi he} objv ly}~ iboygh aobiv fb hf} {omdi~ ~o {ev òs

hf} enaf}}fob ~o ~hi ~hie~si" F` ~hi ni~isafbe~fob o` hf} wfjj si}~} ob ~hi ìijfbg o` ~hi

egsiiecjibi}} os nf}egsiiecjibi}} ~he~ hi ix{im~} `soa ebv mey}i* f~ f} ejj ~hi }eai ~o hfa cvwhe~ }os~ o` fnie} hi wfjj ci e`ìm~in"

^hi objv ~hfbg ~he~ mobmisb} hfa* fb osnis ~o nimfni hf} mhofmi* f}* how gsie~* how jobg

mob~fbyin* how ie}fjv oc~efbin* ebn how o`~ib si{ie~in* ~hf} egsiiecjibi}} f}" ly}~ e} ~o ~hi

aeb who web~} aobiv ~o }{ibn* f~ f} ejj ~hi }eai whi~his ~hi gojn we} nyg oy~ o` ~hi

aoyb~efb os we}hin oy~ o` ~hi }ebn* {sopfnin f~ f} ipisvwhisi emmi{~in e~ ~hi }eai pejyi4 }o

~hi aeb who mesi} objv òs ~hi iblovaib~ o` jfì noi} bo~ e}d whi~his ~hi fnie} esi o` ~hi

ybnis}~ebnfbg os ~hi }ib}i}* cy~ objv how aymh ebn how gsie~ {jie}ysi ~hiv wfjj gfpi òs ~hi

jobgi}~ ~fai" F~ f} objv ~ho}i ~he~ woyjn gjenjv nibv ~o {ysi sie}ob ~hi {owis o` ni~isafbfbg

~hi wfjj* wf~hoy~ ~hi {si}y{{o}f~fob o` ebv ìijfbg* who moyjn nipfe~i }o ès `soa ~hifs owb

ix{o}f~fob e} ~o ni}msfci e} uyf~i hi~isogibioy} whe~ ~hiv hepi ~hia}ijpi} {sipfoy}jv

csoygh~ ybnis obi ebn ~hi }eai {sfbmf{ji" ^hy}* òs ixea{ji* f~ f} oc}ispin ~he~ wi meb `fbn

{jie}ysi fb ~hi aisi ixismf}i o` {owis* fb ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` oys }~sibg~h o` afbn fb

opismoafbg oc}~emji} whfmh esi o{{o}in ~o oys ni}fgb}* fb ~hi myj~ysi o` oys aib~ej ~ejib~}*

i~m"4 ebn wi ly}~jv mejj ~hi}i aosi si`fbin {jie}ysi} ebn iblovaib~}* cimey}i ~hiv esi aosi fb

oys {owis ~heb o~his}4 ~hiv no bo~ wies oy~* cy~ se~his fbmsie}i ~hi me{emf~v òs `ys~his

iblovaib~ o` ~hia* ebn whfji ~hiv nijfgh~ ~hiv e~ ~hi }eai ~fai myj~fpe~i" Cy~ ~o }ev ob ~hf}

emmoyb~ ~he~ ~hiv ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj fb e nf`ìsib~ wev ebn bo~ ~hsoygh }ib}i* whisie} ~hi

{o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi {jie}ysi {si}y{{o}i} e ìijfbg òs f~ fa{jeb~in fb y}* whfmh f} ~hi `fs}~

mobnf~fob o` ~hf} }e~f}èm~fob4 ~hf} f} ly}~ e} whib fgboseb~ {is}ob} ~he~ jfdi ~o neccji fb

ai~e{hv}fm} faegfbi ae~~is }o }yc~ji* }o }y{is}yc~ji ~he~ ~hiv ejao}~ aedi ~hia}ijpi} gfnnv

wf~h f~* ebn ~hib ~hfbd ~he~ fb ~hf} wev ~hiv hepi mobmifpin f~ e} e }{fsf~yej ebn vi~ ix~ibnin cifbg" F` wf~h I{fmysy} wi aedi pfs~yi ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj objv cv aieb} o` ~hi {jie}ysi f~

{soaf}i}* wi mebbo~ e`~iswesn} cjeai hfa òs hojnfbg ~he~ ~hf} {jie}ysi f} o` ~hi }eai dfbn e}

~ho}i o` ~hi moes}i}~ }ib}i}" @os wi hepi bo sie}ob whe~ipis ~o mhesgi hfa wf~h hojnfbg ~he~

~hi fnie} cv whfmh ~hf} ìijfbg f} ixmf~in fb y} cijobg aisijv ~o ~hi confjv }ib}i}" E} ès e}

meb ci moblim~ysin* hi }oygh~ ~hi }oysmi o` aebv o` ~hia fb ~hi y}i o` ~hi hfghis mogbf~fpi

èmyj~v* cy~ ~hf} nfn bo~ {sipib~ hfa* ebn moyjn bo~ {sipib~ hfa* `soa hojnfbg ob ~hi {sfbmf{ji

ecopi }~e~in* ~he~ ~hi {jie}ysi f~}ij` whfmh ~ho}i fb~ijjim~yej fnie} gfpi y}* ebn cv whfmh ejobi

~hiv meb ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj* f} ly}~ o` ~hi }eai dfbn"

Mob}f}~ibmv f} ~hi hfghi}~ ocjfge~fob o` e {hfjo}o{his* ebn vi~ ~hi ao}~ sesijv òybn" ^hi

ebmfib~ Gsiid }mhooj} gfpi y} aosi ixea{ji} o` f~ ~heb wi `fbn fb oys }vbmsi~f}~fm egi* fb

whfmh e mis~efb }hejjow ebn nf}hobi}~ }v}~ia o` moa{soaf}i o` mob~senfm~osv {sfbmf{ji} f}

Faaebyij Deb~< ^HI MSF^FUYI O@ [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB 5=



nipf}in* cimey}i f~ moaaibn} f~}ij` ci~~is ~o e {ycjfm whfmh f} mob~ib~ ~o dbow }oai~hfbg o`

ipisv~hfbg ebn bo~hfbg ~hosoyghjv* }o e} ~o {jie}i ipisv {es~v"

^hi {sfbmf{ji o` {sfpe~i he{{fbi}}* howipis aymh ybnis}~ebnfbg ebn sie}ob aev ci y}in fb

f~* mebbo~ mob~efb ebv o~his ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji} òs ~hi wfjj ~heb ~ho}i whfmh cijobg ~o ~hi

jowis ni}fsi}4 ebn if~his ~hisi esi bo ThfghisQ ni}fsi} e~ ejj* os {ysi sie}ob ay}~ o` f~}ij` ejobi ci {sem~fmej4 ~he~ f}* f~ ay}~ ci ecji ~o ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj cv ~hi aisi òsa o` ~hi {sem~fmej syji

wf~hoy~ }y{{o}fbg ebv ìijfbg* ebn mob}iuyib~jv wf~hoy~ ebv fnie o` ~hi {jie}eb~ os

yb{jie}eb~* whfmh f} ~hi ae~~is o` ~hi ni}fsi* ebn whfmh f} ejwev} eb ia{fsfmej mobnf~fob o`

~hi {sfbmf{ji}" ^hib objv* whib sie}ob o` f~}ij` ni~isafbi} ~hi wfjj (bo~ e} ~hi }ispeb~ o` ~hi

fbmjfbe~fob&* f~ f} siejjv e hfghis ni}fsi ~o whfmh ~he~ whfmh f} {e~hojogfmejjv ni~isafbin f}

}ycosnfbe~i* ebn f} siejjv* ebn ipib }{imf`fmejjv* nf}~fbm~ `soa ~hi je~~is* }o ~he~ ipib ~hi

jfgh~i}~ enafx~ysi o` ~hi ao~fpi} o` ~hi je~~is fa{efs} f~} }~sibg~h ebn }y{isfosf~v4 ly}~ e} fb e

ae~hiae~fmej niaob}~se~fob ~hi jie}~ ia{fsfmej mobnf~fob woyjn nigseni ebn ni}~sov f~} òsmi

ebn pejyi"

Sie}ob* wf~h f~} {sem~fmej jew* ni~isafbi} ~hi wfjj faainfe~ijv* bo~ cv aieb} o` eb

fb~ispibfbg ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi os {efb* bo~ ipib o` {jie}ysi fb ~hi jew f~}ij`* ebn f~ f} objv cimey}i f~ meb* e} {ysi sie}ob* ci {sem~fmej* ~he~ f~ f} {o}}fcji òs f~ ~o ci jigf}je~fpi"

SIAESD FF

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_5 R{esegse{h =9q

ô ci he{{v f} bimi}}esfjv ~hi wf}h o` ipisv `fbf~i se~fobej cifbg* ebn ~hf}* ~hisiòsi* f}

fbipf~ecjv e ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` f~} èmyj~v o` ni}fsi" @os wi esi bo~ fb {o}}i}}fob

osfgfbejjv o` }e~f}èm~fob wf~h oys whoji ixf}~ibmi! e cjf}} whfmh woyjn fa{jv e mob}mfoy}bi}}

o` oys owb fbni{ibnib~ }ij`!}y``fmfibmv ~hf} f} e {socjia fa{o}in y{ob y} cv oys owb `fbf~i

be~ysi* cimey}i wi hepi web~} ebn ~hi}i web~} sigesn ~hi ae~~is o` oys ni}fsi}* ~he~ f}*

}oai~hfbg ~he~ f} sije~fpi ~o e }yclim~fpi ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi os {efb* whfmh ni~isafbi} whe~

wi biin fb osnis ~o ci }e~f}`fin wf~h oys mobnf~fob" Cy~ ly}~ cimey}i ~hf} ae~isfej {sfbmf{ji o`

ni~isafbe~fob meb objv ci ia{fsfmejjv dbowb cv ~hi }yclim~* f~ f} fa{o}}fcji ~o sigesn ~hf}

{socjia e} e jew4 òs e jew cifbg oclim~fpi ay}~ mob~efb ~hi pisv }eai {sfbmf{ji o`

ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj fb ejj me}i} ebn òs ejj se~fobej cifbg}" @os* ej~hoygh ~hi bo~fob o`

he{{fbi}} f} fb ipisv me}i ~hi òybne~fob o` {sem~fmej sije~fob o` ~hi oclim~} ~o ~hi ni}fsi}* vi~

f~ f} objv e gibisej beai òs ~hi }yclim~fpi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji}* ebn ni~isafbi} bo~hfbg

}{imf`fmejjv4 whisie} ~hf} f} whe~ ejobi wi esi mobmisbin wf~h fb ~hf} {sem~fmej {socjia*

whfmh mebbo~ ci }ojpin e~ ejj wf~hoy~ }ymh }{imf`fm ni~isafbe~fob" @os f~ f} ipisv aeb'} owb

}{imfej ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi ebn {efb ~he~ nimfni} fb whe~ hi f} ~o {jemi hf} he{{fbi}}* ebn ipib

fb ~hi }eai }yclim~ ~hf} wfjj pesv wf~h ~hi nf`ìsibmi o` hf} web~} emmosnfbg e} ~hf} ìijfbgmhebgi}* ebn ~hy} e jew whfmh f} }yclim~fpijv bimi}}esv (e} e jew o` be~ysi& f} oclim~fpijv e

pisv mob~fbgib~ {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji* whfmh meb ebn ay}~ ci pisv nf`ìsib~ fb nf`ìsib~ }yclim~}

ebn ~hisiòsi meb bipis `ysbf}h e jew4 }fbmi* fb ~hi ni}fsi òs he{{fbi}} f~ f} bo~ ~hi òsa (o`

mobòsaf~v ~o jew& ~he~ f} nimf}fpi* cy~ }fa{jv ~hi ae~~is* beaijv* whi~his F ea ~o ix{im~

{jie}ysi fb òjjowfbg ~hi jew* ebn how aymh" [sfbmf{ji} o` }ij`!jopi aev* fbniin* mob~efb

ybfpis}ej {simi{~} o` }dfjj (how ~o `fbn aieb} ~o emmoa{jf}h obi'} {ys{o}i&* cy~ fb ~he~ me}i

~hiv esi aisijv ~hiosi~fmej {sfbmf{ji}48 , e}* òs ixea{ji* how hi who woyjn jfdi ~o ie~ csien

}hoyjn mob~sfpi e afjj4 cy~ {sem~fmej {simi{~} òybnin ob ~hia meb bipis ci ybfpis}ej* òs ~hi

8 [so{o}f~fob} whfmh fb ae~hiae~fm} os {hv}fm} esi mejjin {sem~fmej oygh~ {so{isjv ~o ci mejjin ~imhbfmej" @os

~hiv hepi bo~hfbg ~o no wf~h ~hi ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj4 ~hiv objv {ofb~ oy~ how e mis~efb i`ìm~ f} ~o ci {sonymin ebn esi* ~hisiòsi* ly}~ e} ~hiosi~fmej e} ebv {so{o}f~fob} whfmh ix{si}} ~hi mobbim~fob o` e mey}i wf~h

eb i`ìm~" Bow whoipis mhoo}i} ~hi i`ìm~ ay}~ ej}o mhoo}i ~hi mey}i"

Faaebyij Deb~< ^HI MSF^FUYI O@ [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB 5>



ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi ni}fsi f} ce}in ob ~hi ìijfbg {jie}ysi ebn {efb* whfmh meb bipis

ci }y{{o}in ~o ci ybfpis}ejjv nfsim~in ~o ~hi }eai oclim~}"

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_5 R{esegse{h >;q

Ipib }y{{o}fbg* howipis* ~he~ ejj `fbf~i se~fobej cifbg} wisi ~hosoyghjv egsiin e} ~o whe~wisi ~hi oclim~} o` ~hifs ìijfbg} o` {jie}ysi ebn {efb* ebn ej}o e} ~o ~hi aieb} whfmh ~hiv

ay}~ ia{jov ~o e~~efb ~hi obi ebn epofn ~hi o~his4 }~fjj* ~hiv moyjn cv bo aieb} }i~ y{ ~hi

{sfbmf{ji o` }ij`!jopi e} e {sem~fmej jew* òs ~hf} ybebfaf~v f~}ij` woyjn ci objv mob~fbgib~"

^hi {sfbmf{ji o` ni~isafbe~fob woyjn }~fjj ci objv }yclim~fpijv pejfn ebn aisijv ia{fsfmej*

ebn woyjn bo~ {o}}i}} ~hi bimi}}f~v whfmh f} mobmifpin fb ipisv jew* beaijv* eb oclim~fpi

bimi}}f~v esf}fbg `soa e {sfosf gsoybn}4 ybji}}* fbniin* wi hojn ~hf} bimi}}f~v ~o ci bo~ e~ ejj

{sem~fmej* cy~ aisijv {hv}fmej* pf|"* ~he~ oys em~fob f} e} fbipf~ecjv ni~isafbin cv oys

fbmjfbe~fob* e} vewbfbg whib wi }ii o~his} vewb"

F~ woyjn ci ci~~is ~o aefb~efb ~he~ ~hisi esi bo {sem~fmej jew} e~ ejj* cy~ objv moyb}ij} òs ~hi

}ispfmi o` oys ni}fsi}* ~heb ~o sef}i aisijv }yclim~fpi {sfbmf{ji} ~o ~hi sebd o` {sem~fmej jew}*whfmh hepi oclim~fpi bimi}}f~v* ebn bo~ aisijv }yclim~fpi* ebn whfmh ay}~ ci dbowb cv

sie}ob e {sfosf* bo~ cv ix{isfibmi (howipis ia{fsfmejjv ybfpis}ej ~hf} aev ci&" Ipib ~hi syji}

o` mossi}{obnfbg {hiboaibe esi objv mejjin jew} o` be~ysi (i"g"* ~hi aimhebfmej jew}&* whib

wi if~his dbow ~hia siejjv e {sfosf* os (e} fb ~hi me}i o` mhiafmej jew}& }y{{o}i ~he~ ~hiv

woyjn ci dbowb e {sfosf `soa oclim~fpi gsoybn} f` oys fb}fgh~ siemhin `ys~his" Cy~ fb ~hi

me}i o` aisijv }yclim~fpi {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji}* f~ f} ix{si}}jv aeni e mobnf~fob ~he~ ~hiv si}~*

bo~ ob oclim~fpi* cy~ ob }yclim~fpi mobnf~fob} o` mhofmi* ebn hibmi ~he~ ~hiv ay}~ ejwev} ci

si{si}ib~in e} aisi aexfa}* bipis e} {sem~fmej jew}" ^hf} }imobn siaesd }iia} e~ `fs}~ }fgh~

~o ci aisi piscej si`fbiaib~* cy~ f~ ni`fbi} ~hi ~isa} o` ~hi ao}~ fa{os~eb~ nf}~fbm~fob whfmh

meb moai fb~o mob}fnise~fob fb {sem~fmej fbpi}~fge~fob}"

FP" ^HIOSIA FF

E se~fobej cifbg mebbo~ sigesn hf} aexfa} e} {sem~fmej ybfpis}ej jew}* ybji}} hi mobmifpi}

~hia e} {sfbmf{ji} whfmh ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj* bo~ cv ~hifs ae~~is* cy~ cv ~hifs òsa objv"

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_5 R{esegse{h >9q

Cv ~hi ae~~is o` e {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji F aieb ~hi oclim~ o` ~hi wfjj" ^hf} oclim~ f} if~his ~hi

ni~isafbfbg gsoybn o` ~hi wfjj os f~ f} bo~" Fb ~hi òsais me}i ~hi syji o` ~hi wfjj f} }yclim~in

~o eb ia{fsfmej mobnf~fob (pf|"* ~hi sije~fob o` ~hi ni~isafbfbg fnie ~o ~hi ìijfbg o` {jie}ysiebn {efb&* mob}iuyib~jv f~ meb bo~ ci e {sem~fmej jew" Bow* whib wi ec}~sem~ `soa e jew ejj

ae~~is* f"i"* ipisv oclim~ o` ~hi wfjj (e} e ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji&* bo~hfbg f} ji`~ cy~ ~hi aisi

òsa o` e ybfpis}ej jigf}je~fob" ^hisiòsi* if~his e se~fobej cifbg mebbo~ mobmifpi hf}

}yclim~fpi {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji}* ~he~ f}* hf} aexfa}* e} cifbg e~ ~hi }eai ~fai ybfpis}ej jew}*

os hi ay}~ }y{{o}i ~he~ ~hifs aisi òsa* cv whfmh ~hiv esi `f~~in òs ybfpis}ej jigf}je~fob* f}

ejobi whe~ aedi} ~hia {sem~fmej jew}"

SIAESD

^hi moaaobi}~ ybnis}~ebnfbg meb nf}~fbgyf}h wf~hoy~ fb}~sym~fob whe~ òsa o` aexfa f}

ene{~in òs ybfpis}ej jigf}je~fob* ebn whe~ f} bo~"




]y{{o}i* òs ixea{ji* ~he~ F hepi aeni f~ av aexfa ~o fbmsie}i av òs~ybi cv ipisv }eì

aieb}" Bow* F hepi e ni{o}f~ fb av hebn}* ~hi owbis o` whfmh f} nien ebn he} ji`~ bo wsf~fbg

ecoy~ f~" ^hf} f} ly}~ ~hi me}i òs av aexfa" F ni}fsi ~hib ~o dbow whi~his ~he~ aexfa meb

ej}o cojn goon e} e ybfpis}ej {sem~fmej jew" F e{{jv f~* ~hisiòsi* ~o ~hi {si}ib~ me}i* ebn e}d

whi~his f~ moyjn ~edi ~hi òsa o` e jew* ebn mob}iuyib~jv whi~his F meb cv av aexfa e~ ~hi

}eai ~fai gfpi }ymh e jew e} ~hf}* ~he~ ipisvobi aev nibv e ni{o}f~ o` whfmh bo obi meb {sonymi e {soo`" F e~ obmi cimoai ewesi ~he~ }ymh e {sfbmf{ji* pfiwin e} e jew* woyjn

ebbfhfje~i f~}ij`* cimey}i ~hi si}yj~ woyjn ci ~he~ ~hisi woyjn ci bo ni{o}f~}" E {sem~fmej jew

whfmh F simogbf}i e} }ymh ay}~ ci uyejf`fin òs ybfpis}ej jigf}je~fob4 ~hf} f} eb fnib~fmej

{so{o}f~fob ebn* ~hisiòsi* }ij`!ipfnib~" Bow* f` F }ev ~he~ av wfjj f} }yclim~ ~o e {sem~fmej jew*

F mebbo~ ennymi av fbmjfbe~fob (i"g"* fb ~hi {si}ib~ me}i av epesfmi& e} e {sfbmf{ji o`

ni~isafbe~fob `f~~in ~o ci e ybfpis}ej {sem~fmej jew4 òs ~hf} f} }o ès `soa cifbg `f~~in òs e

ybfpis}ej jigf}je~fob ~he~* f` {y~ fb ~hi òsa o` e ybfpis}ej jew* f~ woyjn ni}~sov f~}ij`"


F~ f}* ~hisiòsi* }ys{sf}fbg ~he~ fb~ijjfgib~ aib moyjn hepi ~hoygh~ o` mejjfbg ~hi ni}fsi o` he{{fbi}} e ybfpis}ej {sem~fmej jew ob ~hi gsoybn ~he~ ~hi ni}fsi f} ybfpis}ej* ebn* ~hisiòsi*

ej}o ~hi aexfa cv whfmh ipisvobi aedi} ~hf} ni}fsi ni~isafbi hf} wfjj" @os whisie} fb o~his

me}i} e ybfpis}ej jew o` be~ysi aedi} ipisv~hfbg hesaobfoy}4 hisi* ob ~hi mob~sesv* f` wi

e~~sfcy~i ~o ~hi aexfa ~hi ybfpis}ejf~v o` e jew* ~hi ix~siai o{{o}f~i o` hesaobv wfjj òjjow*

~hi gsie~i}~ o{{o}f~fob ebn ~hi moa{ji~i ni}~sym~fob o` ~hi aexfa f~}ij` ebn f~} {ys{o}i" @os*

fb ~he~ me}i* ~hi wfjj o` ejj he} bo~ obi ebn ~hi }eai oclim~* cy~ ipisvobi he} hf} owb (hf}

{sfpe~i wijèsi&* whfmh aev emmfnib~ejjv emmosn wf~h ~hi {ys{o}i} o` o~his} whfmh esi iuyejjv

}ij`f}h* cy~ f~ f} ès `soa }y``fmfbg òs e jew4 cimey}i ~hi omme}fobej ixmi{~fob} whfmh obi f}

{isaf~~in ~o aedi esi ibnji}}* ebn mebbo~ ci ni`fbf~ijv iacsemin fb obi ybfpis}ej syji" Fb ~hf}

aebbis* ~hib* si}yj~} e hesaobv jfdi ~he~ whfmh e mis~efb }e~fsfmej {oia ni{fm~} e} ixf}~fbg

ci~wiib e aessfin moy{ji cib~ ob gofbg ~o syfb* #O* aespijjoy} hesaobv* whe~ hi wf}hi}* }hi

wf}hi} ej}o#4 os jfdi whe~ f} }efn o` ~hi {jingi o` @sebmf} F ~o ~hi Ia{isos Mhesji} P* #Whe~

av cso~his Mhesji} wf}hi} ~he~ F wf}h ej}o# (pf|"* Afjeb&"

Ia{fsfmej {sfbmf{ji} o` ni~isafbe~fob esi bo~ `f~ òs ebv ybfpis}ej ix~isbej jigf}je~fob* cy~ ly}~

e} jf~~ji òs fb~isbej4 òs iemh aeb aedi} hf} owb }yclim~ ~hi òybne~fob o` hf} fbmjfbe~fob* ebn

fb ~hi }eai }yclim~ }oai~fai} obi fbmjfbe~fob* }oai~fai} ebo~his* he} ~hi {si{obnisebmi" ô

nf}mopis e jew whfmh woyjn gopisb ~hia ejj ybnis ~hf} mobnf~fob* beaijv* csfbgfbg ~hia ejj

fb~o hesaobv* f} uyf~i fa{o}}fcji"

P" [SOCJIA F

]y{{o}fbg ~he~ ~hi aisi jigf}je~fpi òsa o` aexfa} f} ejobi ~hi }y``fmfib~ ni~isafbfbg

{sfbmf{ji o` e wfjj* ~o `fbn ~hi be~ysi o` ~hi wfjj whfmh meb ci ni~isafbin cv f~ ejobi"


]fbmi ~hi cesi òsa o` ~hi jew meb objv ci mobmifpin cv sie}ob* ebn f}* ~hisiòsi* bo~ eb

oclim~ o` ~hi }ib}i}* ebn mob}iuyib~jv noi} bo~ cijobg ~o ~hi mje}} o` {hiboaibe* f~ òjjow}

~he~ ~hi fnie o` f~* whfmh ni~isafbi} ~hi wfjj* f} nf}~fbm~ `soa ejj ~hi {sfbmf{ji} ~he~ ni~isafbi

ipib~} fb be~ysi emmosnfbg ~o ~hi jew o` mey}ejf~v* cimey}i fb ~hifs me}i ~hi ni~isafbfbg

{sfbmf{ji} ay}~ ~hia}ijpi} ci {hiboaibe" Bow* f` bo o~his ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji meb }ispie} e jew òs ~hi wfjj ixmi{~ ~he~ ybfpis}ej jigf}je~fpi òsa* }ymh e wfjj ay}~ ci mobmifpin e}




uyf~i fbni{ibnib~ o` ~hi be~ysej jew o` {hiboaibe fb ~hifs ay~yej sije~fob* beaijv* ~hi jew o`

mey}ejf~v4 }ymh fbni{ibnibmi f} mejjin `siinoa fb ~hi }~sfm~i}~* ~he~ f}* fb ~hi ~seb}mibnib~ej*

}ib}i4 mob}iuyib~jv* e wfjj whfmh meb hepi f~} jew fb bo~hfbg cy~ ~hi aisi jigf}je~fpi òsa o`

~hi aexfa f} e `sii wfjj"

PF" [SOCJIA FF

]y{{o}fbg ~he~ e wfjj f} `sii* ~o `fbn ~hi jew whfmh ejobi f} moa{i~ib~ ~o ni~isafbi f~

bimi}}esfjv"


]fbmi ~hi ae~~is o` ~hi {sem~fmej jew* f"i"* eb oclim~ o` ~hi aexfa* meb bipis ci gfpib

o~hiswf}i ~heb ia{fsfmejjv* ebn ~hi `sii wfjj f} fbni{ibnib~ ob ia{fsfmej mobnf~fob} (~he~ f}*

mobnf~fob} cijobgfbg ~o ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i& ebn vi~ f} ni~isafbecji* mob}iuyib~jv e `sii wfjj

ay}~ `fbn f~} {sfbmf{ji o` ni~isafbe~fob fb ~hi jew* ebn vi~ fbni{ibnib~jv o` ~hi ae~~is o` ~hijew" Cy~* ci}fni} ~hi ae~~is o` ~hi jew* bo~hfbg f} mob~efbin fb f~ ixmi{~ ~hi jigf}je~fpi òsa" F~

f} ~hi jigf}je~fpi òsa* ~hib* mob~efbin fb ~hi aexfa* whfmh meb ejobi mob}~f~y~i e {sfbmf{ji o`

ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi T`siiQ wfjj"

SIAESD

^hy} `siinoa ebn eb ybmobnf~fobej {sem~fmej jew simf{somejjv fa{jv emh o~his" Bow F no bo~

e}d hisi whi~his ~hiv esi fb èm~ nf}~fbm~* os whi~his eb ybmobnf~fobin jew f} bo~ se~his

aisijv ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` e {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob ebn ~hi je~~is fnib~fmej wf~h ~hi {o}f~fpi

mobmi{~ o` `siinoa4 F objv e}d* whibmi cigfb} oys dbowjingi o` ~hi ybmobnf~fobejjv {sem~fmej* whi~his f~ f} `soa `siinoa os `soa ~hi {sem~fmej jew? Bow f~ mebbo~ cigfb `soa

`siinoa* òs o` ~hf} wi mebbo~ ci faainfe~ijv mob}mfoy}* }fbmi ~hi `fs}~ mobmi{~ o` f~ f}

bige~fpi4 bos meb wi fbìs f~ `soa ix{isfibmi* òs ix{isfibmi gfpi} y} ~hi dbowjingi objv o`

~hi jew o` {hiboaibe* ebn hibmi o` ~hi aimhebf}a o` be~ysi* ~hi nfsim~ o{{o}f~i o` `siinoa"

F~ f} ~hisiòsi ~hi aosej jew* o` whfmh wi cimoai nfsim~jv mob}mfoy} (e} }oob e} wi ~semi òs

oys}ijpi} aexfa} o` ~hi wfjj&* ~he~ `fs}~ {si}ib~} f~}ij` ~o y}* ebn jien} nfsim~jv ~o ~hi mobmi{~

o` `siinoa* fbe}aymh e} sie}ob {si}ib~} f~ e} e {sfbmf{ji o` ni~isafbe~fob bo~ ~o ci

oy~wifghin cv ebv }ib}fcji mobnf~fob}* bev* whojjv fbni{ibnib~ o` ~hia" Cy~ how f} ~hi

mob}mfoy}bi}}* o` ~he~ aosej jew {o}}fcji? Wi meb cimoai mob}mfoy} o` {ysi {sem~fmej jew}

ly}~ e} wi esi mob}mfoy} o` {ysi ~hiosi~fmej {sfbmf{ji}* cv e~~ibnfbg ~o ~hi bimi}}f~v wf~h

whfmh sie}ob {si}msfci} ~hia ebn ~o ~hi ijfafbe~fob o` ejj ia{fsfmej mobnf~fob}* whfmh f~nfsim~}" ^hi mobmi{~ o` e {ysi wfjj esf}i} oy~ o` ~hi òsais* e} ~he~ o` e {ysi ybnis}~ebnfbg

esf}i} oy~ o` ~hi je~~is" ^he~ ~hf} f} ~hi ~syi }ycosnfbe~fob o` oys mobmi{~}* ebn ~he~ f~ f}

aosejf~v ~he~ `fs}~ nf}mopis} ~o y} ~hi bo~fob o` `siinoa* hibmi ~he~ f~ f} {sem~fmej sie}ob

whfmh* wf~h ~hf} mobmi{~* `fs}~ {so{o}i} ~o }{imyje~fpi sie}ob ~hi ao}~ fb}ojycji {socjia*

~hisicv {jemfbg f~ fb ~hi gsie~i}~ {is{jixf~v* f} ipfnib~ `soa ~hi òjjowfbg mob}fnise~fob< ]fbmi

bo~hfbg fb {hiboaibe meb ci ix{jefbin cv ~hi mobmi{~ o` `siinoa* cy~ ~hi aimhebf}a o`

be~ysi ay}~ mob}~f~y~i ~hi objv mjyi4 aosiopis* whib {ysi sie}ob ~sfi} ~o e}mibn fb ~hi }isfi}

o` mey}i} ~o ~hi ybmobnf~fobin* f~ èjj} fb~o eb eb~fboav whfmh f} ib~ebgjin fb

fbmoa{sihib}fcfjf~fi} ob ~hi obi }fni e} aymh e} ~hi o~his4 whfj}~ ~hi je~~is (beaijv*

aimhebf}a& f} e~ jie}~ y}i`yj fb ~hi ix{jebe~fob o` {hiboaibe* ~hisiòsi bo obi woyjn ipis

hepi ciib }o se}h e} ~o fb~sonymi `siinoa fb~o }mfibmi* hen bo~ ~hi aosej jew* ebn wf~h f~ {sem~fmej sie}ob* moai fb ebn òsmin ~hf} bo~fob y{ob y}" Ix{isfibmi* howipis* mob`fsa} ~hf}




osnis o` bo~fob}" ]y{{o}i }oai obi e}}is~} o` hf} jy}~`yj e{{i~f~i ~he~* whib ~hi ni}fsin oclim~

ebn ~hi o{{os~ybf~v esi {si}ib~* f~ f} uyf~i fssi}f}~fcji" TE}d hfaQ! f` e gejjow} wisi isim~in

ciòsi ~hi hoy}i whisi hi `fbn} ~hf} o{{os~ybf~v* fb osnis ~he~ hi }hoyjn ci hebgin ~hisiob

faainfe~ijv e`~is ~hi gse~f`fme~fob o` hf} jy}~* whi~his hi moyjn bo~ ~hib mob~soj hf} {e}}fob4

wi biin bo~ ci jobg fb noyc~ whe~ hi woyjn si{jv" E}d hfa* howipis! f` hf} }opisifgb

osnisin hfa* ob {efb o` ~hi }eai faainfe~i iximy~fob* ~o cies èj}i wf~bi}} egefb}~ ebhoboysecji aeb* whoa ~hi {sfbmi afgh~ wf}h ~o ni}~sov ybnis e {jey}fcji {si~ix~* woyjn hi

mob}fnis f~ {o}}fcji fb ~he~ me}i ~o opismoai hf} jopi o` jfì* howipis gsie~ f~ aev ci" Hi

woyjn {ishe{} bo~ pib~ysi ~o e``fsa whi~his hi woyjn no }o os bo~* cy~ hi ay}~

ybhi}f~e~fbgjv enaf~ ~he~ f~ f} {o}}fcji ~o no }o" Hi lyngi}* ~hisiòsi* ~he~ hi meb no e mis~efb

~hfbg cimey}i hi f} mob}mfoy} ~he~ hi oygh~* ebn hi simogbf|i} ~he~ hi f} `sii! e èm~ whfmh cy~

òs ~hi aosej jew hi woyjn bipis hepi dbowb"


PFF" @YBNEAIBÊJ JEW O@ ^HI [YSI [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB

Em~ }o ~he~ ~hi aexfa o` ~hv wfjj meb ejwev} e~ ~hi }eai ~fai hojn goon e} e {sfbmf{ji o`

ybfpis}ej jigf}je~fob"


SIAESD

[ysi gioai~sv he} {o}~yje~i} whfmh esi {sem~fmej {so{o}f~fob}* cy~ mob~efb bo~hfbg `ys~his

~heb ~hi e}}ya{~fob ~he~ wi meb no }oai~hfbg f` f~ f} siuyfsin ~he~ wi }hoyjn no f~* ebn ~hi}i

esi ~hi objv gioai~sfmej {so{o}f~fob} ~he~ mobmisb em~yej ixf}~ibmi" ^hiv esi* ~hib* {sem~fmej

syji} ybnis e {socjiae~fmej mobnf~fob o` ~hi wfjj4 cy~ hisi ~hi syji }ev}< Wi ec}ojy~ijv ay}~

{somiin fb e mis~efb aebbis"

^hi {sem~fmej syji f}* ~hisiòsi* ybmobnf~fobej* ebn hibmi f~ f} mobmifpin e {sfosf e} e

me~igosfmejjv {sem~fmej {so{o}f~fob cv whfmh ~hi wfjj f} oclim~fpijv ni~isafbin ec}ojy~ijv ebn

faainfe~ijv (cv ~hi {sem~fmej syji f~}ij`* whfmh ~hy} f} fb ~hf} me}i e jew&4 òs {ysi sie}ob

{sem~fmej o` f~}ij` f} hisi nfsim~jv jigf}je~fpi" ^hi wfjj f} ~hoygh~ e} fbni{ibnib~ ob ia{fsfmej

mobnf~fob}* ebn* ~hisiòsi* e} {ysi wfjj ni~isafbin cv ~hi aisi òsa o` ~hi jew* ebn ~hf}

{sfbmf{ji o` ni~isafbe~fob f} sigesnin e} ~hi }y{siai mobnf~fob o` ejj aexfa}"^hi ~hfbg f} }~sebgi iboygh* ebn he} bo {esejjij fb ejj ~hi si}~ o` oys {sem~fmej dbowjingi" @os

~hi e {sfosf ~hoygh~ o` e {o}}fcji ybfpis}ej jigf}je~fob whfmh f} ~hisiòsi aisijv

{socjiae~fmej* f} ybmobnf~fobejjv moaaebnin e} e jew wf~hoy~ cossowfbg ebv~hfbg `soa

ix{isfibmi os `soa ebv ix~isbej wfjj" ^hf}* howipis* f} bo~ e {simi{~ ~o no }oai~hfbg cv

whfmh }oai ni}fsin i`ìm~ meb ci e~~efbin (òs ~hib ~hi wfjj woyjn ni{ibn ob {hv}fmej

mobnf~fob}&* cy~ e syji ~he~ ni~isafbi} ~hi wfjj e {sfosf objv }o ès e} sigesn} ~hi òsa} o` f~}

aexfa}4 ebn ~hy} f~ f} e~ jie}~ bo~ fa{o}}fcji ~o mobmifpi ~he~ e jew* whfmh objv e{{jfi} ~o ~hi

}yclim~fpi òsa o` {sfbmf{ji}* vi~ }ispi} e} e {sfbmf{ji o` ni~isafbe~fob cv aieb} o` ~hi

oclim~fpi òsa o` jew fb gibisej" Wi aev mejj ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` ~hf} `ybneaib~ej jew e

èm~ o` sie}ob* cimey}i wi mebbo~ sie}ob f~ oy~ `soa eb~iminib~ ne~e o` sie}ob* i"g"* ~hi

mob}mfoy}bi}} o` `siinoa (òs ~hf} f} bo~ eb~iminib~jv gfpib&* cy~ f~ òsmi} f~}ij` ob y} e} e}vb~hi~fm e {sfosf {so{o}f~fob* whfmh f} bo~ ce}in ob ebv fb~yf~fob* if~his {ysi os ia{fsfmej" F~




woyjn* fbniin* ci ebejv~fmej f` ~hi `siinoa o` ~hi wfjj wisi {si}y{{o}in* cy~ ~o {si}y{{o}i

`siinoa e} e {o}f~fpi mobmi{~ woyjn siuyfsi eb fb~ijjim~yej fb~yf~fob* whfmh mebbo~ hisi ci

e}}yain4 howipis* whib wi sigesn ~hf} jew e} gfpib* f~ ay}~ ci oc}ispin* fb osnis bo~ ~o èjj

fb~o ebv af}mobmi{~fob* ~he~ f~ f} bo~ eb ia{fsfmej èm~* cy~ ~hi }oji èm~ o` ~hi {ysi sie}ob*

whfmh ~hisicv ebboybmi} f~}ij` e} osfgfbejjv jigf}je~fpi (}fm pojo* }fm lycio&"

MOSOJJESV


[ysi sie}ob f} {sem~fmej o` f~}ij` ejobi ebn gfpi} (~o aeb& e ybfpis}ej jew whfmh wi mejj ~hi

aosej jew"

SIAESD


^hi èm~ ly}~ aib~fobin f} ybnibfecji" F~ f} objv bimi}}esv ~o ebejv}i ~hi lyngiaib~ ~he~ aib

{e}} ob ~hi jew`yjbi}} o` ~hifs em~fob}* fb osnis ~o `fbn ~he~* whe~ipis fbmjfbe~fob aev }ev ~o

~hi mob~sesv* sie}ob* fbmossy{~fcji ebn }ij`mob}~sefbin* ejwev} mob`sob~} ~hi aexfa o` ~hi wfjj

fb ebv em~fob wf~h ~hi {ysi wfjj* ~he~ f}* wf~h f~}ij`* mob}fnisfbg f~}ij` e} e {sfosf {sem~fmej"

Bow ~hf} {sfbmf{ji o` aosejf~v* ly}~ ob emmoyb~ o` ~hi ybfpis}ejf~v o` ~hi jigf}je~fob whfmh

aedi} f~ ~hi òsaej }y{siai ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj* wf~hoy~ sigesn ~o ebv

}yclim~fpi nf`ìsib~i}* f} nimjesin cv ~hi sie}ob ~o ci e jew òs ejj se~fobej cifbg}* fb }o ès e}

~hiv hepi e wfjj* ~he~ f}* e {owis ~o ni~isafbi ~hifs mey}ejf~v cv ~hi mobmi{~fob o` syji}4 ebn*

~hisiòsi* }o ès e} ~hiv esi me{ecji o` em~fbg emmosnfbg ~o {sfbmf{ji}* ebn mob}iuyib~jv ej}o

emmosnfbg ~o {sem~fmej e {sfosf {sfbmf{ji} (òs ~hi}i ejobi hepi ~hi bimi}}f~v ~he~ sie}ob

siuyfsi} fb e {sfbmf{ji&" F~ f}* ~hisiòsi* bo~ jfaf~in ~o aib objv* cy~ e{{jfi} ~o ejj `fbf~i cifbg}

~he~ {o}}i}} sie}ob ebn wfjj4 bev* f~ ipib fbmjyni} ~hi Fb`fbf~i Cifbg e} ~hi }y{siai

fb~ijjfgibmi" Fb ~hi òsais me}i* howipis* ~hi jew he} ~hi òsa o` eb fa{ise~fpi* cimey}i fb

~hia* e} se~fobej cifbg}* wi meb }y{{o}i e {ysi wfjj* cy~ cifbg msie~ysi} e`ìm~in wf~h web~}

ebn {hv}fmej ao~fpi}* bo~ e hojv wfjj* ~he~ f}* obi whfmh woyjn ci fbme{ecji o` ebv aexfa

mob`jfm~fbg wf~h ~hi aosej jew" Fb ~hifs me}i* ~hisiòsi* ~hi aosej jew f} eb fa{ise~fpi* whfmh

moaaebn} me~igosfmejjv* cimey}i ~hi jew f} ybmobnf~fobin4 ~hi sije~fob o` }ymh e wfjj ~o ~hf}jew f} ni{ibnibmi ybnis ~hi beai o` ocjfge~fob* whfmh fa{jfi} e mob}~sefb~ ~o eb em~fob*

~hoygh objv cv sie}ob ebn f~} oclim~fpi jew4 ebn ~hf} em~fob f} mejjin ny~v* cimey}i eb ijim~fpi

wfjj* }yclim~ ~o {e~hojogfmej e`ìm~fob} (~hoygh bo~ ni~isafbin cv ~hia* ebn* ~hisiòsi* }~fjj

`sii&* fa{jfi} e wf}h ~he~ esf}i} `soa }yclim~fpi mey}i} ebn* ~hisiòsi* aev o`~ib ci o{{o}in

~o ~hi {ysi oclim~fpi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji4 whibmi f~ siuyfsi} ~hi aosej mob}~sefb~ o` e

si}f}~ebmi o` ~hi {sem~fmej sie}ob* whfmh aev ci mejjin eb fb~isbej* cy~ fb~ijjim~yej*

moa{yj}fob" Fb ~hi }y{siai fb~ijjfgibmi ~hi ijim~fpi wfjj f} sfgh~jv mobmifpin e} fbme{ecji o`

ebv aexfa whfmh moyjn bo~ e~ ~hi }eai ~fai ci oclim~fpijv e jew4 ebn ~hi bo~fob o` hojfbi}}*

whfmh ob ~he~ emmoyb~ cijobg} ~o f~* {jemi} f~* bo~ fbniin ecopi ejj {sem~fmej jew}* cy~ ecopi

ejj {sem~fmejjv si}~sfm~fpi jew}* ebn mob}iuyib~jv ecopi ocjfge~fob ebn ny~v" ^hf} hojfbi}} o`

wfjj f}* howipis* e {sem~fmej fnie* whfmh ay}~ bimi}}esfjv }ispi e} e ~v{i ~o whfmh `fbf~ise~fobej cifbg} meb objv e{{soxfae~i fbni`fbf~ijv* ebn whfmh ~hi {ysi aosej jew* whfmh f}




f~}ij` ob ~hf} emmoyb~ mejjin hojv* mob}~eb~jv ebn sfgh~jv hojn} ciòsi ~hifs ivi}" ^hi y~ao}~

~he~ `fbf~i {sem~fmej sie}ob meb i`ìm~ f} ~o ci mis~efb o` ~hf} fbni`fbf~i {sogsi}} o` obi'}

aexfa} ebn o` ~hifs }~ienv nf}{o}f~fob ~o enpebmi"

^hf} f} pfs~yi* ebn pfs~yi* e~ jie}~ e} e be~ysejjv emuyfsin èmyj~v* meb bipis ci {isìm~* cimey}i

e}}ysebmi fb }ymh e me}i bipis cimoai} e{onifm~fm mis~efb~v ebn* whib f~ objv eaoyb~} ~o {is}ye}fob* f} pisv nebgisoy}"

PFFF" ^HIOSIA FP

^hi ey~oboav o` ~hi wfjj f} ~hi }oji {sfbmf{ji o` ejj aosej jew} ebn o` ejj ny~fi} whfmh

mobòsa ~o ~hia4 ob ~hi o~his hebn* hi~isoboav o` ~hi ijim~fpi wfjj bo~ objv mebbo~ ci ~hi

ce}f} o` ebv ocjfge~fob* cy~ f}* ob ~hi mob~sesv* o{{o}in ~o ~hi {sfbmf{ji ~hisio` ebn ~o ~hi

aosejf~v o` ~hi wfjj"


Fb èm~ ~hi }oji {sfbmf{ji o` aosejf~v mob}f}~} fb ~hi fbni{ibnibmi ob ejj ae~~is o` ~hi jew

(beaijv* e ni}fsin oclim~&* ebn fb ~hi ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi ijim~fpi wfjj cv ~hi aisi ybfpis}ej

jigf}je~fpi òsa o` whfmh f~} aexfa ay}~ ci me{ecji" Bow ~hf} fbni{ibnibmi f} `siinoa fb

~hi bige~fpi }ib}i* ebn ~hf} }ij`!jigf}je~fob o` ~hi {ysi* ebn ~hisiòsi {sem~fmej* sie}ob f}

`siinoa fb ~hi {o}f~fpi }ib}i" ^hy} ~hi aosej jew ix{si}}i} bo~hfbg ij}i ~heb ~hi ey~oboav

o` ~hi {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob4 ~he~ f}* `siinoa4 ebn ~hf} f} f~}ij` ~hi òsaej mobnf~fob o` ejj

aexfa}* ebn ob ~hf} mobnf~fob objv meb ~hiv egsii wf~h ~hi }y{siai {sem~fmej jew" F` ~hisiòsi

~hi ae~~is o` ~hi pojf~fob* whfmh meb ci bo~hfbg ij}i ~heb ~hi oclim~ o` e ni}fsi ~he~ f}mobbim~in wf~h ~hi jew* ib~is} fb~o ~hi {sem~fmej jew* e} ~hi mobnf~fob o` f~} {o}}fcfjf~v* ~hisi

si}yj~} hi~isoboav o` ~hi ijim~fpi wfjj* beaijv* ni{ibnibmi ob ~hi {hv}fmej jew ~he~ wi

}hoyjn òjjow }oai fa{yj}i os fbmjfbe~fob" Fb ~he~ me}i ~hi wfjj noi} bo~ gfpi f~}ij` ~hi jew*

cy~ objv ~hi {simi{~ how se~fobejjv ~o òjjow {e~hojogfmej jew4 ebn ~hi aexfa whfmh* fb }ymh

e me}i* bipis mob~efb} ~hi ybfpis}ejjv jigf}je~fpi òsa* bo~ objv {sonymi} bo ocjfge~fob* cy~ f}

f~}ij` o{{o}in ~o ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` e {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob ebn* ~hisiòsi* ej}o ~o ~hi aosej

nf}{o}f~fob* ipib ~hoygh ~hi si}yj~fbg em~fob aev ci mobòsaecji ~o ~hi jew"

SIAESD

Hibmi e {sem~fmej {simi{~* whfmh mob~efb} e ae~isfej (ebn ~hisiòsi ia{fsfmej& mobnf~fob* ay}~bipis ci simdobin e {sem~fmej jew" @os ~hi jew o` ~hi {ysi wfjj* whfmh f} `sii* csfbg} ~hi wfjj

fb~o e }{hisi uyf~i nf`ìsib~ `soa ~hi ia{fsfmej4 ebn e} ~hi bimi}}f~v fbpojpin fb ~hi jew f} bo~

e {hv}fmej bimi}}f~v* f~ meb objv mob}f}~ fb ~hi òsaej mobnf~fob} o` ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` e jew fb

gibisej" Ejj ~hi ae~~is o` {sem~fmej syji} si}~} ob }yclim~fpi mobnf~fob}* whfmh gfpi ~hia objv

e mobnf~fobej ybfpis}ejf~v (fb me}i F ni}fsi ~hf} os ~he~* whe~ F ay}~ no fb osnis ~o oc~efb f~&*

ebn ~hiv ejj ~ysb ob ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` {sfpe~i he{{fbi}}" Bow* f~ f} fbniin ybnibfecji ~he~ ipisv

pojf~fob ay}~ hepi eb oclim~* ebn ~hisiòsi e ae~~is4 cy~ f~ noi} bo~ òjjow ~he~ ~hf} f} ~hi

ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji ebn ~hi mobnf~fob o` ~hi aexfa4 òs* f` f~ f} }o* ~hib ~hf} mebbo~ ci

ixhfcf~in fb e ybfpis}ejjv jigf}je~fpi òsa* }fbmi fb ~he~ me}i ~hi ix{im~e~fob o` ~hi ixf}~ibmi

o` ~hi oclim~ woyjn ci ~hi ni~isafbfbg mey}i o` ~hi mhofmi* ebn ~hi pojf~fob ay}~ {si}y{{o}i

~hi ni{ibnibmi o` ~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi ob ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` }oai~hfbg4 cy~ ~hf} ni{ibnibmi meb

objv ci }oygh~ fb ia{fsfmej mobnf~fob} ebn* ~hisiòsi* meb bipis `ysbf}h e òybne~fob òs e




bimi}}esv ebn ybfpis}ej syji" ^hy}* ~hi he{{fbi}} o` o~his} aev ci ~hi oclim~ o` ~hi wfjj o` e

se~fobej cifbg" Cy~ f` f~ wisi ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi aexfa* wi ay}~ e}}yai ~he~ wi

`fbn bo~ objv e se~fobej }e~f}èm~fob fb ~hi wijèsi o` o~his}* cy~ ej}o e web~ }ymh e} ~hi

}va{e~hi~fm nf}{o}f~fob fb }oai aib omme}fob}" Cy~ F mebbo~ e}}yai ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hf}

web~ fb ipisv se~fobej cifbg (bo~ e~ ejj fb Gon&"

^hi ae~~is* ~hib* o` ~hi aexfa aev siaefb* cy~ f~ ay}~ bo~ ci ~hi mobnf~fob o` f~* ij}i ~hi

aexfa moyjn bo~ ci `f~ òs e jew" Hibmi* ~hi aisi òsa o` jew* whfmh jfaf~} ~hi ae~~is* ay}~

ej}o ci e sie}ob òs ennfbg ~hf} ae~~is ~o ~hi wfjj* bo~ òs {si}y{{o}fbg f~" @os ixea{ji* ji~ ~hi

ae~~is ci av owb he{{fbi}}" ^hf} (syji&* f` F e~~sfcy~i f~ ~o ipisvobi (e}* fb èm~* F aev* fb ~hi

me}i o` ipisv `fbf~i cifbg&* meb cimoai eb oclim~fpi {sem~fmej jew objv f` F fbmjyni ~hi

he{{fbi}} o` o~his}" ^hisiòsi* ~hi jew ~he~ wi }hoyjn {soao~i ~hi he{{fbi}} o` o~his} noi}

bo~ esf}i `soa ~hi e}}ya{~fob ~he~ ~hf} f} eb oclim~ o` ipisvobi'} mhofmi* cy~ aisijv `soa ~hf}*

~he~ ~hi òsa o` ybfpis}ejf~v whfmh sie}ob siuyfsi} e} ~hi mobnf~fob o` gfpfbg ~o e aexfa o`

}ij`!jopi ~hi oclim~fpi pejfnf~v o` e jew f} ~hi {sfbmf{ji ~he~ ni~isafbi} ~hi wfjj" ^hisiòsi f~

we} bo~ ~hi oclim~ (~hi he{{fbi}} o` o~his}& ~he~ ni~isafbin ~hi {ysi wfjj* cy~ f~ we} ~hi òsa

o` jew objv* cv whfmh F si}~sfm~in av aexfa* òybnin ob fbmjfbe~fob* }o e} ~o gfpi f~ ~hiybfpis}ejf~v o` e jew* ebn ~hy} ~o ene{~ f~ ~o ~hi {sem~fmej sie}ob4 ebn f~ f} ~hf} si}~sfm~fob ejobi*

ebn bo~ ~hi ennf~fob o` eb ix~isbej }{sfbg* ~he~ meb gfpi sf}i ~o ~hi bo~fob o` ~hi ocjfge~fob ~o

ix~ibn ~hi aexfa o` av }ij`!jopi ~o ~hi he{{fbi}} o` o~his}"


SIAESD FF

^hi nfsim~ o{{o}f~i o` ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` aosejf~v f}* whib ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` {sfpe~i he{{fbi}} f}

aeni ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj* ebn wf~h ~hf} f} ~o ci simdobin* e} F hepi }howb

ecopi* ipisv~hfbg ~he~ {jemi} ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji whfmh f} ~o }ispi e} e jew* ebvwhisi

cy~ fb ~hi jigf}je~fpi òsa o` ~hi aexfa" ^hf} mob~senfm~fob* howipis* f} bo~ aisijv jogfmej*

jfdi ~he~ whfmh woyjn esf}i ci~wiib syji} ia{fsfmejjv mobnf~fobin* f` ~hiv wisi sef}in ~o ~hi

sebd o` bimi}}esv {sfbmf{ji} o` mogbf~fob* cy~ f} {sem~fmej* ebn woyjn syfb aosejf~v ej~ogi~his

wisi bo~ ~hi pofmi o` sie}ob fb siìsibmi ~o ~hi wfjj }o mjies* }o fssi{si}}fcji* }o nf}~fbm~jv

eynfcji* ipib ~o ~hi moaaobi}~ aib" F~ meb objv* fbniin* ci aefb~efbin fb ~hi {is{jixfbg

}{imyje~fob} o` ~hi }mhooj}* whfmh esi cojn iboygh ~o }hy~ ~hifs ies} egefb}~ ~he~ hiepibjv

pofmi* fb osnis ~o }y{{os~ e ~hiosv ~he~ mo}~} bo ~soycji"

]y{{o}i ~he~ eb emuyefb~ebmi whoa voy o~hiswf}i jfdin wisi ~o e~~ia{~ ~o ly}~f`v hfa}ij` ~o

voy òs hepfbg cosbi èj}i wf~bi}}* `fs}~ cv ejjigfbg ~hi* fb hf} pfiw* }emsin ny~v o` mob}yj~fbghf} owb he{{fbi}}4 ~hib cv ibyaise~fbg ~hi enpeb~egi} whfmh hi hen gefbin ~hisicv*

{ofb~fbg oy~ ~hi {synibmi hi hen }howb fb }imysfbg hfa}ij` egefb}~ ni~im~fob* ipib cv

voys}ij`* ~o whoa hi bow sipiej} ~hi }imsi~* objv fb osnis ~he~ hi aev ci ecji ~o nibv f~ e~

ebv ~fai4 ebn }y{{o}i hi wisi ~hib ~o e``fsa* fb ejj }isfoy}bi}}* ~he~ hi he} `yj`fjjin e ~syi

hyaeb ny~v4 voy woyjn if~his jeygh fb hf} èmi* os }hsfbd cemd `soa hfa wf~h nf}gy}~4 ebn

vi~* f` e aeb he} sigyje~in hf} {sfbmf{ji} o` em~fob }ojijv wf~h e pfiw ~o hf} owb enpeb~egi*

voy woyjn hepi bo~hfbg whe~ipis ~o oclim~ egefb}~ ~hf} aoni o` {somiinfbg" Os }y{{o}i }oai

obi simoaaibn} voy e aeb e} }~iwesn* e} e aeb ~o whoa voy meb cjfbnjv ~sy}~ ejj voys

e`èfs}4 ebn* fb osnis ~o fb}{fsi voy wf~h mob`fnibmi* ix~oj} hfa e} e {synib~ aeb who

~hosoyghjv ybnis}~ebn} hf} owb fb~isi}~* ebn f} }o fbniè~fgecjv em~fpi ~he~ hi ji~} }jf{ bo

o{{os~ybf~v o` enpebmfbg f~4 je}~jv* ji}~ voy }hoyjn ci e`sefn o` `fbnfbg e pyjges }ij`f}hbi}} fbhfa* {sef}i} ~hi goon ~e}~i wf~h whfmh hi jfpi}4 bo~ }iidfbg hf} {jie}ysi fb aobiv!aedfbg* os




fb moes}i web~obbi}}* cy~ fb ~hi ibjesgiaib~ o` hf} dbowjingi* fb fb}~sym~fpi fb~ismoys}i wf~h

e }ijim~ mfsmji* ebn ipib fb sijfipfbg ~hi biinv4 whfji e} ~o ~hi aieb} (whfmh* o` moys}i*

nisfpi ejj ~hifs pejyi `soa ~hi ibn&* hi f} bo~ {es~fmyjes* ebn f} sienv ~o y}i o~his {io{ji'}

aobiv òs ~hi {ys{o}i e} f` f~ wisi hf} owb* {sopfnin objv hi dbow} ~he~ hi meb no }o }eìjv*

ebn wf~hoy~ nf}mopisv4 voy woyjn if~his cijfipi ~he~ ~hi simoaaibnis we} aomdfbg voy* os

~he~ hi hen jo}~ hf} }ib}i}" ]o }hes{jv ebn mjiesjv aesdin esi ~hi coybnesfi} o` aosejf~v ebn}ij`!jopi ~he~ ipib ~hi moaaobi}~ ivi mebbo~ èfj ~o nf}~fbgyf}h whi~his e ~hfbg cijobg} ~o

~hi obi os ~hi o~his" ^hi ìw siaesd} ~he~ òjjow aev e{{ies }y{is`jyoy} whisi ~hi ~sy~h f}

}o {jefb* cy~ e~ jie}~ ~hiv aev }ispi ~o gfpi e jf~~ji aosi nf}~fbm~bi}} ~o ~hi lyngiaib~ o`

moaaob }ib}i"


^hi {sfbmf{ji o` he{{fbi}} aev* fbniin* `ysbf}h aexfa}* cy~ bipis }ymh e} woyjn ci

moa{i~ib~ ~o ci jew} o` ~hi wfjj* ipib f` ybfpis}ej he{{fbi}} wisi aeni ~hi oclim~" @os }fbmi

~hi dbowjingi o` ~hf} si}~} ob aisi ia{fsfmej ne~e* }fbmi ipisv aeb'} lyngiaib~ ob f~ ni{ibn}

pisv aymh ob hf} {es~fmyjes {ofb~ o` pfiw* whfmh f} f~}ij` aosiopis pisv pesfecji* f~ meb}y{{jv objv gibisej syji}* bo~ ybfpis}ej4 ~he~ f}* f~ meb gfpi syji} whfmh ob ~hi episegi wfjj

ao}~ `siuyib~jv `f~* cy~ bo~ syji} whfmh ay}~ hojn goon ejwev} ebn bimi}}esfjv4 hibmi* bo

{sem~fmej jew} meb ci òybnin ob f~" Ly}~ cimey}i fb ~hf} me}i eb oclim~ o` mhofmi f} ~hi

òybne~fob o` ~hi syji ebn ay}~ ~hisiòsi {simini f~* ~hi syji meb siìs ~o bo~hfbg cy~ whe~ f}

Tìj~Q* ebn ~hisiòsi f~ siìs} ~o ix{isfibmi ebn f} òybnin ob f~* ebn ~hib ~hi pesfi~v o`

lyngiaib~ ay}~ ci ibnji}}" ^hf} {sfbmf{ji* ~hisiòsi* noi} bo~ {si}msfci ~hi }eai {sem~fmej

syji} ~o ejj se~fobej cifbg}* ej~hoygh ~hi syji} esi ejj fbmjynin ybnis e moaaob ~f~ji* beaijv*

~he~ o` he{{fbi}}" ^hi aosej jew* howipis* f} mobmifpin e} oclim~fpijv bimi}}esv* objv

cimey}i f~ hojn} òs ipisvobi ~he~ he} sie}ob ebn wfjj"

^hi aexfa o` }ij`!jopi ({synibmi& objv enpf}i}4 ~hi jew o` aosejf~v moaaebn}" Bow ~hisi f}

e gsie~ nf`ìsibmi ci~wiib ~he~ whfmh wi esi enpf}in ~o no ebn ~he~ ~o whfmh wi esi ocjfgin"

^hi moaaobi}~ fb~ijjfgibmi meb ie}fjv ebn wf~hoy~ hi}f~e~fob }ii whe~* ob ~hi {sfbmf{ji o`

ey~oboav o` ~hi wfjj* siuyfsi} ~o ci nobi4 cy~ ob }y{{o}f~fob o` hi~isoboav o` ~hi wfjj* f~ f}

hesn ebn siuyfsi} dbowjingi o` ~hi wosjn ~o }ii whe~ f} ~o ci nobi" ^he~ f} ~o }ev* whe~ ny~v

f}* f} {jefb o` f~}ij` ~o ipisvobi4 cy~ whe~ f} ~o csfbg ~syi nysecji enpeb~egi* }ymh e} wfjj

ix~ibn ~o ~hi whoji o` obi'} ixf}~ibmi* f} ejwev} pifjin fb fa{ibi~secji oc}mysf~v4 ebn aymh

{synibmi f} siuyfsin ~o ene{~ ~hi {sem~fmej syji òybnin ob f~ ~o ~hi ibn} o` jfì* ipib

~ojisecjv* cv aedfbg {so{is ixmi{~fob}" Cy~ ~hi aosej jew moaaebn} ~hi ao}~ {ybm~yej

ocinfibmi `soa ipisvobi4 f~ ay}~* ~hisiòsi* bo~ ci }o nf``fmyj~ ~o lyngi whe~ f~ siuyfsi} ~o cinobi* ~he~ ~hi moaaobi}~ yb{sem~f}in ybnis}~ebnfbg* ipib wf~hoy~ wosjnjv {synibmi* }hoyjn

èfj ~o e{{jv f~ sfgh~jv"

F~ f} ejwev} fb ipisvobi'} {owis ~o }e~f}`v ~hi me~igosfmej moaaebn o` aosejf~v4 whisie} f~ f}

}ijnoa {o}}fcji* ebn cv bo aieb} }o ~o ipisvobi* ~o }e~f}`v ~hi ia{fsfmejjv mobnf~fobin

{simi{~ o` he{{fbi}}* ipib wf~h sigesn ~o e }fbgji {ys{o}i" ^hi sie}ob f} ~he~ fb ~hi òsais

me}i ~hisi f} uyi}~fob objv o` ~hi aexfa* whfmh ay}~ ci gibyfbi ebn {ysi4 cy~ fb ~hi je~~is

me}i ~hisi f} uyi}~fob ej}o o` obi'} me{emf~v ebn {hv}fmej {owis ~o siejf|i e ni}fsin oclim~" E

moaaebn ~he~ ipisvobi }hoyjn ~sv ~o aedi hfa}ij` he{{v woyjn ci òojf}h* òs obi bipis

moaaebn} ebvobi ~o no whe~ hi o` hfa}ij` fbèjjfcjv wf}hi} ~o no" Wi ay}~ objv moaaebn

~hi aieb}* os se~his }y{{jv ~hia* }fbmi hi mebbo~ no ipisv~hfbg ~he~ hi wf}hi}" Cy~ ~omoaaebn aosejf~v ybnis ~hi beai o` ny~v f} uyf~i se~fobej4 òs* fb ~hi `fs}~ {jemi* bo~




ipisvobi f} wfjjfbg ~o ociv f~} {simi{~} f` ~hiv o{{o}i hf} fbmjfbe~fob}4 ebn e} ~o ~hi aieb} o`

ocivfbg ~hf} jew* ~hi}i biin bo~ fb ~hf} me}i ci ~eygh~* òs fb ~hf} si}{im~ whe~ipis hi wf}hi}

~o no ci meb no"

Hi who he} jo}~ e~ {jev aev ci pixin e~ hfa}ij` ebn hf} òjjv* cy~ f` hi f} mob}mfoy} o` hepfbg

mhie~in e~ {jev (ej~hoygh hi he} gefbin ~hisicv&* hi ay}~ ni}{f}i hfa}ij` e} }oob e} himoa{esi} hfa}ij` wf~h ~hi aosej jew" ^hf} ay}~* ~hisiòsi* ci }oai~hfbg nf`ìsib~ `soa ~hi

{sfbmf{ji o` {sfpe~i he{{fbi}}" @os e aeb ay}~ hepi e nf`ìsib~ msf~isfob whib hi f} moa{ijjin

~o }ev ~o hfa}ij`< #F ea e wos~hji}} ìjjow* ~hoygh F hepi `fjjin av {ys}i#4 ebn whib hi

e{{sopi} hfa}ij`* ebn }ev}< #F ea e {synib~ aeb* òs F hepi ibsfmhin av ~sie}ysi"#

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_5 R{esegse{h 5;;q

@fbejjv* ~hisi f} }oai~hfbg `ys~his fb ~hi fnie o` oys {sem~fmej sie}ob* whfmh emmoa{ebfi} ~hi

~seb}gsi}}fob o` e aosej jew! beaijv* f~} fjj ni}is~" Bow ~hi bo~fob o` {ybf}haib~* e} }ymh*

mebbo~ ci ybf~in wf~h ~he~ o` cimoafbg e {es~edis o` he{{fbi}}4 òs ej~hoygh hi who fb`jfm~}

~hi {ybf}haib~ aev e~ ~hi }eai ~fai hepi ~hi cibipojib~ {ys{o}i o` nfsim~fbg ~hf} {ybf}haib~ ~o ~hf} ibn* vi~ f~ ay}~ `fs}~ ci ly}~f`fin fb f~}ij` e} {ybf}haib~* f"i"* e} aisi hesa*

}o ~he~ f` f~ }~o{{in ~hisi* ebn ~hi {is}ob {ybf}hin moyjn gi~ bo gjfa{}i o` dfbnbi}} hfnnib

cihfbn ~hf} hes}hbi}}* hi ay}~ vi~ enaf~ ~he~ ly}~fmi we} nobi hfa* ebn ~he~ hf} siwesn we}

{isìm~jv }yf~ecji ~o hf} mobnym~" Fb ipisv {ybf}haib~* e} }ymh* ~hisi ay}~ `fs}~ ci ly}~fmi* ebn

~hf} mob}~f~y~i} ~hi i}}ibmi o` ~hi bo~fob"

Cibipojibmi aev* fbniin* ci ybf~in wf~h f~* cy~ ~hi aeb who he} ni}ispin {ybf}haib~ he}

bo~ ~hi jie}~ sie}ob ~o simdob y{ob ~hf}"

[ybf}haib~* ~hib* f} e {hv}fmej ipfj* whfmh* ~hoygh f~ ci bo~ mobbim~in wf~h aosej ipfj e} e

be~ysej mob}iuyibmi* oygh~ ~o ci mobbim~in wf~h f~ e} e mob}iuyibmi cv ~hi {sfbmf{ji} o` e

aosej jigf}je~fob" Bow* f` ipisv msfai* ipib wf~hoy~ sigesnfbg ~hi {hv}fmej mob}iuyibmi wf~h

si}{im~ ~o ~hi em~os* f} fb f~}ij` {ybf}hecji* ~he~ f}* òsìf~} he{{fbi}} (e~ jie}~ {es~fejjv&* f~ f}

ocpfoy}jv ec}ysn ~o }ev ~he~ ~hi msfai mob}f}~in ly}~ fb ~hf}* ~he~ ci he} nsewb {ybf}haib~ ob

hfa}ij`* ~hisicv fblysfbg hf} {sfpe~i he{{fbi}} (whfmh* ob ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` }ij`!jopi* ay}~ ci

~hi {so{is bo~fob o` ejj msfai&" Emmosnfbg ~o ~hf} pfiw* ~hi {ybf}haib~ woyjn ci ~hi sie}ob

òs mejjfbg ebv~hfbg e msfai* ebn ly}~fmi woyjn* ob ~hi mob~sesv* mob}f}~ fb oaf~~fbg ejj

{ybf}haib~* ebn ipib {sipib~fbg ~he~ whfmh be~ysejjv òjjow}4 òs* f` ~hf} wisi nobi* ~hisi

woyjn bo jobgis ci ebv ipfj fb ~hi em~fob* }fbmi ~hi hesa whfmh o~hiswf}i òjjowin f~* ebn ob

emmoyb~ o` whfmh ejobi ~hi em~fob we} mejjin ipfj* woyjn bow ci {sipib~in" ô jood*

howipis* ob ejj siwesn} ebn {ybf}haib~} e} aisijv ~hi aemhfbisv fb ~hi hebn o` e hfghis

{owis* whfmh f} ~o }ispi objv ~o }i~ se~fobej msie~ysi} }~sfpfbg e`~is ~hifs `fbej ibn (he{{fbi}}&*

~hf} f} ~o sinymi ~hi wfjj ~o e aimhebf}a ni}~sym~fpi o` `siinoa4 ~hf} f} }o ipfnib~ ~he~ f~ biinbo~ ni~efb y}"

Aosi si`fbin* ~hoygh iuyejjv èj}i* f} ~hi ~hiosv o` ~ho}i who }y{{o}i e mis~efb }{imfej aosej

}ib}i* whfmh }ib}i ebn bo~ sie}ob ni~isafbi} ~hi aosej jew* ebn fb mob}iuyibmi o` whfmh ~hi

mob}mfoy}bi}} o` pfs~yi f} }y{{o}in ~o ci nfsim~jv mobbim~in wf~h mob~ib~aib~ ebn {jie}ysi4

~he~ o` pfmi* wf~h aib~ej nf}}e~f}èm~fob ebn {efb4 ~hy} sinymfbg ~hi whoji ~o ~hi ni}fsi o`

{sfpe~i he{{fbi}}" Wf~hoy~ si{ie~fbg whe~ he} ciib }efn ecopi* F wfjj hisi objv siaesd ~hi

èjjemv ~hiv èjj fb~o" Fb osnis ~o faegfbi ~hi pfmfoy} aeb e} ~osaib~in wf~h aib~ej

nf}}e~f}èm~fob cv ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` hf} ~seb}gsi}}fob}* ~hiv ay}~ `fs}~ si{si}ib~ hfa e} fb

~hi aefb ce}f} o` hf} mhesem~is* e~ jie}~ fb }oai nigsii* aosejjv goon4 ly}~ e} hi who f}

{jie}in wf~h ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` sfgh~ mobnym~ ay}~ ci mobmifpin e} ejsienv pfs~yoy}" ^hibo~fob o` aosejf~v ebn ny~v ay}~* ~hisiòsi* hepi {siminin ebv sigesn ~o ~hf} }e~f}èm~fob* ebn




mebbo~ ci nisfpin `soa f~" E aeb ay}~ `fs}~ e{{simfe~i ~hi fa{os~ebmi o` whe~ wi mejj ny~v*

~hi ey~hosf~v o` ~hi aosej jew* ebn ~hi faainfe~i nfgbf~v whfmh ~hi òjjowfbg o` f~ gfpi} ~o

~hi {is}ob fb hf} owb ivi}* fb osnis ~o ìij ~he~ }e~f}èm~fob fb ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` hf}

mobòsaf~v ~o f~ ebn ~hi cf~~is siaos}i ~he~ emmoa{ebfi} ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` f~}

~seb}gsi}}fob" F~ f}* ~hisiòsi* fa{o}}fcji ~o ìij ~hf} }e~f}èm~fob os nf}}e~f}èm~fob {sfos ~o ~hi

dbowjingi o` ocjfge~fob* os ~o aedi f~ ~hi ce}f} o` ~hi je~~is" E aeb ay}~ ci e~ jie}~ hej` hobi}~ fb osnis ipib ~o ci ecji ~o òsa e mobmi{~fob o` ~hi}i ìijfbg}" F no bo~ nibv ~he~ e} ~hi

hyaeb wfjj f}* cv pfs~yi o` jfcis~v* me{ecji o` cifbg faainfe~ijv ni~isafbin cv ~hi aosej

jew* }o `siuyib~ {sem~fmi fb emmosnebmi wf~h ~hf} {sfbmf{ji o` ni~isafbe~fob meb* e~ jie}~*

{sonymi }yclim~fpijv e ìijfbg o` }e~f}èm~fob4 ob ~hi mob~sesv* f~ f} e ny~v ~o i}~ecjf}h ebn ~o

myj~fpe~i ~hf}* whfmh ejobi ni}ispi} ~o ci mejjin {so{isjv ~hi aosej ìijfbg4 cy~ ~hi bo~fob o`

ny~v mebbo~ ci nisfpin `soa f~* ij}i wi }hoyjn hepi ~o }y{{o}i e ìijfbg òs ~hi jew e} }ymh*

ebn ~hy} aedi ~he~ eb oclim~ o` }ib}e~fob whfmh meb objv ci ~hoygh~ cv ~hi sie}ob4 ebn ~hf}* f`

f~ f} bo~ ~o ci e `je~ mob~senfm~fob* woyjn ni}~sov ejj bo~fob o` ny~v ebn {y~ fb f~} {jemi e aisi

aimhebfmej {jev o` si`fbin fbmjfbe~fob} }oai~fai} mob~ibnfbg wf~h ~hi moes}is"

F` bow wi moa{esi oys òsaej }y{siai {sfbmf{ji o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob (~he~ o` ey~oboavo` ~hi wfjj& wf~h ejj {sipfoy} ae~isfej {sfbmf{ji} o` aosejf~v* wi meb ixhfcf~ ~hia ejj fb e ~ecji

fb whfmh ejj {o}}fcji me}i} esi ixhey}~in* ixmi{~ ~hi obi òsaej {sfbmf{ji4 ebn ~hy} wi meb

}how pf}fcjv ~he~ f~ f} pefb ~o jood òs ebv o~his {sfbmf{ji ~heb ~he~ bow {so{o}in" Fb èm~ ejj

{o}}fcji {sfbmf{ji} o` ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj esi co~h aisijv }yclim~fpi* ebn ~hisiòsi

ia{fsfmej* os esi ej}o oclim~fpi ebn se~fobej4 ebn co~h esi if~his ix~isbej os fb~isbej"

[sem~fmej Ae~isfej [sfbmf{ji} o` Ni~isafbe~fob ~edib e} ~hi @oybne~fob o` Aosejf~v* esi<

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_5 R{esegse{h 5;9q

]YCLIM^FPI

IXÎSBEJ FBÎSBEJ

Inyme~fob [hv}fmej ìijfbg


(Aob~efgbi& (I{fmysy}&

^hi mfpfj Aosej ìijfbg

Mob}~f~y~fob (Hy~mhi}ob&

(Aebnipfjji&


OCLIM^FPI

FBÎSBEJ IXÎSBEJ

[isìm~fob Wfjj o` Gon




(Woj` ebn ~hi o~his TMsy}fy} ebn o~his ]~ofm}Q ~hiojogfmej Aosejf}~}&


^ho}i o` ~hi y{{is ~ecji esi ejj ia{fsfmej ebn ipfnib~jv fbme{ecji o` `ysbf}hfbg ~hi ybfpis}ej {sfbmf{ji o` aosejf~v4 cy~ ~ho}i fb ~hi jowis ~ecji esi ce}in ob sie}ob (òs {isìm~fob e} e

uyejf~v o` ~hfbg}* ebn ~hi hfghi}~ {isìm~fob mobmifpin e} }yc}~ebmi* ~he~ f}* Gon* meb objv ci

~hoygh~ cv aieb} o` se~fobej mobmi{~}&" Cy~ ~hi òsais bo~fob* beaijv* ~he~ o` {isìm~fob*

aev if~his ci ~edib fb e ~hiosi~fm }fgbf`fme~fob* ebn ~hib f~ aieb} bo~hfbg cy~ ~hi

moa{ji~ibi}} o` iemh ~hfbg fb f~} owb dfbn (~seb}mibnib~ej&* os ~he~ o` e ~hfbg aisijv e} e

~hfbg (ai~e{hv}fmej&4 ebn wf~h ~he~ wi esi bo~ mobmisbin hisi" Cy~ ~hi bo~fob o` {isìm~fob fb

e {sem~fmej }ib}i f} ~hi `f~bi}} os }y``fmfibmv o` e ~hfbg òs ejj }os~} o` {ys{o}i}" ^hf}

{isìm~fob* e} e uyejf~v o` aeb ebn mob}iuyib~jv fb~isbej* f} bo~hfbg cy~ ~ejib~ ebn* whe~

}~sibg~hib} os moa{ji~i} ~hf}* }dfjj" ]y{siai {isìm~fob mobmifpin e} }yc}~ebmi* ~he~ f} Gon*

ebn mob}iuyib~jv ix~isbej (mob}fnisin {sem~fmejjv&* f} ~hi }y``fmfibmv o` ~hf} cifbg òs ejj ibn}"

Ibn} ~hib ay}~ `fs}~ ci gfpib* sije~fpijv ~o whfmh objv meb ~hi bo~fob o` {isìm~fob (whi~his fb~isbej fb oys}ijpi} os ix~isbej fb Gon& ci ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj" Cy~ eb ibn!

cifbg eb oclim~ whfmh ay}~ {simini ~hi ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj cv e {sem~fmej syji ebn

mob~efb ~hi gsoybn o` ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hf} ni~isafbe~fob* ebn ~hisiòsi mob~efb ej}o ~hi

ae~~is o` ~hi wfjj* ~edib e} f~} ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji! }ymh eb ibn f} ejwev} ia{fsfmej ebn*

~hisiòsi* aev }ispi òs ~hi I{fmysieb {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi he{{fbi}} ~hiosv* cy~ bo~ òs ~hi {ysi

se~fobej {sfbmf{ji o` aosejf~v ebn ny~v" ^hy}* ~ejib~} ebn ~hi fa{sopiaib~ o` ~hia* cimey}i

~hiv mob~sfcy~i ~o ~hi enpeb~egi} o` jfì4 os ~hi wfjj o` Gon* f` egsiiaib~ wf~h f~ ci ~edib e}

~hi oclim~ o` ~hi wfjj* wf~hoy~ ebv eb~iminib~ fbni{ibnib~ {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji* meb ci ao~fpi}

objv cv sie}ob o` ~hi he{{fbi}} ix{im~in ~hisi`soa" Hibmi f~ òjjow}* `fs}~* ~he~ ejj ~hi

{sfbmf{ji} hisi }~e~in esi ae~isfej4 }imobnjv* ~he~ ~hiv fbmjyni ejj {o}}fcji ae~isfej {sfbmf{ji}4

ebn* `fbejjv* ~hi mobmjy}fob* ~he~ }fbmi ae~isfej {sfbmf{ji} esi uyf~i fbme{ecji o` `ysbf}hfbg ~hi

}y{siai aosej jew (e} he} ciib }howb&* ~hi òsaej {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji ~hi {ysi sie}ob

(emmosnfbg ~o whfmh ~hi aisi òsa o` e ybfpis}ej jigf}je~fob ay}~ mob}~f~y~i ~hi }y{siai ebn

faainfe~i ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj& f} ~hi objv obi {o}}fcji whfmh f} eniuye~i ~o

`ysbf}h me~igosfmej fa{ise~fpi}* ~he~ f}* {sem~fmej jew} (whfmh aedi em~fob} e ny~v&* ebn fb

gibisej ~o }ispi e} ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` aosejf~v* co~h fb msf~fmf|fbg mobnym~ ebn ej}o fb f~}

e{{jfme~fob ~o ~hi hyaeb wfjj ~o ni~isafbi f~"

F" O` ~hi Ninym~fob o` ~hi @ybneaib~ej [sfbmf{ji} o` [ysi [sem~fmej Sie}ob


^hf} Ebejv~fm }how} ~he~ {ysi sie}ob meb ci {sem~fmej* ~he~ f}* meb o` f~}ij` ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj

fbni{ibnib~jv o` ebv~hfbg ia{fsfmej4 ebn ~hf} f~ {sopi} cv e èm~ fb whfmh {ysi sie}ob fb y}

{sopi} f~}ij` em~yejjv {sem~fmej* beaijv* ~hi ey~oboav }howb fb ~hi `ybneaib~ej {sfbmf{ji o`

aosejf~v* cv whfmh sie}ob ni~isafbi} ~hi wfjj ~o em~fob"

F~ }how} e~ ~hi }eai ~fai ~he~ ~hf} èm~ f} fb}i{esecjv mobbim~in wf~h ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o`

`siinoa o` ~hi wfjj* bev* f} fnib~fmej wf~h f~4 ebn cv ~hf} ~hi wfjj o` e se~fobej cifbg* ej~hoygh

e} cijobgfbg ~o ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i f~ simogbf|i} f~}ij` e} bimi}}esfjv }yclim~ ~o ~hi jew} o`

mey}ejf~v jfdi o~his i``fmfib~ mey}i}4 vi~* e~ ~hi }eai ~fai* ob ebo~his }fni* beaijv* e} e cifbgfb f~}ij`* f} mob}mfoy} o` ixf}~fbg fb ebn cifbg ni~isafbin cv eb fb~ijjfgfcji osnis o` ~hfbg}4




mob}mfoy} bo~ cv pfs~yi o` e }{imfej fb~yf~fob o` f~}ij`* cy~ cv pfs~yi o` mis~efb nvbeafmej jew}

whfmh ni~isafbi f~} mey}ejf~v fb ~hi }ib}fcji wosjn4 òs f~ he} ciib ij}iwhisi {sopin ~he~ f`

`siinoa f} {sinfme~in o` y}* f~ ~seb}{os~} y} fb~o eb fb~ijjfgfcji osnis o` ~hfbg}"

Bow* f` wi moa{esi wf~h ~hf} ~hi ebejv~fmej {es~ o` ~hi msf~fuyi o` {ysi }{imyje~fpi sie}ob* wi

}hejj }ii e siaesdecji mob~se}~" ^hisi f~ we} bo~ `ybneaib~ej {sfbmf{ji}* cy~ {ysi* }ib}fcjifb~yf~fob (}{emi ebn ~fai&* ~he~ we} ~hi `fs}~ ne~ya ~he~ aeni e {sfosf dbowjingi {o}}fcji*

~hoygh objv o` oclim~} o` ~hi }ib}i}"

]vb~hi~fmej {sfbmf{ji} moyjn bo~ ci nisfpin `soa aisi mobmi{~} wf~hoy~ fb~yf~fob4 ob ~hi

mob~sesv* ~hiv moyjn objv ixf}~ wf~h siìsibmi ~o ~hf} fb~yf~fob* ebn ~hisiòsi ~o oclim~} o`

{o}}fcji ix{isfibmi* }fbmi f~ f} ~hi mobmi{~} o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg* ybf~in wf~h ~hf} fb~yf~fob*

whfmh ejobi aedi ~he~ dbowjingi {o}}fcji whfmh wi mejj ix{isfibmi"

Civobn oclim~} o` ix{isfibmi* ebn ~hisiòsi wf~h sigesn ~o ~hfbg} e} boyaibe* ejj {o}f~fpi

dbowjingi we} sfgh~jv nf}mjefain òs }{imyje~fpi sie}ob" ^hf} sie}ob* howipis* wib~ }o ès

e} ~o i}~ecjf}h wf~h mis~efb~v ~hi mobmi{~ o` boyaibe4 ~he~ f}* ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v* bev* ~hi

bimi}}f~v* o` ~hfbdfbg ~hia4 òs ixea{ji* f~ }howin egefb}~ ejj oclim~fob} ~he~ ~hi }y{{o}f~fob

o` `siinoa* bige~fpijv mob}fnisin* we} uyf~i mob}f}~ib~ wf~h ~ho}i {sfbmf{ji} ebn jfaf~e~fob}o` {ysi ~hiosi~fm sie}ob" Cy~ f~ moyjn bo~ gfpi y} ebv ni`fbf~i ibjesgiaib~ o` oys dbowjingi

wf~h si}{im~ ~o }ymh oclim~}* cy~* ob ~hi mob~sesv* my~ o`` ejj pfiw o` ~hia ej~ogi~his"

Ob ~hi o~his hebn* ~hi aosej jew* ej~hoygh f~ gfpi} bo pfiw* vi~ gfpi} y} e èm~ ec}ojy~ijv

fbix{jfmecji `soa ebv ne~e o` ~hi }ib}fcji wosjn* ebn ~hi whoji moa{e}} o` oys ~hiosi~fmej

y}i o` sie}ob* e èm~ whfmh {ofb~} ~o e {ysi wosjn o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg* bev* ipib ni`fbi} f~

{o}f~fpijv ebn ibecji} y} ~o dbow }oai~hfbg o` f~* beaijv* e jew"

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_5 R{esegse{h 5=;q

^hf} jew (e} ès e} se~fobej cifbg} esi mobmisbin& gfpi} ~o ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i* whfmh f} e

}ib}fcji }v}~ia o` be~ysi* ~hi òsa o` e wosjn o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg* ~he~ f}* o` e }y{is}ib}fcji

}v}~ia o` be~ysi* wf~hoy~ fb~isìsfbg wf~h f~} aimhebf}a" Bow* e }v}~ia o` be~ysi* fb ~hi

ao}~ gibisej }ib}i* f} ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hfbg} ybnis jew}" ^hi }ib}fcji be~ysi o` se~fobej

cifbg} fb gibisej f} ~hifs ixf}~ibmi ybnis jew} ia{fsfmejjv mobnf~fobin* whfmh* `soa ~hi {ofb~

o` pfiw o` sie}ob* f} hi~isoboav" ^hi }y{is}ib}fcji be~ysi o` ~hi }eai cifbg}* ob ~hi o~his

hebn* f} ~hifs ixf}~ibmi emmosnfbg ~o jew} whfmh esi fbni{ibnib~ o` ipisv ia{fsfmej mobnf~fob

ebn* ~hisiòsi* cijobg ~o ~hi ey~oboav o` {ysi sie}ob" Ebn* }fbmi ~hi jew} cv whfmh ~hi

ixf}~ibmi o` ~hfbg} ni{ibn} ob mogbf~fob esi {sem~fmej* }y{is}ib}fcji be~ysi* }o ès e} wi meb

òsa ebv bo~fob o` f~* f} bo~hfbg ij}i ~heb e }v}~ia o` be~ysi ybnis ~hi ey~oboav o` {ysi

{sem~fmej sie}ob" Bow* ~hi jew o` ~hf} ey~oboav f} ~hi aosej jew* whfmh* ~hisiòsi* f} ~hi`ybneaib~ej jew o` e }y{is}ib}fcji be~ysi* ebn o` e {ysi wosjn o` ybnis}~ebnfbg* who}i

moyb~is{es~ ay}~ ixf}~ fb ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i* cy~ wf~hoy~ fb~isìsfbg wf~h f~} jew}" Wi afgh~

mejj ~hi òsais ~hi esmhi~v{ej wosjn (be~yse esmhi~v{e&* whfmh wi objv dbow fb ~hi sie}ob4

ebn ~hi je~~is ~hi im~v{ej wosjn (be~yse im~v{e&* cimey}i f~ mob~efb} ~hi {o}}fcji i`ìm~ o` ~hi

fnie o` ~hi òsais whfmh f} ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj" @os ~hi aosej jew* fb èm~*

~seb}ìs} y} fniejjv fb~o e }v}~ia fb whfmh {ysi sie}ob* f` f~ wisi emmoa{ebfin wf~h eniuye~i

{hv}fmej {owis* woyjn {sonymi ~hi }yaaya cobya* ebn f~ ni~isafbi} oys wfjj ~o gfpi ~hi

}ib}fcji wosjn ~hi òsa o` e }v}~ia o` se~fobej cifbg}"

^hi jie}~ e~~ib~fob ~o obi}ij` {sopi} ~he~ ~hf} fnie siejjv }ispi} e} ~hi aonij òs ~hi

ni~isafbe~fob} o` oys wfjj"




Whib ~hi aexfa whfmh F ea nf}{o}in ~o òjjow fb gfpfbg ~i}~faobv f} ~i}~in cv ~hi {sem~fmej

sie}ob* F ejwev} mob}fnis whe~ f~ woyjn ci f` f~ wisi ~o hojn e} e ybfpis}ej jew o` be~ysi" F~ f}

aebfì}~ ~he~ fb ~hf} pfiw f~ woyjn ocjfgi ipisvobi ~o }{ied ~hi ~sy~h" @os f~ mebbo~ hojn e} e

ybfpis}ej jew o` be~ysi ~he~ }~e~iaib~} }hoyjn ci ejjowin ~o hepi ~hi òsmi o` {soo` ebn vi~ ~o

ci {ys{o}ijv yb~syi" ]fafjesjv* ~hi aexfa whfmh F eno{~ wf~h si}{im~ ~o nf}{o}fbg `siijv o`

av jfì f} e~ obmi ni~isafbin* whib F e}d av}ij` whe~ f~ }hoyjn ci* fb osnis ~he~ e }v}~ia* o` whfmh f~ f} ~hi jew* }hoyjn aefb~efb f~}ij`" F~ f} ocpfoy} ~he~ fb }ymh e }v}~ia bo obi moyjn

escf~sesfjv {y~ eb ibn ~o hf} owb jfì* òs }ymh eb essebgiaib~ woyjn bo~ ci e {isaebib~ osnis

o` ~hfbg}" Ebn }o fb ejj }fafjes me}i}"

Bow* fb be~ysi* e} f~ em~yejjv f} eb oclim~ o` ix{isfibmi* ~hi `sii wfjj f} bo~ o` f~}ij`

ni~isafbin ~o aexfa} whfmh moyjn o` ~hia}ijpi} ci ~hi òybne~fob o` e be~ysej }v}~ia o`

ybfpis}ej jew}* os whfmh moyjn ipib ci ene{~in ~o e }v}~ia }o mob}~f~y~in4 ob ~hi mob~sesv* f~}

aexfa} esi {sfpe~i fbmjfbe~fob} whfmh mob}~f~y~i* fbniin* e be~ysej whoji fb mobòsaf~v wf~h

{e~hojogfmej ({hv}fmej& jew}* cy~ moyjn bo~ òsa {es~ o` e }v}~ia o` be~ysi* whfmh woyjn objv

ci {o}}fcji ~hsoygh oys wfjj em~fbg fb emmosnebmi wf~h {ysi {sem~fmej jew}" Vi~ wi esi*

~hsoygh sie}ob* mob}mfoy} o` e jew ~o whfmh ejj oys aexfa} esi }yclim~* e} ~hoygh e be~ysejosnis ay}~ ci osfgfbe~in `soa oys wfjj"

^hf} jew* ~hisiòsi* ay}~ ci ~hi fnie o` e be~ysej }v}~ia bo~ gfpib fb ix{isfibmi* ebn vi~

{o}}fcji ~hsoygh `siinoa4 e }v}~ia* ~hisiòsi* whfmh f} }y{is}ib}fcji* ebn ~o whfmh wi gfpi

oclim~fpi siejf~v* e~ jie}~ fb e {sem~fmej {ofb~ o` pfiw* }fbmi wi jood ob f~ e} eb oclim~ o` oys

wfjj e} {ysi se~fobej cifbg}"

Hibmi ~hi nf}~fbm~fob ci~wiib ~hi jew} o` e be~ysej }v}~ia ~o whfmh ~hi wfjj f} }yclim~* ebn o`

e be~ysej }v}~ia whfmh f} }yclim~ ~o e wfjj (e} ès e} f~} sije~fob ~o f~} `sii em~fob} f}

mobmisbin&* si}~} ob ~hf}* ~he~ fb ~hi òsais ~hi oclim~} ay}~ ci mey}i} o` ~hi fnie} whfmh

ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj4 whisie} fb ~hi je~~is ~hi wfjj f} ~hi mey}i o` ~hi oclim~}4 }o ~he~ f~}

mey}ejf~v he} f~} ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji }ojijv fb ~hi {ysi èmyj~v o` sie}ob* whfmh aev

~hisiòsi ci mejjin e {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob"

^hisi esi ~hisiòsi ~wo pisv nf}~fbm~ {socjia}< how* ob ~hi obi }fni* {ysi sie}ob meb mogbf}i

oclim~} e {sfosf* ebn how ob ~hi o~his }fni f~ meb ci eb faainfe~i ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi

wfjj* ~he~ f}* o` ~hi mey}ejf~v o` ~hi se~fobej cifbg wf~h si}{im~ ~o ~hi siejf~v o` oclim~} (~hsoygh

~hi aisi ~hoygh~ o` ~hi ybfpis}ej pejfnf~v o` f~} owb aexfa} e} jew}&"

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_5 R{esegse{h 5=9q

^hi òsais* whfmh cijobg} ~o ~hi msf~fuyi o` ~hi {ysi }{imyje~fpi sie}ob* siuyfsi} e {sipfoy}

ix{jebe~fob* how fb~yf~fob} wf~hoy~ whfmh bo oclim~ meb ci gfpib* ebn* ~hisiòsi* bobi dbowb

}vb~hi~fmejjv* esi {o}}fcji e {sfosf4 ebn f~} }ojy~fob ~ysb} oy~ ~o ci ~he~ ~hi}i esi ejj objv

}ib}fcji ebn* ~hisiòsi* no bo~ sibnis {o}}fcji ebv }{imyje~fpi dbowjingi whfmh goi} `ys~his

~heb {o}}fcji ix{isfibmi siemhi}4 ebn ~he~ ~hisiòsi ejj ~hi {sfbmf{ji} o` ~he~ {ysi }{imyje~fpi

sie}ob epefj objv ~o aedi ix{isfibmi {o}}fcji4 if~his ix{isfibmi o` gfpib oclim~} os o` ~ho}i

~he~ aev ci gfpib en fb`fbf~ya* cy~ bipis esi moa{ji~ijv gfpib"

^hi je~~is* whfmh cijobg} ~o ~hi msf~fuyi o` {sem~fmej sie}ob* siuyfsi} bo ix{jebe~fob how ~hi

oclim~} o` ~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi esi {o}}fcji* òs ~he~ cifbg e {socjia o` ~hi ~hiosi~fmej

dbowjingi o` be~ysi f} ji`~ ~o ~hi msf~fuyi o` ~hi }{imyje~fpi sie}ob* cy~ objv how sie}ob mebni~isafbi ~hi aexfa} o` ~hi wfjj4 whi~his ~hf} ~edi} {jemi objv cv aieb} o` ia{fsfmej fnie}




e} {sfbmf{ji} o` ni~isafbe~fob* os whi~his {ysi sie}ob meb ci {sem~fmej ebn ci ~hi jew o` e

{o}}fcji osnis o` be~ysi* whfmh f} bo~ ia{fsfmejjv dbowecji" ^hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` }ymh e

}y{is}ib}fcji }v}~ia o` be~ysi* ~hi mobmi{~fob o` whfmh meb ej}o ci ~hi gsoybn o` f~} siejf~v

~hsoygh oys owb `sii wfjj* noi} bo~ siuyfsi ebv e {sfosf fb~yf~fob (o` eb fb~ijjfgfcji wosjn&

whfmh* cifbg fb ~hf} me}i }y{is}ib}fcji* woyjn ci fa{o}}fcji òs y}" @os ~hi uyi}~fob f} objv

e} ~o ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` pojf~fob fb f~} aexfa}* beaijv* whi~his f~ f} ia{fsfmej* os f}e mobmi{~fob o` ~hi {ysi sie}ob (hepfbg ~hi jigej mhesem~is cijobgfbg ~o f~ fb gibisej&* ebn

how f~ meb ci ~hi je~~is" F~ f} ji`~ ~o ~hi ~hiosi~fm {sfbmf{ji} o` sie}ob ~o nimfni whi~his ~hi

mey}ejf~v o` ~hi wfjj }y``fmi} òs ~hi siejf|e~fob o` ~hi oclim~} os bo~* ~hf} cifbg eb fbuyfsv fb~o

~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi oclim~} o` ~hi pojf~fob" Fb~yf~fob o` ~hi}i oclim~} f} ~hisiòsi o` bo

fa{os~ebmi ~o ~hi {sem~fmej {socjia" Wi esi hisi mobmisbin objv wf~h ~hi ni~isafbe~fob o`

~hi wfjj ebn ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji} o` f~} aexfa} e} e `sii wfjj* bo~ e~ ejj wf~h ~hi si}yj~"

@os* {sopfnin objv ~he~ ~hi wfjj mobòsa} ~o ~hi jew o` {ysi sie}ob* ~hib ji~ f~} {owis fb

iximy~fob ci whe~ f~ aev* whi~his emmosnfbg ~o ~hi}i aexfa} o` jigf}je~fob o` e {o}}fcji

}v}~ia o` be~ysi ebv }ymh }v}~ia siejjv si}yj~} os bo~* ~hf} f} bo mobmisb o` ~hi msf~fuyi* whfmh

objv fbuyfsi} whi~his* ebn fb whe~ wev* {ysi sie}ob meb ci {sem~fmej* ~he~ f} nfsim~jv

ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj"

Fb ~hf} fbuyfsv msf~fmf}a aev ebn ay}~ cigfb wf~h {ysi {sem~fmej jew} ebn ~hifs siejf~v" Cy~

fb}~ien o` fb~yf~fob f~ ~edi} e} ~hifs òybne~fob ~hi mobmi{~fob o` ~hifs ixf}~ibmi fb ~hi

fb~ijjfgfcji wosjn* beaijv* ~hi mobmi{~ o` `siinoa" @os ~hf} mobmi{~ he} bo o~his aiebfbg*

ebn ~hi}i jew} esi objv {o}}fcji fb sije~fob ~o `siinoa o` ~hi wfjj4 cy~ `siinoa cifbg

}y{{o}in* ~hiv esi bimi}}esv4 os mobpis}ijv `siinoa f} bimi}}esv cimey}i ~ho}i jew} esi

bimi}}esv* cifbg {sem~fmej {o}~yje~i}" F~ mebbo~ ci `ys~his ix{jefbin how ~hf} mob}mfoy}bi}} o`

~hi aosej jew* os* whe~ f} ~hi }eai ~hfbg* o` `siinoa* f} {o}}fcji4 cy~ ~he~ f~ f} enaf}}fcji f}

wijj i}~ecjf}hin fb ~hi ~hiosi~fmej msf~fuyi"

^hi ix{o}f~fob o` ~hi }y{siai {sfbmf{ji o` {sem~fmej sie}ob f} bow `fbf}hin4 ~he~ f} ~o }ev* f~

he} ciib! }howb `fs}~* whe~ f~ mob~efb}* ~he~ f~ }yc}f}~} òs f~}ij` uyf~i e {sfosf ebn fbni{ibnib~

o` ia{fsfmej {sfbmf{ji}4 ebn bix~ fb whe~ f~ f} nf}~fbgyf}hin `soa ejj o~his {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji}"

Wf~h ~hi ninym~fob* ~he~ f}* ~hi ly}~f`fme~fob o` f~} oclim~fpi ebn ybfpis}ej pejfnf~v* ebn ~hi

nf}misbaib~ o` ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` }ymh e }vb~hi~fmej {so{o}f~fob e {sfosf* wi mebbo~ ix{im~ ~o

}ymmiin }o wijj e} fb ~hi me}i o` ~hi {sfbmf{ji} o` {ysi ~hiosi~fmej sie}ob" @os ~hi}i siìssin ~o

oclim~} o` {o}}fcji ix{isfibmi* beaijv* ~o {hiboaibe* ebn wi moyjn {sopi ~he~ ~hi}i

{hiboaibe moyjn ci dbowb e} oclim~} o` ix{isfibmi objv cv cifbg csoygh~ ybnis ~hi

me~igosfi} fb emmosnebmi wf~h ~hi}i jew}4 ebn mob}iuyib~jv ~he~ ejj {o}}fcji ix{isfibmi ay}~

mobòsa ~o ~hi}i jew}" Cy~ F moyjn bo~ {somiin fb ~hf} wev wf~h ~hi ninym~fob o` ~hi aosej

jew" @os ~hf} noi} bo~ mobmisb ~hi dbowjingi o` ~hi {so{is~fi} o` oclim~}* whfmh aev ci gfpib~o ~hi sie}ob `soa }oai o~his }oysmi4 cy~ e dbowjingi whfmh meb f~}ij` ci ~hi gsoybn o` ~hi

ixf}~ibmi o` ~hi oclim~}* ebn cv whfmh sie}ob fb e se~fobej cifbg he} mey}ejf~v* f"i"* {ysi

sie}ob* whfmh meb ci sigesnin e} e èmyj~v faainfe~ijv ni~isafbfbg ~hi wfjj"

Bow ejj oys hyaeb fb}fgh~ f} e~ eb ibn e} }oob e} wi hepi essfpin e~ `ybneaib~ej {owis} os

èmyj~fi}* òs ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi}i mebbo~ ci ybnis}~oon cv ebv aieb}* ebn ly}~ e} jf~~ji

}hoyjn f~ ci escf~sesfjv fbpib~in ebn e}}yain" ^hisiòsi* fb ~hi ~hiosi~fm y}i o` sie}ob* f~ f}

ix{isfibmi ejobi ~he~ meb ly}~f`v y} fb e}}yafbg ~hia"

Cy~ ~hf} ix{infib~ o` ennymfbg ia{fsfmej {soo`}* fb}~ien o` e ninym~fob `soa e {sfosf }oysmi}

o` dbowjingi* f} nibfin y} hisi fb si}{im~ ~o ~hi {ysi {sem~fmej èmyj~v o` sie}ob" @os whe~ipis

siuyfsi} ~o nsew ~hi {soo` o` f~} siejf~v `soa ix{isfibmi ay}~ ni{ibn òs ~hi gsoybn} o` f~}




{o}}fcfjf~v ob {sfbmf{ji} o` ix{isfibmi4 ebn {ysi* vi~ {sem~fmej* sie}ob cv f~} pisv bo~fob

mebbo~ ci sigesnin e} }ymh"

@ys~his* ~hi aosej jew f} gfpib e} e èm~ o` {ysi sie}ob o` whfmh wi esi e {sfosf mob}mfoy}*

ebn whfmh f} e{onifm~fmejjv mis~efb* ~hoygh f~ ci gseb~in ~he~ fb ix{isfibmi bo ixea{ji o` f~}

ixem~ `yj`fjaib~ meb ci òybn" Hibmi* ~hi oclim~fpi siejf~v o` ~hi aosej jew mebbo~ ci {sopin

cv ebv ninym~fob cv ebv i`òs~} o` ~hiosi~fmej sie}ob* whi~his }{imyje~fpi os ia{fsfmejjv}y{{os~in* ebn ~hisiòsi* ipib f` wi siboybmin f~} e{onifm~fm mis~efb~v* f~ moyjn bo~ ci {sopin

e {o}~isfosf cv ix{isfibmi* ebn vi~ f~ f} `fsajv i}~ecjf}hin o` f~}ij`"

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_5 R{esegse{h 5>;q

Cy~ fb}~ien o` ~hf} pefbjv }oygh~ ninym~fob o` ~hi aosej {sfbmf{ji* }oai~hfbg ij}i f} òybn

whfmh we} uyf~i ybix{im~in* beaijv* ~he~ ~hf} aosej {sfbmf{ji }ispi} mobpis}ijv e} ~hi

{sfbmf{ji o` ~hi ninym~fob o` eb fb}msy~ecji èmyj~v whfmh bo ix{isfibmi moyjn {sopi* cy~ o`

whfmh }{imyje~fpi sie}ob we} moa{ijjin e~ jie}~ ~o e}}yai ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v (fb osnis ~o `fbneaobg}~ f~} mo}aojogfmej fnie} ~hi ybmobnf~fobin fb ~hi mhefb o` mey}ejf~v* }o e} bo~ ~o

mob~senfm~ f~}ij`&! F aieb ~hi èmyj~v o` `siinoa" ^hi aosej jew* whfmh f~}ij` noi} bo~ siuyfsi

e ly}~f`fme~fob* {sopi} bo~ aisijv ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` `siinoa* cy~ ~he~ f~ siejjv cijobg} ~o

cifbg} who simogbf|i ~hf} jew e} cfbnfbg ob ~hia}ijpi}" ^hi aosej jew f} fb èm~ e jew o` ~hi

mey}ejf~v o` `sii egib~} ebn* ~hisiòsi* o` ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` e }y{is}ib}fcji }v}~ia o` be~ysi*

ly}~ e} ~hi ai~e{hv}fmej jew o` ipib~} fb ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i we} e jew o` mey}ejf~v o` ~hi

}ib}fcji }v}~ia o` be~ysi4 ebn f~ ~hisiòsi ni~isafbi} whe~ }{imyje~fpi {hfjo}o{hv we}

moa{ijjin ~o jiepi ybni~isafbin* beaijv* ~hi jew òs e mey}ejf~v* ~hi mobmi{~ o` whfmh fb ~hi

je~~is we} objv bige~fpi4 ebn ~hisiòsi òs ~hi `fs}~ ~fai gfpi} ~hf} mobmi{~ oclim~fpi siejf~v"

^hf} }os~ o` msinib~fej o` ~hi aosej jew* pf|"* ~he~ f~ f} }i~ òs~h e} e {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi ninym~fob

o` `siinoa* whfmh f} e mey}ejf~v o` {ysi sie}ob* f} e }y``fmfib~ }yc}~f~y~i òs ejj e {sfosf ly}~f`fme~fob* }fbmi ~hiosi~fm sie}ob we} moa{ijjin ~o e}}yai e~ jie}~ ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o`

`siinoa* fb osnis ~o }e~f}`v e web~ o` f~} owb" @os ~hi aosej jew {sopi} f~} siejf~v* }o e} ipib

~o }e~f}`v ~hi msf~fuyi o` ~hi }{imyje~fpi sie}ob* cv ~hi èm~ ~he~ f~ enn} e {o}f~fpi ni`fbf~fob ~o

e mey}ejf~v {sipfoy}jv mobmifpin objv bige~fpijv* ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` whfmh we}

fbmoa{sihib}fcji ~o }{imyje~fpi sie}ob* whfmh vi~ we} moa{ijjin ~o }y{{o}i f~" @os f~ enn}

~hi bo~fob o` e sie}ob ~he~ nfsim~jv ni~isafbi} ~hi wfjj (cv fa{o}fbg ob f~} aexfa} ~hi

mobnf~fob o` e ybfpis}ej jigf}je~fpi òsa&4 ebn ~hy} f~ f} ecji òs ~hi `fs}~ ~fai ~o gfpi

oclim~fpi* ~hoygh objv {sem~fmej* siejf~v ~o sie}ob* whfmh ejwev} cimeai ~seb}mibnib~ whib f~

}oygh~ ~o {somiin }{imyje~fpijv wf~h f~} fnie}" F~ ~hy} mhebgi} ~hi ~seb}mibnib~ y}i o` sie}obfb~o eb faaebib~ y}i (}o ~he~ sie}ob f} f~}ij`* cv aieb} o` fnie}* eb i``fmfib~ mey}i fb ~hi `fijn

o` ix{isfibmi&"

^hi ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi mey}ejf~v o` cifbg} fb ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i* e} }ymh* meb bipis ci

ybmobnf~fobin4 ebn vi~ òs ipisv }isfi} o` mobnf~fob} ~hisi ay}~ ci }oai~hfbg ybmobnf~fobin*

ebn ~hisiòsi ~hisi ay}~ ci e mey}ejf~v whfmh f} ni~isafbin whojjv cv f~}ij`" Hibmi* ~hi fnie

o` `siinoa e} e èmyj~v o` ec}ojy~i }{ob~ebif~v we} bo~ òybn ~o ci e web~ cy~* e} ès e} f~}

{o}}fcfjf~v f} mobmisbin* eb ebejv~fm {sfbmf{ji o` {ysi }{imyje~fpi sie}ob" Cy~ e} f~ f}

ec}ojy~ijv fa{o}}fcji ~o `fbn fb ix{isfibmi ebv ixea{ji fb emmosnebmi wf~h ~hf} fnie* cimey}i

eaobg}~ ~hi mey}i} o` ~hfbg} e} {hiboaibe f~ woyjn ci fa{o}}fcji ~o aii~ wf~h ebv

ec}ojy~ijv ybmobnf~fobin ni~isafbe~fob o` mey}ejf~v* wi wisi objv ecji ~o niìbn oys }y{{o}f~fob ~he~ e `siijv em~fbg mey}i afgh~ ci e cifbg fb ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i* fb }o ès e} f~ f}




mob}fnisin fb ~hi o~his {ofb~ o` pfiw e} e boyaibob* }howfbg ~he~ ~hisi f} bo mob~senfm~fob fb

sigesnfbg ejj f~} em~fob} e} }yclim~ ~o {hv}fmej mobnf~fob} }o ès e} ~hiv esi {hiboaibe* ebn

vi~ sigesnfbg f~} mey}ejf~v e} {hv}fmejjv ybmobnf~fobin* fb }o ès e} ~hi em~fbg cifbg cijobg} ~o

~hi wosjn o` ybnis}~ebnfbg* ebn fb ~hy} aedfbg ~hi mobmi{~ o` `siinoa ~hi sigyje~fpi

{sfbmf{ji o` sie}ob" Cv ~hf} {sfbmf{ji F no bo~ fbniin jiesb whe~ ~hi oclim~ f} ~o whfmh ~he~ }os~

o` mey}ejf~v f} e~~sfcy~in4 cy~ F siaopi ~hi nf``fmyj~v* òs* ob ~hi obi }fni* fb ~hi ix{jebe~fob o` ipib~} fb ~hi wosjn* ebn mob}iuyib~jv ej}o o` ~hi em~fob} o` se~fobej cifbg}* F jiepi ~o ~hi

aimhebf}a o` {hv}fmej bimi}}f~v ~hi sfgh~ o` e}mibnfbg `soa mobnf~fobin ~o mobnf~fob en

fb`fbf~ya* whfji ob ~hi o~his }fni F dii{ o{ib òs }{imyje~fpi sie}ob ~hi {jemi whfmh òs f~ f}

pemeb~* beaijv* ~hi fb~ijjfgfcji* fb osnis ~o ~seb}ìs ~hi ybmobnf~fobin ~hf~his" Cy~ F we} bo~

ecji ~o pisf`v ~hf} }y{{o}f~fob4 ~he~ f}* ~o mhebgi f~ fb~o ~hi dbowjingi o` e cifbg }o em~fbg* bo~

ipib fb~o ~hi dbowjingi o` ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` }ymh e cifbg" ^hf} pemeb~ {jemi f} bow `fjjin cv

{ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob wf~h e ni`fbf~i jew o` mey}ejf~v fb eb fb~ijjfgfcji wosjn (mey}ejf~v wf~h

`siinoa&* beaijv* ~hi aosej jew"

]{imyje~fpi sie}ob noi} bo~ hisicv gefb ebv~hfbg e} sigesn} f~} fb}fgh~* cy~ objv e} sigesn}

~hi mis~efb~v o` f~} {socjiae~fmej bo~fob o` `siinoa* whfmh hisi oc~efb} oclim~fpi siejf~v*

whfmh* ~hoygh objv {sem~fmej* f} bipis~hiji}} ybnoyc~in" Ipib ~hi bo~fob o` mey}ejf~v! ~hie{{jfme~fob* ebn mob}iuyib~jv ~hi }fgbf`fme~fob* o` whfmh hojn} {so{isjv objv fb sije~fob ~o

{hiboaibe* }o e} ~o mobbim~ ~hia fb~o ix{isfibmi} (e} f} }howb cv ~hi Msf~fuyi o` [ysi

Sie}ob&! f} bo~ }o ibjesgin e} ~o ix~ibn f~} y}i civobn ~hi}i jfaf~}" @os f` sie}ob }oygh~ ~o no

~hf}* f~ woyjn hepi ~o }how how ~hi jogfmej sije~fob o` {sfbmf{ji ebn mob}iuyibmi meb ci y}in

}vb~hi~fmejjv fb e nf`ìsib~ }os~ o` fb~yf~fob `soa ~hi }ib}fcji4 ~he~ f} how e mey}e boyaibob f}

{o}}fcji" ^hf} f~ meb bipis no4 ebn* e} {sem~fmej sie}ob* f~ noi} bo~ ipib mobmisb f~}ij` wf~h f~*

}fbmi f~ objv {jemi} ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` mey}ejf~v o` aeb e} e }ib}fcji msie~ysi (whfmh

f} gfpib& fb {ysi sie}ob (whfmh f} ~hisiòsi mejjin {sem~fmej&4 ebn ~hisiòsi f~ ia{jov} ~hi

bo~fob o` mey}i* bo~ fb osnis ~o dbow oclim~}* cy~ ~o ni~isafbi mey}ejf~v fb sije~fob ~o oclim~}

fb gibisej" F~ meb ec}~sem~ ej~ogi~his `soa ~hi e{{jfme~fob o` ~hf} bo~fob ~o oclim~} wf~h e pfiw

~o ~hiosi~fmej dbowjingi (}fbmi ~hf} mobmi{~ f} ejwev} òybn e {sfosf fb ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg

ipib fbni{ibnib~jv o` ebv fb~yf~fob&" Sie}ob* ~hib* ia{jov} f~ objv òs e {sem~fmej {ys{o}i*

ebn hibmi wi meb ~seb}ìs ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj fb~o ~hi fb~ijjfgfcji osnis o`

~hfbg}* enaf~~fbg* e~ ~hi }eai ~fai* ~he~ wi mebbo~ ybnis}~ebn how ~hi bo~fob o` mey}i meb

ni~isafbi ~hi dbowjingi o` ~hi}i ~hfbg}" Cy~ sie}ob ay}~ mogbf}i mey}ejf~v wf~h si}{im~ ~o

~hi em~fob} o` ~hi wfjj fb ~hi }ib}fcji wosjn fb e ni`fbf~i aebbis4 o~hiswf}i* {sem~fmej sie}ob

moyjn bo~ siejjv {sonymi ebv em~fob" Cy~ e} ~o ~hi bo~fob whfmh f~ òsa} o` f~} owb mey}ejf~v e}

boyaibob* f~ biin bo~ ni~isafbi f~ ~hiosi~fmejjv wf~h e pfiw ~o ~hi mogbf~fob o` f~}

}y{is}ib}fcji ixf}~ibmi* }o e} ~o gfpi f~ }fgbf`fmebmi fb ~hf} wev" @os f~ emuyfsi} }fgbf`fmebmi

e{es~ `soa ~hf}* ~hoygh objv òs {sem~fmej y}i* beaijv* ~hsoygh ~hi aosej jew"

^hiosi~fmejjv pfiwin* f~ siaefb} ejwev} e {ysi e {sfosf mobmi{~ o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg* whfmhmeb ci e{{jfin ~o oclim~} whi~his ~hiv hepi ciib gfpib }ib}fcjv os bo~* ej~hoygh fb ~hi je~~is

me}i f~ he} bo ni`fbf~i ~hiosi~fmej }fgbf`fmebmi os e{{jfme~fob* cy~ f} objv e òsaej* ~hoygh

i}}ib~fej* mobmi{~fob o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg sije~fbg ~o eb oclim~ fb gibisej" ^hi }fgbf`fmebmi

whfmh sie}ob gfpi} f~ ~hsoygh ~hi aosej jew f} aisijv {sem~fmej* fbe}aymh e} ~hi fnie o` ~hi

fnie o` ~hi jew o` mey}ejf~v (o` ~hi wfjj& he} }ij` mey}ejf~v* os f} f~} ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji"

FF" O` ~hi Sfgh~ ~he~ [ysi Sie}ob fb f~} [sem~fmej y}i he} ~o eb Ix~ib}fob

whfmh f} bo~ {o}}fcji ~o f~ fb f~} ]{imyje~fpi Y}i

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_5 R{esegse{h 5>9q

Faaebyij Deb~< ^HI MSF^FUYI O@ [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB =;



Wi hepi fb ~hi aosej {sfbmf{ji }i~ òs~h e jew o` mey}ejf~v* ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` whfmh

f} }i~ ecopi ejj ~hi mobnf~fob} o` ~hi }ib}fcji wosjn4 wi hepi f~ mobmifpin how ~hi wfjj* e}

cijobgfbg ~o ~hi fb~ijjfgfcji wosjn* f} ni~isafbecji* ebn ~hisiòsi wi ~hisiòsi wi hepi f~}

}yclim~ (aeb& bo~ aisijv mobmifpin e} cijobgfbg ~o e wosjn o` {ysi ybnis}~ebnfbg* ebn fb ~hf}

si}{im~ ybdbowb (whfmh ~hi msf~fuyi o` }{imyje~fpi sie}ob ibecjin y} ~o no&* cy~ ej}o ni`fbin

e} sigesn} hf} mey}ejf~v cv aieb} o` e jew whfmh mebbo~ ci sinymin ~o ebv {hv}fmej jew o` ~hi}ib}fcji wosjn4 ebn ~hisiòsi oys dbowjingi f} ix~ibnin civobn ~hi jfaf~} o` ~he~ wosjn* e

{si~ib}fob whfmh ~hi Msf~fuyi o` [ysi Sie}ob nimjesin ~o ci `y~fji fb ejj }{imyje~fob" Bow*

how f} ~hi {sem~fmej y}i o` {ysi sie}ob hisi ~o ci simobmfjin wf~h ~hi ~hiosi~fmej* e} ~o ~hi

ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi jfaf~} o` f~} èmyj~v?

Nepfn Hyai* o` whoa wi aev }ev ~he~ hi moaaibmin ~hi e}}eyj~ ob ~hi mjefa} o` {ysi

sie}ob* whfmh aeni e ~hosoygh fbpi}~fge~fob o` f~ bimi}}esv* esgyin ~hy}< ^hi bo~fob o` mey}i

f} e bo~fob ~he~ fbpojpi} ~hi bimi}}f~v o` ~hi mobbixfob o` ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` nf`ìsib~ ~hfbg}

(ebn ~he~* fb }o ès e} ~hiv esi nf`ìsib~&* }o ~he~* gfpib E* F dbow ~he~ }oai~hfbg uyf~i nf}~fbm~

~hisi `soa* beaijv C* ay}~ bimi}}esfjv ej}o ixf}~" Bow bimi}}f~v meb ci e~~sfcy~in ~o e

mobbim~fob* objv fb }o ès e} f~ f} dbowb e {sfosf* òs ix{isfibmi woyjn objv ibecji y} ~odbow o` }ymh e mobbim~fob ~he~ f~ ixf}~}* bo~ ~he~ f~ bimi}}esfjv ixf}~}" Bow* f~ f} fa{o}}fcji*

}ev} hi* ~o dbow e {sfosf ebn e} bimi}}esv ~hi mobbim~fob ci~wiib obi ~hfbg ebn ebo~his (os

ci~wiib obi e~~sfcy~i ebn ebo~his uyf~i nf}~fbm~& whib ~hiv hepi bo~ ciib gfpib fb

ix{isfibmi" ^hisiòsi ~hi bo~fob o` e mey}i f} `fm~f~foy} ebn nijy}fpi ebn* ~o }{ied fb ~hi

afjni}~ wev* f} eb fjjy}fob* objv ixmy}ecji fbe}aymh e} ~hi my}~oa (e }yclim~fpi bimi}}f~v& o`

{ismifpfbg mis~efb ~hfbg}* os ~hifs e~~sfcy~i} e} o`~ib e}}omfe~in fb ixf}~ibmi ejobg wf~h os fb

}ymmi}}fob ~o obi ebo~his* f} fb}ib}fcjv ~edib òs eb oclim~fpi bimi}}f~v o` }y{{o}fbg }ymh e

mobbim~fob fb ~hi oclim~} ~hia}ijpi}4 ebn ~hy} ~hi bo~fob o` e mey}i he} ciib emuyfsin

}yssi{~f~foy}jv ebn bo~ jigf~fae~ijv4 bev* f~ meb bipis ci }o emuyfsin os ey~hib~fme~in* }fbmi f~

niaebn} e mobbim~fob fb f~}ij` pefb* mhfaisfmej* ebn yb~ibecji fb {si}ibmi o` sie}ob* ebn ~o

whfmh bo oclim~ meb ipis mossi}{obn" Fb ~hf} wev we} ia{fsfmf}a `fs}~ fb~sonymin e} ~hi }oji

}oysmi o` {sfbmf{ji}* e} ès e} ejj dbowjingi o` ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hfbg} f} mobmisbin

(ae~hiae~fm} ~hisiòsi siaefbfbg ixmi{~in&4 ebn wf~h ia{fsfmf}a ~hi ao}~ ~hosoygh

}mi{~fmf}a* ipib wf~h sigesn ~o ~hi whoji }mfibmi o` be~ysi( e} {hfjo}o{hv&" @os ob }ymh

{sfbmf{ji} wi meb bipis mobmjyni `soa gfpib e~~sfcy~i} o` ~hfbg} e} ixf}~fbg ~o e mob}iuyibmi

(òs ~hf} woyjn siuyfsi ~hi bo~fob o` mey}i* whfmh fbpojpi} ~hi bimi}}f~v o` }ymh e

mobbim~fob&4 wi meb objv* gyfnin cv faegfbe~fob* ix{im~ }fafjes me}i}! eb ix{im~e~fob whfmh

f} bipis mis~efb* howipis o` ~ib f~ he} ciib `yj`fjjin" O` bo ipib~ moyjn wi }ev< e mis~efb ~hfbg

ay}~ hepi {siminin f~* ob whfmh f~ bimi}}esfjv òjjowin4 ~he~ f}* f~ ay}~ hepi e mey}i4 ebn

~hisiòsi* howipis `siuyib~ ~hi me}i} wi hepi dbowb fb whfmh ~hisi we} }ymh eb eb~iminib~*

}o ~he~ e syji moyjn ci nisfpin `soa ~hia* vi~ wi bipis moyjn }y{{o}i f~ e} ejwev} ebnbimi}}esfjv }o he{{ibfbg4 wi }hoyjn* ~hisiòsi* ci ocjfgin ~o jiepi f~} }hesi ~o cjfbn mhebmi*

wf~h whfmh ejj y}i o` sie}ob moai} ~o eb ibn4 ebn ~hf} `fsajv i}~ecjf}hi} }mi{~fmf}a fb

siìsibmi ~o esgyaib~} e}mibnfbg `soa i`ìm~} ~o mey}i} ebn aedi} f~ fa{sigbecji"

Ae~hiae~fm} i}me{in wijj* }o ès* cimey}i Hyai ~hoygh~ ~he~ f~} {so{o}f~fob} wisi ebejv~fmej4

~he~ f}* {somiinin `soa obi {so{is~v ~o ebo~his* cv pfs~yi o` fnib~f~v ebn* mob}iuyib~jv*

emmosnfbg ~o ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` mob~senfm~fob" ^hf}* howipis* f} bo~ ~hi me}i* }fbmi* ob ~hi

mob~sesv* ~hiv esi }vb~hi~fmej4 ebn ej~hoygh gioai~sv* òs ixea{ji* he} bo~ ~o no wf~h ~hi

ixf}~ibmi o` ~hfbg}* cy~ objv wf~h ~hifs e {sfosf {so{is~fi} fb e {o}}fcji fb~yf~fob* vi~ f~

{somiin} ly}~ e} fb ~hi me}i o` ~hi mey}ej bo~fob* `soa obi {so{is~v (E& ~o ebo~his whojjv

nf}~fbm~ (C&* e} bimi}}esfjv mobbim~in wf~h ~hi òsais"

Faaebyij Deb~< ^HI MSF^FUYI O@ [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB =5



Bipis~hiji}}* ae~hiae~fmej }mfibmi* }o hfghjv peyb~in òs f~} e{onifm~fm mis~efb~v* ay}~ e~ je}~

èjj ybnis ~hf} ia{fsfmf}a òs ~hi }eai sie}ob òs whfmh Hyai {y~ my}~oa fb ~hi {jemi o`

oclim~fpi bimi}}f~v fb ~hi bo~fob o` mey}i ebn* fb }{f~i o` ejj f~} {sfni*

ay}~ mob}ib~ ~o jowis f~} cojn {si~ib}fob o` mjefafbg e}}ib~ e {sfosf ebn ni{ibn òs e}}ib~ ~o

~hi ybfpis}ejf~v o` f~} {so{o}f~fob} ob ~hi dfbnbi}} o` oc}ispis}* who* whib mejjin e}

wf~bi}}i}* woyjn }ysijv bo~ hi}f~e~i ~o enaf~ ~he~ whe~ ~hi gioai~is {so{oybn} e} e ~hiosia~hiv hepi ejwev} {ismifpin ~o ci ~hi èm~* ebn* mob}iuyib~jv* ej~hoygh f~ ci bo~ bimi}}esfjv

~syi* vi~ ~hiv woyjn {isaf~ y} ~o ix{im~ f~ ~o ci ~syi fb ~hi `y~ysi" Fb ~hf} aebbis Hyai'}

ia{fsfmf}a jien} fbipf~ecjv ~o }mi{~fmf}a* ipib wf~h sigesn ~o ae~hiae~fm}* ebn mob}iuyib~jv

fb ipisv }mfib~f`fm ~hiosi~fmej y}i o` sie}ob (òs ~hf} cijobg} if~his ~o {hfjo}o{hv os

ae~hiae~fm}&" Whi~his wf~h }ymh e ~issfcji opis~hsow o` ~hi mhfi` csebmhi} o` dbowjingi*

moaaob sie}ob wfjj i}me{i ci~~is* ebn wfjj bo~ se~his cimoai fssimopisecjv fbpojpin fb ~hf}

ni}~sym~fob o` ejj dbowjingi* }o ~he~ `soa ~hi }eai {sfbmf{ji} e ybfpis}ej }mi{~fmf}a }hoyjn

òjjow (e`ìm~fbg* fbniin* objv ~hi jiesbin&* ~hf} F wfjj jiepi ipisvobi ~o lyngi òs hfa}ij`"

E} sigesn} av owb jecoys} fb ~hi msf~fmej ixeafbe~fob o` {ysi sie}ob* whfmh wisi omme}fobin

cv Hyai'} }mi{~fmej ~iemhfbg* cy~ wib~ aymh `ys~his ebn iacsemin ~hi whoji `fijn o` {ysi~hiosi~fmej sie}ob fb f~} }vb~hi~fm y}i ebn* mob}iuyib~jv* ~hi `fijn o` whe~ f} mejjin

ai~e{hv}fm} fb gibisej4 F {somiinin fb ~hi òjjowfbg aebbis wf~h si}{im~ ~o ~hi noyc~} sef}in

cv ~hi ]mo~~f}h {hfjo}o{his ~oymhfbg ~hi bo~fob o` mey}ejf~v" F` Hyai ~ood ~hi oclim~} o`

ix{isfibmi òs ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi} (e} f} ejao}~ ejwev} nobi&* hi we} uyf~i sfgh~ fb nimjesfbg

~hi bo~fob o` mey}i ~o ci e nimi{~fob ebn èj}i fjjy}fob4 òs e} ~o ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi}* ebn

~hifs e~~sfcy~i} e} }ymh* f~ f} fa{o}}fcji ~o }ii whv cimey}i E f} gfpib* C* whfmh f} nf`ìsib~*

ay}~ bimi}}esfjv ci ej}o gfpib* ebn ~hisiòsi hi moyjn cv bo aieb} enaf~ }ymh eb e {sfosfdbowjingi o` ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi}" ]~fjj ji}} moyjn ~hf} emy~i wsf~is ejjow eb ia{fsfmej osfgfb

o` ~hf} mobmi{~* }fbmi ~hf} f} nfsim~jv mob~senfm~osv ~o ~hi bimi}}f~v o` mobbim~fob whfmh

mob}~f~y~i} ~hi i}}ibmi o` ~hi bo~fob o` mey}ejf~v* hibmi ~hi bo~fob we} {so}msfcin* ebn fb f~}

{jemi we} {y~ my}~oa fb ~hi oc}ispe~fob o` ~hi moys}i o` {ismi{~fob}"


F~ si}yj~in* howipis* `soa av fbuyfsfi}* ~he~ ~hi oclim~} wf~h whfmh wi hepi ~o no fb

ix{isfibmi esi cv bo aieb} ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi}* cy~ aisijv {hiboaibe4 ebn ~he~ ej~hoygh fb

~hi me}i o` ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi} f~ f} fa{o}}fcji ~o }ii how* f` E f} }y{{o}in* f~ }hoyjn ci

mob~senfm~osv ~he~ C* whfmh f} uyf~i nf`ìsib~ `soa E* }hoyjn bo~ ej}o ci }y{{o}in (f"i"* ~o }ii

~hi bimi}}f~v o` ~hi mobbim~fob ci~wiib E e} mey}i ebn C e} i`ìm~&4 vi~ f~ meb pisv wijj ci

mobmifpin ~he~* e} {hiboaibe* ~hiv aev ci bimi}}esfjv mobbim~in fb obi ix{isfibmi fb e

mis~efb wev (i"g"* wf~h sigesn ~o ~fai!sije~fob}&4 }o ~he~ ~hiv moyjn bo~ ci }i{ese~in wf~hoy~mob~senfm~fbg ~he~ mobbim~fob* cv aieb} o` whfmh ~hf} ix{isfibmi f} {o}}fcji fb whfmh ~hiv esi

oclim~} ebn fb whfmh ejobi ~hiv esi mogbf}ecji cv y}" Ebn }o f~ we} òybn ~o ci fb èm~4 }o ~he~

F we} ecji bo~ objv ~o {sopi ~hi oclim~fpi siejf~v o` ~hi mobmi{~ o` mey}i fb sigesn ~o oclim~}

o` ix{isfibmi* cy~ ej}o ~o ninymi f~ e} eb e {sfosf mobmi{~ cv sie}ob o` ~hi bimi}}f~v o` ~hi

mobbim~fob f~ fa{jfin4 ~he~ f}* ~o }how ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` f~} osfgfb `soa {ysi ybnis}~ebnfbg

wf~hoy~ ebv ia{fsfmej }oysmi}4 ebn ~hy}* e`~is siaopfbg ~hi }oysmi o` ia{fsfmf}a* F we} ecji

ej}o ~o opis~hsow ~hi fbipf~ecji mob}iuyibmi o` ~hf}* beaijv* }mi{~fmf}a* `fs}~ wf~h sigesn ~o

{hv}fmej }mfibmi* ebn ~hib wf~h sigesn ~o ae~hiae~fm} (fb whfmh ia{fsfmf}a he} ly}~ ~hi }eai

gsoybn}&* co~h cifbg }mfibmi} whfmh hepi siìsibmi ~o oclim~} o` {o}}fcji ix{isfibmi4

hisiwf~h opis~hsowfbg ~hi ~hosoygh noyc~ o` whe~ipis ~hiosi~fm sie}ob {soì}}i} ~o nf}misb"




Cy~ how f} f~ wf~h ~hi e{{jfme~fob o` ~hf} me~igosv o` mey}ejf~v (ebn ejj ~hi o~his}4 òs wf~hoy~

~hia ~hisi meb ci bo dbowjingi o` ebv~hfbg ixf}~fbg& ~o ~hfbg} whfmh esi bo~ oclim~} o`

{o}}fcji ix{isfibmi* cy~ jfi civobn f~} coybn}? @os F we} ecji ~o ninymi ~hi oclim~fpi siejf~v

o` ~hi}i mobmi{~} objv wf~h sigesn ~o oclim~} o` {o}}fcji ix{isfibmi" Cy~ ipib ~hf} pisv èm~*

~he~ F hepi }epin ~hia* objv fb me}i F hepi {sopin ~he~ oclim~} aev cv aieb} o` ~hia ci

~hoygh~* ~hoygh bo~ ni~isafbin e {sfosf4 ~hf} f~ f} ~he~ gfpi} ~hia e {jemi fb ~hi {ysiybnis}~ebnfbg* cv whfmh ~hiv esi siìssin ~o oclim~} fb gibisej (}ib}fcji os bo~ }ib}fcji&" F`

ebv~hfbg f} }~fjj web~fbg* f~ f} ~he~ whfmh f} ~hi mobnf~fob o` ~hi e{{jfme~fob o` ~hi}i me~igosfi}*

ebn i}{imfejjv ~he~ o` mey}ejf~v* ~o oclim~}* beaijv* fb~yf~fob4 òs whisi ~hf} f} bo~ gfpib* ~hi

e{{jfme~fob wf~h e pfiw ~o ~hiosi~fm dbowjingi o` ~hi oclim~* e} e boyaibob* f} fa{o}}fcji

ebn* ~hisiòsi* f` ebvobi pib~ysi} ob f~* f} (e} fb ~hi Msf~fuyi o` [ysi Sie}ob& ec}ojy~ijv

òscfnnib" ]~fjj* ~hi oclim~fpi siejf~v o` ~hi mobmi{~ (o` mey}ejf~v& siaefb}* ebn f~ meb ci y}in

ipib o` boyaibe* cy~ wf~hoy~ oys cifbg ecji fb ~hi jie}~ ~o ni`fbi ~hi mobmi{~ ~hiosi~fmejjv }o

e} ~o {sonymi dbowjingi" @os ~he~ ~hf} mobmi{~* ipib fb siìsibmi ~o eb oclim~* mob~efb}

bo~hfbg fa{o}}fcji* we} }howb cv ~hf}* ~he~* ipib whfji e{{jfin ~o oclim~} o` }ib}i* f~} }ie~

we} mis~efbjv `fxin fb ~hi {ysi ybnis}~ebnfbg4 ebn ej~hoygh* whib siìssin ~o ~hfbg} fb

~hia}ijpi} (whfmh mebbo~ ci oclim~} o` ix{isfibmi&* f~ f} bo~ me{ecji o` cifbg ni~isafbin }oe} ~o si{si}ib~ e ni`fbf~i oclim~ òs ~hi {ys{o}i o` ~hiosi~fm dbowjingi4 vi~ òs ebv o~his

{ys{o}i (òs fb}~ebmi* e {sem~fmej& f~ afgh~ ci me{ecji o` cifbg ni~isafbin }o e} ~o hepi }ymh

e{{jfme~fob" ^hf} moyjn bo~ ci ~hi me}i f`* e} Hyai aefb~efbin* ~hf} mobmi{~ o` mey}ejf~v

mob~efbin }oai~hfbg ec}ojy~ijv fa{o}}fcji ~o ci ~hoygh~"

Fb osnis bow ~o nf}mopis ~hf} mobnf~fob o` ~hi e{{jfme~fob o` ~hi }efn mobmi{~ ~o boyaibe* wi

biin objv simejj whv wi esi bo~ mob~ib~ wf~h f~} e{{jfme~fob ~o oclim~} o` ix{isfibmi* cy~

ni}fsi ej}o ~o e{{jv f~ ~o ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi}" F~ wfjj e{{ies* ~hib* ~he~ f~ f} bo~ e ~hiosi~fm cy~

e {sem~fmej {ys{o}i ~he~ aedi} ~hf} e bimi}}f~v" Fb }{imyje~fob* ipib f` wi wisi }ymmi}}`yj fb

f~* wi }hoyjn bo~ siejjv gefb ebv~hfbg fb ~hi dbowjingi o` be~ysi* os gibisejjv wf~h sigesn ~o

}ymh oclim~} e} esi gfpib* cy~ wi }hoyjn aedi e wfni }~i{ `soa ~hi }ib}fcjv mobnf~fobin (fb

whfmh wi hepi ejsienv iboygh ~o no ~o aefb~efb oys}ijpi}* ebn ~o òjjow mesi`yjjv ~hi mhefb

o` mey}i}& ~o ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji* fb osnis ~o moa{ji~i oys dbowjingi o` {sfbmf{ji} ebn ~o `fx f~}

jfaf~}4 whisie} ~hisi ejwev} siaefb} eb fb`fbf~i mhe}a yb`fjjin ci~wiib ~ho}i jfaf~} ebn whe~

wi dbow4 ebn wi }hoyjn hepi hiesdibin ~o e pefb mysfo}f~v se~his ~heb e }ojfn!ni}fsi o`

dbowjingi"

Cy~* ci}fni} ~hi sije~fob fb whfmh ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg }~ebn} ~o oclim~} (fb ~hiosi~fmej

dbowjingi&* f~ he} ej}o e sije~fob ~o ~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi* whfmh f} ~hisiòsi mejjin ~hi wfjj*

ebn ~hi {ysi wfjj* fbe}aymh e} {ysi ybnis}~ebnfbg (fb ~hf} me}i mejjin sie}ob& f} {sem~fmej

~hsoygh ~hi aisi mobmi{~fob o` e jew" ^hi oclim~fpi siejf~v o` e {ysi wfjj* os* whe~ f} ~hi }eai~hfbg* o` e {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob* f} gfpib fb ~hi aosej jew e {sfosf* e} f~ wisi* cv e èm~* òs }o

wi aev beai e ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj whfmh f} fbipf~ecji* ej~hoygh f~ noi} bo~ si}~ ob

ia{fsfmej {sfbmf{ji}" Bow* fb ~hi bo~fob o` e wfjj ~hi bo~fob o` mey}ejf~v f} ejsienv mob~efbin*

ebn hibmi ~hi bo~fob o` e {ysi wfjj mob~efb} ~he~ o` e mey}ejf~v emmoa{ebfin wf~h `siinoa*

~he~ f}* obi whfmh f} bo~ ni~isafbecji cv {hv}fmej jew}* ebn mob}iuyib~jv f} bo~ me{ecji o`

ebv ia{fsfmej fb~yf~fob fb {soo` o` f~} siejf~v* cy~* bipis~hiji}}* moa{ji~ijv ly}~f`fi} f~}

oclim~fpi siejf~v e {sfosf fb ~hi {ysi {sem~fmej jew4 bo~* fbniin (e} f} ie}fjv }iib& òs ~hi

{ys{o}i} o` ~hi ~hiosi~fmej* cy~ o` ~hi {sem~fmej y}i o` sie}ob" Bow ~hi bo~fob o` e cifbg ~he~

he} `sii wfjj f} ~hi bo~fob o` e mey}e boyaibob* ebn ~he~ ~hf} bo~fob fbpojpi} bo mob~senfm~fob*

wi esi ejsienv e}}ysin cv ~hi èm~! ~he~ fbe}aymh e} ~hi mobmi{~ o` mey}i he} esf}ib whojjv

`soa {ysi ybnis}~ebnfbg* ebn he} f~} oclim~fpi siejf~v e}}ysin cv ~hi ninym~fob* e} f~ f}aosiopis fb f~} osfgfb fbni{ibnib~ o` ebv }ib}fcji mobnf~fob}* f~ f}* ~hisiòsi* bo~ si}~sfm~in ~o

Faaebyij Deb~< ^HI MSF^FUYI O@ [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB ==



{hiboaibe (ybji}} wi web~in ~o aedi e ni`fbf~i ~hiosi~fm y}i o` f~&* cy~ meb ci e{{jfin

iuyejjv ~o ~hfbg} ~he~ esi oclim~} o` ~hi {ysi ybnis}~ebnfbg" Cy~* }fbmi ~hf} e{{jfme~fob mebbo~

si}~ ob ebv fb~yf~fob (òs fb~yf~fob meb objv ci }ib}fcji&* ~hisiòsi* mey}e boyaibob* e}

sigesn} ~hi ~hiosi~fm y}i o` sie}ob* ej~hoygh e {o}}fcji ebn ~hfbdecji* f} vi~ eb ia{~v bo~fob"

Bow* F no bo~ ni}fsi cv aieb} o` ~hf} ~o ybnis}~ebn ~hiosi~fmejjv ~hi be~ysi o` e cifbg* fb }o

ès e} f~ he} e {ysi wfjj4 f~ f} iboygh òs ai ~o hepi ~hisicv ni}fgbe~in f~ e} }ymh* ebn hibmi ~omoacfbi ~hi bo~fob o` mey}ejf~v wf~h ~he~ o` `siinoa (ebn whe~ f} fb}i{esecji `soa f~* ~hi

aosej jew* e} f~} ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji&" Bow* ~hf} sfgh~ F mis~efbjv hepi cv pfs~yi o` ~hi {ysi*

bo~!ia{fsfmej osfgfb o` ~hi bo~fob o` mey}i* }fbmi F no bo~ mob}fnis av}ij` ib~f~jin ~o aedi

ebv y}i o` f~ ixmi{~ fb siìsibmi ~o ~hi aosej jew whfmh ni~isafbi} f~} siejf~v* ~he~ f}* objv e

{sem~fmej y}i"

F`* wf~h Hyai* F hen nibfin ~o ~hi bo~fob o` mey}ejf~v ejj oclim~fpi siejf~v fb f~} T~hiosi~fmQ y}i*

bo~ aisijv wf~h sigesn ~o ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi} (~hi }y{is}ib}fcji&* cy~ ej}o wf~h sigesn ~o ~hi

oclim~} o` ~hi }ib}i}* f~ woyjn hepi jo}~ ejj }fgbf`fmebmi* ebn cifbg e ~hiosi~fmejjv fa{o}}fcji

bo~fob woyjn hepi ciib nimjesin ~o ci uyf~i y}iji}}4 ebn }fbmi whe~ f} bo~hfbg mebbo~ ci

aeni ebv y}i o`* ~hi {sem~fmej y}i o` e mobmi{~ ~hiosi~fmejjv byjj woyjn hepi ciib ec}ysn"Cy~* e} f~ f}* ~hi mobmi{~ o` e mey}ejf~v `sii `soa ia{fsfmej mobnf~fob}* ej~hoygh ia{~v* f"i"*

wf~hoy~ ebv e{{so{sfe~i fb~yf~fob&* f} vi~ ~hiosi~fmejjv {o}}fcji* ebn siìs} ~o eb fbni~isafbe~i

oclim~4 cy~ fb moa{ib}e~fob }fgbf`fmebmi f} gfpib ~o f~ fb ~hi aosej jew ebn mob}iuyib~jv fb e

{sem~fmej }ib}i" F hepi* fbniin* bo fb~yf~fob whfmh }hoyjn ni~isafbi f~} oclim~fpi ~hiosi~fm

siejf~v* cy~ bo~ ~hi ji}} f~ he} e siej e{{jfme~fob* whfmh f} ixhfcf~in fb mobmsi~o fb fb~ib~fob} os

aexfa}4 ~he~ f}* f~ he} e {sem~fmej siejf~v whfmh meb ci }{imf`fin* ebn ~hf} f} }y``fmfib~ ~o ly}~f`v

f~ ipib wf~h e pfiw ~o boyaibe"


Bow* ~hf} oclim~fpi siejf~v o` e {ysi mobmi{~ o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg fb ~hi }{hisi o` ~hi

}y{is}ib}fcji* obmi csoygh~ fb* gfpi} eb oclim~fpi siejf~v ej}o ~o ejj ~hi o~his me~igosfi}*

ej~hoygh objv }o ès e} ~hiv }~ebn fb bimi}}esv mobbixfob wf~h ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o`

~hi wfjj (~hi aosej jew&4 e siejf~v objv o` {sem~fmej e{{jfme~fob* whfmh he} bo~ ~hi jie}~ i`ìm~

fb ibjesgfbg oys ~hiosi~fmej dbowjingi o` ~hi}i oclim~}* os ~hi nf}misbaib~ o` ~hifs be~ysi cv

{ysi sie}ob" ]o wi }hejj `fbn ej}o fb ~hi }iuyij ~he~ ~hi}i me~igosfi} siìs objv ~o cifbg} e}

fb~ijjfgibmi}* ebn fb ~hia objv ~o ~hi sije~fob o` sie}ob ~o ~hi wfjj4 mob}iuyib~jv* ejwev} objv

~o ~hi {sem~fmej* ebn civobn ~hf} mebbo~ {si~ibn ~o ebv dbowjingi o` ~hi}i cifbg}4 ebn

whe~ipis o~his {so{is~fi} cijobgfbg ~o ~hi ~hiosi~fmej si{si}ib~e~fob o` }y{is}ib}fcji ~hfbg}

aev ci csoygh~ fb~o mobbixfob wf~h ~hi}i me~igosfi}* ~hf} f} bo~ ~o ci simdobin e} dbowjingi*

cy~ objv e} e sfgh~ (fb e {sem~fmej {ofb~ o` pfiw* howipis* f~ f} e bimi}}f~v& ~o enaf~ ebne}}yai }ymh cifbg}* ipib fb ~hi me}i whisi wi TmobmifpiQ }y{is}ib}fcji cifbg} (i"g"* Gon&

emmosnfbg ~o ebejogv* ~he~ f}* e {ysijv se~fobej sije~fob* o` whfmh wi aedi e {sem~fmej y}i wf~h

siìsibmi ~o whe~ f} }ib}fcji4 ebn ~hy} ~hi e{{jfme~fob ~o ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji }ojijv fb e {sem~fmej

{ofb~ o` pfiw noi} bo~ gfpi {ysi ~hiosi~fm sie}ob ~hi jie}~ ibmoysegiaib~ ~o syb sfo~ fb~o ~hi

~seb}mibnib~"

COOD_5zMHE[ÎS_3

MHE[ÎS FF

O` ~hi Mobmi{~ o` eb Oclim~ o` [ysi [sem~fmej Sie}ob

Faaebyij Deb~< ^HI MSF^FUYI O@ [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB =>



Cv e mobmi{~ o` ~hi {sem~fmej sie}ob F ybnis}~ebn ~hi fnie o` eb oclim~ e} eb i`ìm~ {o}}fcji ~o

ci {sonymin ~hsoygh `siinoa" ô ci eb oclim~ o` {sem~fmej dbowjingi* e} }ymh* }fgbf`fi}*

~hisiòsi* objv ~hi sije~fob o` ~hi wfjj ~o ~hi em~fob cv whfmh ~hi oclim~ os f~} o{{o}f~i woyjn

ci siejf|in4 ebn ~o nimfni whi~his }oai~hfbg f} eb oclim~ o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob os bo~ f}objv ~o nf}misb ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v os fa{o}}fcfjf~v o` wfjjfbg ~hi em~fob cv whfmh* f` wi hen ~hi

siuyfsin {owis (ecoy~ whfmh ix{isfibmi ay}~ nimfni&* e mis~efb oclim~ woyjn ci siejf|in" F`

~hi oclim~ ci ~edib e} ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` oys ni}fsi* f~ ay}~ `fs}~ ci dbowb whi~his

f~ f} {hv}fmejjv {o}}fcji cv ~hi `sii y}i o` oys {owis}* ciòsi wi nimfni whi~his f~ f} eb oclim~

o` {sem~fmej sie}ob os bo~" Ob ~hi o~his hebn* f` ~hi jew meb ci mob}fnisin e {sfosf e} ~hi

ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi em~fob* ebn ~hi je~~is ~hisiòsi e} ni~isafbin cv {ysi {sem~fmej

sie}ob* ~hi lyngiaib~ whi~his e ~hfbg f} eb oclim~ o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob os bo~ noi} bo~

ni{ibn e~ ejj ob ~hi moa{esf}ob wf~h oys {hv}fmej {owis4 ebn ~hi uyi}~fob f} objv whi~his wi

}hoyjn wfjj eb em~fob ~he~ f} nfsim~in ~o ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` eb oclim~* f` ~hi oclim~ wisi fb oys

{owis4 hibmi ~hi {sipfoy} uyi}~fob f} objv e} ~hi aosej {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi em~fob* òs fb ~hf}

me}i f~ f} bo~ ~hi oclim~* cy~ ~hi jew o` ~hi wfjj* ~he~ f} ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi em~fob"^hi objv oclim~} o` {sem~fmej sie}ob esi ~hisiòsi ~ho}i o` goon ebn ipfj" @os cv ~hi òsais f}

aieb~ eb oclim~ bimi}}esfjv ni}fsin emmosnfbg ~o e {sfbmf{ji o` sie}ob4 cv ~hi je~~is obi

bimi}}esfjv }hybbin* ej}o emmosnfbg ~o e {sfbmf{ji o` sie}ob"

F` ~hi bo~fob o` goon f} bo~ ~o ci nisfpin `soa eb eb~iminib~ {sem~fmej jew* cy~* ob ~hi

mob~sesv* f} ~o }ispi e} f~} òybne~fob* f~ meb objv ci ~hi bo~fob o` }oai~hfbg who}i ixf}~ibmi

{soaf}i} {jie}ysi* ebn ~hy} ni~isafbi} ~hi mey}ejf~v o` ~hi }yclim~ ~o {sonymi f~* ~he~ f} ~o }ev*

ni~isafbi} ~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi" Bow* }fbmi f~ f} fa{o}}fcji ~o nf}misb e {sfosf whe~ fnie wfjj

ci emmoa{ebfin wf~h {jie}ysi ebn whe~ wf~h {efb* f~ wfjj ni{ibn ob ix{isfibmi ejobi ~o `fbn

oy~ whe~ f} {sfaesfjv goon os ipfj" ^hi {so{is~v o` ~hi }yclim~* wf~h siìsibmi ~o whfmh ejobi

~hf} ix{isfaib~ meb ci aeni* f} ~hi ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi ebn {efb* e simi{~fpf~v cijobgfbg ~o ~hi

fb~isbej }ib}i4 ~hy} ~he~ objv woyjn ci {sfaesfjv goon wf~h whfmh ~hi }ib}e~fob o` {jie}ysi f}

faainfe~ijv mobbim~in* ebn ~he~ }fa{jv ipfj whfmh faainfe~ijv ixmf~i} {efb" ]fbmi* howipis*

~hf} f} o{{o}in ipib ~o ~hi y}egi o` jebgyegi* whfmh nf}~fbgyf}hi} ~hi {jie}eb~ `soa ~hi goon*

~hi yb{jie}eb~ `soa ~hi ipfj* ebn siuyfsi} ~he~ goon ebn ipfj }hejj ejwev} ci lyngin cv sie}ob*

ebn* ~hisiòsi* cv mobmi{~} whfmh meb ci moaaybfme~in ~o ipisvobi* ebn bo~ cv aisi

}ib}e~fob* whfmh f} jfaf~in ~o fbnfpfnyej T}yclim~}Q ebn ~hifs }y}mi{~fcfjf~v4 ebn* }fbmi

bipis~hiji}}* {jie}ysi os {efb mebbo~ ci mobbim~in wf~h ebv fnie o` eb oclim~ e {sfosf* ~hi

{hfjo}o{his who ~hoygh~ hfa}ij` ocjfgin ~o aedi e ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi ~hi òybne~fob o` hf}

{sem~fmej lyngiaib~} woyjn mejj ~he~ goon whfmh f} e aieb} ~o ~hi {jie}eb~* ebn ipfj* whe~ f} e

mey}i o` yb{jie}eb~bi}} ebn {efb4 òs ~hi lyngiaib~ ob ~hi sije~fob o` aieb} ~o ibn} mis~efbjv cijobg} ~o sie}ob" Cy~* ej~hoygh sie}ob f} ejobi me{ecji o` nf}misbfbg ~hi mobbixfob o` aieb}

wf~h ~hifs ibn} (}o ~he~ ~hi wfjj afgh~ ipib ci ni`fbin e} ~hi èmyj~v o` ibn}* }fbmi ~hi}i esi

ejwev} ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji} o` ~hi ni}fsi}&* vi~ ~hi {sem~fmej aexfa} whfmh woyjn òjjow

`soa ~hi eòsi}efn {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi goon cifbg aisijv e aieb}* woyjn bipis mob~efb e} ~hi

oclim~ o` ~hi wfjj ebv~hfbg goon fb f~}ij`* cy~ objv }oai~hfbg goon òs }oai~hfbg4 ~hi goon

woyjn ejwev} ci aisijv ~hi y}i`yj* ebn ~he~ òs whfmh f~ f} y}i`yj ay}~ ejwev} jfi oy~}fni ~hi

wfjj* fb }ib}e~fob" Bow f` ~hf} e} e {jie}eb~ }ib}e~fob wisi ~o ci nf}~fbgyf}hin `soa ~hi bo~fob

o` goon* ~hib ~hisi woyjn ci bo~hfbg {sfaesfjv goon e~ ejj* cy~ ~hi goon woyjn hepi ~o ci

}oygh~ objv fb ~hi aieb} ~o }oai~hfbg ij}i* beaijv* }oai {jie}eb~bi}}"

F~ f} eb ojn òsayje o` ~hi }mhooj}< Bfhfj e{{i~fay} bf}f }yc se~fobi cobf4 Bfhfj epis}eays bf}f }yc se~fobi aejf* ebn f~ f} y}in o`~ib mossim~jv* cy~ o`~ib ej}o fb e aebbis fblysfoy} ~o




{hfjo}o{hv* cimey}i ~hi ix{si}}fob} cobf ebn aejf esi eacfgyoy}* owfbg ~o ~hi {opis~v o`

jebgyegi* fb mob}iuyibmi o` whfmh ~hiv enaf~ e noycji }ib}i* ebn* ~hisiòsi* fbipf~ecjv csfbg

~hi {sem~fmej jew} fb~o eacfgyf~v4 ebn {hfjo}o{hv* whfmh fb ia{jovfbg ~hia cimoai} ewesi

o` ~hi nf`ìsib~ aiebfbg} fb ~hi }eai wosn* cy~ meb `fbn bo }{imfej ix{si}}fob} òs ~hia* f}

nsfpib ~o }yc~fji nf}~fbm~fob} ecoy~ whfmh ~hisi f} }yc}iuyib~jv bo ybebfaf~v* cimey}i ~hi

nf}~fbm~fob moyjn bo~ ci nfsim~jv aesdin cv ebv }yf~ecji ix{si}}fob6

"


^hi Gisaeb jebgyegi he} ~hi goon òs~ybi ~o {o}}i}} ix{si}}fob} whfmh no bo~ ejjow ~hf}

nf`ìsibmi ~o ci opisjoodin" F~ {o}}i}}i} ~wo pisv nf}~fbm~ mobmi{~} ebn i}{imfejjv nf}~fbm~

ix{si}}fob} òs ~he~ whfmh ~hi Je~fb} ix{si}} cv e }fbgji wosn* cobya" @os cobya f~ he} ne}Gy~i TgoonQ* ebn ne} Wohj Twijj* wiejQ* òs aejya ne} Co}i TipfjQ* ebn ne} Ycij Tfjj* cenQ* os

ne} Wijj TwoiQ" ]o ~he~ wi ix{si}} ~wo uyf~i nf}~fbm~ lyngiaib~} whib wi mob}fnis fb eb

em~fob ~hi goon ebn ipfj o` f~* os oys wiej ebn woi (fjj&" Hibmi f~ ejsienv òjjow} ~he~ ~hi

ecopi uyo~in {}vmhojogfmej {so{o}f~fob f} e~ jie}~ pisv noyc~`yj f` f~ f} ~seb}je~in< #Wi ni}fsi

bo~hfbg ixmi{~ wf~h e pfiw ~o oys wiej os woi#4 ob ~hi o~his hebn* f` wi sibnis f~ ~hy}<#Ybnis ~hi nfsim~fob o` sie}ob wi ni}fsi bo~hfbg ixmi{~ }o ès e} wi i}~iia f~ goon os ipfj*# f~

f} fbnycf~ecjv mis~efb ebn e~ ~hi }eai ~fai uyf~i mjiesjv ix{si}}in"

Wijj os fjj ejwev} fa{jfi} objv e siìsibmi ~o oys mobnf~fob* e} {jie}eb~ os yb{jie}eb~* e} obi

o` {jie}ysi os {efb* ebn f` wi ni}fsi os epofn eb oclim~ ob ~hf} emmoyb~* f~ f} objv }o ès e} f~ f}

siìssin ~o oys }ib}fcfjf~v ebn ~o ~hi ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi os {efb ~he~ f~ {sonymi}" Cy~ goon os

ipfj ejwev} fa{jfi} e siìsibmi ~o ~hi wfjj* e} ni~isafbin cv ~hi jew o` sie}ob* ~o aedi

}oai~hfbg f~} oclim~4 òs f~ f} bipis ni~isafbin nfsim~jv cv ~hi oclim~ ebn ~hi fnie o` f~* cy~ f} e

èmyj~v o` ~edfbg e syji o` sie}ob òs os ao~fpi o` eb em~fob (cv whfmh eb oclim~ aev ci

siejf|in&" Goon ebn ipfj ~hisiòsi esi {so{isjv siìssin ~o em~fob}* bo~ ~o ~hi }ib}e~fob} o` ~hi

{is}ob* ebn f` ebv~hfbg f} ~o ci goon os ipfj ec}ojy~ijv (f"i"* fb ipisv si}{im~ ebn wf~hoy~ ebv

`ys~his mobnf~fob&* os f} ~o ci }o i}~iiain* f~ meb objv ci ~hi aebbis o` em~fbg* ~hi aexfa o`

~hi wfjj* ebn mob}iuyib~jv ~hi em~fbg {is}ob hfa}ij` e} e goon os ipfj aeb ~he~ meb ci }o

mejjin* ebn bo~ e ~hfbg"

Howipis* ~hib* aib aev jeygh e~ ~hi ]~ofm* who fb ~hi }ipisi}~ {esoxv}a} o` goy~ msfin oy~<

#[efb* howipis ~hoy ~osaib~i}~ ai* F wfjj bipis enaf~ ~he~ ~hoy es~ eb ipfj (μεμϊα* aejya&#<

hi we} sfgh~" E cen ~hfbg f~ mis~efbjv we}* ebn hf} msv ci~sevin ~he~4 cy~ ~he~ ebv ipfj e~~emhin

~o hfa ~hisicv* ~hf} hi cen bo sie}ob whe~ipis ~o enaf~* òs {efb nfn bo~ fb ~hi jie}~ nfafbf}h

~hi wos~h o` hf} {is}ob* cy~ objv ~he~ o` hf} mobnf~fob" F` hi hen ciib mob}mfoy} o` e }fbgji jfi*

f~ woyjn hepi jowisin hf} {sfni* cy~ {efb }ispin objv ~o sef}i f~* whib hi we} mob}mfoy} ~he~hi hen bo~ ni}ispin f~ cv ebv ybsfgh~ioy} em~fob cv whfmh hi hen sibnisin hfa}ij` wos~hv o`

{ybf}haib~"

Whe~ wi mejj goon ay}~ ci eb oclim~ o` ni}fsi fb ~hi lyngiaib~ o` ipisv se~fobej aeb* ebn

ipfj eb oclim~ o` epis}fob fb ~hi ivi} o` ipisvobi4 ~hisiòsi* fb ennf~fob ~o }ib}i* ~hf}

lyngiaib~ siuyfsi} sie}ob" ]o f~ f} wf~h ~sy~h`yjbi}}* e} o{{o}in ~o jvfbg4 }o wf~h ly}~fmi* e}

o{{o}in ~o pfojibmi* m" Cy~ wi aev mejj e ~hfbg e cen Tos fjj& ~hfbg* whfmh vi~ ipisvobi ay}~

6 Ci}fni} ~hf}* ~hi ix{si}}fob }yc se~fobi cobf f} ej}o eacfgyoy}"@os f~ aev aieb< #Wi si{si}ib~ }oai~hfbg ~o

oys}ijpi} e} goon* whib ebn cimey}i wi ni}fsi (wfjj& f~#4 os #Wi ni}fsi }oai~hfbg cimey}i wi si{si}ib~ f~ ~o

oys}ijpi} e} goon*# }o ~he~ if~his ~hi ni}fsi ni~isafbi} ~hi bo~fob o` ~hi oclim~ e} e goon* os ~hi bo~fob o` goon

ni~isafbi} ~hi ni}fsi (~hi wfjj&4 }o ~he~ fb ~hi `fs}~ me}i }yc se~fobi cobf woyjn aieb* #Wi wfjj }oai~hfbg ybnis ~hi fnie o` ~hi goon#4 fb ~hi }imobn* #Fb mob}iuyibmi o` ~hf} fnie*# whfmh* e} ni~isafbfbg ~hi pojf~fob* ay}~

{simini f~"




e~ ~hi }eai ~fai emdbowjingi ~o ci goon* }oai~fai} nfsim~jv* }oai~fai} fbnfsim~jv" ^hi aeb

who }ycaf~} ~o e }ysgfmej o{ise~fob ìij} f~ bo noyc~ e} e cen ~hfbg* cy~ cv ~hifs sie}ob hi ebn

ipisvobi emdbowjingi f~ ~o ci goon" F` e aeb who nijfgh~} fb ebbovfbg ebn pixfbg {iemiecji

{io{ji e~ je}~ simifpi} e sfgh~ goon cie~fbg* ~hf} f} bo noyc~ e cen ~hfbg4 cy~ ipisvobi

e{{sopi} f~ ebn sigesn} f~ e} e goon ~hfbg* ipib ~hoygh bo~hfbg ij}i si}yj~in `soa f~4 bev* ipib

~hi aeb who simifpi} f~ ay}~ fb hf} sie}ob emdbowjingi ~he~ hi he} ai~ ly}~fmi* cimey}i hi}ii} ~hi {so{os~fob ci~wiib goon mobnym~ ebn goon òs~ybi* whfmh sie}ob fbipf~ecjv {jemi}

ciòsi hfa* hisi {y~ fb~o {sem~fmi"


Bo noyc~ oys wiej ebn woi esi o` pisv gsie~ fa{os~ebmi fb ~hi i}~fae~fob o` oys {sem~fmej

sie}ob* ebn e} ès e} oys be~ysi e} }ib}fcji cifbg} f} mobmisbin* oys he{{fbi}} f} ~hi objv

~hfbg o` mob}iuyibmi* {sopfnin f~ f} i}~fae~in e} sie}ob i}{imfejjv siuyfsi}* bo~ cv ~hi

~seb}f~osv }ib}e~fob* cy~ cv ~hi fb`jyibmi ~he~ ~hf} he} ob oys whoji ixf}~ibmi* ebn ob oys }e~f}èm~fob ~hisiwf~h4 cy~ f~ f} bo~ ec}ojy~ijv ~hi objv ~hfbg o` mob}iuyibmi" Aeb f} e cifbg

who* e} cijobgfbg ~o ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i* he} web~}* ebn }o ès hf} sie}ob he} eb o``fmi whfmh

f~ mebbo~ si`y}i* beaijv* ~o e~~ibn ~o ~hi fb~isi}~ o` hf} }ib}fcji be~ysi* ebn ~o òsa {sem~fmej

aexfa}* ipib wf~h e pfiw ~o ~hi he{{fbi}} o` ~hf} jfì* ebn f` {o}}fcji ipib ~o ~he~ o` e `y~ysi"

Cy~ hi f} bo~ }o moa{ji~ijv eb ebfaej e} ~o ci fbnf`ìsib~ ~o whe~ sie}ob }ev} ob f~} owb

emmoyb~* ebn ~o y}i f~ aisijv e} eb fb}~syaib~ òs ~hi }e~f}èm~fob o` hf} web~} e} e }ib}fcji

cifbg" @os ~hi {o}}i}}fob o` sie}ob woyjn bo~ sef}i hf} wos~h ecopi ~he~ o` ~hi csy~i}* f` f~ f}

~o }ispi hfa objv òs ~hi }eai {ys{o}i ~he~ fb}~fbm~ }ispi} fb ~hia4 f~ woyjn fb ~he~ me}i ci

objv e {es~fmyjes ai~hon whfmh be~ysi hen ia{jovin ~o iuyf{ aeb òs ~hi }eai ibn} òs

whfmh f~ he} uyejf`fin csy~i}* wf~hoy~ uyejf`vfbg hfa òs ebv hfghis {ys{o}i" Bo noyc~ obmi

~hf} essebgiaib~ o` be~ysi he} ciib aeni òs hfa hi siuyfsi} sie}ob fb osnis ~o ~edi fb~o

mob}fnise~fob hf} wiej ebn woi* cy~ ci}fni} ~hf} hi {o}}i}}i} f~ òs e hfghis {ys{o}i ej}o*

beaijv* bo~ objv ~o ~edi fb~o mob}fnise~fob whe~ f} goon os ipfj fb f~}ij`* ecoy~ whfmh objv

{ysi sie}ob* ybfb`jyibmin cv ebv }ib}fcji fb~isi}~* meb lyngi* cy~ ej}o ~o nf}~fbgyf}h ~hf}

i}~fae~i ~hosoyghjv `soa ~hi òsais ebn ~o aedi f~ ~hi }y{siai mobnf~fob ~hisio`"

Fb i}~fae~fbg whe~ f} goon os ipfj fb f~}ij`* e} nf}~fbgyf}hin `soa whe~ meb ci }o mejjin objv

sije~fpijv* ~hi òjjowfbg {ofb~} esi ~o ci mob}fnisin" If~his e se~fobej {sfbmf{ji f} ejsienv

mobmifpin* e} o` f~}ij` ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj* wf~hoy~ sigesn ~o {o}}fcji oclim~}

o` ni}fsi (ebn ~hisiòsi cv ~hi aosi jigf}je~fpi òsa o` ~hi aexfa&* ebn fb ~he~ me}i ~he~

{sfbmf{ji f} e {sem~fmej e {sfosf jew* ebn {ysi sie}ob f} }y{{o}in ~o ci {sem~fmej o` f~}ij`" ^hijew fb ~he~ me}i ni~isafbi} ~hi wfjj nfsim~jv4 ~hi em~fob mobòsain ~o f~ f} goon fb f~}ij`4 e wfjj

who}i aexfa ejwev} mobòsa} ~o ~hf} jew f} goon ec}ojy~ijv fb ipisv si}{im~ ebn f} ~hi

}y{siai mobnf~fob o` ejj goon" Os ~hi aexfa o` ~hi wfjj f} mob}iuyib~ ob e ni~isafbfbg

{sfbmf{ji o` ni}fsi whfmh {si}y{{o}i} eb oclim~ o` {jie}ysi os {efb* }oai~hfbg ~hisiòsi ~he~

{jie}i} os nf}{jie}i}* ebn ~hi aexfa o` sie}ob ~he~ wi }hoyjn {ys}yi ~hi òsais ebn epofn ~hi

je~~is ni~isafbi} oys em~fob} e} goon sije~fpijv ~o oys fbmjfbe~fob* ~he~ f}* goon fbnfsim~jv* f"i"*

sije~fpijv ~o e nf`ìsib~ ibn ~o whfmh ~hiv esi aieb}&* ebn fb ~he~ me}i ~hi}i aexfa} meb bipis

ci mejjin jew}* cy~ aev ci mejjin se~fobej {sem~fmej {simi{~}" ^hi ibn f~}ij`* ~hi {jie}ysi ~he~

wi }iid* f} fb ~hi je~~is me}i bo~ e goon cy~ e wijèsi4 bo~ e mobmi{~ o` sie}ob* cy~ eb

ia{fsfmej mobmi{~ o` eb oclim~ o` }ib}e~fob4 cy~ ~hi y}i o` ~hi aieb} ~hisi~o* ~he~ f}* ~hi

em~fob* f} bipis~hiji}} mejjin goon (cimey}i se~fobej nijfcise~fob f} siuyfsin òs f~&* bo~howipis* goon ec}ojy~ijv* cy~ objv sije~fpijv ~o oys }ib}yoy} be~ysi* wf~h sigesn ~o f~}




ìijfbg} o` {jie}ysi ebn nf}{jie}ysi4 cy~ ~hi wfjj who}i aexfa f} e`ìm~in ~hisicv f} bo~ e

{ysi wfjj4 ~hf} f} nfsim~in objv ~o ~he~ fb whfmh {ysi sie}ob cv f~}ij` meb ci {sem~fmej"

^hf} f} ~hi {so{is {jemi ~o ix{jefb ~hi {esenox o` ai~hon fb e msf~fuyi o` {sem~fmej sie}ob*

beaijv* ~he~ ~hi mobmi{~ o` goon ebn ipfj ay}~ bo~ ci ni~isafbin ciòsi ~hi aosej jew (o`

whfmh f~ }iia} e} f` f~ ay}~ ci ~hi òybne~fob&* cy~ objv e`~is f~ ebn cv aieb} o` f~"Fb èm~* ipib f` wi nfn bo~ dbow ~he~ ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` aosejf~v f} e {ysi e {sfosf jew

ni~isafbfbg ~hi wfjj* vi~* ~he~ wi aev bo~ e}}yai {sfbmf{ji} uyf~i gse~yf~oy}jv* wi ay}~* e~

jie}~ e~ `fs}~* jiepi f~ ybnimfnin* whi~his ~hi wfjj he} aisijv ia{fsfmej {sfbmf{ji} o`

ni~isafbe~fob* os whi~his f~ he} bo~ ej}o {ysi e {sfosf {sfbmf{ji}4 òs f~ f} mob~sesv ~o ejj syji}

o` {hfjo}o{hfmej ai~hon ~o e}}yai e} nimfnin ~he~ whfmh f} ~hi pisv {ofb~ fb uyi}~fob"

]y{{o}fbg ~he~ wi wf}hin ~o cigfb wf~h ~hi mobmi{~ o` goon* fb osnis ~o ninymi `soa f~ ~hi

jew} o` ~hi wfjj* ~hib ~hf} mobmi{~ o` eb oclim~ (e} e goon& woyjn e~ ~hi }eai ~fai e}}fgb ~o y}

~hf} oclim~ e} ~hi }oji ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj" Bow* }fbmi ~hf} mobmi{~ hen bo~ ebv

{sem~fmej e {sfosf jew òs f~} }~ebnesn* ~hi msf~isfob o` goon os ipfj moyjn bo~ ci {jemin fb

ebv~hfbg cy~ ~hi egsiiaib~ o` ~hi oclim~ wf~h oys ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi os {efb4 ebn ~hi y}i o`

sie}ob moyjn objv mob}f}~ fb ni~isafbfbg fb ~hi `fs}~ {jemi ~hf} {jie}ysi os {efb fb mobbixfobwf~h ejj ~hi }ib}e~fob} o` av ixf}~ibmi* ebn fb ~hi }imobn {jemi ~hi aieb} o` }imysfbg ~o

av}ij` ~hi oclim~ o` ~hi {jie}ysi" Bow* e} ix{isfibmi ejobi meb nimfni whe~ mobòsa} ~o ~hi

ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi* ebn cv hv{o~hi}f} ~hi {sem~fmej jew f} ~o ci ce}in ob ~hf} e} e mobnf~fob* f~

òjjow} ~he~ ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` e {sfosf {sem~fmej jew} woyjn ci e~ obmi ixmjynin* cimey}i f~

we} faegfbin ~o ci bimi}}esv `fs}~ o` ejj ~o `fbn eb oclim~ ~hi mobmi{~ o` whfmh* e} e goon*

}hoyjn mob}~f~y~i ~hi ybfpis}ej ~hoygh ia{fsfmej {sfbmf{ji o` ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj" Cy~

whe~ f~ we} bimi}}esv ~o fbuyfsi `fs}~ o` ejj we} whi~his ~hisi f} bo~ eb e {sfosf ni~isafbfbg

{sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj (ebn ~hf} moyjn bipis ci òybn ebvwhisi cy~ fb e {ysi {sem~fmej jew* fb }o

ès e} ~hf} jew {si}msfci} ~o aexfa} aisijv ~hifs òsa wf~hoy~ sigesn ~o eb oclim~&" ]fbmi*

howipis* wi jefn ~hi òybne~fob o` ejj {sem~fmej jew fb eb oclim~ ni~isafbin cv oys

mobmi{~fob} o` goon ebn ipfj* whisie} wf~hoy~ e {sipfoy} jew ~he~ oclim~ moyjn bo~ ci

mobmifpin cv ia{fsfmej mobmi{~}* wi hepi ni{sfpin oys}ijpi} ciòsihebn o` ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o`

ipib mobmifpfbg e {ysi {sem~fmej jew" Ob ~hi o~his hebn* f` wi hen `fs}~ fbpi}~fge~in ~hi je~~is

ebejv~fmejjv* wi }hoyjn hepi òybn ~he~ f~ f} bo~ ~hi mobmi{~ o` goon e} eb oclim~ ~he~

ni~isafbi} ~hi aosej jew ebn aedi} f~ {o}}fcji* cy~ ~he~* ob ~hi mob~sesv* f~ f} ~hi aosej jew

~he~ `fs}~ ni~isafbi} ~hi mobmi{~ o` goon ebn aedi} f~ {o}}fcji* }o ès e} f~ ni}ispi} ~hi beai

o` goon ec}ojy~ijv"

^hf} siaesd* whfmh objv mobmisb} ~hi ai~hon o` yj~fae~i i~hfmej fbuyfsfi}* f} o` fa{os~ebmi" F~

ix{jefb} e~ obmi ~hi omme}fob o` ejj ~hi af}~edi} o` {hfjo}o{his} wf~h si}{im~ ~o ~hi }y{siai

{sfbmf{ji o` aosej}" @os ~hiv }oygh~ òs eb oclim~ o` ~hi wfjj whfmh ~hiv moyjn aedi ~hiae~~is ebn {sfbmf{ji o` e jew (whfmh mob}iuyib~jv moyjn bo~ ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj nfsim~jv* cy~

cv aieb} o` ~he~ oclim~ siìssin ~o ~hi ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi os {efb4 whisie} ~hiv oygh~ `fs}~ ~o

hepi }iesmhin òs e jew ~he~ woyjn ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj e {sfosf ebn nfsim~jv* ebn e`~iswesn}

ni~isafbi ~hi oclim~ fb emmosnebmi wf~h ~hi wfjj&" Bow* whi~his ~hiv {jemin ~hf} oclim~ o`

{jie}ysi* whfmh we} ~o }y{{jv ~hi }y{siai mobmi{~fob o` goonbi}}* fb he{{fbi}}* fb

{isìm~fob* fb aosej TìijfbgQ* os fb ~hi wfjj o` Gon* ~hifs {sfbmf{ji fb ipisv me}i fa{jfin

hi~isoboav* ebn ~hiv ay}~ fbipf~ecjv moai y{ob ia{fsfmej mobnf~fob} o` e aosej jew* }fbmi

~hifs oclim~* whfmh we} ~o ci ~hi faainfe~i {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj* moyjn bo~ ci mejjin goon os

cen ixmi{~ fb f~} faainfe~i sije~fob ~o ìijfbg* whfmh f} ejwev} ia{fsfmej" F~ f} objv e òsaej

jew! ~he~ f}* obi whfmh {si}msfci} ~o sie}ob bo~hfbg aosi ~heb ~hi òsa o` f~} ybfpis}ej

jigf}je~fob e} ~hi }y{siai mobnf~fob o` f~} aexfa}! ~he~ meb ci e {sfosf e ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` {sem~fmej sie}ob" ^hi ebmfib~} epowin ~hf} issos wf~hoy~ mobmiejaib~ cv nfsim~fbg




ejj ~hifs aosej fbuyfsfi} ~o ~hi ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi bo~fob o` ~hi }yaaya cobya* whfmh ~hiv

fb~ibnin e`~iswesn} ~o aedi ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj fb ~hi aosej jew4 whisie} f~

f} objv ès je~is* whib ~hi aosej jew he} ciib `fs}~ i}~ecjf}hin òs f~}ij`* ebn }howb ~o ci ~hi

nfsim~ ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj* ~he~ ~hf} oclim~ meb ci {si}ib~in ~o ~hi wfjj* who}i

òsa f} bow ni~isafbin e {sfosf4 ebn ~hf} wi }hejj ybnis~edi fb ~hi Nfejim~fm o` ~hi {ysi

{sem~fmej sie}ob" ^hi aonisb}* wf~h whoa ~hi uyi}~fob o` ~hi }yaaya cobya he} gobi oy~o` è}hfob* os e~ jie}~ }iia} ~o hepi cimoai e }imobnesv ae~~is* hfni ~hi }eai issos ybnis

pegyi (ix{si}}fob} e} fb aebv o~his me}i}&" F~ }how} f~}ij`* bipis~hiji}}* fb ~hifs }v}~ia}* e} f~

ejwev} {sonymi} hi~isoboav o` {sem~fmej sie}ob4 ebn `soa ~hf} meb bipis ci nisfpin e aosej

jew gfpfbg ybfpis}ej moaaebn}"

Bow* }fbmi ~hi bo~fob} o` goon ebn ipfj* e} mob}iuyibmi} o` ~hi e {sfosf ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi

wfjj* fa{jv ej}o e {ysi {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji* ebn ~hisiòsi e mey}ejf~v o` {ysi sie}ob4 hibmi ~hiv

no bo~ osfgfbejjv siìs ~o oclim~} (}o e} ~o ci* òs fb}~ebmi* }{imfej aoni} o` ~hi }vb~hi~fm ybf~v

o` ~hi aebfòjn o` gfpib fb~yf~fob} fb obi mob}mfoy}bi}}& jfdi ~hi {ysi mobmi{~} o` ~hi

ybnis}~ebnfbg os me~igosfi} o` sie}ob fb f~} ~hiosi~fm ia{jovaib~4 ob ~hi mob~sesv* ~hiv

{si}y{{o}i ~he~ oclim~} esi gfpib4 cy~ ~hiv esi ejj aoni} (aonf& o` e }fbgji me~igosv* beaijv*~he~ o` mey}ejf~v* ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` whfmh mob}f}~} fb ~hi se~fobej mobmi{~fob o` e

jew* whfmh e} e jew o` `siinoa sie}ob gfpi} ~o f~}ij`* ~hisicv e {sfosf {sopfbg f~}ij` {sem~fmej"

Howipis* e} ~hi em~fob} ob ~hi obi }fni moai ybnis e jew whfmh f} bo~ e {hv}fmej jew* cy~ e

jew o` `siinoa* ebn mob}iuyib~jv cijobg ~o ~hi mobnym~ o` cifbg} fb ebn mob}iuyib~jv ~hi

mob}iuyib~jv cijobg ~o ~hi cifbg} fb ~hi wosjn o` fb~ijjfgibmi* vi~ ob ~hi o~his }fni e} ipib~}

fb ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i ~hiv cijobg ~o {hiboaibe4 hibmi ~hi ni~isafbe~fob} o` e {sem~fmej

sie}ob esi objv {o}}fcji fb siìsibmi ~o ~hi je~~is ebn* ~hisiòsi* fb emmosnebmi wf~h ~hi

me~igosfi} o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg4 bo~ fbniin wf~h e pfiw ~o ebv ~hiosi~fm ia{jovaib~ o` f~* f"i"*

}o e} ~o csfbg ~hi aebfòjn o` (}ib}fcji& fb~yf~fob ybnis obi mob}mfoy}bi}} e {sfosf4 cy~ objv

~o }yclim~ ~hi aebfòjn o` ni}fsi} ~o ~hi ybf~v o` mob}mfoy}bi}} o` e {sem~fmej sie}ob* gfpfbg f~

moaaebn} fb ~hi aosej jew* f"i"* ~o e {ysi wfjj e {sfosf"


^hi}i me~igosfi} o` `siinoa! òs }o wi mhoo}i ~o mejj ~hia fb mob~se}~ ~o ~ho}i ~hiosi~fm

me~igosfi} whfmh esi me~igosfi} o` {hv}fmej be~ysi! hepi eb ocpfoy} enpeb~egi opis ~hi je~~is*

fbe}aymh e} ~hi je~~is esi objv òsa} o` ~hoygh~ whfmh ni}fgbe~i oclim~} fb eb fbni`fbf~i

aebbis cv aieb} o` ybfpis}ej mobmi{~ o` ipisv {o}}fcji fb~yf~fob4 ~hi òsais* ob ~hi mob~sesv*

siìs ~o ~hi ni~isafbe~fob o` e `sii ijim~fpi wfjj (~o whfmh fbniin bo ixem~jv mossi}{obnfbg

fb~yf~fob meb ci e}}fgbin* cy~ whfmh he} e} f~} òybne~fob e {ysi {sem~fmej e {sfosf jew* whfmh

f} bo~ ~hi me}i wf~h ebv mobmi{~} cijobgfbg ~o ~hi ~hiosi~fm y}i o` oys mogbf~fpi èmyj~fi}&4hibmi* fb}~ien o` ~hi òsa o` fb~yf~fob (}{emi ebn ~fai&* whfmh noi} bo~ jfi fb sie}ob f~}ij`* cy~

he} ~o ci nsewb `soa ebo~his }oysmi* beaijv* ~hi }ib}fcfjf~v* ~hi}i cifbg ijiaib~esv {sem~fmej

mobmi{~} hepi e} ~hifs òybne~fob ~hi òsa o` e {ysi wfjj* whfmh f} gfpib fb sie}ob ebn*

~hisiòsi* fb ~hi ~hfbdfbg èmyj~v f~}ij`" @soa ~hf} f~ he{{ib} ~he~ e} ejj {simi{~} o` {ysi

{sem~fmej sie}ob hepi ~o no objv wf~h ~hi ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj* bo~ wf~h ~hi {hv}fmej

mobnf~fob} (o` {sem~fmej ecfjf~v& o` ~hi iximy~fob o` obi'} {ys{o}i* ~hi {sem~fmej e {sfosf {sfbmf{ji} fb sije~fob ~o ~hi }y{siai {sfbmf{ji o` `siinoa esi e~ obmi mogbf~fob}* ebn hepi bo~

~o wef~ òs fb~yf~fob} fb osnis ~o emuyfsi }fgbf`fmebmi* ebn ~he~ òs ~hf} siaesdecji sie}ob*

cimey}i ~hiv ~hia}ijpi} {sonymi ~hi siejf~v o` ~he~ ~o whfmh ~hiv siìs (~hi fb~ib~fob o` ~hi

wfjj&* whfmh f} bo~ ~hi me}i wf~h ~hiosi~fmej mobmi{~}" Objv wi ay}~ ci mesi`yj ~o oc}ispi ~he~

~hi}i me~igosfi} objv e{{jv ~o ~hi {sem~fmej sie}ob4 ebn ~hy} ~hiv {somiin fb osnis `soa ~ho}i




whfmh esi e} vi~ }yclim~ ~o }ib}fcji mobnf~fob} ebn aosejjv fbni~isafbe~i ~o ~ho}i whfmh esi

`sii `soa }ib}fcji mobnf~fob} ebn ni~isafbin aisijv cv ~hi aosej jew"

^ecji o` ~hi Me~igosfi} o` @siinoa sije~fpijv ~o ~hi Bo~fob} o` Goon ebn Ipfj

F" UYEB^F^V"


]yclim~fpi* emmosnfbg ~o aexfa} ({sem~fmej o{fbfob} o` ~hi fbnfpfnyej&

Oclim~fpi* emmosnfbg ~o {sfbmf{ji} ([simi{~}&

E {sfosf co~h oclim~fpi ebn }yclim~fpi {sfbmf{ji} o` `siinoa (jew}&


FF" UYEJF^V"

[sem~fmej syji} o` em~fob ({seimi{~fpei&

[sem~fmej syji} o` oaf}}fob ({sohfcf~fpei&

[sem~fmej syji} o` ixmi{~fob} (ixmi{~fpei&


FFF" SIJE^FOB"

^o {is}obejf~v ~o ~hi mobnf~fob o` ~hi {is}ob"

Simf{somej* o` obi {is}ob ~o ~hi o~his} o` ~hi o~his}"


FP" AONEJF^V"

^hi [isaf~~in ebn ~hi @oscfnnib

Ny~v ebn ~hi mob~sesv ~o ny~v"

Faaebyij Deb~< ^HI MSF^FUYI O@ [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB >;



[isìm~ ebn fa{isìm~ ny~v"


F~ wfjj e~ obmi ci oc}ispin ~he~ fb ~hf} ~ecji `siinoa f} mob}fnisin e} e }os~ o` mey}ejf~v bo~

}yclim~ ~o ia{fsfmej {sfbmf{ji} o` ni~isafbe~fob* fb sigesn ~o em~fob} {o}}fcji cv f~* whfmh esi

{hiboaibe fb ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i* ebn ~he~ mob}iuyib~jv f~ f} siìssin ~o ~hi me~igosfi} whfmhmobmisb f~} {hv}fmej {o}}fcfjf~v* whfj}~ vi~ iemh me~igosv f} ~edib }o ybfpis}ejjv ~he~ ~hi

ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~he~ mey}ejf~v meb ci {jemin oy~}fni ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i fb `siinoa e}

e {so{is~v o` e cifbg fb ~hi wosjn o` fb~ijjfgibmi4 ebn `fbejjv ~hi me~igosfi} o` aonejf~v

fb~sonymi ~hi ~seb}f~fob `soa {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji} gibisejjv ~o ~ho}i o` aosejf~v* cy~ objv

{socjiae~fmejjv" ^hi}i meb ci i}~ecjf}hin nogae~fmejjv objv cv ~hi aosej jew"

F enn bo~hfbg `ys~his hisi fb ix{jebe~fob o` ~hi {si}ib~ ~ecji* }fbmi f~ f} fb~ijjfgfcji iboygh o`

f~}ij`" E nfpf}fob o` ~hf} dfbn ce}in ob {sfbmf{ji} f} pisv y}i`yj fb ebv }mfibmi* co~h òs ~hi

}edi o` ~hosoyghbi}} ebn fb~ijjfgfcfjf~v" ^hy}* òs fb}~ebmi* wi dbow `soa ~hi {siminfbg ~ecji

ebn f~} `fs}~ byacis whe~ wi ay}~ cigfb `soa fb {sem~fmej fbuyfsfi}4 beaijv* `soa ~hi aexfa}

whfmh ipisv obi òybn} ob hf} owb fbmjfbe~fob}4 ~hi {simi{~} whfmh hojn òs e }{imfi} o`

se~fobej cifbg} }o ès e} ~hiv egsii fb mis~efb fbmjfbe~fob}4 ebn `fbejjv ~hi jew whfmh hojn} òs

ejj wf~hoy~ sigesn ~o ~hifs fbmjfbe~fob}* i~m" Fb ~hf} wev wi }yspiv ~hi whoji {jeb o` whe~ he}

~o ci nobi* ipisv uyi}~fob o` {sem~fmej {hfjo}o{hv ~he~ he} ~o ci eb}wisin* ebn ej}o ~hi osnis

~he~ f} ~o ci òjjowin"

O` ~hi ^v{fm o` ~hi [ysi [sem~fmej Lyngiaib~


F~ f} ~hi bo~fob} o` goon ebn ipfj ~he~ `fs}~ ni~isafbi eb oclim~ o` ~hi wfjj" ^hiv ~hia}ijpi}*

howipis* esi }yclim~ ~o e {sem~fmej syji o` sie}ob whfmh* f` f~ f} {ysi sie}ob* ni~isafbi} ~hi

wfjj e {sfosf sije~fpijv ~o f~} oclim~" Bow* whi~his eb em~fob whfmh f} {o}}fcji ~o y} fb ~hi

wosjn o` }ib}i* moai} ybnis ~hi syji os bo~* f} e uyi}~fob ~o ci nimfnin cv ~hi {sem~fmej

lyngiaib~* cv whfmh whe~ f} }efn fb ~hi syji ybfpis}ejjv (fb ec}~sem~o& f} e{{jfin ~o eb em~fob

fb mobmsi~o" Cy~ }fbmi e {sem~fmej syji o` {ysi sie}ob fb ~hi `fs}~ {jemi e} {sem~fmej mobmisb} ~hi

ixf}~ibmi o` eb oclim~* ebn fb ~hi }imobn {jemi e} e {sem~fmej syji o` {ysi sie}ob fa{jfi}

bimi}}f~v e} sigesn} ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hi em~fob ebn* ~hisiòsi* f} e {sem~fmej jew* bo~ e {hv}fmej

jew ni{ibnfbg ob ia{fsfmej {sfbmf{ji} o` ni~isafbe~fob* cy~ e jew o` `siinoa cv whfmh ~hiwfjj f} ~o ci ni~isafbin fbni{ibnib~jv ob ebv~hfbg ia{fsfmej (aisijv cv ~hi mobmi{~fob o` e

Faaebyij Deb~< ^HI MSF^FUYI O@ [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB >5



jew ebn f~} òsa&* whisie} ejj fb}~ebmi} ~he~ meb ommys o` {o}}fcji em~fob} meb objv ci

ia{fsfmej* ~he~ f}* cijobg ~o ~hi ix{isfibmi o` {hv}fmej be~ysi4 hibmi* f~ }iia} ec}ysn ~o

ix{im~ ~o `fbn fb ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i e me}i whfmh* whfji e} }ymh f~ ni{ibn} objv ob ~hi jew o`

be~ysi* vi~ enaf~} o` ~hi e{{jfme~fob ~o f~ o` e jew o` `siinoa* ebn ~o whfmh wi meb e{{jv ~hi

}y{is}ib}fcji fnie o` ~hi aosejjv goon whfmh f} ~o ci ixhfcf~in fb f~ fb mobmsi~o" ^hy}* ~hi

lyngiaib~ o` ~hi {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob f} }yclim~ ~o ~hi }eai nf``fmyj~fi} e} ~he~ o` ~hi {ysi~hiosi~fmej sie}ob" ^hi je~~is* howipis* hen aieb} e~ hebn o` i}me{fbg `soa ~hi}i nf``fmyj~fi}*

cimey}i* fb sigesn ~o ~hi ~hiosi~fmej ia{jovaib~* fb~yf~fob} wisi siuyfsin ~o whfmh {ysi

mobmi{~} o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg moyjn ci e{{jfin* ebn }ymh fb~yf~fob} (~hoygh objv o` oclim~} o`

~hi }ib}i}& meb ci gfpib e {sfosf ebn* ~hisiòsi* e} ès e} sigesn} ~hi ybfob o` ~hi aebfòjn fb

~hia* mobòsafbg ~o ~hi {ysi e {sfosf mobmi{~} o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg e} }mhiae~e" Ob ~hi o~his

hebn* ~hi aosejjv goon f} }oai~hfbg who}i oclim~ f} }y{is}ib}fcji4 òs whfmh* ~hisiòsi*

bo~hfbg mossi}{obnfbg meb ci òybn fb ebv }ib}fcji fb~yf~fob" Lyngiaib~ ni{ibnfbg ob jew}

o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob }iia}* ~hisiòsi* ~o ci }yclim~ ~o }{imfej nf``fmyj~fi} esf}fbg `soa ~hf}*

~he~ e jew o` `siinoa f} ~o ci e{{jfin ~o em~fob}* whfmh esi ipib~} ~edfbg {jemi fb ~hi wosjn o`

}ib}i* ebn whfmh* }o ès* cijobg ~o {hv}fmej be~ysi"

Cy~ hisi egefb f} o{ibin e èpoysecji {so}{im~ òs ~hi {ysi {sem~fmej lyngiaib~" Whib F

}yc}yai ybnis e {ysi {sem~fmej jew eb em~fob {o}}fcji ~o ai fb ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i* F ea bo~

mobmisbin wf~h ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi em~fob e} eb ipib~ fb ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i" ^hf} f} e ae~~is

~he~ cijobg} ~o ~hi nimf}fob o` sie}ob fb f~} ~hiosi~fm y}i emmosnfbg ~o ~hi jew o` mey}ejf~v*

whfmh f} e {ysi mobmi{~ o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg* òs whfmh sie}ob he} e }mhiae fb ~hi }ib}fcji

fb~yf~fob" [hv}fmej mey}ejf~v* os ~hi mobnf~fob ybnis whfmh f~ ~edi} {jemi* cijobg} ~o ~hi

{hv}fmej mobmi{~}* ~hi }mhiae o` whfmh f} }di~mhin cv ~seb}mibnib~ej faegfbe~fob" Hisi*

howipis* wi hepi ~o no* bo~ wf~h ~hi }mhiae o` e me}i ~he~ ommys} emmosnfbg ~o jew}* cy~ wf~h

~hi }mhiae o` e jew f~}ij` (f` ~hi wosn f} ejjowecji hisi&* }fbmi ~hi èm~ ~he~ ~hi wfjj (bo~ ~hi

em~fob sije~fpijv ~o f~} i`ìm~& f} ni~isafbin cv ~hi jew ejobi wf~hoy~ ebv o~his {sfbmf{ji*

mobbim~} ~hi bo~fob o` mey}ejf~v wf~h uyf~i nf`ìsib~ mobnf~fob} `soa ~ho}i whfmh mob}~f~y~i

{hv}fmej mobbim~fob"

^hi {hv}fmej jew cifbg e jew ~o whfmh ~hi oclim~} o` }ib}fcji fb~yf~fob* e} }ymh* esi }yclim~*

ay}~ hepi e }mhiae mossi}{obnfbg ~o f~! ~he~ f}* e gibisej {sominysi o` ~hi faegfbe~fob (cv

whfmh f~ ixhfcf~} e {sfosf ~o ~hi }ib}i} ~hi {ysi mobmi{~ o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg whfmh ~hi jew

ni~isafbi}&" Cy~ ~hi jew o` `siinoa (~he~ f}* o` e mey}ejf~v bo~ }yclim~ ~o }ib}fcji mobnf~fob}&*

ebn mob}iuyib~jv ~hi mobmi{~ o` ~hi ybmobnf~fobejjv goon* mebbo~ hepi ebv fb~yf~fob* bos

mob}iuyib~jv ebv }mhiae }y{{jfin ~o f~ òs ~hi {ys{o}i o` f~} e{{jfme~fob fb mobmsi~o"

Mob}iuyib~jv ~hi aosej jew he} bo èmyj~v cy~ ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg ~o efn f~} e{{jfme~fob ~o

{hv}fmej oclim~} (bo~ ~hi faegfbe~fob&4 ebn ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg òs ~hi {ys{o}i} o` ~hi lyngiaib~ meb {sopfni òs eb fnie o` ~hi sie}ob* bo~ e }mhiae o` ~hi }ib}fcfjf~v* cy~ e jew*

~hoygh objv e} ~o f~} òsa e} jew4 }ymh e jew* howipis* e} meb ci ixhfcf~in fb mobmsi~o fb

oclim~} o` ~hi }ib}i}* ebn ~hisiòsi e jew o` be~ysi" Wi meb ~hisiòsi mejj ~hf} jew ~hi ~v{i o`

~hi aosej jew"

^hi syji o` ~hi lyngiaib~ emmosnfbg ~o jew} o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob f} ~hf}< e}d voys}ij`

whi~his* f` ~hi em~fob voy {so{o}i wisi ~o ~edi {jemi cv e jew o` ~hi }v}~ia o` be~ysi o`

whfmh voy wisi voys}ij` e {es~* voy moyjn sigesn f~ e} {o}}fcji cv voys owb wfjj" Ipisvobi

noi}* fb èm~* nimfni cv ~hf} syji whi~his em~fob} esi aosejjv goon os ipfj" ^hy}* {io{ji }ev<

#F` ipisvobi {isaf~~in hfa}ij` ~o nimifpi* whib hi ~hoygh~ f~ ~o hf} enpeb~egi4 os ~hoygh~

hfa}ij` ly}~f`fin fb }hos~ibfbg hf} jfì e} }oob e} hi we} ~hosoyghjv wiesv o` f~4 os joodinwf~h {isìm~ fbnf`ìsibmi ob ~hi bimi}}f~v o` o~his}4 ebn f` voy cijobgin ~o }ymh eb osnis o`




~hfbg}* woyjn voy no }o wf~h ~hi e}}ib~ o` voys owb wfjj?# Bow ipisvobi dbow} wijj ~he~ f`

hi }imsi~jv ejjow} hfa}ij` ~o nimifpi* f~ noi} bo~ òjjow ~he~ ipisvobi ij}i noi} }o4 os f`*

yboc}ispin* hi f} ni}~f~y~i o` moa{e}}fob* o~his} woyjn bo~ bimi}}esfjv ci }o ~o hfa4 hibmi*

~hf} moa{esf}ob o` ~hi aexfa o` hf} em~fob} wf~h e ybfpis}ej jew o` be~ysi f} bo~ ~hi

ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` hf} wfjj" ]ymh e jew f}* bipis~hiji}}* e ~v{i o` ~hi i}~fae~fob o` ~hi

aexfa ob aosej {sfbmf{ji}" F` ~hi aexfa o` ~hi em~fob f} bo~ }ymh e} ~o }~ebn ~hi ~i}~ o` ~hiòsa o` e ybfpis}ej jew o` be~ysi* ~hib f~ f} aosejjv fa{o}}fcji" ^hf} f} ~hi lyngiaib~ ipib o`

moaaob }ib}i4 òs f~} osnfbesv lyngiaib~}* ipib ~ho}i o` ix{isfibmi* esi ejwev} ce}in ob ~hi

jew o` be~ysi" F~ he} f~ ~hisiòsi ejwev} e~ hebn* objv ~he~ fb me}i} whisi mey}ejf~v `soa

`siinoa f} ~o ci msf~fmf}in* f~ aedi} ~he~ jew o` be~ysi objv ~hi ~v{i o` e jew o` `siinoa*

cimey}i* wf~hoy~ }oai~hfbg whfmh f~ moyjn y}i e} eb ixea{ji fb e me}i o` ix{isfibmi* f~ moyjn

bo~ gfpi ~hi jew o` e {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob f~} {so{is y}i fb {sem~fmi"

F~ f} ~hisiòsi ejjowecji ~o y}i ~hi }v}~ia o` ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i e} ~hi ~v{i o` e }y{is}ib}fcji

}v}~ia o` ~hfbg}* {sopfnin F no bo~ ~seb}ìs ~o ~hi je~~is ~hi fb~yf~fob}* ebn whe~ ni{ibn} ob

~hia* cy~ aisijv e{{jv ~o f~ ~hi òsa o` jew fb gibisej (~hi bo~fob o` whfmh ommys} ipib fb ~hi

moaaobi}~ y}i o` sie}ob* cy~ mebbo~ ci ni`fbf~ijv dbowb e {sfosf òs ebv o~his {ys{o}i ~heb~hi {ysi {sem~fmej y}i o` sie}ob&4 òs jew}* e} }ymh* esi }o ès fnib~fmej* bo ae~~is `soa whe~

~hiv nisfpi ~hifs ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji}"


@ys~his* }fbmi o` ejj ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji ec}ojy~ijv bo~hfbg Tf} dbowbQ ixmi{~ `siinoa (~hsoygh

~hi aosej jew&* ebn ~hf} objv }o ès e} f~ f} fb}i{esecjv fa{jfin fb ~he~ jew* ebn aosiopis ejj

}y{is}ib}fcji oclim~} ~o whfmh sie}ob afgh~ jien y}* òjjowfbg ~hi gyfnebmi o` ~he~ jew* hepi

}~fjj bo siejf~v òs y}* ixmi{~ òs ~hi {ys{o}i o` ~he~ jew* ebn òs ~hi y}i o` aisi {sem~fmej

sie}ob4 ebn e} sie}ob f} ey~hosf|in ebn ipib moa{ijjin ~o y}i {hv}fmej be~ysi (fb f~} {ysi

òsa e} eb oclim~ o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg& e} ~hi ~v{i o` ~hi lyngiaib~4 hibmi* ~hi {si}ib~

siaesd wfjj }ispi ~o gyesn egefb}~ simdobfbg eaobg}~ mobmi{~} ~hia}ijpi} ~he~ whfmh cijobg}

objv ~o ~hi ~v{fm o` mobmi{~}" ^hf}* beaijv* e} e ~v{fm o` ~hi lyngiaib~* gyesn} egefb}~ ~hi

ia{fsfmf}a o` {sem~fmej sie}ob* whfmh òybn} ~hi {sem~fmej bo~fob} o` goon ebn ipfj aisijv ob

ix{isfibmin mob}iuyibmi} (}o!mejjin he{{fbi}}&" Bo noyc~ he{{fbi}} ebn ~hi fb`fbf~i

enpeb~egi} whfmh woyjn si}yj~ `soa e wfjj ni~isafbin cv }ij`!jopi* f` ~hf} wfjj e~ ~hi }eai

~fai isim~in f~}ij` fb~o e ybfpis}ej jew o` be~ysi* aev mis~efbjv }ispi e} e {isìm~jv }yf~ecji

~v{i o` ~hi aosejjv goon* cy~ f~ f} bo~ fnib~fmej wf~h f~" ^hi }eai ~v{fm gyesn} ej}o egefb}~ ~hi

av}~fmf}a o` {sem~fmej sie}ob* whfmh ~ysb} whe~ }ispin objv e} e }vacoj fb~o e }mhiae* ~he~

f}* {so{o}i} ~o {sopfni òs ~hi aosej mobmi{~} em~yej fb~yf~fob}* whfmh* howipis* esi bo~

}ib}fcji (fb~yf~fob} o` eb fbpf}fcji Dfbgnoa o` Gon&* ebn ~hy} {jybgi} fb~o ~hi ~seb}mibnib~"Whe~ f} ci`f~~fbg ~hi y}i o` ~hi aosej mobmi{~} f} objv ~hi se~fobejf}a o` ~hi lyngiaib~* whfmh

~edi} `soa ~hi }ib}fcji }v}~ia o` be~ysi objv whe~ {ysi sie}ob meb ej}o mobmifpi o` f~}ij`* ~he~

f}* mobòsaf~v ~o jew* ebn ~seb}ìs} fb~o ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji bo~hfbg cy~ whe~ meb mobpis}ijv ci

em~yejjv ixhfcf~in cv em~fob} fb ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i emmosnfbg ~o ~hi òsaej syji o` e jew o`

be~ysi"

Howipis* ~hi mey~fob egefb}~ ia{fsfmf}a o` {sem~fmej sie}ob f} aymh aosi fa{os~eb~4 òs

av}~fmf}a f} uyf~i simobmfjecji wf~h ~hi {ysf~v ebn }ycjfaf~v o` ~hi aosej jew* ebn* ci}fni}* f~

f} bo~ pisv be~ysej os egsiiecji ~o moaaob hecf~} o` ~hoygh~ ~o }~sefb obi'} faegfbe~fob ~o

}y{is}ib}fcji fb~yf~fob}4 ebn hibmi ~hi nebgis ob ~hf} }fni f} bo~ }o gibisej" Ia{fsfmf}a* ob

~hi mob~sesv* my~} y{ e~ ~hi soo~} ~hi aosejf~v o` fb~ib~fob} (fb whfmh* ebn bo~ fb em~fob} objv*

mob}f}~} ~hi hfgh wos~h ~he~ aib meb ebn oygh~ ~o gfpi ~o ~hia}ijpi}&* ebn }yc}~f~y~i} òs ny~v}oai~hfbg uyf~i nf`ìsib~* beaijv* eb ia{fsfmej fb~isi}~* wf~h whfmh ~hi fbmjfbe~fob} gibisejjv

Faaebyij Deb~< ^HI MSF^FUYI O@ [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB >=



esi }imsi~jv jiegyin4 ebn ia{fsfmf}a* aosiopis* cifbg ob ~hf} emmoyb~ ejjfin wf~h ejj ~hi

fbmjfbe~fob} whfmh (bo ae~~is whe~ è}hfob ~hiv {y~ ob& nigseni hyaebf~v whib ~hiv esi

sef}in ~o ~hi nfgbf~v o` e }y{siai {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji4 ebn e} ~hi}i* bipis~hiji}}* esi }o

èpoysecji ~o ipisvobi'} ìijfbg}* f~ f} òs ~he~ sie}ob aymh aosi nebgisoy} ~heb av}~fmf}a*

whfmh meb bipis mob}~f~y~i e je}~fbg mobnf~fob o` ebv gsie~ byacis o` {is}ob}"

COOD_5zMHE[ÎS_=

MHE[ÎS FFF

O` ~hi Ao~fpi} o` [ysi [sem~fmej Sie}ob

Whe~ f} i}}ib~fej fb ~hi aosej wos~h o` em~fob} f} ~he~ ~hi aosej jew }hoyjn nfsim~jv ni~isafbi

~hi wfjj" F` ~hi ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj ~edi} {jemi fb mobòsaf~v fbniin ~o ~hi aosej jew* cy~

objv cv aieb} o` e ìijfbg* bo ae~~is o` whe~ dfbn* whfmh he} ~o ci {si}y{{o}in fb osnis ~he~

~hi jew aev ci }y``fmfib~ ~o ni~isafbi ~hi wfjj* ebn ~hisiòsi bo~ òs ~hi }edi o` ~hi jew* ~hib

~hi em~fob wfjj {o}}i}} jigejf~v* cy~ bo~ aosejf~v" Bow* f` wi ybnis}~ebn cv ao~fpi (ije~is

ebfaf& ~hi }yclim~fpi gsoybn o` ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj o` e cifbg who}i sie}ob noi} bo~

bimi}}esfjv mobòsa ~o ~hi oclim~fpi jew* cv pfs~yi o` f~} owb be~ysi* ~hib f~ wfjj òjjow* `fs}~*

~he~ bo~ ao~fpi} meb ci e~~sfcy~in ~o ~hi Nfpfbi wfjj* ebn ~he~ ~hi ao~fpi} o` ~hi hyaeb wfjj(e} wijj e} ~he~ o` ipisv msie~in se~fobej cifbg& meb bipis ci ebv~hfbg ij}i ~heb ~hi aosej jew*

ebn mob}iuyib~jv ~he~ ~hi oclim~fpi {sfbmf{ji o` ni~isafbe~fob ay}~ ejwev} ebn ejobi ci ej}o

~hi }yclim~fpijv }y``fmfib~ ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi em~fob* f` ~hf} f} bo~ aisijv ~o `yj`fj ~hi

ji~~is o` ~hi jew* wf~hoy~ mob~efbfbg f~} }{fsf~5;"

]fbmi* ~hib* òs ~hi {ys{o}i o` gfpfbg ~hi aosej jew fb`jyibmi opis ~hi wfjj* wi ay}~ bo~ }iid

òs ebv o~his ao~fpi} ~he~ afgh~ ibecji y} ~o nf}{ib}i wf~h ~hi ao~fpi o` ~hi jew f~}ij`*

cimey}i ~he~ woyjn {sonymi aisi hv{omsf}v* wf~hoy~ mob}f}~ibmv4 ebn f~ f} ipib nebgisoy} ~o

ejjow o~his ao~fpi} (òs fb}~ebmi* ~he~ o` fb~isi}~& ipib ~o mo!o{ise~i ejobg wf~h ~hi aosej

jew4 hibmi bo~hfbg f} ji`~ y} cy~ ~o ni~isafbi mesi`yjjv fb whe~ wev ~hi aosej jew cimoai} e

ao~fpi* ebn whe~ i`ìm~ ~hf} he} y{ob ~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi" @os e} ~o ~hi uyi}~fob how e jewmeb ci nfsim~jv ebn o` f~}ij` e ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj (whfmh f} ~hi i}}ibmi o`

aosejf~v&* ~hf} f}* òs hyaeb sie}ob* eb fb}ojycji {socjia ebn fnib~fmej wf~h ~hi uyi}~fob<

how e `sii wfjj f} {o}}fcji" ^hisiòsi whe~ wi hepi ~o }how e {sfosf f} bo~ whv ~hi aosej jew

fb f~}ij` }y{{jfi} e ao~fpi* cy~ whe~ i`ìm~ f~* e} }ymh* {sonymi} (os* aosi mossim~jv }{iedfbg*

ay}~ {sonymi& ob ~hi afbn"

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_= R{esegse{h 9q

^hi i}}ib~fej {ofb~ fb ipisv ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj cv ~hi aosej jew f} ~he~ cifbg e `sii wfjj

f~ f} ni~isafbin }fa{jv cv ~hi aosej jew* bo~ objv wf~hoy~ ~hi mo!o{ise~fob o` }ib}fcji

5; Wi aev }ev o` ipisv em~fob ~he~ mobòsa} ~o ~hi jew* cy~ f} bo~ nobi òs ~hi }edi o` ~hi jew* ~he~ f~ f} aosejjv

goon fb ~hi ji~~is* bo~ fb ~hi }{fsf~ (~hi fb~ib~fob&"

Faaebyij Deb~< ^HI MSF^FUYI O@ [SEM^FMEJ SIE]OB >>



fa{yj}i}* cy~ ipib ~o ~hi silim~fob o` ejj }ymh* ebn ~o ~hi mhimdfbg o` ejj fbmjfbe~fob} }o ès e}

~hiv afgh~ ci o{{o}in ~o ~he~ jew" ]o ès* ~hib* ~hi i`ìm~ o` ~hi aosej jew e} e ao~fpi f} objv

bige~fpi* ebn ~hf} ao~fpi meb ci dbowb e {sfosf ~o ci }ymh" @os ejj fbmjfbe~fob ebn ipisv

}ib}fcji fa{yj}i f} òybnin ob ìijfbg* ebn ~hi bige~fpi i`ìm~ {sonymin ob ìijfbg (cv ~hi

mhimd ob ~hi fbmjfbe~fob}& f} f~}ij` ìijfbg4 mob}iuyib~jv* wi meb }ii e {sfosf ~he~ ~hi aosej

jew* e} e ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj* ay}~ cv ~hwes~fbg ejj oys fbmjfbe~fob} {sonymi eìijfbg whfmh aev ci mejjin {efb4 ebn fb ~hf} wi hepi ~hi `fs}~* {ishe{} ~hi objv* fb}~ebmi fb

whfmh wi esi ecji `soa e {sfosf mob}fnise~fob} ~o ni~isafbi ~hi sije~fob o` e mogbf~fob (fb ~hf}

me}i o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob& ~o ~hi ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi os nf}{jie}ysi" Ejj ~hi fbmjfbe~fob}

~ogi~his (whfmh meb ci sinymin ~o e ~ojisecji }v}~ia* fb whfmh me}i ~hifs }e~f}èm~fob f} mejjin

he{{fbi}}& mob}~f~y~i }ij`!sigesn ( }ojf{}f}ay}&" ^hf} f} if~his ~hi }ij`!jopi ~he~ mob}f}~} fb eb

ixmi}}fpi òbnbi}} òs obi}ij` ( {hfjey~fe&* os }e~f}èm~fob wf~h obi}ij` (essogeb~fe&" ^hi

òsais f} mejjin {es~fmyjesjv }ij`f}hbi}}4 ~hi je~~is }ij`!mobmif~" [ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob objv

mhimd} }ij`f}hbi}}* joodfbg ob f~ e} be~ysej ebn em~fpi fb y} ipib {sfos ~o ~hi aosej jew* }o ès

e} ~o jfaf~ f~ ~o ~hi mobnf~fob o` egsiiaib~ wf~h ~hf} jew* ebn ~hib f~ f} mejjin se~fobej }ij`!

jopi" Cy~ }ij`!mobmif~ sie}ob }~sfdi} nowb ej~ogi~his* }fbmi ejj mjefa} ~o }ij`!i}~iia whfmh

{simini egsiiaib~ wf~h ~hi aosej jew esi pefb ebn ybly}~f`fecji* òs ~hi mis~efb~v o` e }~e~i o` afbn ~he~ mofbmfni} wf~h ~hf} jew f} ~hi `fs}~ mobnf~fob o` {is}obej wos~h (e} wi }hejj {si}ib~jv

}how aosi mjiesjv&* ebn {sfos ~o ~hf} mobòsaf~v ebv {si~ib}fob ~o wos~h f} èj}i ebn

ybjew`yj" Bow ~hi {so{ib}f~v ~o }ij`!i}~iia f} obi o` ~hi fbmjfbe~fob} whfmh ~hi aosej jew

mhimd}* fbe}aymh e} ~he~ i}~iia si}~} objv ob aosejf~v"

^hisiòsi ~hi aosej jew csied} nowb }ij`!mobmif~" Cy~ e} ~hf} jew f} }oai~hfbg {o}f~fpi fb

f~}ij`* beaijv* ~hi òsa o` eb fb~ijjim~yej mey}ejf~v* ~he~ f}* o` `siinoa* f~ ay}~ ci eb oclim~ o`

si}{im~4 òs* cv o{{o}fbg ~hi }yclim~fpi eb~egobf}a o` ~hi fbmjfbe~fob}* f~ wiedib} }ij`!

mobmif~4 ebn }fbmi f~ ipib csied} nowb* ~he~ f}* hyafjfe~i}* ~hf} mobmif~* f~ f} eb oclim~ o` ~hi

hfghi}~ si}{im~ ebn* mob}iuyib~jv* f} ~hi òybne~fob o` e {o}f~fpi ìijfbg whfmh f} bo~ o`

ia{fsfmej osfgfb* cy~ f} dbowb e {sfosf" ^hisiòsi si}{im~ òs ~hi aosej jew f} e ìijfbg whfmh

f} {sonymin cv eb fb~ijjim~yej mey}i* ebn ~hf} ìijfbg f} ~hi objv obi ~he~ wi dbow uyf~i e

{sfosf ebn ~hi bimi}}f~v o` whfmh wi meb {ismifpi"

Fb ~hi {siminfbg mhe{~is wi hepi }iib ~he~ ipisv~hfbg ~he~ {si}ib~} f~}ij` e} eb oclim~ o` ~hi

wfjj {sfos ~o ~hi aosej jew f} cv ~he~ jew f~}ij`* whfmh f} ~hi }y{siai mobnf~fob o` {sem~fmej

sie}ob* ixmjynin `soa ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji} o` ~hi wfjj whfmh wi hepi mejjin ~hi

ybmobnf~fobejjv goon4 ebn ~he~ ~hi aisi {sem~fmej òsa whfmh mob}f}~} fb ~hi ene{~e~fob o` ~hi

aexfa} ~o ybfpis}ej jigf}je~fob `fs}~ ni~isafbi} whe~ f} goon fb f~}ij` ebn ec}ojy~ijv* ebn f}

~hi ce}f} o` ~hi aexfa} o` e {ysi wfjj* whfmh ejobi f} goon fb ipisv si}{im~" Howipis* wi

`fbn ~he~ oys be~ysi e} }ib}fcji cifbg} f} }ymh ~he~ ~hi ae~~is o` ni}fsi (oclim~} o` fbmjfbe~fob*

whi~his o` ho{i os ìes& `fs}~ {si}ib~} f~}ij` ~o y}4 ebn oys {e~hojogfmejjv e`ìm~in }ij`*ej~hoygh f~ f} fb f~} aexfa} uyf~i yb`f~ òs ybfpis}ej jigf}je~fob4 vi~* ly}~ e} f` f~ mob}~f~y~in oys

ib~fsi }ij`* }~sfpi} ~o {y~ f~} {si~ib}fob} òswesn `fs}~* ebn ~o hepi ~hia emdbowjingin e} ~hi

`fs}~ ebn osfgfbej" ^hf} {so{ib}f~v ~o aedi oys}ijpi} fb ~hi }yclim~fpi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji}

o` oys mhofmi }ispi e} ~hi oclim~fpi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj gibisejjv aev ci mejjin

}ij`!jopi4 ebn f` ~hf} {si~ibn} ~o ci jigf}je~fpi e} eb ybmobnf~fobej {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji f~ aev ci

mejjin }ij`!mobmif~" Bow ~hi aosej jew* whfmh ejobi f} ~syjv oclim~fpi (beaijv* fb ipisv

si}{im~&* ib~fsijv ixmjyni} ~hi fb`jyibmi o` }ij`!jopi ob ~hi }y{siai {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji* ebn

fbni`fbf~ijv mhimd} ~hi }ij`!mobmif~ ~he~ {si}msfci} ~hi }yclim~fpi mobnf~fob} o` ~hi òsais e}

jew}" Bow whe~ipis mhimd} oys }ij`!mobmif~ fb oys owb lyngiaib~ hyafjfe~i}4 ~hisiòsi ~hi

aosej jew fbipf~ecjv hyacji} ipisv aeb whib hi moa{esi} wf~h f~ ~hi {hv}fmej {so{ib}f~fi}

o` hf} be~ysi"




^he~* ~hi fnie o` whfmh e} e ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` oys wfjj hyacji} y} fb oys }ij`!

mob}mfoy}bi}}* ewedi} si}{im~ òs f~}ij`* }o ès e} f~ f} f~}ij` {o}f~fpi ebn e ni~isafbfbg

{sfbmf{ji" ^hisiòsi ~hi aosej jew f} ipib }yclim~fpijv e mey}i o` si}{im~" Bow }fbmi

ipisv~hfbg ~he~ ib~is} fb~o }ij`!jopi cijobg} ~o fbmjfbe~fob* ebn ejj fbmjfbe~fob si}~} ob

ìijfbg}* ebn mob}iuyib~jv whe~ipis mhimd} ejj ~hi ìijfbg} ~ogi~his fb }ij`!jopi he}

bimi}}esfjv* cv ~hf} pisv mfsmya}~ebmi* eb fb`jyibmi ob ìijfbg4 hibmi wi moa{sihibn how f~f} {o}}fcji ~o {ismifpi e {sfosf ~he~ ~hi aosej jew meb {sonymi eb i`ìm~ ob ìijfbg* fb ~he~ f~

ixmjyni} ~hi fbmjfbe~fob} ebn ~hi {so{ib}f~v ~o aedi ~hia ~hi }y{siai {sem~fmej mobnf~fob*

f"i"* }ij`!jopi* `soa ejj {es~fmf{e~fob fb ~hi }y{siai jigf}je~fob" ^hf} i`ìm~ f} ob obi }fni

aisijv bige~fpi* cy~ ob ~hi o~his }fni* sije~fpijv ~o ~hi si}~sfm~fbg {sfbmf{ji o` {ysi {sem~fmej

sie}ob* f~ f} {o}f~fpi" Bo }{imfej dfbn o` ìijfbg biin ci e}}yain òs ~hf} ybnis ~hi beai o` e

{sem~fmej os aosej ìijfbg e} eb~iminib~ ~o ~hi aosej jew ebn }ispfbg e} f~} òybne~fob"

^hi bige~fpi i`ìm~ ob ìijfbg (yb{jie}eb~bi}}& f} {e~hojogfmej* jfdi ipisv fb`jyibmi ob ìijfbg

ebn jfdi ipisv ìijfbg gibisejjv"

Cy~ e} eb i`ìm~ o` ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` ~hi aosej jew* ebn mob}iuyib~jv fb sije~fob ~o e

}y{is}ib}fcji mey}i* beaijv* ~hi }yclim~ o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob whfmh f} ~hi }y{siaijewgfpis* ~hf} ìijfbg o` e se~fobej cifbg e`ìm~in cv fbmjfbe~fob} f} mejjin hyafjfe~fob

(fb~ijjim~yej }ij`!ni{simfe~fob&4 cy~ wf~h siìsibmi ~o ~hi {o}f~fpi }oysmi o` ~hf} hyafjfe~fob*

~hi jew* f~ f} si}{im~ òs f~" ^hisi f} fbniin bo ìijfbg òs ~hf} jew4 cy~ fbe}aymh e} f~ siaopi}

~hi si}f}~ebmi oy~ o` ~hi wev* ~hf} siaopej o` eb oc}~emji f}* fb ~hi lyngiaib~ o` sie}ob*

i}~iiain iuyfpejib~ ~o e {o}f~fpi hij{ ~o f~} mey}ejf~v" ^hisiòsi ~hf} ìijfbg aev ej}o ci

mejjin e ìijfbg o` si}{im~ òs ~hi aosej jew* ebn òs co~h sie}ob} ~ogi~his e aosej ìijfbg"

Whfji ~hi aosej jew* ~hisiòsi* f} e òsaej ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` em~fob cv {sem~fmej {ysi

sie}ob* ebn f} aosiopis e ae~isfej ~hoygh objv oclim~fpi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi oclim~}

o` em~fob e} mejjin goon ebn ipfj* f~ f} ej}o e }yclim~fpi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji* ~he~ f}* e ao~fpi

~o ~hf} em~fob* fbe}aymh e} f~ he} fb`jyibmi ob ~hi aosejf~v o` ~hi }yclim~ ebn {sonymi} e

ìijfbg mobnymfpi ~o ~hi fb`jyibmi o` ~hi jew ob ~hi wfjj" ^hisi f} hisi fb ~hi }yclim~ bo

eb~iminib~ ìijfbg ~ibnfbg ~o aosejf~v" @os ~hf} f} fa{o}}fcji* }fbmi ipisv ìijfbg f} }ib}fcji*

ebn ~hi ao~fpi o` aosej fb~ib~fob ay}~ ci `sii `soa ejj }ib}fcji mobnf~fob}" Ob ~hi mob~sesv*

whfji ~hi }ib}fcji ìijfbg whfmh f} e~ ~hi co~~oa o` ejj oys fbmjfbe~fob} f} ~hi mobnf~fob o` ~he~

fa{si}}fob whfmh wi mejj si}{im~* ~hi mey}i ~he~ ni~isafbi} f~ jfi} fb ~hi {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob4

ebn ~hf} fa{si}}fob ~hisiòsi* ob emmoyb~ o` f~} osfgfb* ay}~ ci mejjin* bo~ e {e~hojogfmej cy~ e

{sem~fmej i`ìm~" @os cv ~hi èm~ ~he~ ~hi mobmi{~fob o` ~hi aosej jew ni{sfpi} }ij`!jopi o` f~}

fb`jyibmi* ebn }ij`!mobmif~ o` f~} fjjy}fob* f~ ji}}ib} ~hi oc}~emji ~o {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob ebn

{sonymi} ~hi mobmi{~fob o` ~hi }y{isfosf~v o` f~} oclim~fpi jew ~o ~hi fa{yj}i} o` ~hi

}ib}fcfjf~v4 ebn ~hy}* cv siaopfbg ~hi moyb~is{of}i* f~ gfpi} sije~fpijv gsie~is wifgh~ ~o ~hijew fb ~hi lyngiaib~ o` sie}ob (fb ~hi me}i o` e wfjj e`ìm~in cv ~hi eòsi}efn fa{yj}i}&" ^hy}

~hi si}{im~ òs ~hi jew f} bo~ e ao~fpi ~o aosejf~v* cy~ f} aosejf~v f~}ij` }yclim~fpijv

mob}fnisin e} e ao~fpi* fbe}aymh e} {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob* cv silim~fbg ejj ~hi sfpej

{si~ib}fob} o` }ij`jopi* gfpi} ey~hosf~v ~o ~hi jew* whfmh bow ejobi he} fb`jyibmi" Bow f~ f} ~o

ci oc}ispin ~he~ e} si}{im~ f} eb i`ìm~ ob ìijfbg* ebn ~hisiòsi ob ~hi }ib}fcfjf~v* o` e

se~fobej cifbg* f~ {si}y{{o}i} ~hf} }ib}fcfjf~v* ebn ~hisiòsi ej}o ~hi `fbf~ibi}} o` }ymh cifbg}

ob whoa ~hi aosej jew fa{o}i} si}{im~4 ebn ~he~ si}{im~ òs ~hi jew mebbo~ ci e~~sfcy~in ~o e

}y{siai cifbg* os ~o ebv cifbg `sii `soa ejj }ib}fcfjf~v* fb whoa* ~hisiòsi* ~hf} }ib}fcfjf~v

mebbo~ ci eb oc}~emji ~o {sem~fmej sie}ob"

^hf} ìijfbg (whfmh wi mejj ~hi aosej ìijfbg& f} ~hisiòsi {sonymin }fa{jv cv sie}ob" F~ noi}bo~ }ispi òs ~hi i}~fae~fob o` em~fob} bos òs ~hi òybne~fob o` ~hi oclim~fpi aosej jew f~}ij`*




ej}o cv ~hi èm~ ~he~ whib ~hi moaaob syb o` enafsis} ~hfbd ~hiv hepi jiesbin `soa ebv

}oysmi ~hi cenbi}} o` }ymh e aeb'} mhesem~is (òs fb}~ebmi Poj~efsi'}& ~hiv gfpi y{ ejj si}{im~

òs hfa4 whisie} ~hi ~syi }mhojes }~fjj ìij} f~ e~ jie}~ wf~h sigesn ~o hf} ~ejib~}* cimey}i hi f}

hfa}ij` ibgegin fb e cy}fbi}} ebn e pome~fob whfmh aedi faf~e~fob o` }ymh e aeb fb }oai

nigsii e jew"

Si}{im~ òs ~hi aosej jew f}* ~hisiòsi* ~hi objv ebn ~hi ybnoyc~in aosej ao~fpi* ebn ~hf}

ìijfbg f} nfsim~in ~o bo oclim~* ixmi{~ ob ~hi gsoybn o` ~hf} jew" ^hi aosej jew `fs}~

ni~isafbi} ~hi wfjj oclim~fpijv ebn nfsim~jv fb ~hi lyngiaib~ o` sie}ob4 ebn `siinoa* who}i

mey}ejf~v meb ci ni~isafbin objv cv ~hi jew* mob}f}~} ly}~ fb ~hf}* ~he~ f~ si}~sfm~} ejj

fbmjfbe~fob}* ebn mob}iuyib~jv }ij`!i}~iia* cv ~hi mobnf~fob o` ocinfibmi ~o f~} {ysi jew" ^hf}

si}~sfm~fob bow he} eb i`ìm~ ob ìijfbg* ebn {sonymi} ~hi fa{si}}fob o` nf}{jie}ysi whfmh meb

ci dbowb e {sfosf `soa ~hi aosej jew" ]fbmi f~ f} }o ès objv e bige~fpi i`ìm~ whfmh* esf}fbg

`soa ~hi fb`jyibmi o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob* mhimd} ~hi em~fpf~v o` ~hi }yclim~* }o ès e} f~ f}

ni~isafbin cv fbmjfbe~fob}* ebn hibmi mhimd} ~hi o{fbfob o` hf} {is}obej wos~h (whfmh* fb ~hi

ec}ibmi o` egsiiaib~ wf~h ~hi aosej jew* f} sinymin ~o bo~hfbg&4 hibmi* ~hi i`ìm~ o` ~hf} jew

ob ìijfbg f} aisijv hyafjfe~fob" Wi meb* ~hisiòsi* {ismifpi ~hf} e {sfosf* cy~ mebbo~ dbow cvf~ ~hi òsmi o` ~hi {ysi {sem~fmej jew e} e ao~fpi* cy~ objv ~hi si}f}~ebmi ~o ao~fpi} o` ~hi

}ib}fcfjf~v" Cy~ }fbmi ~hi }eai jew f} oclim~fpijv* ~he~ f}* fb ~hi mobmi{~fob o` {ysi sie}ob* eb

faainfe~i {sfbmf{ji o` ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj* ebn mob}iuyib~jv ~hf} hyafjfe~fob ~edi}

{jemi objv sije~fpijv ~o ~hi {ysf~v o` ~hi jew4 hibmi* ~hi jowisfbg o` ~hi {si~ib}fob} o` aosej

}ij`!i}~iia* ~he~ f}* hyafjfe~fob ob ~hi }ib}fcji }fni* f} eb ijipe~fob o` ~hi aosej* f"i"*

{sem~fmej* i}~iia òs ~hi jew f~}ij` ob ~hi fb~ijjim~yej }fni4 fb e wosn* f~ f} si}{im~ òs ~hi jew*

ebn ~hisiòsi* e} f~} mey}i f} fb~ijjim~yej* e {o}f~fpi ìijfbg whfmh meb ci dbowb e {sfosf" @os

whe~ipis nfafbf}hi} ~hi oc}~emji} ~o eb em~fpf~v `ys~his} ~hf} em~fpf~v f~}ij`"

Bow ~hi simogbf~fob o` ~hi aosej jew f} ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` eb em~fpf~v o` {sem~fmej sie}ob

`soa oclim~fpi {sfbmf{ji}* whfmh objv èfj} ~o sipiej f~} i`ìm~ fb em~fob} cimey}i }yclim~fpi

({e~hojogfmej& mey}i} hfbnis f~" Si}{im~ òs ~hi aosej jew ~hib ay}~ ci sigesnin e} e {o}f~fpi*

~hoygh fbnfsim~* i`ìm~ o` f~ ob ìijfbg* fbe}aymh e} ~hf} si}{im~ wiedib} ~hi fa{infbg

fb`jyibmi o` fbmjfbe~fob} cv hyafjfe~fbg }ijì}~iia4 ebn hibmi ej}o e} e }yclim~fpi {sfbmf{ji o`

em~fpf~v* ~he~ f}* e} e ao~fpi ~o ocinfibmi ~o ~hi jew* ebn e} e {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi aexfa} o` e jfì

mobòsaecji ~o f~" @soa ~hi bo~fob o` e ao~fpi esf}i} ~he~ o` eb fb~isi}~* whfmh meb bipis ci

e~~sfcy~in ~o ebv cifbg ybji}} f~ {o}}i}}i} sie}ob* ebn whfmh }fgbf`fi} e ao~fpi o` ~hi wfjj fb

}o ès e} f~ f} mobmifpin cv ~hi sie}ob" ]fbmi fb e aosejjv goon wfjj ~hi jew f~}ij` ay}~ ci ~hi

ao~fpi* ~hi aosej fb~isi}~ f} e {ysi fb~isi}~ o` {sem~fmej sie}ob ejobi* fbni{ibnib~ o` }ib}i" Ob

~hi bo~fob o` eb fb~isi}~ f} ce}in ~he~ o` e aexfa" ^hf}* ~hisiòsi* f} aosejjv goon objv fb me}i

f~ si}~} }fa{jv ob ~hi fb~isi}~ ~edib fb ocinfibmi ~o ~hi jew" Ejj ~hsii bo~fob}* howipis* ~he~ o`

e ao~fpi* o` eb fb~isi}~* ebn o` e aexfa* meb ci e{{jfin objv ~o `fbf~i cifbg}" @os ~hiv ejj}y{{o}i e jfaf~e~fob o` ~hi be~ysi o` ~hi cifbg* fb ~he~ ~hi }yclim~fpi mhesem~is o` hf} mhofmi

noi} bo~ o` f~}ij` egsii wf~h ~hi oclim~fpi jew o` e {sem~fmej sie}ob4 ~hiv }y{{o}i ~he~ ~hi

cifbg siuyfsi} ~o ci fa{ijjin ~o em~fob cv }oai~hfbg* cimey}i eb fb~isbej oc}~emji o{{o}i}

f~}ij`" ^hisiòsi ~hiv mebbo~ ci e{{jfin ~o ~hi Nfpfbi wfjj"

^hisi f} }oai~hfbg }o }fbgyjes fb ~hi ybcoybnin i}~iia òs ~hi {ysi aosej jew* e{es~ `soa ejj

enpeb~egi* e} f~ f} {si}ib~in òs oys ocinfibmi cv {sem~fmej sie}ob* ~hi pofmi o` whfmh aedi}

ipib ~hi cojni}~ }fbbis ~siacji ebn moa{ij} hfa ~o hfni hfa}ij` `soa f~* ~he~ wi mebbo~

wobnis f` wi `fbn ~hf} fb`jyibmi o` e aisi fb~ijjim~yej fnie ob ~hi ìijfbg} uyf~i

moa{sihib}fcji ~o }{imyje~fpi sie}ob ebn hepi ~o ci }e~f}`fin wf~h }iifbg }o aymh o` ~hf} e

{sfosf ~he~ }ymh e ìijfbg f} fb}i{esecjv mobbim~in wf~h ~hi mobmi{~fob o` ~hi aosej jew fbipisv `fbf~i se~fobej cifbg" F` ~hf} ìijfbg o` si}{im~ wisi {e~hojogfmej* ebn ~hisiòsi wisi e




ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi ce}in ob ~hi fbbis }ib}i* f~ woyjn ci fb pefb ~o ~sv ~o nf}mopis e mobbim~fob

o` f~ wf~h ebv fnie e {sfosf" Cy~ Tf~Q f} e ìijfbg ~he~ e{{jfi} aisijv ~o whe~ f} {sem~fmej* ebn

ni{ibn} ob ~hi mobmi{~fob o` e jew* }fa{jv e} ~o f~} òsa* bo~ ob emmoyb~ o` ebv oclim~* ebn

~hisiòsi mebbo~ ci simdobin if~his e} {jie}ysi os {efb* ebn vi~ {sonymi} eb fb~isi}~ fb

ocinfibmi ~o ~hi jew* whfmh wi mejj ~hi aosej fb~isi}~* ly}~ e} ~hi me{emf~v o` ~edfbg }ymh eb

fb~isi}~ fb ~hi jew (os si}{im~ òs ~hi aosej jew f~}ij`& f} {so{isjv ~hi aosej ìijfbg"

^hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` e `sii }ycaf}}fob o` ~hi wfjj ~o ~hi jew* vi~ moacfbin wf~h eb fbipf~ecji

mob}~sefb~ {y~ y{ob ejj fbmjfbe~fob}* ~hoygh objv cv oys owb sie}ob* f} si}{im~ òs ~hi jew" ^hi

jew ~he~ niaebn} ~hf} si}{im~ ebn fb}{fsi} f~ f} mjiesjv bo o~his ~heb ~hi aosej (òs bo o~his

{simjyni} ejj fbmjfbe~fob} `soa ixismf}fbg ebv nfsim~ fb`jyibmi ob ~hi wfjj&" Eb em~fob whfmh f}

oclim~fpijv {sem~fmej emmosnfbg ~o ~hf} jew* ~o ~hi ixmjy}fob o` ipisv ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o`

fbmjfbe~fob* f} ny~v* ebn ~hf} cv sie}ob o` ~he~ ixmjy}fob fbmjyni} fb f~} mobmi{~ {sem~fmej

ocjfge~fob* ~he~ f}* e ni~isafbe~fob ~o em~fob}* howipis sijym~eb~jv ~hiv aev ci nobi" ^hi

ìijfbg ~he~ esf}i} `soa ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` ~hf} ocjfge~fob f} bo~ {e~hojogfmej* e} woyjn ci e

ìijfbg {sonymin cv eb oclim~ o` ~hi }ib}i}* cy~ {sem~fmej objv* ~he~ f}* f~ f} aeni {o}}fcji cv e

{siminfbg (oclim~fpi& ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj ebn e mey}ejf~v o` ~hi sie}ob" E} }ycaf}}fob ~o~hi jew* ~hisiòsi* ~he~ f}* e} e moaaebn (ebboybmfbg mob}~sefb~ òs ~hi }ib}fcjv e`ìm~in

}yclim~&* f~ mob~efb} fb f~ bo {jie}ysi* cy~ ob ~hi mob~sesv* }o ès* {efb fb ~hi em~fob" Ob ~hi

o~his hebn* howipis* e} ~hf} mob}~sefb~ f} ixismf}in aisijv cv ~hi jigf}je~fob o` oys owb

sie}ob* f~ ej}o mob~efb} }oai~hfbg ijipe~fbg* ebn ~hf} }yclim~fpi i`ìm~ ob ìijfbg* fbe}aymh e}

{ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob f} ~hi }oji mey}i o` f~* aev ci mejjin fb ~hf} si}{im~ }ij`!e{{soce~fob*

}fbmi wi simogbf|i oys}ijpi} e} ni~isafbin ~hisi~o }ojijv cv ~hi jew wf~hoy~ ebv fb~isi}~* ebn

esi bow mob}mfoy} o` e uyf~i nf`ìsib~ fb~isi}~ }yclim~fpijv {sonymin ~hisicv* ebn whfmh f}

{ysijv {sem~fmej ebn `sii4 ebn oys ~edfbg ~hf} fb~isi}~ fb eb em~fob o` ny~v f} bo~ }yggi}~in cv

ebv fbmjfbe~fob* cy~ f} moaaebnin ebn em~yejjv csoygh~ ecoy~ cv sie}ob ~hsoygh ~hi {sem~fmej

jew4 whibmi ~hf} ìijfbg oc~efb} e }{imfej beai* ~he~ o` si}{im~"


^hi bo~fob o` ny~v* ~hisiòsi* siuyfsi} fb ~hi em~fob* oclim~fpijv* egsiiaib~ wf~h ~hi jew* ebn*

}yclim~fpijv fb f~} aexfa* ~he~ si}{im~ òs ~hi jew }hejj ci ~hi }oji aoni fb whfmh ~hi wfjj f}

ni~isafbin ~hisicv" Ebn ob ~hf} si}~} ~hi nf}~fbm~fob ci~wiib ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` hepfbg

em~in emmosnfbg ~o ny~v ebn `soa ny~v* ~he~ f}* `soa si}{im~ òs ~hi jew" ^hi òsais (jigejf~v&

f} {o}}fcji ipib f` fbmjfbe~fob} hepi ciib ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji} o` ~hi wfjj4 cy~ ~hi je~~is

(aosejf~v&* aosej wos~h* meb ci {jemin objv fb ~hf}* ~he~ ~hi em~fob f} nobi `soa ny~v* ~he~ f}*

}fa{jv òs ~hi }edi o` ~hi jew55"

F~ f} o` ~hi gsie~i}~ fa{os~ebmi ~o e~~ibn wf~h ~hi y~ao}~ ixem~bi}} fb ejj aosej lyngiaib~} ~o

~hi }yclim~fpi {sfbmf{ji o` ejj aexfa}* ~he~ ejj ~hi aosejf~v o` em~fob} aev ci {jemin fb ~hi

bimi}}f~v o` em~fbg `soa ny~v ebn `soa si}{im~ òs ~hi jew* bo~ `soa jopi ebn fbmjfbe~fob òs

~he~ whfmh ~hi em~fob} esi ~o {sonymi" @os aib ebn ejj msie~in se~fobej cifbg} aosej bimi}}f~v

f} mob}~sefb~* ~he~ f} ocjfge~fob* ebn ipisv em~fob ce}in ob f~ f} ~o ci mobmifpin e} e ny~v* bo~

e} e {somiinfbg {sipfoy}jv {jie}fbg* os jfdijv ~o ci [jie}fbg ~o y} o` oys owb emmosn" E} f`

fbniin wi moyjn ipis csfbg f~ ecoy~ ~he~ wf~hoy~ si}{im~ òs ~hi jew* whfmh fa{jfi} ìes* os e~

jie}~ e{{sihib}fob o` ~seb}gsi}}fob* wi o` oys}ijpi}* jfdi ~hi fbni{ibnib~ Nif~v* moyjn ipis

55 F` wi ixeafbi emmyse~ijv ~hi bo~fob o` si}{im~ òs {is}ob} e} f~ he} ciib ejsienv jefn nowb* wi }hejj {ismifpi

~he~ f~ ejwev} si}~} ob ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` e ny~v whfmh eb ixea{ji }how} y}* ebn ~he~ si}{im~* ~hisiòsi meb

bipis hepi ebv cy~ e aosej gsoybn* ebn ~he~ f~ f} pisv goon ebn ipib* fb e {}vmhojogfmej {ofb~ o` pfiw* pisvy}i`yj òs ~hi dbowjingi o` aebdfbn* ~he~ whibipis wi y}i ~hf} ix{si}}fob wi }hoyjn e~~ibn ~o ~hf} }imsi~ ebn

aespijjoy}* vi~ o`~ib simyssfbg* sigesn whfmh aib fb ~hifs lyngiaib~ {ev ~o ~hi aosej jew"




moai fb~o {o}}i}}fob o` hojfbi}} o` wfjj cv ~hi mofbmfnibmi o` oys wfjj wf~h ~hi {ysi aosej

jew cimoafbg e} f~ wisi {es~ o` oys be~ysi* bipis ~o ci }hedib (fb whfmh me}i ~hi jew woyjn

mie}i ~o ci e moaaebn òs y}* e} wi moyjn bipis ci ~ia{~in ~o ci yb~syi ~o f~&"

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_= R{esegse{h 3;q

^hi aosej jew f} fb èm~ òs ~hi wfjj o` e {isìm~ cifbg e jew o` hojfbi}}* cy~ òs ~hi wfjj o`

ipisv `fbf~i se~fobej cifbg e jew o` ny~v* o` aosej mob}~sefb~* ebn o` ~hi ni~isafbe~fob o` f~}

em~fob} cv si}{im~ òs ~hf} jew ebn sipisibmi òs f~} ny~v" Bo o~his }yclim~fpi {sfbmf{ji ay}~

ci e}}yain e} e ao~fpi* ij}i whfji ~hi em~fob afgh~ mhebmi ~o ci }ymh e} ~hi jew {si}msfci}*

vi~* e} noi} bo~ {somiin `soa ny~v* ~hi fb~ib~fob* whfmh f} ~hi ~hfbg {so{isjv fb uyi}~fob fb

~hf} jigf}je~fob* f} bo~ aosej"

F~ f} e pisv ciey~f`yj ~hfbg ~o no goon ~o aib `soa jopi ~o ~hia ebn `soa }va{e~hi~fm goon

wfjj* os ~o ci ly}~ `soa jopi o` osnis4 cy~ ~hf} f} bo~ vi~ ~hi ~syi aosej aexfa o` oys mobnym~

whfmh f} }yf~ecji ~o oys {o}f~fob eaobg}~ se~fobej cifbg} e} aib* whib wi {si~ibn wf~h

èbmf`yj {sfni ~o }i~ oys}ijpi} ecopi ~hi ~hoygh~ o` ny~v* jfdi pojyb~iis}* ebn* e} f` wi wisifbni{ibnib~ ob ~hi moaaebn* ~o web~ ~o no o` oys owb goon {jie}ysi whe~ wi ~hfbd wi biin

bo moaaebn ~o no"

Wi }~ebn ybnis e nf}mf{jfbi o` sie}ob ebn fb ejj oys aexfa} ay}~ bo~ òsgi~ oys }yclim~fob ~o

f~* bos wf~hnsew ebv~hfbg ~hisi`soa* os cv eb igo~f}~fm {si}ya{~fob nfafbf}h eygh~ o` ~hi

ey~hosf~v o` ~hi jew (ej~hoygh oys owb sie}ob gfpi} f~& }o e} ~o }i~ ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji

o` oys wfjj* ipib ~hoygh ~hi jew ci mobòsain ~o* ebvwhisi ij}i cy~ fb ~hi jew f~}ij` ebn fb

si}{im~ òs ~hf} jew" Ny~v ebn ocjfge~fob esi ~hi objv beai} ~he~ wi ay}~ gfpi ~o oys sije~fob

~o ~hi aosej jew" Wi esi fbniin jigf}je~fpi aiacis} o` e aosej dfbgnoa sibnisin {o}}fcji cv

`siinoa* ebn {si}ib~in ~o y} cv sie}ob e} eb oclim~ o` si}{im~4 cy~ vi~ wi esi }yclim~} fb f~*

bo~ ~hi }opisifgb* ebn ~o af}~edi oys fbìsfos {o}f~fob e} msie~ysi}* ebn {si}ya{~yoy}jv ~o

silim~ ~hi ey~hosf~v o` ~hi aosej jew* f} ejsienv ~o sipoj~ `soa f~ fb }{fsf~* ipib ~hoygh ~hi

ji~~is o` f~ f} `yj`fjjin"

Wf~h ~hf} egsii} pisv wijj ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` }ymh e moaaebn e}< Jopi Gon ecopi ipisv~hfbg*

ebn ~hv bifghcoys e} ~hv}ij` 53" @os e} e moaaebn f~ siuyfsi} si}{im~ òs e jew whfmh

moaaebn} jopi ebn noi} bo~ jiepi f~ ~o oys owb escf~sesv mhofmi ~o aedi ~hf} oys {sfbmf{ji"

Jopi ~o Gon* howipis* mob}fnisin e} eb fbmjfbe~fob ({e~hojogfmej jopi&* f} fa{o}}fcji* òs Hi

f} bo~ eb oclim~ o` ~hi }ib}i}" ^hi }eai e`ìm~fob ~owesn} aib f} {o}}fcji bo noyc~* cy~

mebbo~ ci moaaebnin* òs f~ f} bo~ fb ~hi {owis o` ebv aeb ~o jopi ebvobi e~ moaaebn4

~hisiòsi f~ f} objv {sem~fmej jopi ~he~ f} aieb~ fb ~he~ {f~h o` ejj jew}" ô jopi Gon aieb}* fb~hf} }ib}i* ~o jfdi ~o no Hf} moaaebnaib~}4 ~o jopi obi'} bifghcoys aieb} ~o jfdi ~o {sem~f}i

ejj ny~fi} ~owesn} hfa" Cy~ ~hi moaaebn ~he~ aedi} ~hf} e syji mebbo~ moaaebn y} ~o hepi

~hf} nf}{o}f~fob fb em~fob} mobòsain ~o ny~v* cy~ objv ~o ibniepoys e`~is f~" @os e moaaebn ~o

jfdi ~o no e ~hfbg f} fb f~}ij` mob~senfm~osv* cimey}i f` wi ejsienv dbow o` oys}ijpi} whe~ wi

esi coybn ~o no* ebn f` `ys~his wi esi mob}mfoy} o` jfdfbg ~o no f~* e moaaebn woyjn ci uyf~i

biinji}}4 ebn f` wi no f~ bo~ wfjjfbgjv* cy~ objv oy~ o` si}{im~ òs ~hi jew* e moaaebn ~he~

aedi} ~hf} si}{im~ ~hi ao~fpi o` oys aexfa woyjn nfsim~jv moyb~isem~ ~hi nf}{o}f~fob

moaaebnin" ^he~ jew o` ejj jew}* ~hisiòsi* jfdi ejj ~hi aosej {simi{~} o` ~hi Go}{ij* ixhfcf~}

~hi aosej nf}{o}f~fob fb ejj f~} {isìm~fob* fb whfmh* pfiwin e} eb fniej o` hojfbi}}* f~ f} bo~

53 ^hf} jew f} fb }~sfdfbg mob~se}~ wf~h ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` {sfpe~i he{{fbi}} whfmh }oai aedi ~hi }y{siai {sfbmf{jio` aosejf~v" ^hf} woyjn ci ix{si}}in ~hy}< Jopi ~hv}ij` ecopi ipisv~hfbg* ebn Gon ebn ~hv bifghcoys òs ~hfbi

owb }edi"




e~~efbecji cv ebv msie~ysi* cy~ vi~ f} ~hi {e~~isb whfmh wi }hoyjn }~sfpi ~o e{{soemh* ebn fb eb

ybfb~issy{~in cy~ fb`fbf~i {sogsi}} cimoai jfdi ~o" Fb èm~* f` e se~fobej msie~ysi moyjn ipis

siemh ~hf} {ofb~* ~he~ hi ~hosoyghjv jfdi} ~o no ejj aosej jew}* ~hf} woyjn aieb ~he~ ~hisi noi}

bo~ ixf}~ fb hfa ipib ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` e ni}fsi ~he~ woyjn ~ia{~ hfa ~o nipfe~i `soa ~hia4

òs ~o opismoai }ymh e ni}fsi ejwev} mo}~} ~hi }yclim~ }oai }emsf`fmi ebn ~hisiòsi siuyfsi}

}ij`!moa{yj}fob* ~he~ f}* fbwesn mob}~sefb~ ~o }oai~hfbg ~he~ obi noi} bo~ uyf~i jfdi ~o no4 ebnbo msie~ysi meb ipis siemh ~hf} }~egi o` aosej nf}{o}f~fob" @os* cifbg e msie~ysi* ebn ~hisiòsi

ejwev} ni{ibnib~ wf~h si}{im~ ~o whe~ ci siuyfsi} òs moa{ji~i }e~f}èm~fob* hi meb bipis ci

uyf~i `sii `soa ni}fsi} ebn fbmjfbe~fob}* ebn e} ~hi}i si}~ ob {hv}fmej mey}i}* ~hiv meb bipis o`

~hia}ijpi} mofbmfni wf~h ~hi aosej jew* ~hi }oysmi} o` whfmh esi uyf~i nf`ìsib~4 ebn

~hisiòsi ~hiv aedi f~ bimi}}esv ~o òybn ~hi aib~ej nf}{o}f~fob o` obi'} aexfa} ob aosej

ocjfge~fob* bo~ ob sienv fbmjfbe~fob* cy~ ob si}{im~* whfmh niaebn} ocinfibmi ~o ~hi jew*

ipib ~hoygh obi aev bo~ jfdi f~4 bo~ ob jopi* whfmh e{{sihibn} bo fbwesn sijym~ebmi o` ~hi

wfjj ~owesn} ~hi jew" Bipis~hiji}}* ~hf} je~~is* beaijv* jopi ~o ~hi jew (whfmh woyjn ~hib

mie}i ~o ci e moaaebn* ebn ~hib aosejf~v* whfmh woyjn hepi {e}}in }yclim~fpijv fb~o

hojfbi}}* woyjn mie}i ~o ci pfs~yi& ay}~ ci ~hi mob}~eb~ ~hoygh ybe~~efbecji goej o` hf}

ibniepoys}" @os fb ~hi me}i o` whe~ wi hfghjv i}~iia* cy~ vi~ (ob emmoyb~ o` ~himob}mfoy}bi}} o` oys wiedbi}}& nsien* ~hi fbmsie}in èmfjf~v o` }e~f}`vfbg f~ mhebgi} ~hi ao}~

sipisib~fej ewi fb~o fbmjfbe~fob* ebn si}{im~ fb~o jopi4 e~ jie}~ ~hf} woyjn ci ~hi {isìm~fob o` e

nf}{o}f~fob nipo~in ~o ~hi jew* f` f~ wisi {o}}fcji òs e msie~ysi ~o e~~efb f~"


^hf} si`jim~fob f} fb~ibnin bo~ }o aymh ~o mjies y{ ~hi ipebgijfmej moaaebn ly}~ mf~in* fb

osnis ~o {sipib~ sijfgfoy} èbe~fmf}a fb sigesn ~o jopi o` Gon* cy~ ~o ni`fbi emmyse~ijv ~hi

aosej nf}{o}f~fob wf~h sigesn nfsim~jv ~o oys ny~fi} ~owesn} aib* ebn ~o mhimd* os f` {o}}fcji

{sipib~* e aisijv aosej èbe~fmf}a whfmh fbìm~} aebv {is}ob}" ^hi }~egi o` aosejf~v ob

whfmh aeb (ebn* e} ès e} wi meb }ii* ipisv se~fobej msie~ysi& }~ebn} f} si}{im~ òs ~hi aosej

jew" ^hi nf}{o}f~fob ~he~ hi oygh~ ~o hepi fb ocivfbg ~hf} f} ~o ociv f~ `soa ny~v* bo~ `soa

}{ob~ebioy} fbmjfbe~fob* os `soa eb ibniepoys ~edib y{ `soa jfdfbg ebn ybcfnnib4 ebn ~hf}

{so{is aosej mobnf~fob fb whfmh hi meb ejwev} ci f} pfs~yi* ~he~ f}* aosej nf}{o}f~fob afjf~eb~*

ebn bo~ hojfbi}} fb ~hi èbmfin {o}}i}}fob o` e {isìm~ {ysf~v o` ~hi nf}{o}f~fob o` ~hi wfjj" F~ f}

bo~hfbg cy~ aosej èbe~fmf}a ebn ixeggise~in }ij`!mobmif~ ~he~ f} fb`y}in fb~o ~hi afbn cv

ixhos~e~fob ~o em~fob} e} bocji* }ycjfai* ebn aegbebfaoy}* cv whfmh aib esi jin fb~o ~hi

nijy}fob ~he~ f~ f} bo~ ny~v* ~he~ f}* si}{im~ òs ~hi jew* who}i vodi (eb ie}v vodi fbniin*

cimey}i sie}ob f~}ij` fa{o}i} f~ ob y}& ~hiv ay}~ cies* whi~his ~hiv jfdi f~ os bo~* ~he~

mob}~f~y~i} ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hifs em~fob}* ebn whfmh ejwev} hyacji} ~hia whfji~hiv ociv f~4 èbmvfbg ~he~ ~ho}i em~fob} esi ix{im~in `soa ~hia* bo~ `soa ny~v* cy~ e} {ysi

aisf~" @os bo~ objv woyjn ~hiv* fb faf~e~fbg }ymh niin} `soa }ymh e {sfbmf{ji* bo~ hepi

`yj`fjjin ~hi }{fsf~ o` ~hi jew fb ~hi jie}~* whfmh mob}f}~} bo~ fb ~hi jigejf~v o` ~hi em~fob

(wf~hoy~ sigesn ~o {sfbmf{ji&* cy~ fb ~hi }yclim~fob o` ~hi afbn ~o ~hi jew4 bo~ objv

no ~hiv aedi ~hi ao~fpi} {e~hojogfmej (}ie~in fb }va{e~hv os }ij`!jopi&* bo~ aosej (fb ~hi

jew&* cy~ ~hiv {sonymi fb ~hf} wev e pefb* hfgh!`jvfbg* èb~e}~fm wev o` ~hfbdfbg* `je~~isfbg

~hia}ijpi} wf~h e }{ob~ebioy} goonbi}} o` hies~ ~he~ biin} bif~his }{ys bos csfnji* òs whfmh

bo moaaebn f} biinin* ebn ~hisicv òsgi~~fbg ~hifs ocjfge~fob* whfmh ~hiv oygh~ ~o ~hfbd o`

se~his ~heb aisf~" Fbniin em~fob} o` o~his} whfmh esi nobi wf~h gsie~ }emsf`fmi* ebn aisijv òs

~hi }edi o` ny~v* aev ci {sef}in e} bocji ebn }ycjfai* cy~ objv }o ès e} ~hisi esi ~semi}

whfmh }yggi}~ ~he~ ~hiv wisi nobi whojjv oy~ o` si}{im~ òs ny~v ebn bo~ `soa ixmf~inìijfbg}" F` ~hi}i* howipis* esi }i~ ciòsi ebvobi e} ixea{ji} ~o ci faf~e~in* si}{im~ òs ny~v




(whfmh f} ~hi objv ~syi aosej ìijfbg& ay}~ ci ia{jovin e} ~hi ao~fpi! ~hf} }ipisi hojv

{simi{~ whfmh bipis ejjow} oys pefb }ij`!jopi ~o nejjv wf~h {e~hojogfmej fa{yj}i} (howipis

ebejogoy} ~hiv aev ci ~o aosejf~v&* ebn ~o ~edi e {sfni fb aisf~osfoy} wos~h" Bow f` wi

}iesmh wi }hejj `fbn òs ejj em~fob} ~he~ esi wos~hv o` {sef}i e jew o` ny~v whfmh moaaebn}*

ebn noi} bo~ jiepi y} ~o mhoo}i whe~ aev ci egsiiecji ~o oys fbmjfbe~fob}" ^hf} f} ~hi objv

wev o` si{si}ib~fbg ~hfbg} ~he~ meb gfpi e aosej ~sefbfbg ~o ~hi }oyj* cimey}i f~ ejobi f}me{ecji o` }ojfn ebn emmyse~ijv ni`fbin {sfbmf{ji}"

F` èbe~fmf}a fb f~} ao}~ gibisej }ib}i f} e nijfcise~i opis }~i{{fbg o` ~hi jfaf~} o` hyaeb

sie}ob* ~hib aosej èbe~fmf}a f} }ymh eb opis }~i{{fbg o` ~hi coybn} ~he~ {sem~fmej {ysi sie}ob

}i~} ~o aebdfbn* fb ~he~ f~ òscfn} y} ~o {jemi ~hi }yclim~fpi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` mossim~

em~fob}* ~he~ f}* ~hifs aosej ao~fpi* fb ebv~hfbg cy~ ~hi jew f~}ij`* os ~o {jemi ~hi nf}{o}f~fob

whfmh f} ~hisicv csoygh~ fb~o ~hi aexfa} fb ebv~hfbg cy~ si}{im~ òs ~hf} jew* ebn hibmi

moaaebn} y} ~o ~edi e} ~hi }y{siai pf~ej {sfbmf{ji o` ejj aosejf~v fb aib ~hi ~hoygh~ o` ny~v*

whfmh }~sfdi} nowb ejj essogebmi e} wijj e} pefb }ij`!jopi"

F` ~hf} f} }o* f~ f} bo~ objv wsf~is} o` soaebmi os }ib~faib~ej inyme~os} (ej~hoygh ~hiv aev ci

|iejoy} o{{obib~} o` }ib~faib~ejf}a&* cy~ }oai~fai} ipib {hfjo}o{his}* bev* ipib ~hi}ipisi}~ o` ejj* ~hi ]~ofm}* ~he~ hepi csoygh~ fb aosej èbe~fmf}a fb}~ien o` e }ocis cy~ wf}i

aosej nf}mf{jfbi* ej~hoygh ~hi èbe~fmf}a o` ~hi je~~is we} aosi hisofm* ~he~ o` ~hi òsais o`

eb fb}f{fn* i`ìafbe~i mhesem~is4 ebn wi aev* wf~hoy~ hv{omsf}v* }ev o` ~hi aosej ~iemhfbg o`

~hi Go}{ij* ~he~ f~ `fs}~* cv ~hi {ysf~v o` f~} aosej {sfbmf{ji* ebn e~ ~hi }eai ~fai cv f~}

}yf~ecfjf~v ~o ~hi jfaf~e~fob} o` `fbf~i cifbg}* csoygh~ ejj ~hi goon mobnym~ o` aib ybnis ~hi

nf}mf{jfbi o` e ny~v {jefbjv }i~ ciòsi ~hifs ivi}* whfmh noi} bo~ {isaf~ ~hia ~o fbnyjgi fb

nsiea} o` faegfbesv aosej {isìm~fob}4 ebn ~he~ f~ ej}o }i~ ~hi coybn} o` hyafjf~v (~he~ f}*

}ij`!dbowjingi& ~o }ij`!mobmif~ e} wijj e} ~o }ij`!jopi* co~h whfmh esi sienv ~o af}~edi ~hifs

jfaf~}"

Ny~v% ^hoy }ycjfai ebn afgh~v beai ~he~ no}~ iacsemi bo~hfbg mhesafbg os fb}fbye~fbg* cy~

siuyfsi}~ }ycaf}}fob* ebn vi~ }iidi}~ bo~ ~o aopi ~hi wfjj cv ~hsie~ibfbg eygh~ ~he~ woyjn

esoy}i be~ysej epis}fob os ~issos* cy~ aisijv hojni}~ òs~h e jew whfmh o` f~}ij` `fbn} ib~sebmi

fb~o ~hi afbn* ebn vi~ gefb} sijym~eb~ sipisibmi (~hoygh bo~ ejwev} ocinfibmi&* e jew ciòsi

whfmh ejj fbmjfbe~fob} esi nyac* ipib ~hoygh ~hiv }imsi~jv moyb~is!wosd f~4 whe~ osfgfb f}

~hisi wos~hv o` ~hii* ebn whisi f} ~o ci òybn ~hi soo~ o` ~hv bocji ni}mib~ whfmh {soynjv

silim~} ejj dfbnsin wf~h ~hi fbmjfbe~fob}4 e soo~ ~o ci nisfpin `soa whfmh f} ~hi fbnf}{ib}ecji

mobnf~fob o` ~hi objv wos~h whfmh aib meb gfpi ~hia}ijpi}?

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_= R{esegse{h =;q

F~ meb ci bo~hfbg ji}} ~heb e {owis whfmh ijipe~i} aeb ecopi hfa}ij` (e} e {es~ o` ~hi wosjn

o` }ib}i&* e {owis whfmh mobbim~} hfa wf~h eb osnis o` ~hfbg} ~he~ objv ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg meb

mobmifpi* wf~h e wosjn whfmh e~ ~hi }eai ~fai moaaebn} ~hi whoji }ib}fcji wosjn* ebn wf~h

f~ ~hi ia{fsfmejjv ni~isafbecji ixf}~ibmi o` aeb fb ~fai* e} wijj e} ~hi }ya ~o~ej o` ejj ibn}

(whfmh ~o~ejf~v ejobi }yf~} }ymh ybmobnf~fobej {sem~fmej jew} e} ~hi aosej&" ^hf} {owis f}

bo~hfbg cy~ {is}obejf~v* ~he~ f}* `siinoa ebn fbni{ibnibmi ob ~hi aimhebf}a o` be~ysi* vi~*

sigesnin ej}o e} e èmyj~v o` e cifbg whfmh f} }yclim~ ~o }{imfej jew}* beaijv* {ysi {sem~fmej

jew} gfpib cv f~} owb sie}ob4 }o ~he~ ~hi {is}ob e} cijobgfbg ~o ~hi }ib}fcji wosjn f} }yclim~

~o hf} owb {is}obejf~v e} cijobgfbg ~o ~hi fb~ijjfgfcji T}y{is}ib}fcjiQ wosjn" F~ f} ~hib bo~ ~o

ci wobnisin e~ ~he~ aeb* e} cijobgfbg ~o co~h wosjn}* ay}~ sigesn hf} owb be~ysi fb

siìsibmi ~o f~} }imobn ebn hfghi}~ mhesem~isf}~fm objv wf~h sipisibmi* ebn f~} jew} wf~h ~hihfghi}~ si}{im~"




Ob ~hf} osfgfb esi òybnin aebv ix{si}}fob} whfmh ni}fgbe~i ~hi wos~h o` oclim~} emmosnfbg

~o aosej fnie}" ^hi aosej jew f} hojv (fbpfojecji&" Aeb f} fbniin ybhojv iboygh* cy~ hi ay}~

sigesn hyaebf~v fb hf} owb {is}ob e} hojv" Fb ejj msie~fob ipisv ~hfbg obi mhoo}i} ebn opis

whfmh obi he} ebv {owis* aev ci y}in aisijv e} aieb}4 aeb ejobi* ebn wf~h hfa ipisv

se~fobej msie~ysi* f} eb ibn fb hfa}ij`"Cv pfs~yi o` ~hi ey~oboav o` hf} `siinoa hi f} ~hi }yclim~ o` ~hi aosej jew* whfmh f} hojv"

Ly}~ òs ~hf} sie}ob ipisv wfjj* ipib ipisv {is}ob'} owb fbnfpfnyej wfjj* fb sije~fob ~o f~}ij`* f}

si}~sfm~in ~o ~hi mobnf~fob o` egsiiaib~ wf~h ~hi ey~oboav o` ~hi se~fobej cifbg* ~he~ f} ~o }ev*

~he~ f~ f} bo~ ~o ci }yclim~ ~o ebv {ys{o}i whfmh mebbo~ emmosn wf~h e jew whfmh afgh~ esf}i

`soa ~hi wfjj o` ~hi {e}}fpi }yclim~ hfa}ij`4 ~hi je~~is f}* ~hisiòsi* bipis ~o ci ia{jovin

aisijv e} aieb}* cy~ e} f~}ij` ej}o* mobmyssib~jv* eb ibn"

Wi ly}~jv e~~sfcy~i ~hf} mobnf~fob ipib ~o ~hi Nfpfbi wfjj* wf~h sigesn ~o ~hi se~fobej cifbg} fb

~hi wosjn* whfmh esi Hf} msie~ysi}* }fbmi f~ si}~} ob ~hifs {is}obejf~v* cv whfmh ejobi ~hiv esi

ibn} fb ~hia}ijpi}"

^hf} si}{im~!fb}{fsfbg fnie o` {is}obejf~v whfmh }i~} ciòsi oys ivi} ~hi }ycjfaf~v o` oys be~ysi (fb f~} hfghis e}{im~&* whfji e~ ~hi }eai ~fai f~ }how} y} ~hi web~ o` emmosn o` oys

mobnym~ wf~h f~ ebn ~hisicv }~sfdi} nowb }ij`!mobmif~* f} ipib be~ysej ~o ~hi moaaobi}~ sie}ob

ebn ie}fjv oc}ispin" He} bo~ ipisv ipib aonise~ijv hoboysecji aeb }oai~fai} òybn ~he~*

whisi cv eb o~hiswf}i fbo`ìb}fpi jfi hi afgh~ if~his hepi wf~hnsewb hfa}ij` `soa eb

yb{jie}eb~ cy}fbi}}* os ipib hepi {somysin }oai enpeb~egi} òs e jopin ebn wijj!ni}ispfbg

`sfibn* hi he} epofnin f~ }ojijv ji}~ hi }hoyjn ni}{f}i hfa}ij` }imsi~jv fb hf} owb ivi}? Whib

eb y{sfgh~ aeb f} fb ~hi gsie~i}~ nf}~si}}* whfmh hi afgh~ hepi epofnin f` hi moyjn objv hepi

nf}sigesnin ny~v* f} hi bo~ }y}~efbin cv ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} ~he~ hi he} aefb~efbin hyaebf~v fb

f~} {so{is nfgbf~v fb hf} owb {is}ob ebn hoboysin f~* ~he~ hi he} bo sie}ob ~o ci e}heain o`

hfa}ij` fb hf} owb }fgh~* os ~o nsien ~hi fbwesn gjebmi o` }ij`!ixeafbe~fob? ^hf} mob}oje~fob

f} bo~ he{{fbi}}* f~ f} bo~ ipib ~hi }aejji}~ {es~ o` f~* òs bo obi woyjn wf}h ~o hepi omme}fob

òs f~* os woyjn* {ishe{}* ipib ni}fsi e jfì fb }ymh mfsmya}~ebmi}" Cy~ hi jfpi}* ebn hi mebbo~

ibnysi ~he~ hi }hoyjn ci fb hf} owb ivi} ybwos~hv o` jfì"

^hf} fbwesn {iemi f} ~hisiòsi aisijv bige~fpi e} sigesn} whe~ meb aedi jfì {jie}eb~4 f~ f}* fb

èm~* objv ~hi i}me{fbg ~hi nebgis o` }fbdfbg fb {is}obej wos~h* e`~is ipisv~hfbg ij}i ~he~ f}

pejyecji he} ciib jo}~" F~ f} ~hi i`ìm~ o` e si}{im~ òs }oai~hfbg uyf~i nf`ìsib~ `soa jfì*

}oai~hfbg fb moa{esf}ob ebn mob~se}~ wf~h whfmh jfì wf~h ejj f~} iblovaib~ he} bo pejyi" Hi

}~fjj jfpi} objv cimey}i f~ f} hf} ny~v* bo~ cimey}i hi `fbn} ebv~hfbg {jie}eb~ fb jfì"

]ymh f} ~hi be~ysi o` ~hi ~syi ao~fpi o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob4 f~ f} bo o~his ~heb ~hi {ysi aosej

jew f~}ij`* fbe}aymh e} f~ aedi} y} mob}mfoy} o` ~hi }ycjfaf~v o` oys owb }y{is}ib}fcjiixf}~ibmi ebn }yclim~fpijv {sonymi} si}{im~ òs ~hifs hfghis be~ysi fb aib who esi ej}o

mob}mfoy} o` ~hifs }ib}fcji ixf}~ibmi ebn o` ~hi mob}iuyib~ ni{ibnibmi o` ~hifs {e~hojogfmejjv

pisv }y}mi{~fcji be~ysi" Bow wf~h ~hf} ao~fpi aev ci moacfbin }o aebv mhesa} ebn

}e~f}èm~fob} o` jfì ~he~ ipib ob ~hf} emmoyb~ ejobi ~hi ao}~ {synib~ mhofmi o` e se~fobej

I{fmysieb si`jim~fbg ob ~hi gsie~i}~ enpeb~egi o` jfì woyjn nimjesi f~}ij` ob ~hi }fni o` aosej

mobnym~* ebn f~ aev ipib ci enpf}ecji ~o lofb ~hf} {so}{im~ o` e mhiis`yj iblovaib~ o` jfì

wf~h ~he~ }y{siai ao~fpi whfmh f} ejsienv }y``fmfib~ o` f~}ij`4 cy~ objv e} e moyb~is{of}i ~o

~hi e~~sem~fob} whfmh pfmi noi} bo~ èfj ~o ixhfcf~ ob ~hi o{{o}f~i }fni* ebn bo~ }o e}* ipib fb

~hi }aejji}~ nigsii* ~o {jemi fb ~hf} ~hi {so{is aopfbg {owis whib ny~v f} fb uyi}~fob" @os

~he~ woyjn ci ly}~ ~hi }eai e} ~o wf}h ~o ~efb~ ~hi {ysf~v o` ~hi aosej nf}{o}f~fob fb f~} }oysmi"

^hi aeli}~v o` ny~v he} bo~hfbg ~o no wf~h iblovaib~ o` jfì4 f~ he} f~} }{imfej jew ebn f~}}{imfej ~sfcybej* ebn ~hoygh ~hi ~wo }hoyjn ci bipis }o wijj }hedib ~ogi~his ~o ci gfpib wijj




afxin* jfdi ainfmfbi* ~o ~hi }fmd }oyj* vi~ ~hiv wfjj }oob }i{ese~i o` ~hia}ijpi}4 ebn f` ~hiv

no bo~* ~hi òsais wfjj bo~ em~4 ebn ej~hoygh {hv}fmej jfì afgh~ gefb }oaiwhe~ fb òsmi* ~hi

aosej jfì woyjn èni ewev fssimopisecjv"

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_= R{esegse{h =9q

Msf~fmej Ixeafbe~fob o` ~hi Ebejv~fm o` [ysi [sem~fmej Sie}ob

Cv ~hi msf~fmej ixeafbe~fob o` e }mfibmi* os o` e {os~fob o` f~* whfmh mob}~f~y~i} e }v}~ia cv

f~}ij`* F ybnis}~ebn ~hi fbuyfsv ebn {soo` whv f~ ay}~ hepi ~hf} ebn bo o~his }v}~iae~fm òsa*

whib wi moa{esi f~ wf~h ebo~his }v}~ia whfmh f} ce}in ob e }fafjes èmyj~v o` dbowjingi"

Bow {sem~fmej ebn }{imyje~fpi sie}ob esi ce}in ob ~hi }eai èmyj~v* }o ès e} co~h esi {ysi

sie}ob" ^hisiòsi ~hi nf`ìsibmi fb ~hifs }v}~iae~fm òsa ay}~ ci ni~isafbin cv ~hi

moa{esf}ob o` co~h* ebn ~hi gsoybn o` ~hf} ay}~ ci e}}fgbin"

^hi Ebejv~fm o` {ysi ~hiosi~fm sie}ob hen ~o no wf~h ~hi dbowjingi o` }ymh oclim~} e} aev

hepi ciib gfpib ~o ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg* ebn we} ocjfgin ~hisiòsi ~o cigfb `soa fb~yf~fob ebn

mob}iuyib~jv (e} ~hf} f} ejwev} }ib}fcji& `soa }ib}fcfjf~v4 ebn objv e`~is ~he~ moyjn enpebmi ~o

mobmi{~} (o` ~hi oclim~} o` ~hf} fb~yf~fob&* ebn moyjn objv ibn wf~h {sfbmf{ji} e`~is co~h ~hi}i

hen {siminin" Ob ~hi mob~sesv* }fbmi {sem~fmej sie}ob he} bo~ ~o no wf~h oclim~} }o e} ~o dbow

~hia* cy~ wf~h f~} owb èmyj~v o` siejf|fbg ~hia (fb emmosnebmi wf~h ~hi dbowjingi o` ~hia&*

he~ f}* wf~h e wfjj whfmh f} e mey}ejf~v* fbe}aymh e} sie}ob mob~efb} f~} ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji4}fbmi* mob}iuyib~jv* f~ he} bo~ ~o `ysbf}h eb oclim~ o` fb~yf~fob* cy~ e} {sem~fmej sie}ob he} ~o

`ysbf}h objv e jew (cimey}i ~hi bo~fob o` mey}ejf~v ejwev} fa{jfi} ~hi siìsibmi ~o e jew

whfmh ni~isafbi} ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hi aebv fb sije~fob ~o obi ebo~his&4 hibmi e msf~fmej

ixeafbe~fob o` ~hi Ebejv~fm o` sie}ob* f` ~hf} f} ~o ci {sem~fmej sie}ob (ebn ~hf} f} {so{isjv ~hi

{socjia&* ay}~ cigfb wf~h ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji} e {sfosf" Objv e`~is ~he~ meb f~

{somiin ~o mobmi{~} o` ~hi oclim~} o` e {sem~fmej sie}ob* beaijv* ~ho}i o` ec}ojy~i goon ebn

ipfj* fb osnis ~o e}}fgb ~hia fb emmosnebmi wf~h ~ho}i {sfbmf{ji} (òs {sfos ~o ~ho}i {sfbmf{ji}

~hiv mebbo~ {o}}fcjv ci gfpib e} goon ebn ipfj cv ebv èmyj~v o` dbowjingi&* ebn objv ~hib

moyjn ~hi }im~fob ci mobmjynin wf~h ~hi je}~ mhe{~is* ~he~* beaijv* whfmh ~sie~} o` ~hi sije~fob

o` ~hi {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob ~o ~hi }ib}fcfjf~v ebn o` f~} bimi}}esv fb`jyibmi ~hisiob* whfmh f} e

{sfosf mogbf}ecji* ~he~ f}* o` ~hi aosej }ib~faib~" ^hy} ~hi Ebejv~fm o` ~hi {sem~fmej {ysisie}ob he} ~hi whoji ix~ib~ o` ~hi mobnf~fob} o` f~} y}i fb moaaob wf~h ~hi ~hiosi~fmej* cy~ fb

sipis}i osnis" ^hi Ebejv~fm o` {ysi ~hiosi~fm sie}ob we} nfpfnin fb~o ~seb}mibnib~ej Ei}~hi~fm

ebn ~seb}mibnib~ej Jogfm* ~he~ o` ~hi {sem~fmej sipis}ijv fb~o Jogfm ebn Ei}~hi~fm o` {ysi

{sem~fmej sie}ob (f` F aev* òs ~hi }edi o` ebejogv aisijv* y}i ~hi}i ni}fgbe~fob}* whfmh esi

bo~ uyf~i }yf~ecji&" ^hf} jogfm egefb we} ~hisi nfpfnin fb~o ~hi Ebejv~fm o` mobmi{~} ebn ~he~ o`

{sfbmf{ji}< hisi fb~o ~he~ o` {sfbmf{ji} ebn mobmi{~}" ^hi Ei}~hi~fm ej}o hen fb ~hi òsais me}i

~wo {es~}* ob emmoyb~ o` ~hi ~wo dfbn} o` }ib}fcji fb~yf~fob4 hisi ~hi }ib}fcfjf~v f} bo~

mob}fnisin e} e me{emf~v o` fb~yf~fob e~ ejj* cy~ aisijv e} ìijfbg (whfmh meb ci e }yclim~fpi

gsoybn o` ni}fsi&* ebn fb sigesn ~o f~ {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob enaf~} bo `ys~his nfpf}fob"

F~ f} ej}o ie}v ~o }ii ~hi sie}ob whv ~hf} nfpf}fob fb~o ~wo {es~} wf~h f~} }ycnfpf}fob we} bo~em~yejjv eno{~in hisi (e} obi afgh~ hepi ciib fbnymin ~o e~~ia{~ cv ~hi ixea{ji o` ~hi




òsais msf~fuyi&" @os }fbmi f~ f} {ysi sie}ob ~he~ f} hisi mob}fnisin fb f~} {sem~fmej y}i* ebn

mob}iuyib~jv e} {somiinfbg `soa e {sfosf {sfbmf{ji}* ebn bo~ `soa ia{fsfmej {sfbmf{ji} o`

ni~isafbe~fob* hibmi ~hi nfpf}fob o` ~hi ebejv~fm o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob ay}~ si}iacji ~he~

o` e }vjjogf}a4 beaijv* {somiinfbg `soa ~hi ybfpis}ej fb ~hi aelos {siaf}} (~hi aosej

{sfbmf{ji&* ~hsoygh e afbos {siaf}} mob~efbfbg e }yc}ya{~fob o` {o}}fcji em~fob} (e} goon os

ipfj& ybnis ~hi òsais* ~o ~hi mobmjy}fob* beaijv* ~hi }yclim~fpi ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj (ebfb~isi}~ fb ~hi {o}}fcji {sem~fmej goon* ebn fb ~hi aexfa òybnin ob f~&" Hi who he} ciib ecji

~o mobpfbmi hfa}ij` o` ~hi ~sy~h o` ~hi {o}f~fob} ommyssfbg fb ~hi Ebejv~fm wfjj ~edi {jie}ysi fb

}ymh moa{esf}ob}4 òs ~hiv ly}~jv }yggi}~ ~hi ix{im~e~fob ~he~ wi aev {ishe{} }oai nev ci

ecji ~o nf}misb ~hi ybf~v o` ~hi whoji èmyj~v o` sie}ob (~hiosi~fmej e} wijj e} {sem~fmej& ebn ci

ecji ~o nisfpi ejj `soa obi {sfbmf{ji* whfmh* f} whe~ hyaeb sie}ob fbipf~ecjv niaebn}* e} f~

`fbn} moa{ji~i }e~f}èm~fob objv fb e {isìm~jv }v}~iae~fm ybf~v o` f~} dbowjingi"

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_= R{esegse{h >;q

F` bow wi mob}fnis ej}o ~hi mob~ib~} o` ~hi dbowjingi ~he~ wi meb hepi o` e {ysi {sem~fmejsie}ob* ebn cv aieb} o` f~* e} }howb cv ~hi Ebejv~fm* wi `fbn* ejobg wf~h e siaesdecji

ebejogv ci~wiib f~ ebn ~hi ~hiosi~fmej* bo ji}} siaesdecji nf`ìsibmi}" E} sigesn} ~hi

~hiosi~fmej* ~hi èmyj~v o` e {ysi se~fobej mogbf~fob e {sfosf moyjn ci ie}fjv ebn ipfnib~jv

{sopin cv ixea{ji} `soa }mfibmi} (fb whfmh* e} ~hiv {y~ ~hifs {sfbmf{ji} ~o ~hi ~i}~ fb }o aebv

wev} cv ai~honfmej y}i* ~hisi f} bo~ }o aymh sie}ob e} fb moaaob dbowjingi ~o ìes e }imsi~

afx~ysi o` ia{fsfmej {sfbmf{ji} o` mogbf~fob&" Cy~* ~he~ {ysi sie}ob wf~hoy~ ~hi enafx~ysi o`

ebv ia{fsfmej {sfbmf{ji f} {sem~fmej o` f~}ij`* ~hf} moyjn objv ci }howb `soa ~hi moaaobi}~

{sem~fmej y}i o` sie}ob* cv pisf`vfbg ~hi èm~* ~he~ ipisv aeb'} be~ysej sie}ob emdbowjingi}

~hi }y{siai {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji e} ~hi }y{siai jew o` hf} wfjj! e jew moa{ji~ijv e {sfosf ebn

bo~ ni{ibnfbg ob ebv }ib}fcji ne~e" F~ we} bimi}}esv `fs}~ ~o i}~ecjf}h ebn pisf`v ~hi {ysf~v o`

f~} osfgfb* ipib fb ~hi lyngiaib~ o` ~hf} moaaob sie}ob* ciòsi }mfibmi moyjn ~edi f~ fb hebn

~o aedi y}i o` f~* e} e èm~* ~he~ f}* {sfos ~o ejj nf}{y~e~fob ecoy~ f~} {o}}fcfjf~v* ebn ejj ~hi

mob}iuyibmi} ~he~ aev ci nsewb `soa f~" Cy~ ~hf} mfsmya}~ebmi aev ci sienfjv ix{jefbin

`soa whe~ he} ly}~ ciib }efn4 cimey}i {sem~fmej {ysi sie}ob ay}~ bimi}}esfjv cigfb wf~h

{sfbmf{ji}* whfmh ~hisiòsi ay}~ ci ~hi `fs}~ ne~e* ~hi òybne~fob o` ejj }mfibmi* ebn mebbo~ ci

nisfpin `soa f~" F~ we} {o}}fcji ~o i`ìm~ ~hf} pisf`fme~fob o` aosej {sfbmf{ji} e} {sfbmf{ji} o` e

{ysi sie}ob uyf~i wijj* ebn wf~h }y``fmfib~ mis~efb~v* cv e }fbgji e{{iej ~o ~hi lyngiaib~ o`

moaaob }ib}i* òs ~hf} sie}ob* ~he~ ebv~hfbg ia{fsfmej whfmh afgh~ }jf{ fb~o oys aexfa} e} e

ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj meb ci ni~im~in e~ obmi cv ~hi ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi os {efb

whfmh bimi}}esfjv e~~emhi} ~o f~ e} ixmf~fbg ni}fsi4 whisie} {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob {o}f~fpijv

si`y}i} ~o enaf~ ~hf} ìijfbg fb~o f~} {sfbmf{ji e} e mobnf~fob" ^hi hi~isogibif~v o` ~hini~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji} (~hi ia{fsfmej ebn se~fobej& f} mjiesjv ni~im~in cv ~hf} si}f}~ebmi o` e

{sem~fmejjv jigf}je~fbg sie}ob egefb}~ ipisv enafx~ysi o` fbmjfbe~fob* ebn cv e {imyjfes dfbn o`

}ib~faib~* whfmh* howipis* noi} bo~ {simini ~hi jigf}je~fob o` ~hi {sem~fmej sie}ob* cy~* ob ~hi

mob~sesv* f} {sonymin cv ~hf} e} e mob}~sefb~* beaijv* cv ~hi ìijfbg o` e si}{im~ }ymh e} bo

aeb he} òs fbmjfbe~fob} o` whe~ipis dfbn cy~ òs ~hi jew objv4 ebn f~ f} ni~im~in fb }o aesdin

ebn {soafbib~ e aebbis ~he~ ipib ~hi ao}~ ybfb}~sym~in mebbo~ èfj ~o }ii e~ obmi fb eb

ixea{ji {si}ib~in ~o hfa* ~he~ ia{fsfmej {sfbmf{ji} o` pojf~fob aev fbniin ysgi hfa ~o òjjow

~hifs e~~sem~fob}* cy~ ~he~ hi meb bipis ci ix{im~in ~o ociv ebv~hfbg cy~ ~hi {ysi {sem~fmej jew

o` sie}ob ejobi"

^hi nf}~fbm~fob ci~wiib ~hi nom~sfbi o` he{{fbi}} ebn ~hi nom~sfbi o` aosejf~v* fb ~hi òsais o` whfmh ia{fsfmej {sfbmf{ji} mob}~f~y~i ~hi ib~fsi òybne~fob* whfji fb ~hi }imobn ~hiv no bo~




òsa ~hi }aejji}~ {es~ o` f~* f} ~hi `fs}~ ebn ao}~ fa{os~eb~ o``fmi o` ~hi Ebejv~fm o` {ysi

{sem~fmej sie}ob4 ebn f~ ay}~ {somiin fb f~ wf~h e} aymh ixem~bi}} ebn* }o ~o }{ied*

}msy{yjoy}bi}}* e} ebv gioai~is fb hf} wosd" ^hi {hfjo}o{his* howipis* he} gsie~is

nf``fmyj~fi} ~o mob~ibn wf~h hisi (e} ejwev} fb se~fobej mogbf~fob cv aieb} o` mobmi{~} aisijv

wf~hoy~ mob}~sym~fob&* cimey}i hi mebbo~ ~edi ebv fb~yf~fob e} e òybne~fob (òs e {ysi

boyaibob&" Hi he}* howipis* ~hf} enpeb~egi ~he~* jfdi ~hi mhiaf}~* hi meb e~ ebv ~fai aedieb ix{isfaib~ wf~h ipisv aeb'} {sem~fmej sie}ob òs ~hi {ys{o}i o` nf}~fbgyf}hfbg ~hi aosej

({ysi& {sfbmf{ji o` ni~isafbe~fob `soa ~hi ia{fsfmej4 beaijv* cv ennfbg ~hi aosej jew (e} e

ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji& ~o ~hi ia{fsfmejjv e`ìm~in wfjj (i"g"* ~he~ o` ~hi aeb who woyjn ci

sienv ~o jfi cimey}i hi meb gefb }oai~hfbg ~hisicv&" F~ f} e} f` ~hi ebejv}~ ennin ejdejf ~o e

}ojy~fob o` jfai fb hvnsomhjosfm emfn* ~hi emfn e~ obmi òs}edi} ~hi jfai* moacfbi} wf~h ~hi

ejdejf* ebn ~hi jfai f} {simf{f~e~in" ly}~ fb ~hi }eai wev* f` ~o e aeb who f} o~hiswf}i hobi}~

(os who òs ~hf} omme}fob {jemi} hfa}ij` objv fb ~hoygh~ fb ~hi {o}f~fob o` eb hobi}~ aeb&* wi

{si}ib~ ~hi aosej jew cv whfmh hi simogbf}i} ~hi wos~hji}}bi}} o` ~hi jfes* hf} {sem~fmej

sie}ob (fb òsafbg e lyngiaib~ o` whe~ oygh~ ~o ci nobi& e~ obmi òs}edi} ~hi enpeb~egi*

moacfbi} wf~h ~he~ whfmh aefb~efb} fb hfa si}{im~ òs hf} owb {is}ob (~sy~h`yjbi}}&* ebn ~hi

enpeb~egi e`~is f~ he} ciib }i{ese~in ebn we}hin `soa ipisv {es~fmji o` sie}ob (whfmh f}ej~ogi~his ob ~hi }fni o` ny~v& f} ie}fjv wifghin cv ipisvobi* }o ~he~ f~ meb ib~is fb~o

moacfbe~fob wf~h sie}ob fb o~his me}i}* objv bo~ whisi f~ moyjn ci o{{o}in ~o ~hi aosej jew*

whfmh sie}ob bipis òs}edi}* cy~ ao}~ mjo}ijv ybf~i} f~}ij` wf~h"

Cy~ f~ noi} bo~ òjjow ~he~ ~hf} nf}~fbm~fob ci~wiib ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` he{{fbi}} ebn ~he~ o`

aosejf~v f} eb o{{o}f~fob ci~wiib ~hia* ebn {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob noi} bo~ siuyfsi ~he~ wi

}hoyjn siboybmi ejj mjefa ~o he{{fbi}}* cy~ objv ~he~ ~hi aoaib~ ny~v f} fb uyi}~fob wi

}hoyjn ~edi bo emmoyb~ o` he{{fbi}}" F~ aev ipib fb mis~efb si}{im~} ci e ny~v ~o {sopfni òs

he{{fbi}}4 {es~jv* cimey}i (fbmjynfbg }dfjj* wiej~h* sfmhi}& f~ mob~efb} aieb} òs ~hi `yj`fjaib~

o` oys ny~v4 {es~jv* cimey}i ~hi ec}ibmi o` f~ (i"g"* {opis~v& fa{jfi} ~ia{~e~fob} ~o ~seb}gsi}}

oys ny~v" Cy~ f~ meb bipis ci eb faainfe~i ny~v ~o {soao~i oys he{{fbi}}* }~fjj ji}} meb f~ ci

~hi {sfbmf{ji o` ejj ny~v" Bow* e} ejj ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji} o` ~hi wfjj* ixmi{~ ~hi jew o` {ysi

{sem~fmej sie}ob ejobi (~hi aosej jew&* esi ejj ia{fsfmej ebn* ~hisiòsi* e} }ymh* cijobg ~o ~hi

{sfbmf{ji o` he{{fbi}}* ~hiv ay}~ ejj ci di{~ e{es~ `soa ~hi }y{siai {sfbmf{ji o` aosejf~v ebn

bipis ci fbmos{ose~in wf~h f~ e} e mobnf~fob4 }fbmi ~hf} woyjn ci ~o ni}~sov ejj aosej wos~h

ly}~ e} aymh e} ebv ia{fsfmej enafx~ysi wf~h gioai~sfmej {sfbmf{ji} woyjn ni}~sov ~hi

mis~efb~v o` ae~hiae~fmej ipfnibmi* whfmh fb [je~o'} o{fbfob f} ~hi ao}~ ixmijjib~ ~hfbg fb

ae~hiae~fm}* ipib }ys{e}}fbg ~hifs y~fjf~v"

Fb}~ien* howipis* o` ~hi ninym~fob o` ~hi }y{siai {sfbmf{ji o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob* ~he~ f}*

~hi ix{jebe~fob o` ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` }ymh e dbowjingi e {sfosf* ~hi y~ao}~ wi wisi ecji ~o nowe} ~o }how ~he~ f` wi }ew ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi `siinoa o` eb i``fmfib~ mey}i* wi }hoyjn ej}o

}ii bo~ aisijv ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v* cy~ ipib ~hi bimi}}f~v* o` ~hi aosej jew e} ~hi }y{siai

{sem~fmej jew o` se~fobej cifbg}* ~o whoa wi e~~sfcy~i `siinoa o` mey}ejf~v o` ~hifs wfjj4

cimey}i co~h mobmi{~} esi }o fb}i{esecjv ybf~in ~he~ wi afgh~ ni`fbi {sem~fmej `siinoa e}

fbni{ibnibmi o` ~hi wfjj ob ebv~hfbg cy~ ~hi aosej jew" Cy~ wi mebbo~ {ismifpi ~hi

{o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi `siinoa o` eb i``fmfib~ mey}i* i}{imfejjv fb ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i4 wi esi

òs~ybe~i f` objv wi meb ci }y``fmfib~jv e}}ysin ~he~ ~hisi f} bo {soo` o` f~} fa{o}}fcfjf~v* ebn

esi bow* cv ~hi aosej jew whfmh {o}~yje~i} f~* moa{ijjin ebn ~hisiòsi ey~hosf|in ~o e}}yai

f~" Howipis* ~hisi esi }~fjj aebv who ~hfbd ~he~ ~hiv meb ix{jefb ~hf} `siinoa ob ia{fsfmej

{sfbmf{ji}* jfdi ebv o~his {hv}fmej èmyj~v* ebn ~sie~ f~ e} e {}vmhojogfmej {so{is~v* ~hi

ix{jebe~fob o` whfmh objv siuyfsi} e aosi ixem~ }~ynv o` ~hi be~ysi o` ~hi }oyj ebn o` ~hiao~fpi} o` ~hi wfjj* ebn bo~ e} e ~seb}mibnib~ej {sinfme~i o` ~hi mey}ejf~v o` e cifbg ~he~




cijobg} ~o ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i (whfmh f} siejjv ~hi {ofb~&" ^hiv ~hy} ni{sfpi y} o` ~hi gsebn

sipije~fob whfmh wi oc~efb ~hsoygh {sem~fmej sie}ob cv aieb} o` ~hi aosej jew* ~hi

sipije~fob* beaijv* o` e }y{is}ib}fcji wosjn cv ~hi siejf|e~fob o` ~hi o~hiswf}i ~seb}mibnib~

mobmi{~ o` `siinoa* ebn cv ~hf} ni{sfpi y} ej}o o` ~hi aosej jew f~}ij`* whfmh enaf~} bo

ia{fsfmej {sfbmf{ji o` ni~isafbe~fob" ^hisiòsi f~ wfjj ci bimi}}esv ~o enn }oai~hfbg hisi e} e

{so~im~fob egefb}~ ~hf} nijy}fob ebn ~o ixhfcf~ ia{fsfmf}a fb f~} bedin }y{is`fmfejf~v"

^hi bo~fob o` mey}ejf~v e} {hv}fmej bimi}}f~v* fb o{{o}f~fob ~o ~hi }eai bo~fob e} `siinoa*

mobmisb} objv ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hfbg} }o ès e} f~ f} ni~isafbecji fb ~fai* ebn* mob}iuyib~jv* e}

{hiboaibe* fb o{{o}f~fob ~o ~hifs mey}ejf~v e} ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi}" Bow f` wi ~edi ~hi

e~~sfcy~i} o` ixf}~ibmi o` ~hfbg} fb ~fai òs e~~sfcy~i} o` ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi} (whfmh f} ~hi

moaaob pfiw&* ~hib f~ f} fa{o}}fcji ~o simobmfji ~hi bimi}}f~v o` ~hi mey}ej sije~fob wf~h

`siinoa4 ~hiv esi mob~senfm~osv" @os `soa ~hi òsais f~ òjjow} ~he~ ipisv ipib~* ebn

mob}iuyib~jv ipisv em~fob ~he~ ~edi} {jemi e~ e mis~efb {ofb~ o` ~fai* f} e bimi}}esv si}yj~ o`

whe~ ixf}~in fb ~fai {siminfbg" Bow e} ~fai {e}~ f} bo jobgis fb av {owis* hibmi ipisv

em~fob ~he~ F {isòsa ay}~ ci ~hi bimi}}esv si}yj~ o` mis~efb ni~isafbfbg gsoybn} whfmh esi

bo~ fb av {owis* ~he~ f}* e~ ~hi aoaib~ fb whfmh F ea em~fbg F ea bipis `sii" Bev* ipib f` Fe}}yai ~he~ av whoji ixf}~ibmi f} fbni{ibnib~ ob ebv òsifgb mey}i (òs fb}~ebmi* Gon&* }o

~he~ ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji} o` av mey}ejf~v* ebn ipib o` av whoji ixf}~ibmi* wisi bo~

oy~}fni av}ij`* vi~ ~hf} woyjn bo~ fb ~hi jie}~ ~seb}òsa ~he~ {hv}fmej bimi}}f~v fb~o `siinoa"

@os e~ ipisv aoaib~ o` ~fai F ea }~fjj ybnis ~hi bimi}}f~v o` cifbg ni~isafbin ~o em~fob cv

~he~ whfmh f} bo~ fb av {owis* ebn ~hi }isfi} o` ipib~} fb`fbf~i e {es~i {sfosf* whfmh F objv

mob~fbyi emmosnfbg ~o e {si!ni~isafbin osnis ebn moyjn bipis cigfb o` av}ij`* woyjn ci e

mob~fbyoy} {hv}fmej mhefb* ebn ~hisiòsi av mey}ejf~v woyjn bipis ci `siinoa"

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_= R{esegse{h >9q

F`* ~hib* wi woyjn e~~sfcy~i `siinoa ~o e cifbg who}i ixf}~ibmi f} ni~isafbin fb ~fai* wi

mebbo~ ixmi{~ hfa `soa ~hi jew o` bimi}}f~v e} ~o ejj ipib~} fb hf} ixf}~ibmi ebn*

mob}iuyib~jv* e} ~o hf} em~fob} ej}o4 òs ~he~ woyjn ci ~o hebn hfa opis ~o cjfbn mhebmi" Bow

e} ~hf} jew fbipf~ecjv e{{jfi} ~o ejj ~hi mey}ejf~v o` ~hfbg}* }o ès e} ~hifs ixf}~ibmi f}

ni~isafbecji fb ~fai* f~ òjjow} ~he~ f` ~hf} wisi ~hi aoni fb whfmh wi hen ej}o ~o mobmifpi

~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hi}i ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi}* `siinoa ay}~ ci silim~in e} e pefb ebn fa{o}}fcji

mobmi{~fob" Mob}iuyib~jv* f` wi woyjn }~fjj }epi f~* bo o~his wev siaefb} cy~ ~o mob}fnis ~he~

~hi ixf}~ibmi o` e ~hfbg* }o ès e} f~ f} ni~isafbecji fb ~fai* ebn ~hisiòsi f~} mey}ejf~v*

emmosnfbg ~o ~hi jew o` {hv}fmej bimi}}f~v* cijobg ~o e{{iesebmi* ebn ~o e~~sfcy~i `siinoa ~o

~hi }eai cifbg e} e ~hfbg fb f~}ij`"

^hf} f} mis~efbjv fbipf~ecji* f` wi woyjn si~efb co~h ~hi}i mob~senfm~osv mobmi{~} ~ogi~his4 cy~fb e{{jfme~fob* whib wi ~sv ~o ix{jefb ~hifs moacfbe~fob fb obi ebn ~hi }eai em~fob* gsie~

nf``fmyj~fi} {si}ib~ ~hia}ijpi} whfmh }iia ~o sibnis }ymh e moacfbe~fob fa{sem~fmecji"

Whib F }ev o` e aeb who moaaf~} e ~hi`~ ~he~* cv ~hi jew o` mey}ejf~v* ~hf} niin f} e

bimi}}esv si}yj~ o` ~hi ni~isafbfbg mey}i} fb {siminfbg ~fai* ~hib f~ we} fa{o}}fcji ~he~ f~

moyjn bo~ hepi he{{ibin4 how ~hib meb ~hi lyngiaib~* emmosnfbg ~o ~hi aosej jew* aedi ebv

mhebgi* ebn }y{{o}i ~he~ f~ moyjn hepi ciib oaf~~in* cimey}i ~hi jew }ev} ~he~ f~ oygh~ ~o

hepi ciib oaf~~in4 ~he~ f}* how meb e aeb ci mejjin uyf~i `sii e~ ~hi }eai aoaib~* ebn wf~h

si}{im~ ~o ~hi }eai em~fob fb whfmh hi f} }yclim~ ~o eb fbipf~ecji {hv}fmej bimi}}f~v?

]oai ~sv ~o ipeni ~hf} cv }evfbg ~he~ ~hi mey}i} ~he~ ni~isafbi hf} mey}ejf~v esi o` }ymh e dfbn

e} ~o egsii wf~h e moa{ese~fpi bo~fob o` `siinoa" Emmosnfbg ~o ~hf}* ~he~ f} }oai~fai} mejjine `sii i`ìm~* ~hi ni~isafbfbg {hv}fmej mey}i o` whfmh jfi} wf~hfb ~hi em~fbg ~hfbg f~}ij`* i"g"*




~he~ whfmh e {solim~fji {isòsa} whib f~ f} fb `sii ao~fob* fb whfmh me}i wi y}i ~hi wosn

`siinoa* cimey}i whfji f~ f} fb `jfgh~ f~ f} bo~ ysgin cv ebv~hfbg ix~isbej4 os e} wi mejj ~hi

ao~fob o` e mjomd e `sii ao~fob* cimey}i f~ aopi} f~} hebn} f~}ij`* whfmh ~hisiòsi no bo~

siuyfsi ~o ci {y}hin cv ix~isbej òsmi4 }o ej~hoygh ~hi em~fob} o` aeb esi bimi}}esfjv

ni~isafbin cv mey}i} whfmh {simini fb ~fai* wi vi~ mejj ~hia `sii* cimey}i ~hi}i mey}i} esi

fnie} {sonymin cv oys owb èmyj~fi}* whisicv ni}fsi} esi ipodin ob omme}fob o` mfsmya}~ebmi}* ebn hibmi em~fob} esi wsoygh~ emmosnfbg ~o oys owb {jie}ysi" ^hf} f} e

wsi~mhin }yc~is`ygi wf~h whfmh }oai {is}ob} }~fjj ji~ ~hia}ijpi} ci {y~ o``* ebn }o ~hfbd ~hiv

hepi }ojpin* wf~h e {i~~v wosn! lyggjisv* ~he~ nf``fmyj~ {socjia* e~ ~hi }ojy~fob o` whfmh

mib~ysfi} hepi jecoysin fb pefb* ebn whfmh meb ~hisiòsi }mesmijv ci òybn }o moa{ji~ijv ob

~hi }ysèmi" Fb èm~* fb ~hi uyi}~fob ecoy~ ~hi `siinoa whfmh ay}~ ci ~hi òybne~fob o` ejj

aosej jew} ebn ~hi mob}iuyib~ si}{ob}fcfjf~v* f~ noi} bo~ ae~~is whi~his ~hi {sfbmf{ji} whfmh

bimi}}esfjv ni~isafbi mey}ejf~v cv e {hv}fmej jew si}fni wf~hfb ~hi }yclim~ os wf~hoy~ hfa* os

fb ~hi òsais me}i whi~his ~hi}i {sfbmf{ji} esi fb}~fbm~fpi os esi mobmifpin cv sie}ob* f`* e} f}

enaf~~in cv ~hi}i aib ~hia}ijpi}* ~hi}i ni~isafbfbg fnie} hepi ~hi gsoybn o` ~hifs ixf}~ibmi

fb ~fai ebn fb ~hi eb~iminib~ }~e~i* ebn ~hf} egefb fb eb eb~iminib~* i~m" ^hib f~ ae~~is} bo~

~he~ ~hi}i esi fb~isbej4 f~ ae~~is} bo~ ~he~ ~hiv hepi e {}vmhojogfmej ebn bo~ e aimhebfmejmey}ejf~v* ~he~ f}* {sonymi em~fob} cv aieb} o` fnie} ebn bo~ cv confjv aopiaib~}4 ~hiv esi

}~fjj ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji} o` ~hi mey}ejf~v o` e cifbg who}i ixf}~ibmi f} ni~isafbecji fb

~fai* ebn ~hisiòsi ybnis ~hi bimi}}f~e~fob o` mobnf~fob} o` {e}~ ~fai* whfmh ~hisiòsi* whib

~hi }yclim~ he} ~o em~* esi bo jobgis fb hf} {owis" ^hf} aev fa{jv {}vmhojogfmej `siinoa (f`

wi mhoo}i ~o e{{jv ~hf} ~isa ~o e aisijv fb~isbej mhefb o` fnie} fb ~hi afbn&* cy~ f~ fbpojpi}

{hv}fmej bimi}}f~v ebn* ~hisiòsi* jiepi} bo sooa òs ~seb}mibnib~ej `siinoa* whfmh ay}~ ci

mobmifpin e} fbni{ibnibmi ob ipisv~hfbg ia{fsfmej* ebn* mob}iuyib~jv* ob be~ysi gibisejjv*

whi~his f~ f} eb oclim~ o` ~hi fb~isbej }ib}i mob}fnisin fb ~fai objv* os o` ~hi ix~isbej fb ~fai

ebn }{emi" Wf~hoy~ ~hf} `siinoa (fb ~hi je~~is ebn ~syi }ib}i&* whfmh ejobi f} {sem~fmej e

{sfosf* bo aosej jew ebn bo aosej fa{y~e~fob esi {o}}fcji" Ly}~ òs ~hf} sie}ob ~hi bimi}}f~v o`

ipib~} fb ~fai* emmosnfbg ~o ~hi {hv}fmej jew o` mey}ejf~v* aev ci mejjin ~hi aimhebf}a o`

be~ysi* ej~hoygh wi no bo~ aieb cv ~hf} ~he~ ~hfbg} whfmh esi }yclim~ ~o f~ ay}~ ci siejjv

ae~isfej aemhfbi}" Wi jood hisi objv ~o ~hi bimi}}f~v o` ~hi mobbim~fob o` ipib~} fb e ~fai!

}isfi} e} f~ f} nipijo{in emmosnfbg ~o ~hi {hv}fmej jew* whi~his ~hi }yclim~ fb whfmh ~hf}

nipijo{aib~ ~edi} {jemi f} mejjin ey~oae~ob ae~isfeji whib ~hi aimhebfmej cifbg f} aopin

cv ae~~is* os wf~h Jifcbf~| }{fsf~yeji whib f~ f} fa{ijjin cv fnie}4 ebn f` ~hi `siinoa o` oys

wfjj wisi bo o~his ~heb ~hi je~~is (}ev ~hi {}vmhojogfmej ebn moa{ese~fpi* bo~ ej}o

~seb}mibnib~ej* ~he~ f}* ec}ojy~i&* ~hib f~ woyjn e~ co~~oa ci bo~hfbg ci~~is ~heb ~hi `siinoa

o` e ~ysb}{f~* whfmh* whib obmi f~ f} woybn y{* emmoa{jf}hi} f~} ao~fob} o` f~}ij`"

Bow* fb osnis ~o siaopi fb ~hi }y{{o}in me}i ~hi e{{esib~ mob~senfm~fob ci~wiib `siinoaebn ~hi aimhebf}a o` be~ysi fb obi ebn ~hi }eai em~fob* wi ay}~ siaiacis whe~ we} }efn fb

~hi Msf~fuyi o` [ysi Sie}ob* os whe~ òjjow} ~hisi`soa4 pf|"* ~he~ ~hi bimi}}f~v o` be~ysi*

whfmh mebbo~ mo!ixf}~ wf~h ~hi `siinoa o` ~hi }yclim~* e{{is~efb} objv ~o ~hi e~~sfcy~i} o` ~hi

~hfbg ~he~ f} }yclim~ ~o ~fai!mobnf~fob}* mob}iuyib~jv objv ~o ~ho}i o` ~hi em~fbg }yclim~ e} e

{hiboaibob4 ~he~ ~hisiòsi fb ~hf} si}{im~ ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji} o` ipisv em~fob o` ~hi

}eai si}fni fb whe~ cijobg} ~o {e}~ ~fai ebn f} bo jobgis fb hf} {owis (fb whfmh ay}~ ci

fbmjynin hf} owb {e}~ em~fob} ebn ~hi mhesem~is ~he~ ~hi}i aev ni~isafbi òs hfa fb hf} owb

ivi} e} e {hiboaibob&" Cy~ ~hi pisv }eai }yclim~* cifbg ob ~hi o~his }fni mob}mfoy} o`

hfa}ij` e} e ~hfbg fb hfa}ij`* mob}fnis} hf} ixf}~ibmi ej}o fb }o ès e} f~ f} bo~ }yclim~ ~o ~fai!

mobnf~fob}* ebn sigesn} hfa}ij` e} objv ni~isafbecji cv jew} whfmh hi gfpi} hfa}ij` ~hsoygh

sie}ob4 ebn fb ~hf} hf} ixf}~ibmi bo~hfbg f} eb~iminib~ ~o ~hi ni~isafbe~fob o` hf} wfjj* cy~ipisv em~fob* ebn fb gibisej ipisv aonf`fme~fob o` hf} ixf}~ibmi* pesvfbg emmosnfbg ~o hf}




fb~isbej }ib}i* ipib ~hi whoji }isfi} o` hf} ixf}~ibmi e} e }ib}fcji cifbg f} fb ~hi

mob}mfoy}bi}} o` hf} }y{is}ib}fcji ixf}~ibmi bo~hfbg cy~ ~hi si}yj~* ebn bipis ~o ci sigesnin

e} ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji* o` hf} mey}ejf~v e} e boyaibob" Fb ~hf} pfiw bow ~hi se~fobej

cifbg meb ly}~jv }ev o` ipisv ybjew`yj em~fob ~he~ hi {isòsa}* ~he~ hi moyjn pisv wijj hepi

ji`~ f~ ybnobi4 ej~hoygh e} e{{iesebmi f~ f} }y``fmfib~jv ni~isafbin fb ~hi {e}~* ebn fb ~hf}

si}{im~ f} ec}ojy~ijv bimi}}esv4 òs f~* wf~h ejj ~hi {e}~ whfmh ni~isafbi} f~* cijobg} ~o ~hi obi}fbgji {hiboaibob o` hf} mhesem~is whfmh hi aedi} òs hfa}ij`* fb mob}iuyibmi o` whfmh hi

fa{y~i} ~hi mey}ejf~v o` ~ho}i e{{iesebmi} ~o hfa}ij` e} e mey}i fbni{ibnib~ o` }ib}fcfjf~v"

Wf~h ~hf} egsii {isìm~jv ~hi lynfmfej }ib~ibmi} o` ~he~ wobnis`yj èmyj~v fb y} whfmh wi mejj

mob}mfibmi" E aeb aev y}i e} aymh es~ e} hi jfdi} fb osnis ~o {efb~ ~o hfa}ij` eb ybjew`yj

em~* ~he~ hi siaiacis}* e} eb ybfb~ib~fobej issos* e aisi opis}fgh~* }ymh e} obi meb bipis

ej~ogi~his epofn* ebn ~hisiòsi e} }oai~hfbg fb whfmh hi we} messfin ewev cv ~hi }~siea o`

{hv}fmej bimi}}f~v* ebn ~hy} ~o aedi hfa}ij` oy~ fbbomib~* vi~ hi `fbn} ~he~ ~hi enpome~i who

}{ied} fb hf} èpoys meb cv bo aieb} }fjibmi ~hi emmy}is wf~hfb* f` objv hi f} mob}mfoy} ~he~ e~

~hi ~fai whib hi nfn ~hf} wsobg hi we} fb hf} }ib}i}* ~he~ f}* fb {o}}i}}fob o` hf} `siinoa4

ebn* bipis~hiji}}* hi emmoyb~} òs hf} issos `soa }oai cen hecf~}* whfmh cv gsenyej bigjim~ o` e~~ib~fob hi he} ejjowin ~o gsow y{ob hfa ~o }ymh e nigsii ~he~ hi meb sigesn hf} issos e} f~}

be~ysej mob}iuyibmi* ej~hoygh ~hf} mebbo~ {so~im~ hfa `soa ~hi cjeai ebn si{soemh whfmh hi

me}~} y{ob hfa}ij`" ^hf} f} ej}o ~hi gsoybn o` si{ib~ebmi òs e jobg {e}~ em~fob e~ ipisv

simojjim~fob o` f~4 e {efb`yj ìijfbg {sonymin cv ~hi aosej }ib~faib~* ebn whfmh f} {sem~fmejjv

pofn fb }o ès e} f~ mebbo~ }ispi ~o ybno whe~ he} ciib nobi" (Hibmi [sfi}~jiv* e} e ~syi ebn

mob}f}~ib~ è~ejf}~* nimjesi} f~ ec}ysn* ebn hi ni}ispi} ~o ci moaaibnin òs ~hf} mebnoys aosi

~heb ~ho}i who* whfji ~hiv aefb~efb ~hi aimhebf}a o` ~hi wfjj fb èm~* ebn f~} `siinoa fb

wosn} objv* vi~ wf}h f~ ~o ci ~hoygh~ ~he~ ~hiv fbmjyni f~ fb ~hifs }v}~ia o` moa{soaf}i*

ej~hoygh ~hiv no bo~ ix{jefb ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` }ymh aosej fa{y~e~fob"& Cy~ ~hi {efb f} uyf~i

jigf~fae~i* cimey}i whib ~hi jew o` oys fb~ijjfgfcji T}y{is}ib}fcjiQ ixf}~ibmi (~hi aosej jew&

f} fb uyi}~fob* sie}ob simogbf|i} bo nf}~fbm~fob o` ~fai* ebn objv e}d} whi~his ~hi ipib~

cijobg} ~o ai* e} av em~* ebn ~hib ejwev} aosejjv mobbim~} ~hi }eai ìijfbg wf~h f~* whi~his

f~ he} he{{ibin ly}~ bow os jobg ego" @os fb siìsibmi ~o ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji mob}mfoy}bi}} o`

f~} ixf}~ibmi (f"i"* `siinoa& ~hi jfì o` }ib}i f} cy~ e }fbgji {hiboaibob* whfmh* fbe}aymh e} f~

mob~efb} aisijv aebfì}~e~fob} o` ~hi aib~ej nf}{o}f~fob wf~h sigesn ~o ~hi aosej jew (f"i"* o`

~hi mhesem~is&* ay}~ ci lyngin bo~ emmosnfbg ~o ~hi {hv}fmej bimi}}f~v ~he~ cijobg} ~o f~ e}

{hiboaibob* cy~ emmosnfbg ~o ~hi ec}ojy~i }{ob~ebif~v o` `siinoa" F~ aev ~hisiòsi ci

enaf~~in ~he~* f` f~ wisi {o}}fcji ~o hepi }o {soòybn eb fb}fgh~ fb~o e aeb'} aib~ej mhesem~is

e} }howb cv fb~isbej e} wijj e} ix~isbej em~fob} e} ~o dbow ejj f~} ao~fpi}* ipib ~hi }aejji}~*

ebn jfdiwf}i ejj ~hi ix~isbej omme}fob} ~he~ meb fb`jyibmi ~hia* wi moyjn mejmyje~i e aeb'}

mobnym~ òs ~hi `y~ysi wf~h e} gsie~ mis~efb~v e} e jybes os }ojes imjf{}i4 ebn bipis~hiji}} wiaev aefb~efb ~he~ ~hi aeb f} `sii" Fb èm~* f` wi wisi me{ecji o` e `ys~his gjebmi* beaijv* eb

fb~ijjim~yej fb~yf~fob o` ~hi }eai }yclim~ (whfmh fbniin f} bo~ gseb~in ~o y}* ebn fb}~ien o` f~

wi hepi objv ~hi se~fobej mobmi{~&* ~hib wi }hoyjn {ismifpi ~he~ ~hf} whoji mhefb o`

e{{iesebmi} fb sigesn ~o ejj ~he~ mobmisb} ~hi aosej jew} ni{ibn} ob ~hi }{ob~ebif~v o` ~hi

}yclim~ e} e ~hfbg fb f~}ij`* o` ~hi ni~isafbe~fob o` whfmh bo {hv}fmej ix{jebe~fob meb ci

gfpib" Fb nièyj~ o` ~hf} fb~yf~fob* ~hi aosej jew e}}ysi} y} o` ~hf} nf}~fbm~fob ci~wiib ~hi

sije~fob o` oys em~fob} e} e{{iesebmi ~o oys }ib}fcji be~ysi* ebn ~hi sije~fob o` ~hf} }ib}fcji

be~ysi ~o ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji }yc}~se~ya fb y}" Fb ~hf} pfiw* whfmh f} be~ysej ~o oys sie}ob*

~hoygh fbix{jfmecji* wi meb ej}o ly}~f`v }oai lyngiaib~} whfmh wi {e}}in wf~h ejj

mob}mfib~foy}bi}}* ebn whfmh vi~ e~ `fs}~ }fgh~ }iia uyf~i o{{o}in ~o ejj iuyf~v" ^hisi esi

me}i} fb whfmh aib* ipib wf~h ~hi }eai inyme~fob whfmh he} ciib {so`f~ecji ~o o~his}* vi~}how }ymh iesjv ni{sepf~v* ebn }o mob~fbyi ~o {sogsi}} fb f~ ~o vies} o` aebhoon* ~he~ ~hiv esi




~hoygh~ ~o ci cosb pfjjefb}* ebn ~hifs mhesem~is ej~ogi~his fbme{ecji o` fa{sopiaib~4 ebn

bipis~hiji}} ~hiv esi lyngin òs whe~ ~hiv no os jiepi ybnobi* ~hiv esi si{soemhin òs ~hifs

èyj~} e} gyfj~v4 bev* ~hiv ~hia}ijpi} (~hi mhfjnsib& sigesn ~hi}i si{soemhi} e} wijj òybnin*

ixem~jv e} f` fb }{f~i o` ~hi ho{iji}} be~ysej uyejf~v o` afbn e}msfcin ~o ~hia* ~hiv siaefbin

ly}~ e} si}{ob}fcji e} ebv o~his aeb" ^hf} moyjn bo~ he{{ib f` wi nfn bo~ }y{{o}i ~he~

whe~ipis }{sfbg} `soa e aeb'} mhofmi (e} ipisv em~fob fb~ib~fobejjv {isòsain ybnoyc~injvnoi}& he} e} f~} òybne~fob e `sii mey}ejf~v* whfmh `soa iesjv voy~h ix{si}}i} f~} mhesem~is fb

f~} aebfì}~e~fob} (f"i"* em~fob}&" ^hi}i* ob emmoyb~ o` ~hi ybfòsaf~v o` mobnym~* ixhfcf~ e

be~ysej mobbim~fob* whfmh howipis noi} bo~ aedi ~hi pfmfoy} uyejf~v o` ~hi wfjj bimi}}esv*

cy~ ob ~hi mob~sesv* f} ~hi mob}iuyibmi o` ~hi ipfj {sfbmf{ji} pojyb~esfjv eno{~in ebn

ybmhebgiecji* whfmh objv aedi f~ }o aymh ~hi aosi myj{ecji ebn ni}ispfbg o` {ybf}haib~"

^hisi }~fjj siaefb} e nf``fmyj~v fb ~hi moacfbe~fob o` `siinoa wf~h ~hi aimhebf}a o` be~ysi fb

e cifbg cijobgfbg ~o ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i4 e nf``fmyj~v whfmh* ipib e`~is ejj ~hi òsigofbg f}

enaf~~in* ~hsie~ib} `siinoa wf~h moa{ji~i ni}~sym~fob" Cy~ wf~h ~hf} nebgis ~hisi f} ej}o e

mfsmya}~ebmi ~he~ o`ìs} ho{i o` eb f}}yi }~fjj èpoysecji ~o `siinoa4 beaijv* ~he~ ~hi }eai

nf``fmyj~v {si}}i} aymh aosi }~sobgjv (fb èm~ e} wi }hejj {si}ib~jv }ii* {si}}i} objv& ob ~hi

}v}~ia ~he~ hojn} ~hi ixf}~ibmi ni~isafbecji fb ~fai ebn }{emi ~o ci ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hfbg} fb~hia}ijpi}4 f~ noi} bo~ ~hisiòsi ocjfgi y} ~o gfpi y{ oys me{f~ej }y{{o}f~fob o` ~hi fniejf~v o`

~fai e} e aisi òsa o` }ib}fcji fb~yf~fob* ebn mob}iuyib~jv e} e aisi aebbis o`

si{si}ib~e~fob whfmh f} {so{is ~o ~hi }yclim~ e} cijobgfbg ~o ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i4 ebn ~hisiòsi

f~ objv siuyfsi} ~he~ ~hf} pfiw ci simobmfjin wf~h ~hf} fnie"

^hi nf``fmyj~v f} e} òjjow}< Ipib f` f~ f} enaf~~in ~he~ ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji }yclim~ meb ci `sii

wf~h si}{im~ ~o e gfpib em~fob* ej~hoygh* e} e }yclim~ ej}o cijobgfbg ~o ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i* hi

f} ybnis aimhebfmej mobnf~fob} wf~h si}{im~ ~o ~hi }eai em~fob* }~fjj* e} }oob e} wi ejjow ~he~

Gon e} ybfpis}ej `fs}~ mey}i f} ej}o ~hi mey}i o` ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` }yc}~ebmi (e {so{o}f~fob

whfmh meb bipis ci gfpib y{ wf~hoy~ e~ ~hi }eai ~fai gfpfbg y{ ~hi bo~fob o` Gon e} ~hi

Cifbg o` ejj cifbg}* ebn ~hisiwf~h gfpfbg y{ hf} ejj }y``fmfibmv* ob whfmh ipisv~hfbg fb

~hiojogv ni{ibn}&* f~ }iia} e} f` wi ay}~ enaf~ ~he~ e aeb'} em~fob} hepi ~hifs ni~isafbfbg

{sfbmf{ji fb }oai~hfbg whfmh f} whojjv oy~ o` hf} {owis! beaijv* fb ~hi mey}ejf~v o` e

]y{siai Cifbg nf}~fbm~ `soa hfa}ij` ebn ob whoa hf} owb ixf}~ibmi ebn ~hi whoji

ni~isafbe~fob o` hf} mey}ejf~v esi ec}ojy~ijv ni{ibnib~"

Fb {ofb~ o` èm~* f` e aeb'} em~fob} e} cijobgfbg ~o hf} aonf`fme~fob} fb ~fai wisi bo~ aisijv

aonf`fme~fob} o` hfa e} e{{iesebmi* cy~ e} e ~hfbg fb f~}ij`* `siinoa moyjn bo~ ci }epin" Aeb

woyjn ci e aesfobi~~i os eb ey~oae~ob* jfdi Peymeb}ob'}* {si{esin ebn woybn y{ cv ~hi

]y{siai Es~f}~" ]ij`!mob}mfoy}bi}} woyjn fbniin aedi hfa e ~hfbdfbg ey~oae~ob4 cy~ ~hi

mob}mfoy}bi}} o` hf} owb }{ob~ebif~v woyjn ci aisi nijy}fob f` ~hf} wisi af}~edib òs

`siinoa* ebn f~ woyjn ni}ispi ~hf} beai objv fb e moa{ese~fpi }ib}i* }fbmi* ej~hoygh ~hi {soxfae~i ni~isafbfbg mey}i} o` f~} ao~fob ebn e jobg }isfi} o` ~hifs ni~isafbfbg mey}i} esi

fb~isbej* vi~ ~hi je}~ ebn hfghi}~ f} òybn fb e òsifgb hebn" ^hisiòsi F no bo~ }ii how ~ho}i

who }~fjj fb}f}~ ob sigesnfbg ~fai ebn }{emi e} e~~sfcy~i} cijobgfbg ~o ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hfbg}

fb ~hia}ijpi}* meb epofn enaf~~fbg ~hi è~ejf~v o` em~fob}4 os f` (jfdi ~hi o~hiswf}i emy~i

Aibnij}}ohb& ~hiv ejjow ~hia ~o ci mobnf~fob} bimi}}esfjv cijobgfbg ~o ~hi ixf}~ibmi o`

`fbf~i ebn nisfpin cifbg}* cy~ bo~ ~o ~he~ o` ~hi fb`fbf~i ]y{siai Cifbg* F no bo~ }ii ob whe~

gsoybn ~hiv meb ly}~f`v }ymh e nf}~fbm~fob* os* fbniin* how ~hiv meb epofn ~hi mob~senfm~fob

~he~ aii~} ~hia* whib ~hiv hojn ~he~ ixf}~ibmi fb ~fai f} eb e~~sfcy~i bimi}}esfjv cijobgfbg ~o

`fbf~i ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi}* whisie} Gon f} ~hi mey}i o` ~hf} ixf}~ibmi* cy~ mebbo~ ci ~hi mey}i

o` ~fai (os }{emi& f~}ij` (}fbmi ~hf} ay}~ ci {si}y{{o}in e} e bimi}}esv e {sfosf mobnf~fob o`

~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hfbg}&4 ebn mob}iuyib~jv e} sigesn} ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hi}i ~hfbg}" Hf}mey}ejf~v ay}~ ci }yclim~ ~o mobnf~fob} ebn ipib ~o ~hi mobnf~fob o` ~fai4 ebn ~hf} woyjn




fbipf~ecjv csfbg fb ipisv~hfbg mob~senfm~osv ~o ~hi bo~fob} o` Hf} fb`fbf~v ebn fbni{ibnibmi"

Ob ~hi o~his hebn* f~ f} uyf~i ie}v òs y} ~o nsew ~hi nf}~fbm~fob ci~wiib ~hi e~~sfcy~i o` ~hi

nfpfbi ixf}~ibmi o` cifbg fbni{ibnib~ ob ejj ~fai!mobnf~fob}* ebn ~he~ o` e cifbg o` ~hi wosjn

o` }ib}i* ~hi nf}~fbm~fob cifbg ~he~ ci~wiib ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` e cifbg fb f~}ij` ebn ~he~ o` e ~hfbg

fb e{{iesebmi" Hibmi* f` ~hf} fniejf~v o` ~fai ebn }{emi f} bo~ eno{~in* bo~hfbg siaefb} cy~

]{fbo|f}a* fb whfmh }{emi ebn ~fai esi i}}ib~fej e~~sfcy~i} o` ~hi ]y{siai Cifbg Hfa}ij`*ebn ~hi ~hfbg} ni{ibnib~ ob Hfa (oys}ijpi}* ~hisiòsi* fbmjynin& esi bo~ }yc}~ebmi}* cy~

aisijv emmfnib~} fbhisfbg fb Hfa4 }fbmi* f` ~hi}i ~hfbg} e} Hf} i`ìm~} ixf}~ fb ~fai objv* ~hf}

cifbg ~hi mobnf~fob o` ~hifs ixf}~ibmi fb ~hia}ijpi}* ~hib ~hi em~fob} o` ~hi}i cifbg} ay}~ ci

}fa{jv Hf} em~fob} whfmh Hi {isòsa} fb }oai {jemi ebn ~fai" ^hy}* ]{fbo|f}a* fb }{f~i o`

~hi ec}ysnf~v o` f~} `ybneaib~ej fnie* esgyi} aosi mob}f}~ib~jv ~heb ~hi msie~fob ~hiosv meb*

whib cifbg} e}}yain ~o ci }yc}~ebmi}* ebn cifbg} fb ~hia}ijpi} ixf}~fbg fb ~fai* esi

sigesnin e} i`ìm~} o` e ]y{siai Mey}i* ebn vi~ e} bo~ TcijobgfbgQ ~o Hfa ebn Hf} em~fob* cy~

e} }i{ese~i }yc}~ebmi}"

tCOOD_5zMHE[ÎS_= R{esegse{h 9;q

^hi ecopi!aib~fobin nf``fmyj~v f} si}ojpin csfi`jv ebn mjiesjv e} òjjow}< F` ixf}~ibmi fb ~fai

f} e aisi }ib}fcji aoni o` si{si}ib~e~fob cijobgfbg ~o ~hfbdfbg cifbg} fb ~hi wosjn ebn

mob}iuyib~jv noi} bo~ e{{jv ~o ~hia e} ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi}* ~hib ~hi msie~fob o` ~hi}i cifbg}

f} e msie~fob o` ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi}* }fbmi ~hi bo~fob o` msie~fob noi} bo~ cijobg ~o ~hi

}ib}fcji òsa o` si{si}ib~e~fob o` ixf}~ibmi os ~o mey}ejf~v* cy~ meb objv ci siìssin ~o

boyaibe" Mob}iuyib~jv* whib F }ev o` cifbg} fb ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i ~he~ ~hiv esi msie~in* F }o

ès sigesn ~hia e} boyaibe" E} f~ woyjn ci e mob~senfm~fob* ~hisiòsi* ~o }ev ~he~ Gon f} e

msie~os o` e{{iesebmi}* }o ej}o f~ f} e mob~senfm~fob ~o }ev ~he~ e} msie~os Hi f} ~hi mey}i o`

em~fob} fb ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i* ebn ~hisiòsi e} e{{iesebmi}* ej~hoygh Hi f} ~hi mey}i o` ~hi

ixf}~ibmi o` ~hi em~fbg cifbg} (whfmh esi boyaibe&" F` bow f~ f} {o}}fcji ~o e``fsa `siinoa fb

}{f~i o` ~hi be~ysej aimhebf}a o` em~fob} e} e{{iesebmi} (cv sigesnfbg ixf}~ibmi fb ~fai e}

}oai~hfbg ~he~ cijobg} objv ~o e{{iesebmi}* bo~ ~o ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi}&* ~hib ~hi

mfsmya}~ebmi ~he~ ~hi em~fbg cifbg} esi msie~ysi} mebbo~ aedi ~hi }jfgh~i}~ nf`ìsibmi* }fbmi

msie~fob mobmisb} ~hifs }y{is}ib}fcji ebn bo~ ~hifs }ib}fcji ixf}~ibmi* ebn* ~hisiòsi* mebbo~

ci sigesnin e} ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi e{{iesebmi}" F~ woyjn ci uyf~i nf`ìsib~ f` ~hi

cifbg} fb ~hi wosjn e} ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi} ixf}~in fb ~fai* }fbmi fb ~he~ me}i ~hi msie~os o`

}yc}~ebmi woyjn ci e~ ~hi }eai ~fai ~hi ey~hos o` ~hi whoji aimhebf}a o` ~hf} }yc}~ebmi"

O` }o gsie~ fa{os~ebmi f} ~hi }i{ese~fob o` ~fai (e} wijj e} }{emi& `soa ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hfbg}

fb ~hia}ijpi} whfmh we} i`ìm~in fb ~hi Msf~fuyi o` ~hi [ysi ]{imyje~fpi Sie}ob"

F~ aev ci }efn ~he~ ~hi }ojy~fob hisi {so{o}in fbpojpi} gsie~ nf``fmyj~v fb f~}ij` ebn f} }mesmijv}y}mi{~fcji o` e jymfn ix{o}f~fob" Cy~ f} ebv o~his }ojy~fob ~he~ he} ciib e~~ia{~in* os ~he~

aev ci e~~ia{~in* ie}fis ebn aosi fb~ijjfgfcji? Se~his afgh~ wi }ev ~he~ ~hi nogae~fm

~iemhis} o` ai~e{hv}fm} hepi }howb aosi }hsiwnbi}} ~heb mebnoys fb dii{fbg ~hf} nf``fmyj~

{ofb~ oy~ o` }fgh~ e} aymh e} {o}}fcji* fb ~hi ho{i ~he~ f` ~hiv }efn bo~hfbg ecoy~ f~* {socecjv

bo obi woyjn ~hfbd o` f~" F` }mfibmi f} ~o ci enpebmin* ejj nf``fmyj~fi} ay}~ ci jefn o{ib* ebn

wi ay}~ ipib }iesmh òs ~ho}i ~he~ esi hfnnib* òs ipisv nf``fmyj~v mejj} òs~h e siainv* whfmh

mebbo~ ci nf}mopisin wf~hoy~ }mfibmi gefbfbg if~his fb ix~ib~ os fb ixem~bi}}4 ebn ~hy} ipib

oc}~emji} cimoai aieb} o` fbmsie}fbg ~hi ~hosoyghbi}} o` }mfibmi" Ob ~hi o~his hebn* f` ~hi

nf``fmyj~fi} esi fb~ib~fobejjv mobmiejin* os aisijv siaopin cv {ejjfe~fpi}* ~hib }oobis os je~is

~hiv cys}~ oy~ fb~o fbmysecji af}mhfi`}* whfmh csfbg }mfibmi ~o syfb fb eb ec}ojy~i }mi{~fmf}a"




]fbmi f~ f}* {so{isjv }{iedfbg* ~hi bo~fob o` `siinoa ejobi eaobg}~ ejj ~hi fnie} o` {ysi

}{imyje~fpi sie}ob ~he~ }o gsie~jv ibjesgi} oys dbowjingi fb ~hi }{hisi o` ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji*

~hoygh objv o` oys {sem~fmej dbowjingi* F e}d av}ij` whv f~ ixmjy}fpijv {o}}i}}i} }o gsie~

ìs~fjf~v* whisie} ~hi o~his} objv ni}fgbe~i ~hi pemeb~ }{emi òs {o}}fcji cifbg} o` ~hi {ysi

ybnis}~ebnfbg* cy~ esi ybecji cv ebv aieb} ~o ni`fbi ~hi mobmi{~ o` ~hia" F {si}ib~jv `fbn

~he~ e} F mebbo~ ~hfbd ebv~hfbg wf~hoy~ e me~igosv* F ay}~ `fs}~ jood òs e me~igosv òs ~hise~fobej fnie o` `siinoa wf~h whfmh F ea bow mobmisbin4 ebn ~hf} f} ~hi me~igosv o` mey}ejf~v4

ebn ej~hoygh `siinoa* e mobmi{~ o` ~hi sie}ob* cifbg e ~seb}mibnib~ mobmi{~* mebbo~ hepi ebv

fb~yf~fob mossi}{obnfbg ~o f~* vi~ ~hi mobmi{~ o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg! òs ~hi }vb~hi}f} o` whfmh

~hi òsais niaebn} ~hi ybmobnf~fobin! (beaijv* ~hi mobmi{~ o` mey}ejf~v& ay}~ hepi e

}ib}fcji fb~yf~fob gfpib* cv whfmh `fs}~ f~} oclim~fpi siejf~v f} e}}ysin" Bow* ~hi me~igosfi} esi

ejj nfpfnin fb~o ~wo mje}}i}! ~hi ae~hiae~fmej* whfmh mobmisb ~hi ybf~v o` }vb~hi}f} fb ~hi

mobmi{~fob o` oclim~}* ebn ~hi nvbeafmej* whfmh siìs ~o ~hi ybf~v o` }vb~hi}f} fb ~hi

mobmi{~fob o` ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` oclim~}" ^hi òsais (~ho}i o` aegbf~yni ebn uyejf~v& ejwev}

mob~efb e }vb~hi}f} o` ~hi hoaogibioy}* ebn f~ f} bo~ {o}}fcji ~o `fbn fb ~hf} ~hi ybmobnf~fobin

eb~iminib~ ~o whe~ f} gfpib fb }ib}fcji fb~yf~fob e} mobnf~fobin fb }{emi ebn ~fai* e} ~hf}

woyjn f~}ij` hepi ~o cijobg ~o }{emi ebn ~fai* ebn ~hisiòsi ci egefb }~fjj mobnf~fobin"Whibmi f~ si}yj~in fb ~hi Nfejim~fm o` [ysi ^hiosi~fm Sie}ob ~he~ ~hi o{{o}f~i ai~hon} o`

e~~efbfbg ~hi ybmobnf~fobin ebn ~hi ~o~ejf~v o` ~hi mobnf~fob} wisi co~h wsobg"

^hi me~igosfi} o` ~hi }imobn mje}} (~ho}i o` mey}ejf~v ebn o` ~hi bimi}}f~v o` e ~hfbg& nfn bo~

siuyfsi ~hf} hoaogibif~v (o` ~hi mobnf~fobin ebn ~hi mobnf~fob fb }vb~hi}f}&* }fbmi hisi whe~

wi hepi ~o ix{jefb f} bo~ how ~hi fb~yf~fob f} moa{oybnin `soa e aebfòjn fb f~* cy~ objv how

~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hi mobnf~fobin oclim~ mossi}{obnfbg ~o f~ f} ennin ~o ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hi

mobnf~fob (ennin* beaijv* fb ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg e} mobbim~in ~hisiwf~h&4 ebn fb ~he~ me}i f~

we} ejjowecji ~o }y{{o}i fb ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji wosjn ~hi ybmobnf~fobin eb~iminib~ ~o ~hi

ej~ogi~his mobnf~fobin fb ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i (co~h e} sigesn} ~hi mey}ej mobbim~fob ebn ~hi

mob~fbgib~ ixf}~ibmi o` ~hfbg} ~hia}ijpi}&* ej~hoygh ~hf} ybmobnf~fobin siaefbin

fbni~isafbe~i* ebn ~o aedi ~hi }vb~hi}f} ~seb}mibnib~" Hibmi* f~ we} òybn fb ~hi Nfejim~fm o`

~hi [ysi ]{imyje~fpi Sie}ob ~he~ ~hi ~wo e{{esib~jv o{{o}f~i ai~hon} o` oc~efbfbg òs ~hi

mobnf~fobin ~hi ybmobnf~fobin wisi bo~ siejjv mob~senfm~osv* i"g"* fb ~hi }vb~hi}f} o` mey}ejf~v

~o mobmifpi òs ~hi mobnf~fobin fb ~hi }isfi} o` mey}i} ebn i`ìm~} o` ~hi }ib}fcji wosjn* e

mey}ejf~v whfmh he} bo }ib}fcji mobnf~fob* ebn ~he~ ~hi }eai em~fob whfmh* e} cijobgfbg ~o ~hi

wosjn o` }ib}i* f} ejwev} }ib}fcjv mobnf~fobin* ~he~ f}* aimhebfmejjv bimi}}esv* vi~ e~ ~hi

}eai ~fai aev ci nisfpin `soa e mey}ejf~v bo~ }ib}fcjv mobnf~fobin! cifbg ~hi mey}ejf~v o`

~hi em~fbg cifbg e} cijobgfbg ~o ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji wosjn! ebn aev mob}iuyib~jv ci mobmifpin

e} `sii" Bow* ~hi objv {ofb~ fb uyi}~fob we} ~o mhebgi ~hf} aev ci fb~o f}4 ~he~ f}* ~he~ wi

}hoyjn ci ecji ~o }how fb eb em~yej me}i* e} f~ wisi cv e èm~* ~he~ mis~efb em~fob} fa{jv }ymh e

mey}ejf~v (beaijv* ~hi fb~ijjim~yej* }ib}fcjv ybmobnf~fobin&* whi~his ~hiv esi em~yej os objvmoaaebnin* ~he~ f}* oclim~fpijv bimi}}esv fb e {sem~fmej }ib}i" Wi moyjn bo~ ho{i ~o `fbn ~hf}

mobbim~fob} fb em~fob} em~yejjv gfpib fb ix{isfibmi e} ipib~} o` ~hi }ib}fcji wosjn* }fbmi

mey}ejf~v wf~h `siinoa ay}~ ejwev} ci }oygh~ oy~}fni ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i fb ~hi wosjn o`

fb~ijjfgibmi" Cy~ ~hfbg} o` }ib}i o` }ib}i fb ~hi wosjn o` fb~ijjfgibmi" Cy~ ~hfbg} o` }ib}i esi

~hi objv ~hfbg} o`ìsin ~o oys {ismi{~fob ebn oc}ispe~fob" Hibmi* bo~hfbg siaefbin cy~ ~o `fbn

eb fbmob~i}~ecji oclim~fpi {sfbmf{ji o` mey}ejf~v whfmh ixmjyni} ejj }ib}fcji mobnf~fob}< ~he~

f}* e {sfbmf{ji fb whfmh sie}ob noi} bo~ e{{iej `ys~his ~o }oai~hfbg ij}i e} e ni~isafbfbg

gsoybn o` f~} mey}ejf~v* cy~ mob~efb} ~hf} ni~isafbfbg gsoybn f~}ij` cv aieb} o` ~he~ {sfbmf{ji*

ebn fb whfmh ~hisiòsi f~ f} f~}ij` e} {ysi sie}ob {sem~fmej" Bow* ~hf} {sfbmf{ji hen bo~ ~o ci

}iesmhin òs os nf}mopisin4 f~ hen jobg ciib fb ~hi sie}ob o` ejj aib* ebn fbmos{ose~in fb ~hifs

be~ysi* ebn f} ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` aosejf~v"




^hisiòsi* ~he~ ybmobnf~fobin mey}ejf~v* wf~h ~hi èmyj~v o` f~* beaijv* `siinoa* f} bo jobgis

aisijv fbni`fbf~ijv ebn {socjiae~fmejjv ~hoygh~ (~hf} }{imyje~fpi sie}ob moyjn {sopi ~o ci

ìe}fcji&* cy~ f} ipib e} sigesn} ~hi jew o` f~} mey}ejf~v ni`fbf~ijv ebn e}}is~osfejjv dbowb4 ebn

wf~h f~ ~hi èm~ ~he~ e cifbg (F av}ij`&* cijobgfbg ~o ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i* cijobg} ej}o ~o ~hi

}y{is}ib}fcji wosjn* ~hf} f} ej}o {o}f~fpijv dbowb* ebn ~hy} ~hi siejf~v o` ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji

wosjn f} i}~ecjf}hin ebn fb {sem~fmej si}{im~} ni`fbf~ijv gfpib* ebn ~hf} ni`fbf~ibi}}* whfmh òs ~hiosi~fmej {ys{o}i} woyjn ci ~seb}mibnib~* f} òs {sem~fmej {ys{o}i} faaebib~" Wi moyjn bo~*

howipis* aedi e }fafjes }~i{ e} sigesn} ~hi }imobn nvbeafmej fnie* beaijv* ~he~ o` e

bimi}}esv cifbg" Wi moyjn bo~ sf}i ~o f~ `soa ~hi }ib}fcji wosjn wf~hoy~ ~hi efn o` ~hi `fs}~

nvbeafmej fnie" @os f` wi e~~ia{~in ~o no }o* wi }hoyjn hepi pib~ysin ~o jiepi e~ e coybn ejj

~he~ f} gfpib ~o y}* ebn ~o jie{ ~o ~he~ o` whfmh bo~hfbg f} gfpib y} ~he~ meb hij{ y} ~o i`ìm~

~hi mobbim~fob o` }ymh e }y{is}ib}fcji cifbg wf~h ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i (}fbmi ~hi bimi}}esv

cifbg woyjn hepi ~o ci dbowb e} gfpib oy~}fni oys}ijpi}&" Ob ~hi o~his hebn* f~ f} bow

ocpfoy} ~he~ ~hf} mobbim~fob f} uyf~i {o}}fcji fb sije~fob ~o oys owb }yclim~* fbe}aymh e} F

dbow av}ij` ~o ci ob ~hi obi }fni e} eb fb~ijjfgfcji T}y{is}ib}fcjiQ cifbg ni~isafbin cv ~hi

aosej jew (cv aieb} o` `siinoa&* ebn ob ~hi o~his }fni e} em~fbg fb ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i" F~ f}

~hi mobmi{~ o` `siinoa ejobi ~he~ ibecji} y} ~o `fbn ~hi ybmobnf~fobin ebn fb~ijjfgfcji òs ~himobnf~fobin ebn }ib}fcji wf~hoy~ gofbg oy~ o` oys}ijpi}" @os f~ f} oys owb sie}ob ~he~ cv

aieb} o` ~hi }y{siai ebn ybmobnf~fobej {sem~fmej jew dbow} ~he~ f~}ij` ebn ~hi cifbg ~he~ f}

mob}mfoy} o` ~hf} jew (oys owb {is}ob& cijobg ~o ~hi {ysi wosjn o` ybnis}~ebnfbg* ebn

aosiopis ni`fbi} ~hi aebbis fb whfmh* e} }ymh* f~ meb ci em~fpi" Fb ~hf} wev f~ meb ci

ybnis}~oon whv fb ~hi whoji èmyj~v o` sie}ob f~ f} ~hi {sem~fmej sie}ob objv ~he~ meb hij{ y}

~o {e}} civobn ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i ebn gfpi y} dbowjingi o` e }y{is}ib}fcji osnis ebn

mobbim~fob* whfmh* howipis* òs ~hf} pisv sie}ob mebbo~ ci ix~ibnin `ys~his ~heb f} bimi}}esv

òs {ysi {sem~fmej {ys{o}i}"

Ji~ ai ci {isaf~~in ob ~hf} omme}fob ~o aedi obi aosi siaesd* beaijv* ~he~ ipisv }~i{ ~he~

wi aedi wf~h {ysi sie}ob* ipib fb ~hi {sem~fmej }{hisi whisi bo e~~ib~fob f} {efn ~o }yc~ji

}{imyje~fob* bipis~hiji}} emmosn} wf~h ejj ~hi ae~isfej {ofb~} o` ~hi Msf~fuyi o` ~hi ^hiosi~fmej

Sie}ob e} mjo}ijv ebn nfsim~jv e} f` iemh }~i{ hen ciib ~hoygh~ oy~ wf~h nijfcise~i {ys{o}i ~o

i}~ecjf}h ~hf} mob`fsae~fob" ]ymh e ~hosoygh egsiiaib~* whojjv yb}oygh~ òs ebn uyf~i

ocpfoy} (e} ebvobi meb mobpfbmi hfa}ij`* f` hi wfjj objv messv aosej fbuyfsfi} y{ ~o ~hifs

{sfbmf{ji}&* ci~wiib ~hi ao}~ fa{os~eb~ {so{o}f~fob o` {sem~fmej sie}ob ebn ~hi o`~ib

}iiafbgjv ~oo }yc~ji ebn biinji}} siaesd} o` ~hi Msf~fuyi o` ~hi ]{imyje~fpi Sie}ob*

omme}fob} }ys{sf}i ebn e}~obf}haib~* ebn mob`fsa} ~hi aexfa ejsienv simogbf|in ebn {sef}in

cv o~his}* beaijv* ~he~ fb ipisv }mfib~f`fm fbuyfsv wi }hoyjn {ys}yi oys wev }~ienfjv wf~h ejj

{o}}fcji ixem~bi}} ebn `sebdbi}}* wf~hoy~ mesfbg òs ebv oclim~fob} ~he~ aev ci sef}in `soa

oy~}fni f~} }{hisi* cy~* e} ès e} wi meb* ~o messv oy~ oys fbuyfsv ~sy~h`yjjv ebn moa{ji~ijv cvf~}ij`" @siuyib~ oc}ispe~fob he} mobpfbmin ai ~he~* whib }ymh si}iesmhi} esi mobmjynin* ~he~

whfmh fb obi {es~ o` ~hia e{{iesin ~o ai pisv uyi}~fobecji* mob}fnisin fb sije~fob ~o o~his

ix~sebioy} nom~sfbi}* whib F ji`~ ~hf} noyc~`yjbi}} oy~ o` }fgh~ òs e ~fai ebn objv e~~ibnin ~o

~hi cy}fbi}} fb hebn yb~fj f~ we} moa{ji~in* e~ je}~ we} ybix{im~injv òybn ~o egsii {isìm~jv

wf~h whe~ hen ciib nf}mopisin }i{ese~ijv wf~hoy~ ~hi jie}~ sigesn ~o ~ho}i nom~sfbi}* ebn

wf~hoy~ ebv {es~fejf~v os {silynfmi òs ~hia" Ey~hos} woyjn }epi ~hia}ijpi} aebv issos} ebn

aymh jecoys jo}~ (cimey}i }{ib~ ob e nijy}fob& f` ~hiv moyjn objv si}ojpi ~o go ~o wosd wf~h

aosi `sebdbi}}"




COOD_3zMHE[ÎS_5

COOD FF

Nfejim~fm o` [ysi [sem~fmej Sie}ob

MHE[ÎS F

O` e Nfejim~fm o` [ysi [sem~fmej Sie}ob Gibisejjv

[ysi sie}ob ejwev} he} f~} nfeji~fm* whi~his f~ f} mob}fnisin fb f~} }{imyje~fpi os f~} {sem~fmej

ia{jovaib~4 òs f~ siuyfsi} ~hi ec}ojy~i ~o~ejf~v o` ~hi 'mobnf~fob} o` whe~ f} gfpib

mobnf~fobin* ebn ~hf} meb objv ci òybn fb ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi}" Cy~ e} ejj mobmi{~fob} o`

~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi} ay}~ ci siìssin ~o fb~yf~fob}* ebn wf~h y} aib ~hi}i meb bipis ci o~his

~heb }ib}fcji ebn hibmi meb bipis ibecji y} ~o dbow oclim~} e} ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi} cy~ objve} e{{iesebmi}* ebn }fbmi ~hi ybmobnf~fobin meb bipis ci òybn fb ~hf} mhefb o` e{{iesebmi}

whfmh mob}f}~} objv o` mobnf~fobin ebn mobnf~fob}4 ~hy} `soa e{{jvfbg ~hf} se~fobej fnie o` ~hi

~o~ejf~v o` ~hi mobnf~fob} (fb o~his wosn} o` ~hi ybmobnf~fobin& ~o e{{iesebmi}* ~hisi esf}i} eb

fbipf~ecji fjjy}fob* e} f` ~hi}i je~~is wisi ~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi} (òs fb ~hi ec}ibmi o` e wesbfbg

msf~fuyi ~hiv esi ejwev} sigesnin e} }ymh&" ^hf} fjjy}fob woyjn bipis ci bo~fmin e} nijy}fpi f`

f~ nfn bo~ ci~sev f~}ij` cv e mob`jfm~ o` sie}ob wf~h f~}ij`* whib f~ e{{jfi} ~o e{{iesebmi} f~}

`ybneaib~ej {sfbmf{ji o` {si}y{{o}fbg ~hi ybmobnf~fobin ~o ipisv~hfbg mobnf~fobin" Cv ~hf}*

howipis* sie}ob f} moa{ijjin ~o ~semi ~hf} fjjy}fob ~o f~} }oysmi* ebn }iesmh how f~ meb ci

siaopin* ebn ~hf} meb objv ci nobi cv e moa{ji~i msf~fmej ixeafbe~fob o` ~hi whoji {ysi

èmyj~v o` sie}ob4 }o ~he~ ~hi eb~fboav o` ~hi {ysi sie}ob whfmh f} aebfì}~ fb f~} nfejim~fm f}

fb èm~ ~hi ao}~ cibi`fmfej issos fb~o whfmh hyaeb sie}ob moyjn ipis hepi èjjib* }fbmi f~ e~je}~ nsfpi} y} ~o }iesmh òs ~hi div ~o i}me{i `soa ~hf} jecvsfb~h4 ebn whib ~hf} div f} òybn* f~

`ys~his nf}mopis} ~he~ whfmh wi nfn bo~ }iid cy~ vi~ hen biin o`* beaijv* e pfiw fb~o e hfghis

ebn eb faay~ecji osnis o` ~hfbg}* fb whfmh wi ipib bow esi* ebn fb whfmh wi esi ~hisicv

ibecjin cv ni`fbf~i {simi{~} ~o mob~fbyi ~o jfpi emmosnfbg ~o ~hi hfghi}~ nfm~e~i} o` sie}ob"

F~ aev ci }iib fb ni~efj fb ~hi Msf~fuyi o` [ysi Sie}ob how fb f~} }{imyje~fpi ia{jovaib~ ~hf}

be~ysej nfejim~fm f} ~o ci }ojpin* ebn how ~hi issos whfmh esf}i} `soa e pisv be~ysej fjjy}fob

aev ci gyesnin egefb}~" Cy~ sie}ob fb f~} {sem~fmej y}i f} bo~ e whf~ ci~~is o``"

E} {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob* f~ jfdiwf}i }iid} ~o `fbn ~hi ybmobnf~fobin òs ~hi {sem~fmejjv

mobnf~fobin (whfmh si}~} ob fbmjfbe~fob} ebn be~ysej web~}&* ebn ~hf} f} bo~ e} ~hi ni~isafbfbg

{sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj* cy~ ipib whib ~hf} f} gfpib (fb ~hi aosej jew& f~ }iid} ~hi ybmobnf~fobin

~o~ejf~v o` ~hi oclim~ o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob ybnis ~hi beai o` ~hi }yaaya cobya"




e} ~hiv nfn bo~ ejjow pfs~yi ebn he{{fbi}} ~o ci sigesnin e} ~wo nf}~fbm~ ijiaib~} o` ~hi

}yaaya cobya* ebn mob}iuyib~jv }oygh~ ~hi ybf~v o` ~hi {sfbmf{ji cv ~hi syji o` fnib~f~v4 cy~

~hiv nf`ìsin e} ~o whfmh o` ~hi ~wo we} ~o ci ~edib e} ~hi `ybneaib~ej bo~fob" ^hi I{fmysieb

}efn< #ô ci mob}mfoy} ~he~ obi'} aexfa} jien ~o he{{fbi}} f} pfs~yi#4 ~hi ]~ofm }efn< #ô ci

mob}mfoy} o` obi'} pfs~yi f} he{{fbi}}"# Wf~h ~hi òsais* [synibmi we} iuyfpejib~ ~o aosejf~v4

wf~h ~hi je~~is* who mho}i e hfghis ni}fgbe~fob òs pfs~yi* aosejf~v ejobi we} ~syi wf}noa"

Whfji wi ay}~ enafsi ~hi aib who fb }ymh iesjv ~fai} ~sfin ejj faegfbecji wev} o`

ix~ibnfbg ~hi noaefb o` {hfjo}o{hv* wi ay}~ e~ ~hi }eai ~fai jeaib~ ~he~ ~hifs emy~ibi}} we}

ybòs~ybe~ijv af}e{{jfin fb ~svfbg ~o ~semi oy~ fnib~f~v ci~wiib ~wo ix~siaijv hi~isogibioy}

bo~fob}* ~ho}i o` he{{fbi}} ebn pfs~yi" Cy~ f~ egsii} wf~h ~hi nfejim~fmej }{fsf~ o` ~hifs ~fai}

(ebn }yc~ji afbn} esi ipib bow }oai~fai} af}jin fb ~hi }eai wev& ~o gi~ sfn o` simobmfjecji

nf`ìsibmi} fb {sfbmf{ji cv }iidfbg ~o mhebgi ~hia fb~o e aisi mob~i}~ ecoy~ wosn}* ebn ~hy}

e{{esib~jv wosdfbg oy~ ~hi fnib~f~v o` ~hi bo~fob ybnis nf`ìsib~ beai}* ebn ~hf} y}yejjv

ommys} fb me}i} whisi ~hi moacfbe~fob o` hi~isogibioy} {sfbmf{ji} jfi} }o nii{ os }o hfgh* os

woyjn siuyfsi }o moa{ji~i e ~seb}òsae~fob o` ~hi nom~sfbi} e}}yain fb ~hi si}~ o` ~hi

{hfjo}o{hfmej }v}~ia* ~he~ aib esi e`sefn ~o {ibi~se~i nii{jv fb~o ~hi siej nf`ìsibmi ebn {siìs ~sie~fbg f~ e} e nf`ìsibmi fb uyi}~fob} o` òsa"


Whfji co~h }mhooj} }oygh~ ~o ~semi oy~ ~hi fnib~f~v o` ~hi {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji} o` pfs~yi ebn

he{{fbi}}* ~hiv wisi bo~ egsiin e} ~o ~hi wev fb whfmh ~hiv ~sfin ~o òsmi ~hf} fnib~f~v* cy~

wisi }i{ese~in fb`fbf~ijv `soa obi ebo~his* ~hi obi {jemfbg f~} {sfbmf{ji ob ~hi }fni o` }ib}i*

~hi o~his ob ~he~ o` sie}ob4 ~hi obi fb ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` }ib}fcji web~}* ~hi o~his fb ~hi

fbni{ibnibmi o` {sem~fmej sie}ob ob ejj }ib}fcji gsoybn} o` ni~isafbe~fob" Emmosnfbg ~o ~hi

I{fmysieb* ~hi bo~fob o` pfs~yi we} ejsienv fbpojpin fb ~hi aexfa< #ô {soao~i obi'} owb

he{{fbi}}#4 emmosnfbg ~o ~hi ]~ofm}* ob ~hi o~his hebn* ~hi ìijfbg o` he{{fbi}} we} ejsienv

mob~efbin fb ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` pfs~yi" Bow whe~ipis f} mob~efbin fb ebo~his bo~fob f}

fnib~fmej wf~h {es~ o` ~hi mob~efbfbg bo~fob* cy~ bo~ wf~h ~hi whoji* ebn aosiopis ~wo whoji}

aev ci }{imf`fmejjv nf}~fbm~* ej~hoygh ~hiv mob}f}~ o` ~hi }eai {es~}4 beaijv f` ~hi {es~} esi

ybf~in fb~o e whoji fb ~o~ejjv nf`ìsib~ wev}" ^hi ]~ofm aefb~efbin ~he~ ~hi pfs~yi we} ~hi

whoji }yaaya cobya* ebn he{{fbi}} objv ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` {o}}i}}fbg f~* e} aedfbg {es~

o` ~hi }~e~i o` ~hi }yclim~" ^hi I{fmysieb aefb~efbin ~he~ he{{fbi}} we} ~hi whoji }yaaya

cobya* ebn pfs~yi objv ~hi òsa o` ~hi aexfa òs f~} {ys}yf~4 pf|"* ~hi se~fobej y}i o` ~hi

aieb} òs e~~efbfbg f~"

Bow f~ f} mjies `soa ~hi Ebejv~fm ~he~ ~hi aexfa} o` pfs~yi ebn ~ho}i o` {sfpe~i he{{fbi}} esiuyf~i hi~isogibioy} e} ~o ~hifs }y{siai {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji* ebn* ej~hoygh ~hiv cijobg ~o obi

}yaaya cobya whfmh ~ogi~his ~hiv aedi {o}}fcji* vi~ ~hiv esi }o ès `soa mofbmfnfbg ~he~

~hiv si}~sfm~ ebn mhimd obi ebo~his pisv aymh fb ~hi }eai }yclim~" ^hy} ~hi uyi}~fob< #How f}

~hi }yaaya cobya {sem~fmejjv {o}}fcji?# }~fjj siaefb} eb yb}ojpin {socjia* bo~wf~h}~ebnfbg

ejj ~hi e~~ia{~} e~ moejf~fob ~he~ hepi hf~his~o ciib aeni" ^hi Ebejv~fm he}* howipis* }howb

whe~ f~ f} ~he~ aedi} ~hi {socjia nf``fmyj~ ~o }ojpi4 beaijv* ~he~ he{{fbi}} ebn aosejf~v esi

~wo }{imf`fmejjv nf}~fbm~ ijiaib~} o` ~hi }yaaya cobya ebn* ~hisiòsi* ~hifs moacfbe~fob

mebbo~ ci ebejv~fmejjv mogbf}in (e} f` ~hi aeb ~he~ }iid} hf} owb he{{fbi}} }hoyjn `fbn cv

aisi ebejv}f} o` hf} mobmi{~fob ~he~ fb }o em~fbg hi f} pfs~yoy}* os e} f` ~hi aeb ~he~ òjjow}

pfs~yi }hoyjn fb ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` }ymh mobnym~ `fbn ~he~ hi f} ejsienv he{{v f{}o èm~o&*

cy~ ay}~ ci e }vb~hi}f} o` mobmi{~}" Bow }fbmi ~hf} moacfbe~fob f} simogbf}in e} e {sfosf* ebn~hisiòsi e} {sem~fmejjv bimi}}esv* ebn mob}iuyib~jv bo~ e} nisfpin `soa ix{isfibmi* }o ~he~




~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi }yaaya cobya noi} bo~ si}~ ob ebv ia{fsfmej {sfbmf{ji* f~ òjjow} ~he~

~hi ninym~fob Tjigf~fae~fobQ o` ~hf} mobmi{~ ay}~ ci ~seb}mibnib~ej" F~ f} e {sfosf (aosejjv&

bimi}}esv ~o {sonymi ~hi }yaaya cobya cv `siinoa o` wfjj< ~hisiòsi ~hi mobnf~fob o` f~}

{o}}fcfjf~v ay}~ si}~ }ojijv ob e {sfosf {sfbmf{ji} o` mogbf~fob"


F" ^hi Eb~fboav o` [sem~fmej Sie}ob

Fb ~hi }yaaya cobya whfmh f} {sem~fmej òs y}* f"i"* ~o ci siejf|in cv oys wfjj* pfs~yi ebn

he{{fbi}} esi ~hoygh~ e} bimi}}esfjv moacfbin* }o ~he~ ~hi obi mebbo~ ci e}}yain cv {ysi

{sem~fmej sie}ob wf~hoy~ ~hi o~his ej}o cifbg e~~emhin ~o f~" Bow ~hf} moacfbe~fob (jfdi ipisv

o~his& f} if~his ebejv~fmej os }vb~hi~fmej" F~ he} ciib }howb ~he~ f~ mebbo~ ci ebejv~fmej4 f~ ay}~

~hib ci }vb~hi~fmej ebn* aosi {es~fmyjesjv* ay}~ ci mobmifpin e} ~hi mobbim~fob o` mey}i ebn

i`ìm~* }fbmi f~ mobmisb} e {sem~fmej goon* f"i"* obi ~he~ f} {o}}fcji cv aieb} o` em~fob4

mob}iuyib~jv if~his ~hi ni}fsi o` he{{fbi}} ay}~ ci ~hi ao~fpi ~o aexfa} o` pfs~yi* os ~hi

aexfa o` pfs~yi ay}~ ci ~hi i``fmfib~ mey}i o` he{{fbi}}" ^hi `fs}~ f} ec}ojy~ijv fa{o}}fcji*

cimey}i (e} we} {sopin fb ~hi Ebejv~fm& aexfa} whfmh {jemi ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi

wfjj fb ~hi ni}fsi o` {is}obej he{{fbi}} esi bo~ aosej e~ ejj* ebn bo pfs~yi meb ci òybnin ob

~hia" Cy~ ~hi }imobn f} ej}o fa{o}}fcji* cimey}i ~hi {sem~fmej mobbim~fob o` mey}i} ebn

i`ìm~} fb ~hi wosjn* e} ~hi si}yj~ o` ~hi ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj* noi} bo~ ni{ibn y{ob ~hi

aosej nf}{o}f~fob} o` ~hi wfjj* cy~ ob ~hi dbowjingi o` ~hi jew} o` be~ysi ebn ~hi {hv}fmej

{owis ~o y}i ~hia òs obi'} {ys{o}i}4 mob}iuyib~jv wi mebbo~ ix{im~ fb ~hi wosjn cv ~hi

ao}~ {ybm~fjfoy} oc}ispebmi o` ~hi aosej jew} ebv bimi}}esv mobbim~fob o` he{{fbi}} wf~h

pfs~yi eniuye~i ~o ~hi }yaaya cobya" Bow* e} ~hi {soao~fob o` ~hf} }yaaya cobya* ~himobmi{~fob o` whfmh mob~efb} ~hf} mobbim~fob* f} e {sfosf e bimi}}esv oclim~ o` oys wfjj ebn

fb}i{esecjv e~~emhin ~o ~hi aosej jew* ~hi fa{o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi òsais ay}~ {sopi ~hi èj}f~v o`

~hi je~~is" F` ~hib ~hi }y{siai goon f} bo~ {o}}fcji cv {sem~fmej syji}* ~hib ~hi aosej jew ej}o

whfmh moaaebn} y} ~o {soao~i f~ f} nfsim~in ~o pefb faegfbesv ibn} ebn ay}~ mob}iuyib~jv

ci èj}i"

FF" Msf~fmej ]ojy~fob o` ~hi Eb~fboav o` [sem~fmej Sie}ob

^hi eb~fboav o` {ysi }{imyje~fpi sie}ob ixhfcf~} e }fafjes mob`jfm~ ci~wiib `siinoa ebn

{hv}fmej bimi}}f~v fb ~hi mey}ejf~v o` ipib~} fb ~hi wosjn" F~ we} }ojpin cv }howfbg ~he~ ~hisif} bo siej mob~senfm~fob whib ~hi ipib~} ebn ipib ~hi wosjn fb whfmh ~hiv ommys esi sigesnin

(e} ~hiv oygh~ ~o ci& aisijv e} e{{iesebmi}4 }fbmi obi ebn ~hi }eai em~fbg cifbg* e} eb

e{{iesebmi (ipib ~o hf} owb fbbis }ib}i&* he} e mey}ejf~v fb ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i ~he~ ejwev}

mobòsa} ~o ~hi aimhebf}a o` be~ysi* cy~ wf~h si}{im~ ~o ~hi }eai ipib~}* }o ès e} ~hi em~fbg

{is}ob sigesn} hfa}ij` e~ ~hi }eai ~fai e} e boyaibob (e} {ysi fb~ijjfgibmi fb eb ixf}~ibmi

bo~ ni{ibnib~ ob ~hi mobnf~fob o` ~fai&* hi meb mob~efb e {sfbmf{ji cv whfmh ~he~ mey}ejf~v

em~fbg emmosnfbg ~o jew} o` be~ysi f} ni~isafbin* cy~ whfmh f} f~}ij` `sii `soa ejj jew} o`

be~ysi"





F~ f} ly}~ ~hi }eai wf~h ~hi òsigofbg eb~fboav o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob" ^hi `fs}~ o` ~hi ~wo

{so{o}f~fob}* #^he~ ~hi ibniepoys e`~is he{{fbi}} {sonymi} e pfs~yoy} afbn*# f} ec}ojy~ijv

èj}i4 cy~ ~hi }imobn* #^he~ e pfs~yoy} afbn bimi}}esfjv {sonymi} he{{fbi}}*# f} bo~ ec}ojy~ijv

èj}i* cy~ objv fb }o ès e} pfs~yi f} mob}fnisin e} e òsa o` mey}ejf~v fb ~hi }ib}fcji wosjn* ebn

mob}iuyib~jv objv f` F }y{{o}i ixf}~ibmi fb f~ ~o ci ~hi objv }os~ o` ixf}~ibmi o` e se~fobej

cifbg4 f~ f} ~hib objv mobnf~fobejjv èj}i" Cy~ e} F ea bo~ objv ly}~f`fin fb ~hfbdfbg ~he~ F ixf}~ej}o e} e boyaibob fb e wosjn o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg* cy~ ipib hepi fb ~hi aosej jew e {ysijv

fb~ijjim~yej ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` av mey}ejf~v (fb ~hi }ib}fcji wosjn&* f~ f} bo~ fa{o}}fcji

~he~ aosejf~v o` afbn }hoyjn hepi e mobbim~fob e} mey}i wf~h he{{fbi}} (e} eb i`ìm~ fb ~hi

}ib}fcji wosjn& f` bo~ faainfe~i vi~ ainfe~i (pf|"* ~hsoygh eb fb~ijjfgib~ ey~hos o` be~ysi&*

ebn aosiopis bimi}}esv4 whfji fb e }v}~ia o` be~ysi whfmh f} aisijv eb oclim~ o` ~hi }ib}i}*

~hf} moacfbe~fob moyjn bipis ommys ixmi{~ mob~fbgib~jv ebn* ~hisiòsi* moyjn bo~ }y``fmi òs

~hi }yaaya cobya"

^hy}* bo~wf~h}~ebnfbg ~hf} }iiafbg mob`jfm~ o` {sem~fmej sie}ob wf~h f~}ij`* ~hi }yaayacobya* whfmh f} ~hi bimi}}esv }y{siai ibn o` e wfjj aosejjv ni~isafbin* f} e ~syi oclim~

~hisio`4 òs f~ f} {sem~fmejjv {o}}fcji* ebn ~hi aexfa} o` ~hi wfjj whfmh e} sigesn} ~hifs ae~~is siìs ~o f~ hepi oclim~fpi siejf~v* whfmh e~ `fs}~ we} ~hsie~ibin cv ~hi eb~fboav ~he~ e{{iesin

fb ~hi mobbim~fob o` aosejf~v wf~h he{{fbi}} cv e gibisej jew4 cy~ ~hf} we} aisijv `soa e

af}mobmi{~fob* cimey}i ~hi sije~fob ci~wiib e{{iesebmi} we} ~edib òs e sije~fob o` ~hi

~hfbg} fb ~hia}ijpi} ~o ~hi}i e{{iesebmi}"

Whib wi `fbn oys}ijpi} ocjfgin ~o go }o ès* beaijv* ~o ~hi mobbim~fob wf~h eb fb~ijjfgfcji

wosjn* ~o `fbn ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi }yaaya cobya* whfmh sie}ob {ofb~} oy~ ~o ejj se~fobej

cifbg} e} ~hi goej o` ejj ~hifs aosej wf}hi}* f~ ay}~ }iia }~sebgi ~he~* bipis~hiji}}* ~hi

{hfjo}o{his} co~h o` ebmfib~ ebn aonisb ~fai} hepi ciib ecji ~o `fbn he{{fbi}} fb emmyse~i

{so{os~fob ~o pfs~yi ipib fb ~hf} jfì (fb ~hi }ib}fcji wosjn&* os hepi {is}yenin ~hia}ijpi} ~he~

~hiv wisi mob}mfoy} ~hisio`" @os I{fmysy} e} wijj e} ~hi ]~ofm} ix~ojjin ecopi ipisv~hfbg ~hi

he{{fbi}} ~he~ }{sfbg} `soa ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` jfpfbg pfs~yoy}jv4 ebn ~hi òsais we} bo~ }o

ce}i fb hf} {sem~fmej {simi{~} e} obi afgh~ fbìs `soa ~hi {sfbmf{ji} o` hf} ~hiosv* whfmh hi

y}in òs ix{jebe~fob ebn bo~ òs em~fob* os e} ~hiv wisi fb~is{si~in cv aebv who wisi af}jin

cv hf} y}fbg ~hi ~isa {jie}ysi òs mob~ib~aib~4 ob ~hi mob~sesv* hi simdobin ~hi ao}~

nf}fb~isi}~in {sem~fmi o` goon eaobg}~ ~hi wev} o` iblovfbg ~hi ao}~ fb~fae~i nijfgh~* ebn hf}

}mhiai o` {jie}ysi (cv whfmh hi aieb~ mob}~eb~ mhiis`yjbi}} o` afbn& fbmjynin ~hi onise~fob

ebn mob~soj o` ~hi fbmjfbe~fob}* }ymh e} ~hi }~sfm~i}~ aosej {hfjo}o{his afgh~ siuyfsi" Hi

nf`ìsin `soa ~hi ]~ofm} mhfi`jv fb aedfbg ~hf} {jie}ysi ~hi ao~fpi* whfmh ~hiv pisv sfgh~jv

si`y}in ~o no" @os* ob ~hi obi hebn* ~hi pfs~yoy} I{fmysy}* jfdi aebv wijj!fb~ib~fobin aib o`

~hf} nev who no bo~ si`jim~ nii{jv iboygh ob ~hifs {sfbmf{ji}* ìjj fb~o ~hi issos o` {si}y{{o}fbg ~hi pfs~yoy} nf}{o}f~fob fb ~hi {is}ob} òs whoa hi wf}hin ~o {sopfni ~hi

}{sfbg} ~o pfs~yi (ebn fbniin ~hi y{sfgh~ aeb mebbo~ ci he{{v f` hi f} bo~ `fs}~ mob}mfoy} o`

hf} y{sfgh~bi}}4 }fbmi wf~h }ymh e mhesem~is ~hi si{soemh ~he~ hf} hecf~ o` ~hoygh~ woyjn

ocjfgi hfa ~o aedi egefb}~ hfa}ij` fb me}i o` ~seb}gsi}}fob ebn hf} aosej }ij`!mobniabe~fob

woyjn soc hfa o` ejj iblovaib~ o` ~hi {jie}eb~bi}} whfmh hf} mobnf~fob afgh~ o~hiswf}i

mob~efb&" Cy~ ~hi uyi}~fob f}< How f} }ymh e nf}{o}f~fob {o}}fcji fb ~hi `fs}~ fb}~ebmi* ebn }ymh

e hecf~ o` ~hoygh~ fb i}~fae~fbg ~hi wos~h o` obi'} ixf}~ibmi* }fbmi {sfos ~o f~ ~hisi meb ci fb

~hi }yclim~ bo ìijfbg e~ ejj òs aosej wos~h? F` e aeb f} pfs~yoy} wf~hoy~ cifbg mob}mfoy} o`

hf} fb~igsf~v fb ipisv em~fob* hi wfjj mis~efbjv bo~ iblov jfì* howipis èpoysecji òs~ybi aev

ci ~o hfa fb f~} {hv}fmej mfsmya}~ebmi}4 cy~ meb wi aedi hfa pfs~yoy} fb ~hi `fs}~ fb}~ebmi* fb

o~his wosn}* ciòsi hi i}~iia} ~hi aosej wos~h o` hf} ixf}~ibmi }o hfghjv* cv {sef}fbg ~o hfa




~hi {iemi o` afbn ~he~ woyjn si}yj~ `soa ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` eb fb~igsf~v òs whfmh hi he} bo

}ib}i?

Ob ~hi o~his hebn* howipis* ~hisi f} hisi eb omme}fob o` e pf~fya }ycsi{~fobf}* ebn e} f~ wisi

o` eb o{~fmej fjjy}fob* fb ~hi }ij`!mob}mfoy}bi}} o` whe~ obi noi} e} nf}~fbgyf}hin `soa whe~

obi ìij}! eb fjjy}fob whfmh ipib ~hi ao}~ ix{isfibmin mebbo~ ej~ogi~his epofn" ^hi aosejnf}{o}f~fob o` afbn f} bimi}}esfjv moacfbin wf~h e mob}mfoy}bi}} ~he~ ~hi wfjj f} ni~isafbin

nfsim~jv cv ~hi jew" Bow ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` e ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi f}

ejwev} ~hi }oysmi o` e }e~f}èm~fob fb ~hi si}yj~fbg em~fob4 cy~ ~hf} {jie}ysi* ~hf} }e~f}èm~fob fb

obi}ij`* f} bo~ ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi em~fob4 ob ~hi mob~sesv* ~hi ni~isafbe~fob o`

~hi wfjj nfsim~jv cv sie}ob f} ~hi }oysmi o` ~hi ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi* ebn ~hf} siaefb} e {ysi

{sem~fmej bo~ }ib}fcji ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi èmyj~v o` ni}fsi" Bow e} ~hf} ni~isafbe~fob he}

ixem~jv ~hi }eai i`ìm~ wf~hfb fb fa{ijjfbg ~o em~fpf~v* ~he~ e ìijfbg o` ~hi {jie}ysi ~o ci

ix{im~in `soa ~hi ni}fsin em~fob woyjn hepi hen* wi ie}fjv jood ob whe~ wi oys}ijpi} no e}

}oai~hfbg whfmh wi aisijv {e}}fpijv ìij* ebn ~edi ~hi aosej }{sfbg òs e }ib}fcji fa{yj}i*

ly}~ e} f~ he{{ib} fb ~hi }o!mejjin fjjy}fob o` ~hi }ib}i} (fb ~hf} me}i ~hi fbbis }ib}i&" F~ f} e

}ycjfai ~hfbg fb hyaeb be~ysi ~o ci ni~isafbin ~o em~fob} faainfe~ijv cv e {ysijv se~fobejjew4 }ycjfai ipib f} ~hi fjjy}fob ~he~ sigesn} ~hi }yclim~fpi }fni o` ~hf} me{emf~v o` fb~ijjim~yej

ni~isafbe~fob e} }oai~hfbg }ib}fcji ebn ~hi i`ìm~ o` e }{imfej }ib}fcji ìijfbg (òs eb

fb~ijjim~yej ìijfbg woyjn ci e mob~senfm~fob&" F~ f} ej}o o` gsie~ fa{os~ebmi ~o e~~ibn ~o ~hf}

{so{is~v o` oys {is}obejf~v ebn e} aymh e} {o}}fcji ~o myj~fpe~i ~hi i`ìm~ o` sie}ob ob ~hf}

ìijfbg" Cy~ wi ay}~ ciwesi ji}~ cv èj}ijv ix~ojjfbg ~hf} aosej ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji e} e

}{sfbg* aedfbg f~} }oysmi jfi fb {es~fmyjes ìijfbg} o` {jie}ysi (whfmh esi fb èm~ objv si}yj~}&*

wi nigseni ebn nf}`fgysi ~hi ~syi gibyfbi }{sfbg* ~hi jew f~}ij`* cv {y~~fbg e} f~ wisi e èj}i

òfj y{ob f~" Si}{im~* bo~ {jie}ysi os iblovaib~ o` he{{fbi}}* f} }oai~hfbg òs whfmh f~ f} bo~

{o}}fcji ~he~ sie}ob }hoyjn hepi ebv eb~iminib~ ìijfbg e} f~} òybne~fob (òs ~hf} woyjn

ejwev} ci }ib}fcji ebn {e~hojogfmej&4 ebn mob}mfoy}bi}} o` faainfe~i ocjfge~fob o` ~hi wfjj

cv ~hi jew f} cv bo aieb} ebejogoy} ~o ~hi ìijfbg o` {jie}ysi* ej~hoygh fb sije~fob ~o ~hi

èmyj~v o` ni}fsi f~ {sonymi} ~hi }eai i`ìm~* cy~ `soa nf`ìsib~ }oysmi}< f~ f} objv cv ~hf}

aoni o` mobmi{~fob* howipis* ~he~ wi meb e~~efb whe~ wi esi }iidfbg* beaijv* ~he~ em~fob} ci

nobi bo~ aisijv fb emmosnebmi wf~h ny~v (e} e si}yj~ o` {jie}eb~ ìijfbg}&* cy~ `soa ny~v*

whfmh ay}~ ci ~hi ~syi ibn o` ejj aosej myj~fpe~fob"

Hepi wi bo~* howipis* e wosn whfmh noi} bo~ ix{si}} iblovaib~* e} he{{fbi}} noi}* cy~

fbnfme~i} e }e~f}èm~fob fb obi'} ixf}~ibmi* eb ebejogyi o` ~hi he{{fbi}} whfmh ay}~

bimi}}esfjv emmoa{ebv ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` pfs~yi? Vi} ~hf} wosn f} }ij`!mob~ib~aib~ whfmh

fb f~} {so{is }fgbf`fme~fob ejwev} ni}fgbe~i} objv e bige~fpi }e~f}èm~fob fb obi'} ixf}~ibmi* fb

whfmh obi f} mob}mfoy} o` biinfbg bo~hfbg" @siinoa ebn ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` f~ e} e èmyj~v

o` òjjowfbg ~hi aosej jew wf~h ybvfijnfbg si}ojy~fob f} fbni{ibnibmi o` fbmjfbe~fob}* e~ jie}~e} ao~fpi} ni~isafbfbg (~hoygh bo~ e} e`ìm~fbg& oys ni}fsi* ebn }o ès e} F ea mob}mfoy} o`

~hf} `siinoa fb òjjowfbg av aosej aexfa}* f~ f} ~hi objv }oysmi o` eb ybej~isin mob~ib~aib~

whfmh f} bimi}}esfjv mobbim~in wf~h f~ ebn si}~} ob bo }{imfej ìijfbg" ^hf} aev ci mejjin

fb~ijjim~yej mob~ib~aib~" ^hi }ib}fcji mob~ib~aib~ (fa{so{isjv }o!mejjin& whfmh si}~} ob ~hi

}e~f}èm~fob o` ~hi fbmjfbe~fob}* howipis nijfme~i ~hiv aev ci faegfbin ~o ci* meb bipis ci

eniuye~i ~o ~hi mobmi{~fob o` f~" @os ~hi fbmjfbe~fob} mhebgi* ~hiv gsow wf~h ~hi fbnyjgibmi

}howb ~hia* ebn ejwev} jiepi cihfbn e }~fjj gsie~is pofn ~heb wi hen ~hoygh~ ~o `fjj" Hibmi

~hiv esi ejwev} cysnib}oai ~o e se~fobej cifbg* ebn* ej~hoygh hi mebbo~ jev ~hia e}fni* ~hiv

wsi}~ `soa hfa ~hi wf}h ~o ci sfn o` ~hia" Ipib eb fbmjfbe~fob ~o whe~ f} sfgh~ (i"g"* ~o

cibi`fmibmi&* ~hoygh f~ aev aymh èmfjf~e~i ~hi i``fmemv o` ~hi aosej aexfa}* mebbo~ {sonymi

ebv" @os fb ~hi}i ejj ay}~ ci nfsim~in ~o ~hi mobmi{~fob o` ~hi jew e} e ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji*f` ~hi em~fob f} ~o mob~efb aosejf~v ebn bo~ aisijv jigejf~v" Fbmjfbe~fob f} cjfbn ebn }jepf}h*




whi~his f~ ci o` e goon }os~ os bo~* ebn* whib aosejf~v f} fb uyi}~fob* sie}ob ay}~ bo~ {jev ~hi

{es~ aisijv o` gyesnfeb ~o fbmjfbe~fob* cy~ nf}sigesnfbg f~ ej~ogi~his ay}~ e~~ibn }fa{jv ~o f~}

owb fb~isi}~ e} {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob" ^hf} pisv ìijfbg o` moa{e}}fob ebn ~ibnis }va{e~hv* f`

f~ {simini} ~hi nijfcise~fob ob ~hi uyi}~fob o` ny~v ebn cimoai} e ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji* f}

ipib ebbovfbg ~o sfgh~ ~hfbdfbg {is}ob}* csfbg} ~hifs nijfcise~i aexfa} fb~o mob`y}fob* ebn

aedi} ~hia wf}h ~o ci nijfpisin `soa f~ ebn ~o ci }yclim~ ~o jewgfpfbg sie}ob ejobi"


@soa ~hf} wi meb ybnis}~ebn how ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` ~hf} èmyj~v o` e {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob

{sonymi} cv em~fob (pfs~yi& e mob}mfoy}bi}} o` ae}~isv opis obi'} fbmjfbe~fob}* ebn ~hisiòsi

o` fbni{ibnibmi o` ~hia* ebn mob}iuyib~jv ej}o o` ~hi nf}mob~ib~ ~he~ ejwev} emmoa{ebfi}

~hia* ebn ~hy} e bige~fpi }e~f}èm~fob wf~h obi'} }~e~i* f"i"* mob~ib~aib~* whfmh f} {sfaesfjv

mob~ib~aib~ wf~h obi'} owb {is}ob" @siinoa f~}ij` cimoai} fb ~hf} wev (beaijv* fbnfsim~jv&

me{ecji o` eb iblovaib~ whfmh mebbo~ ci mejjin he{{fbi}}* cimey}i f~ noi} bo~ ni{ibn ob ~hi

{o}f~fpi mobmyssibmi o` e ìijfbg* bos f} f~* }~sfm~jv }{iedfbg* cjf}}* }fbmi f~ noi} bo~ fbmjynimoa{ji~i fbni{ibnibmi o` fbmjfbe~fob} ebn web~}* cy~ f~ si}iacji} cjf}} fb }o ès e} ~hi

ni~isafbe~fob o` obi'} wfjj e~ jie}~ meb hojn f~}ij` `sii `soa ~hifs fb`jyibmi4 ebn ~hy}* e~ jie}~

fb f~} osfgfb* ~hf} iblovaib~ f} ebejogoy} ~o ~hi }ij`!}y``fmfibmv whfmh wi meb e}msfci objv ~o

~hi ]y{siai Cifbg"

@soa ~hf} }ojy~fob o` ~hi eb~fboav o` {sem~fmej {ysi sie}ob* f~ òjjow} ~he~ fb {sem~fmej

{sfbmf{ji} wi aev e~ jie}~ mobmifpi e} {o}}fcji e be~ysej ebn bimi}}esv mobbim~fob ci~wiib

~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` aosejf~v ebn ~hi ix{im~e~fob o` e {so{os~fobe~i he{{fbi}} e} f~} si}yj~*

~hoygh f~ noi} bo~ òjjow ~he~ wi meb dbow os {ismifpi ~hf} mobbim~fob4 ~he~* ob ~hi o~his

hebn* {sfbmf{ji} o` ~hi {ys}yf~ o` he{{fbi}} mebbo~ {o}}fcjv {sonymi aosejf~v4 ~he~* ~hisiòsi*

aosejf~v f} ~hi }y{siai goon (e} ~hi `fs}~ mobnf~fob o` ~hi }yaaya cobya&* whfji he{{fbi}}

mob}~f~y~i} f~} }imobn ijiaib~* cy~ objv fb }ymh e wev ~he~ f~ f} ~hi aosejjv mobnf~fobin* cy~

bimi}}esv mob}iuyibmi o` ~hi òsais" Objv wf~h ~hf} }ycosnfbe~fob f} ~hi }yaaya cobya ~hi

whoji oclim~ o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob* whfmh ay}~ bimi}}esfjv mobmifpi f~ e} {o}}fcji* }fbmi f~

moaaebn} y} ~o mob~sfcy~i ~o ~hi y~ao}~ o` oys {owis ~o f~} siejf|e~fob" Cy~ }fbmi ~hi

{o}}fcfjf~v o` }ymh mobbim~fob o` ~hi mobnf~fobin wf~h f~} mobnf~fob cijobg} whojjv ~o ~hi

}y{is}ib}yej sije~fob o` ~hfbg} ebn mebbo~ ci gfpib emmosnfbg ~o ~hi jew} o` ~hi wosjn o`

}ib}i* ej~hoygh ~hi {sem~fmej mob}iuyibmi} o` ~hi fnie cijobg ~o ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i* beaijv*

~hi em~fob} ~he~ efa e~ siejf|fbg ~hi }yaaya cobya4 wi wfjj ~hisiòsi ibniepoys ~o }i~ òs~h

~hi gsoybn} o` ~he~ {o}}fcfjf~v* `fs}~* fb si}{im~ o` whe~ f} faainfe~ijv fb oys {owis* ebn ~hib*

}imobnjv* fb ~he~ whfmh f} bo~ fb oys {owis* cy~ whfmh sie}ob {si}ib~} ~o y} e} ~hi }y{{jiaib~o` oys fa{o~ibmi* òs ~hi siejf|e~fob o` ~hi }yaaya cobya (whfmh cv {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji} f}

bimi}}esv&"


FFF" O` ~hi [sfaemv o` [ysi [sem~fmej Sie}ob

fb f~} Ybfob wf~h ~hi ]{imyje~fpi Sie}ob

Cv {sfaemv ci~wiib ~wo os aosi ~hfbg} mobbim~in cv sie}ob* F ybnis}~ebn ~hi {sisoge~fpi* cijobgfbg ~o obi* o` cifbg ~hi `fs}~ ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji fb ~hi mobbim~fob wf~h ejj ~hi si}~" Fb




e bessowis {sem~fmej }ib}i f~ aieb} ~hi {sisoge~fpi o` ~hi fb~isi}~ o` obi fb }o ès e} ~hi

fb~isi}~ o` ~hi o~his f} }ycosnfbe~in ~o f~* whfji f~ f} bo~ {o}~{obin ~o ebv o~his" ô ipisv

èmyj~v o` ~hi afbn wi meb e~~sfcy~i eb fb~isi}~* ~he~ f}* e {sfbmf{ji* ~he~ mob~efb} ~hi mobnf~fob

ob whfmh ejobi ~hi òsais f} mejjin fb~o ixismf}i"

Sie}ob* e} ~hi èmyj~v o` {sfbmf{ji}* ni~isafbi} ~hi fb~isi}~ o` ejj ~hi {owis} o` ~hi afbn ebnf} ni~isafbin cv f~} owb" ^hi fb~isi}~ o` f~} }{imyje~fpi ia{jovaib~ mob}f}~} fb ~hi mogbf~fob

o` ~hi oclim~ {y}hin ~o ~hi hfghi}~ e {sfosf {sfbmf{ji}< ~he~ o` f~} {sem~fmej ia{jovaib~* fb ~hi

ni~isafbe~fob o` ~hi wfjj fb si}{im~ o` ~hi `fbej ebn moa{ji~i ibn" E} ~o whe~ f} bimi}}esv òs

~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ebv ia{jovaib~ o` sie}ob e~ ejj* beaijv* ~he~ f~} {sfbmf{ji} ebn e``fsae~fob}

}hoyjn bo~ mob~senfm~ obi ebo~his* ~hf} mob}~f~y~i} bo {es~ o` f~} fb~isi}~* cy~ f} ~hi mobnf~fob o`

hepfbg sie}ob e~ ejj4 f~ f} objv f~} nipijo{aib~* bo~ aisi mob}f}~ibmv wf~h f~}ij`* ~he~ f}

simdobin e} f~} fb~isi}~"

F` {sem~fmej sie}ob moyjn bo~ e}}yai os ~hfbd e} gfpib ebv~hfbg `ys~his ~heb whe~ }{imyje~fpi

sie}ob o` f~}ij` moyjn o`ìs f~ `soa f~} owb fb}fgh~* ~hi je~~is woyjn hepi ~hi {sfaemv" Cy~

}y{{o}fbg ~he~ f~ hen o` f~}ij` osfgfbej e {sfosf {sfbmf{ji} wf~h whfmh mis~efb ~hiosi~fmej {o}f~fob} wisi fb}i{esecjv mobbim~in* whfji ~hi}i wisi wf~hnsewb `soa ebv {o}}fcji fb}fgh~

o` }{imyje~fpi sie}ob (whfmh* howipis* ~hiv ay}~ bo~ mob~senfm~&4 ~hib ~hi uyi}~fob f}< Whfmh

fb~isi}~ f} ~hi }y{isfos (bo~ whfmh ay}~ gfpi wev* òs ~hiv esi bo~ bimi}}esfjv mob`jfm~fbg&*

whi~his }{imyje~fpi sie}ob* whfmh dbow} bo~hfbg o` ejj ~he~ ~hi {sem~fmej o`ìs} òs f~}

emmi{~ebmi* }hoyjn ~edi y{ ~hi}i {so{o}f~fob} ebn (ej~hoygh ~hiv ~seb}mibn f~& ~sv ~o ybf~i

~hia wf~h f~} owb mobmi{~} e} e òsifgb {o}}i}}fob hebnin opis ~o f~* os whi~his f~ f} ly}~f`fin

fb oc}~fbe~ijv òjjowfbg f~} owb }i{ese~i fb~isi}~ ebn* emmosnfbg ~o ~hi mebobfm o` I{fmysy}*

silim~fbg e} pefb }yc~ji~v ipisv~hfbg ~he~ mebbo~ emmsinf~ f~} oclim~fpi siejf~v cv aebfì}~

ixea{ji} ~o ci }howb fb ix{isfibmi* ipib ~hoygh f~ }hoyjn ci bipis }o aymh fb~iswopib wf~h

~hi fb~isi}~ o` ~hi {sem~fmej ({ysi& y}i o` sie}ob* ebn fb f~}ij` bo~ mob~senfm~osv ~o ~hi

~hiosi~fmej* aisijv cimey}i f~ fb`sfbgi} ob ~hi fb~isi}~ o` ~hi }{imyje~fpi sie}ob ~o ~hf} ix~ib~*

~he~ f~ siaopi} ~hi coybn} whfmh ~hf} je~~is hen }i~ ~o f~}ij`* ebn gfpi} f~ y{ ~o ipisv bob}ib}i

os nijy}fob o` faegfbe~fob?

Fb èm~* }o ès e} {sem~fmej sie}ob f} ~edib e} ni{ibnib~ ob {e~hojogfmej mobnf~fob}* ~he~ f}* e}

aisijv sigyje~fbg ~hi fbmjfbe~fob} ybnis ~hi }ib}fcji {sfbmf{ji o` he{{fbi}}* wi moyjn bo~

siuyfsi }{imyje~fpi sie}ob ~o ~edi f~} {sfbmf{ji} `soa }ymh e }oysmi" Aoheaain'} {esenf}i* os

~hi ec}os{~fob fb~o ~hi Nif~v o` ~hi ~hio}o{hf}~} ebn av}~fm} woyjn {si}} ~hifs aob}~so}f~fi}

ob ~hi sie}ob emmosnfbg ~o ~hi ~e}~i o` iemh* ebn obi afgh~ e} wijj hepi bo sie}ob e}

}yssibnis f~ fb }ymh è}hfob ~o ejj }os~} o` nsiea}" Cy~ f` {ysi sie}ob o` f~}ij` meb ci {sem~fmej

ebn f} em~yejjv }o* e} ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` ~hi aosej jew {sopi}* ~hib f~ f} }~fjj objv obi ebn~hi }eai sie}ob whfmh* whi~his fb e ~hiosi~fmej os e {sem~fmej {ofb~ o` pfiw* lyngi} emmosnfbg

~o e {sfosf {sfbmf{ji}4 ebn ~hib f~ f} mjies ~he~ ej~hoygh f~ f} fb ~hi `fs}~ {ofb~ o` pfiw

fbmoa{i~ib~ ~o i}~ecjf}h mis~efb {so{o}f~fob} {o}f~fpijv* whfmh* howipis* no bo~ mob~senfm~ f~*

~hib* e} }oob e} ~hi}i {so{o}f~fob} esi fb}i{esecjv e~~emhin ~o ~hi {sem~fmej fb~isi}~ o` {ysi

sie}ob* f~ ay}~ emmi{~ ~hia* ~hoygh f~ ci e} }oai~hfbg o`ìsin ~o f~ `soa e òsifgb }oysmi*

}oai~hfbg ~he~ he} bo~ gsowb ob f~} owb gsoybn* cy~ vi~ f} }y``fmfib~jv ey~hib~fme~in4 ebn f~

ay}~ ~sv ~o moa{esi ebn mobbim~ ~hia wf~h ipisv~hfbg ~he~ f~ he} fb f~} {owis e} }{imyje~fpi

sie}ob"

F~ ay}~ siaiacis* howipis* ~he~ ~hi}i esi bo~ ennf~fob} ~o f~} fb}fgh~* cy~ vi~ esi ix~ib}fob} o`

f~} ia{jovaib~ fb ebo~his* beaijv* e {sem~fmej e}{im~4 ebn ~hf} f} bo~ fb ~hi jie}~ o{{o}in ~o f~}

fb~isi}~* whfmh mob}f}~} fb ~hi si}~sfm~fob o` wfjn }{imyje~fob"




^hy}* whib {ysi }{imyje~fpi ebn {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob esi moacfbin fb obi mogbf~fob* ~hi

je~~is he} ~hi {sfaemv* {sopfnin* beaijv* ~he~ ~hf} moacfbe~fob f} bo~ mob~fbgib~ ebn escf~sesv*

cy~ òybnin e {sfosf ob sie}ob f~}ij` ebn ~hisiòsi bimi}}esv" @os wf~hoy~ ~hf} }ycosnfbe~fob

~hisi woyjn esf}i e mob`jfm~ o` sie}ob wf~h f~}ij`4 }fbmi* f` ~hiv wisi aisijv mo!osnfbe~i* ~hi

òsais woyjn mjo}i f~} coybnesfi} }~sfm~jv ebn enaf~ bo~hfbg `soa ~hi je~~is fb~o f~} noaefb*

whfji ~hi je~~is woyjn ix~ibn f~} coybn} opis ipisv~hfbg ebn whib f~} biin} siuyfsin woyjn}iid ~o iacsemi ~hi òsais wf~hfb ~hia" Bos moyjn wi sipis}i ~hi osnis ebn siuyfsi {ysi

{sem~fmej sie}ob ~o ci }ycosnfbe~i ~o ~hi }{imyje~fpi* }fbmi ejj fb~isi}~ f} yj~fae~ijv {sem~fmej*

ebn ipib ~he~ o` }{imyje~fpi sie}ob f} mobnf~fobej* ebn f~ f} objv fb ~hi {sem~fmej ia{jovaib~

o` sie}ob ~he~ f~ f} moa{ji~i"


FP" ^hi Faaos~ejf~v o` ~hi ]oyj e} e [o}~yje~i o` [ysi [sem~fmej Sie}ob

^hi siejf|e~fob o` ~hi }yaaya cobya fb ~hi wosjn f} ~hi bimi}}esv oclim~ o` e wfjjni~isafbecji cv ~hi aosej jew" Cy~ fb ~hf} wfjj ~hi {isìm~ emmosnebmi o` ~hi afbn wf~h ~hi

aosej jew f} ~hi }y{siai mobnf~fob o` ~hi }yaaya cobya" ^hf} ~hib ay}~ ci {o}}fcji* e}

wijj e} f~} oclim~* }fbmi f~ f} mob~efbin fb ~hi moaaebn ~o {soao~i ~hi je~~is" Bow* ~hi {isìm~

emmosnebmi o` ~hi wfjj wf~h ~hi aosej jew f} hojfbi}}* e {isìm~fob o` whfmh bo se~fobej cifbg

o` ~hi }ib}fcji wosjn f} me{ecji e~ ebv aoaib~ o` hf} ixf}~ibmi" ]fbmi* bipis~hiji}}* f~ f}

siuyfsin e} {sem~fmejjv bimi}}esv* f~ meb objv ci òybn fb e {sogsi}} fb fb`fbf~ya ~owesn} ~he~

{isìm~ emmosnebmi* ebn ob ~hi {sfbmf{ji} o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob f~ f} bimi}}esv ~o e}}yai

}ymh e {sem~fmej {sogsi}} e} ~hi siej oclim~ o` oys wfjj"


Bow* ~hf} ibnji}} {sogsi}} f} objv {o}}fcji ob ~hi }y{{o}f~fob o` eb ibnji}} nyse~fob o` ~hi

ixf}~ibmi ebn {is}obejf~v o` ~hi }eai se~fobej cifbg (whfmh f} mejjin ~hi faaos~ejf~v o` ~hi

}oyj&" ^hi }yaaya cobya* ~hib* {sem~fmejjv f} objv {o}}fcji ob ~hi }y{{o}f~fob o` ~hi

faaos~ejf~v o` ~hi }oyj4 mob}iuyib~jv ~hf} faaos~ejf~v* cifbg fb}i{esecjv mobbim~in wf~h ~hi

aosej jew* f} e {o}~yje~i o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob (cv whfmh F aieb e ~hiosi~fmej {so{o}f~fob*

bo~ niaob}~secji e} }ymh* cy~ whfmh f} eb fb}i{esecji si}yj~ o` eb ybmobnf~fobej e {sfosf

{sem~fmej jew"

^hf} {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi aosej ni}~fbe~fob o` oys be~ysi* beaijv* ~he~ f~ f} objv fb eb ibnji}}

{sogsi}} ~he~ wi meb e~~efb {isìm~ emmosnebmi wf~h ~hi aosej jew* f} o` ~hi gsie~i}~ y}i* bo~aisijv òs ~hi {si}ib~ {ys{o}i o` }y{{jiaib~fbg ~hi fa{o~ibmi o` }{imyje~fpi sie}ob* cy~ ej}o

wf~h si}{im~ ~o sijfgfob" Fb nièyj~ o` f~* if~his ~hi aosej jew f} uyf~i nigsenin `soa f~}

hojfbi}}* cifbg aeni oy~ ~o ci fbnyjgib~ ebn mobòsaecji ~o oys mobpibfibmi* os ij}i aib

}~sefb ~hifs bo~fob} o` ~hifs pome~fob ebn ~hifs ix{im~e~fob ~o eb ybe~~efbecji goej* ho{fbg ~o

emuyfsi moa{ji~i hojfbi}} o` wfjj* ebn }o ~hiv jo}i ~hia}ijpi} fb èbe~fmej ~hio}o{hfm nsiea}*

whfmh whojjv mob~senfm~ }ij`!dbowjingi" Fb co~h me}i} ~hi ybmie}fbg i`òs~ ~o ociv {ybm~yejjv

ebn ~hosoyghjv e }~sfm~ ebn fb`jixfcji moaaebn o` sie}ob* whfmh vi~ f} bo~ fniej cy~ siej* f}

objv hfbnisin" @os e se~fobej cy~ `fbf~i cifbg* ~hi objv ~hfbg {o}}fcji f} eb ibnji}} {sogsi}}

`soa ~hi jowis ~o hfghis nigsii} o` aosej {isìm~fob" ^hi Fb`fbf~i Cifbg* ~o whoa ~hi

mobnf~fob o` ~fai f} bo~hfbg* }ii} fb ~hf} ~o y} ibnji}} }ymmi}}fob e whoji o` emmosnebmi wf~h

~hi aosej jew4 ebn ~hi hojfbi}} whfmh hf} moaaebn fbixosecjv siuyfsi}* fb osnis ~o ci ~syi ~ohf} ly}~fmi fb ~hi }hesi whfmh Hi e}}fgb} ~o iemh fb ~hi }yaaya cobya* f} ~o ci òybn fb e




}fbgji fb~ijjim~yej fb~yf~fob o` ~hi whoji ixf}~ibmi o` se~fobej cifbg}" Ejj ~he~ meb ci ix{im~in

o` ~hi msie~ysi fb si}{im~ o` ~hi ho{i o` ~hf} {es~fmf{e~fob woyjn ci ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` hf}

~sfin mhesem~is* cv whfmh `soa ~hi {sogsi}} hi he} hf~his~o aeni `soa ~hi wos}i ~o ~hi

aosejjv ci~~is* ebn ~hi faay~ecfjf~v o` {ys{o}i whfmh he} ~hy} cimoai dbowb ~o hfa* hi aev

ho{i òs e `ys~his ybcsodib mob~fbyebmi o` ~hi }eai* howipis jobg hf} ixf}~ibmi aev je}~*

ipib civobn ~hf} jfì5=

* ebn ~hy} hi aev ho{i* bo~ fbniin hisi* bos fb ebv faegfbecji {ofb~ o` hf} `y~ysi ixf}~ibmi* cy~ objv fb ~hi ibnji}}bi}} o` hf} nyse~fob (whfmh Gon ejobi meb }yspiv&

~o ci {isìm~jv eniuye~i ~o hf} wfjj (wf~hoy~ fbnyjgibmi os ixmy}i* whfmh no bo~ hesaobf|i

wf~h ly}~fmi&"


P" ^hi Ixf}~ibmi o` Gon e} e [o}~yje~i o` [ysi [sem~fmej Sie}ob

Fb ~hi òsigofbg ebejv}f} ~hi aosej jew jin ~o e {sem~fmej {socjia whfmh f} {si}msfcin cv {ysisie}ob ejobi* wf~hoy~ ~hi efn o` ebv }ib}fcji ao~fpi}* beaijv* ~he~ o` ~hi bimi}}esv

moa{ji~ibi}} o` ~hi `fs}~ ebn {sfbmf{ji ijiaib~ o` ~hi }yaaya cobya* pf|"* aosejf~v4 ebn* e}

~hf} meb ci {isìm~jv }ojpin objv fb i~isbf~v* ~o ~hi {o}~yje~i o` faaos~ejf~v" ^hi }eai jew

ay}~ ej}o jien y} ~o e``fsa ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi }imobn ijiaib~ o` ~hi }yaaya cobya* pf|"*

he{{fbi}} {so{os~fobin ~o ~he~ aosejf~v* ebn ~hf} ob gsoybn} e} nf}fb~isi}~in e} ciòsi* ebn

}ojijv `soa fa{es~fej sie}ob4 ~he~ f}* f~ ay}~ jien ~o ~hi }y{{o}f~fob o` ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` e mey}i

eniuye~i ~o ~hf} i`ìm~4 fb o~his wosn}* f~ ay}~ {o}~yje~i ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` Gon* e} ~hi bimi}}esv

mobnf~fob o` ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi }yaaya cobya (eb oclim~ o` ~hi wfjj whfmh f} bimi}}esfjv

mobbim~in wf~h ~hi aosej jigf}je~fob o` {ysi sie}ob&" Wi {somiin ~o ixhfcf~ ~hf} mobbim~fob fb

e mobpfbmfbg aebbis"

He{{fbi}} f} ~hi mobnf~fob o` e se~fobej cifbg fb ~hi wosjn wf~h whoa ipisv~hfbg goi}

emmosnfbg ~o hf} wf}h ebn wfjj4 f~ si}~}* ~hisiòsi* ob ~hi hesaobv o` {hv}fmej be~ysi wf~h hf}

whoji ibn ebn jfdiwf}i wf~h ~hi i}}ib~fej ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` hf} wfjj" Bow ~hi aosej

jew e} e jew o` `siinoa moaaebn} cv ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji}* whfmh oygh~ ~o ci uyf~i

fbni{ibnib~ o` be~ysi ebn o` f~} hesaobv wf~h oys èmyj~v o` ni}fsi (e} }{sfbg}&" Cy~ ~hi

em~fbg se~fobej cifbg fb ~hi wosjn f} bo~ ~hi mey}i o` ~hi wosjn ebn o` be~ysi f~}ij`" ^hisi f}

bo~ ~hi jie}~ gsoybn* ~hisiòsi* fb ~hi aosej jew òs e bimi}}esv mobbim~fob ci~wiib aosejf~v

ebn {so{os~fobe~i he{{fbi}} fb e cifbg ~he~ cijobg} ~o ~hi wosjn e} {es~ o` f~* ebn ~hisiòsi

ni{ibnib~ ob f~* ebn whfmh òs ~he~ sie}ob mebbo~ cv hf} wfjj ci e mey}i o` ~hf} be~ysi* bos cv

hf} owb {owis aedi f~ ~hosoyghjv hesaobf|i* e} ès e} hf} he{{fbi}} f} mobmisbin* wf~h hf} {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji}"

5= F~ }iia}* bipis~hiji}}* fa{o}}fcji òs e msie~ysi ~o hepi ~hi mobpfm~fob o` hf} ybwepisfbg `fsabi}} o` afbn fb

~hi {sogsi}} ~owesn} goonbi}}" Ob ~hf} emmoyb~ ~hi Mhsf}~feb sijfgfob aedi} f~ moai objv `soa ~hi }eai ]{fsf~

~he~ wosd} }ebm~f`fme~fob* ~he~ f}* ~hf} `fsa {ys{o}i* ebn wf~h f~ ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` }~ienè}~bi}} fb ~hi aosej

{sogsi}}" Cy~ be~ysejjv obi who f} mob}mfoy} ~he~ hi he} {is}ipisin ~hsoygh e jobg {os~fob o` hf} jfì y{ ~o ~hi

ibn fb ~hi {sogsi}} ~o ~hi ci~~is* ebn ~hf} gibyfbi aosej ao~fpi}* aev wijj hepi ~hi moaòs~fbg ho{i* ~hoygh bo~

~hi mis~efb~v* ~he~ ipib fb eb ixf}~ibmi {sojobgin civobn ~hf} jfì hi wfjj mob~fbyi fb ~hi}i {sfbmf{ji}4 ebn

ej~hoygh hi f} bipis ly}~f`fin hisi fb hf} owb ivi}* bos meb ipis ho{i ~o ci }o fb ~hi fbmsie}in {isìm~fob o` hf}

be~ysi* ~o whfmh hi jood} òswesn* ~ogi~his wf~h eb fbmsie}i o` ny~fi}* bipis~hiji}} fb ~hf} {sogsi}} whfmh*

~hoygh f~ f} nfsim~in ~o e goej fb`fbf~ijv siao~i* vi~ f} fb Gon'} }fgh~ sigesnin e} iuyfpejib~ ~o {o}}i}}fob* hi aev

hepi e {so}{im~ o` e cji}}in `y~ysi4 òs ~hf} f} ~hi wosn ~he~ sie}ob ia{jov} ~o ni}fgbe~i {isìm~ wijj!cifbgfbni{ibnib~ o` ejj mob~fbgib~ mey}i} o` ~hi wosjn* ebn whfmh* jfdi hojfbi}}* f} eb fnie ~he~ meb ci mob~efbin objv

fb eb ibnji}} {sogsi}} ebn f~} ~o~ejf~v* ebn mob}iuyib~jv f} bipis `yjjv e~~efbin cv e msie~ysi"




Bipis~hiji}}* fb ~hi {sem~fmej {socjia o` {ysi sie}ob* f"i"* ~hi bimi}}esv {ys}yf~ o` ~hi

}yaaya cobya* }ymh e mobbim~fob f} {o}~yje~in e} bimi}}esv< wi oygh~ ~o ibniepoys ~o

{soao~i ~hi }yaaya cobya* whfmh* ~hisiòsi* ay}~ ci {o}}fcji" Emmosnfbgjv* ~hi ixf}~ibmi

o` e mey}i o` ejj be~ysi* nf}~fbm~ `soa be~ysi f~}ij` ebn mob~efbfbg ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` ~hf}

mobbim~fob* beaijv* o` ~hi ixem~ hesaobv o` he{{fbi}} wf~h aosejf~v* f} ej}o {o}~yje~in" Bow

~hf} }y{siai mey}i ay}~ mob~efb ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi hesaobv o` be~ysi* bo~ aisijv wf~h e jewo` ~hi wfjj o` se~fobej cifbg}* cy~ wf~h ~hi mobmi{~fob o` ~hf} jew* fb }o ès e} ~hiv aedi f~ ~hi

}y{siai ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj* ebn mob}iuyib~jv bo~ aisijv wf~h ~hi òsa o`

aosej}* cy~ wf~h ~hifs aosejf~v e} ~hifs ao~fpi* ~he~ f}* wf~h ~hifs aosej mhesem~is" ^hisiòsi*

~hi }yaaya cobya f} {o}}fcji fb ~hi wosjn objv ob ~hi }y{{o}f~fob o` e ]y{siai Cifbg

hepfbg e mey}ejf~v mossi}{obnfbg ~o aosej mhesem~is" Bow e cifbg ~he~ f} me{ecji o` em~fbg ob

~hi mobmi{~fob o` jew} f} eb fb~ijjfgibmi (e se~fobej cifbg&* ebn ~hi mey}ejf~v o` }ymh e cifbg

emmosnfbg ~o ~hf} mobmi{~fob o` jew} f} hf} wfjj4 ~hisiòsi ~hi }y{siai mey}i o` be~ysi* whfmh

ay}~ ci {si}y{{o}in e} e mobnf~fob o` ~hi }yaaya cobya f} e cifbg whfmh f} ~hi mey}i o`

be~ysi cv fb~ijjfgibmi ebn wfjj* mob}iuyib~jv f~} ey~hos* ~he~ f} Gon" F~ òjjow} ~he~ ~hi

{o}~yje~i o` ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi hfghi}~ nisfpin goon (~hi ci}~ wosjn& f} jfdiwf}i ~hi

{o}~yje~i o` ~hi siejf~v o` e hfghi}~ osfgfbej goon* ~he~ f} ~o }ev* o` ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` Gon" Bowf~ we} }iib ~o ci e ny~v òs y} ~o {soao~i ~hi }yaaya cobya4 mob}iuyib~jv f~ f} bo~ aisijv

ejjowecji* cy~ f~ f} e bimi}}f~v mobbim~in wf~h ny~v e} e siuyf}f~i* ~he~ wi }hoyjn {si}y{{o}i

~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hf} }yaaya cobya4 ebn e} ~hf} f} {o}}fcji objv ob mobnf~fob o` ~hi

ixf}~ibmi o` Gon* f~ fb}i{esecjv mobbim~} ~hi }y{{o}f~fob o` ~hf} wf~h ny~v4 ~he~ f}* f~ f}

aosejjv bimi}}esv ~o e}}yai ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` Gon"

F~ ay}~ ci siaesdin hisi ~he~ ~hf} aosej bimi}}f~v f} }yclim~fpi* ~he~ f}* f~ f} e web~* ebn bo~

oclim~fpi* ~he~ f}* f~}ij` e ny~v* òs ~hisi mebbo~ ci e ny~v ~o }y{{o}i ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ebv~hfbg

(}fbmi ~hf} mobmisb} objv ~hi ~hiosi~fmej ia{jovaib~ o` sie}ob&" Aosiopis* f~ f} bo~ aieb~ cv

~hf} ~he~ f~ f} bimi}}esv ~o }y{{o}i ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` Gon e} e ce}f} o` ejj ocjfge~fob fb gibisej

(òs ~hf} si}~}* e} he} ciib }y``fmfib~jv {sopin* }fa{jv ob ~hi ey~oboav o` sie}ob f~}ij`&"

Whe~ cijobg} ~o ny~v hisi f} objv ~hi ibniepoys ~o siejf|i ebn {soao~i ~hi }yaaya cobyafb ~hi wosjn* ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` whfmh meb ~hisiòsi ci {o}~yje~in4 ebn e} oys sie}ob `fbn} f~

bo~ mobmifpecji ixmi{~ ob ~hi }y{{o}f~fob o` e }y{siai fb~ijjfgibmi* ~hi enaf}}fob o` ~hf}

ixf}~ibmi f} ~hisiòsi mobbim~in wf~h ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` oys ny~v* ej~hoygh ~hi enaf}}fob

f~}ij` cijobg} ~o ~hi noaefb o` }{imyje~fpi sie}ob" Mob}fnisin fb si}{im~ o` ~hf} ejobi* e} e

{sfbmf{ji o` ix{jebe~fob* f~ aev ci mejjin e hv{o~hi}f}* cy~ fb siìsibmi ~o ~hi fb~ijjfgfcfjf~v o`

eb oclim~ gfpib y} cv ~hi aosej jew (~hi }yaaya cobya&* ebn mob}iuyib~jv o` e siuyfsiaib~

òs {sem~fmej {ys{o}i}* f~ aev ci mejjin èf~h* ~he~ f} ~o }ev e {ysi se~fobej èf~h* }fbmi {ysi

sie}ob (co~h fb f~} ~hiosi~fmej ebn {sem~fmej y}i& f} ~hi }oji }oysmi `soa whfmh f~ }{sfbg}"


@soa ~hf} ninym~fob f~ f} bow fb~ijjfgfcji whv ~hi Gsiid }mhooj} moyjn bipis e~~efb ~hi

}ojy~fob o` ~hifs {socjia o` ~hi {sem~fmej {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi }yaaya cobya* cimey}i ~hiv

aeni ~hi syji o` ~hi y}i whfmh ~hi wfjj o` aeb aedi} o` hf} `siinoa ~hi }oji ebn }y``fmfib~

gsoybn o` ~hf} {o}}fcfjf~v* ~hfbdfbg ~he~ ~hiv hen bo biin òs ~he~ {ys{o}i o` ~hi ixf}~ibmi o`

Gon" Bo noyc~ ~hiv wisi }o ès sfgh~ ~he~ ~hiv i}~ecjf}hin ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` aosej} o` f~}ij`

fbni{ibnib~jv o` ~hf} {o}~yje~i* `soa ~hi sije~fob o` sie}ob objv ~o ~hi wfjj* ebn mob}iuyib~jv

aeni f~ ~hi }y{siai {sem~fmej mobnf~fob o` ~hi }yaaya cobya4 cy~ f~ we} bo~ ~hisiòsi ~hi

whoji mobnf~fob o` f~} {o}}fcfjf~v" ^hi I{fmysieb} hen fbniin e}}yain e} ~hi }y{siai

{sfbmf{ji o` aosejf~v e whojjv èj}i obi* beaijv ~he~ o` he{{fbi}}* ebn hen }yc}~f~y~in òs ejew e aexfa o` escf~sesv mhofmi emmosnfbg ~o ipisv aeb'} fbmjfbe~fob4 ~hiv {somiinin*




howipis* mob}f}~ib~jv iboygh fb ~hf}* ~he~ ~hiv nigsenin ~hifs }yaaya cobya jfdiwf}i* ly}~

fb {so{os~fob ~o ~hi aiebbi}} o` ~hifs `ybneaib~ej {sfbmf{ji* ebn joodin òs bo gsie~is

he{{fbi}} ~heb meb ci e~~efbin cv hyaeb {synibmi (fbmjynfbg ~ia{isebmi ebn aonise~fob o`

~hi fbmjfbe~fob}&* ebn ~hf} e} wi dbow woyjn ci }meb~v iboygh ebn woyjn ci pisv nf`ìsib~

emmosnfbg ~o mfsmya}~ebmi}4 bo~ ~o aib~fob ~hi ixmi{~fob} ~he~ ~hifs aexfa} ay}~ {is{i~yejjv

enaf~ ebn whfmh aedi ~hia fbme{ecji o` cifbg jew}" ^hi ]~ofm}* ob ~hi mob~sesv* hen mho}ib~hifs }y{siai {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji uyf~i sfgh~jv* aedfbg pfs~yi ~hi mobnf~fob o` ~hi }yaayacobya4 cy~ whib ~hiv si{si}ib~in ~hi nigsii o` pfs~yi siuyfsin cv f~} {ysi jew e} `yjjv

e~~efbecji fb ~hf} jfì* ~hiv bo~ objv }~sefbin ~hi aosej {owis} o` ~hi aeb whoa ~hiv mejjin

~hi wf}i civobn ejj ~hi jfaf~} o` hf} be~ysi* ebn e}}yain e ~hfbg ~he~ mob~senfm~} ejj oys

dbowjingi o` aib* cy~ ej}o ebn {sfbmf{ejjv ~hiv woyjn bo~ ejjow ~hi }imobn ijiaib~ o` ~hi

}yaaya cobya* beaijv* he{{fbi}}* ~o ci {so{isjv e }{imfej oclim~ o` hyaeb ni}fsi* cy~

aeni ~hifs wf}i aeb* jfdi e nfpfbf~v fb hf} mob}mfoy}bi}} o` ~hi ixmijjibmi o` hf} {is}ob*

whojjv fbni{ibnib~ o` be~ysi (e} sigesn} hf} owb mob~ib~aib~&4 ~hiv ix{o}in hfa fbniin ~o

~hi ipfj} o` jfì* cy~ aeni hfa bo~ }yclim~ ~o ~hia (e~ ~hi }eai ~fai si{si}ib~fbg hfa ej}o e}

`sii `soa aosej ipfj&" ^hiv ~hy}* fb èm~* ji`~ oy~ ~hi }imobn ijiaib~ o` ~hi }yaaya cobya

beaijv* {is}obej he{{fbi}}* {jemfbg f~ }ojijv fb em~fob ebn }e~f}èm~fob wf~h obi'} owb {is}obej wos~h* ~hy} fbmjynfbg f~ fb ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` cifbg aosejjv afbnin* fb whfmh ~hiv

Afgh~ hepi ciib }y``fmfib~jv si`y~in cv ~hi pofmi o` ~hifs owb be~ysi"

^hi nom~sfbi o` Mhsf}~febf~v* , ipib f` wi no bo~ vi~ mob}fnis f~ e} e sijfgfoy} nom~sfbi* gfpi}*

~oymhfbg ~hf} {ofb~* e mobmi{~fob o` ~hi }yaaya cobya (~hi dfbgnoa o` Gon&* whfmh ejobi

}e~f}`fi} ~hi }~sfm~i}~ niaebn o` {sem~fmej sie}ob" ^hi aosej jew f} hojv (ybvfijnfbg& ebn

niaebn} hojfbi}} o` aosej}* ej~hoygh ejj ~hi aosej {isìm~fob ~o whfmh aeb meb e~~efb f} }~fjj

objv pfs~yi* ~he~ f}* e sfgh~`yj nf}{o}f~fob esf}fbg `soa si}{im~ òs ~hi jew* fa{jvfbg

mob}mfoy}bi}} o` e mob}~eb~ {so{ib}f~v ~o ~seb}gsi}}fob* os e~ jie}~ e web~ o` {ysf~v* ~he~ f}* e

afx~ysi o` aebv }{ysfoy} (bo~ aosej& ao~fpi} o` ocinfibmi ~o ~hi jew* mob}iuyib~jv e }ij`!

i}~iia moacfbin wf~h hyafjf~v" Fb si}{im~* ~hib* o` ~hi hojfbi}} whfmh ~hi Mhsf}~feb jew

siuyfsi}* ~hf} jiepi} ~hi msie~ysi bo~hfbg cy~ e {sogsi}} fb fb`fbf~ya* cy~ òs ~he~ pisv sie}ob f~

ly}~f`fi} hfa fb ho{fbg òs eb ibnji}} nyse~fob o` hf} ixf}~ibmi" ^hi wos~h o` e mhesem~is

{isìm~jv emmosneb~ wf~h ~hi aosej jew f} fb`fbf~i* }fbmi ~hi objv si}~sfm~fob ob ejj {o}}fcji

he{{fbi}} fb ~hi lyngiaib~ o` e wf}i ebn ejj {owis`yj nf}~sfcy~os o` f~ f} ~hi ec}ibmi o`

mobòsaf~v o` se~fobej cifbg} ~o ~hifs ny~v" Cy~ ~hi aosej jew o` f~}ij` noi} bo~ {soaf}i ebv

he{{fbi}}* òs emmosnfbg ~o oys mobmi{~fob} o` eb osnis o` be~ysi fb gibisej* ~hf} f} bo~

bimi}}esfjv mobbim~in wf~h ocinfibmi ~o ~hi jew" Bow Mhsf}~feb aosejf~v }y{{jfi} ~hf} niìm~

(o` ~hi }imobn fbnf}{ib}ecji ijiaib~ o` ~hi }yaaya cobya& cv si{si}ib~fbg ~hi wosjn fb

whfmh se~fobej cifbg} nipo~i ~hia}ijpi} wf~h ejj ~hifs }oyj ~o ~hi aosej jew* e} e dfbgnoa o`

Gon* fb whfmh be~ysi ebn aosejf~v esi csoygh~ fb~o e hesaobv òsifgb ~o iemh o` f~}ij`* cv ehojv Ey~hos who aedi} ~hi nisfpin }yaaya cobya {o}}fcji" Hojfbi}} o` jfì f} {si}msfcin ~o

~hia e} e syji ipib fb ~hf} jfì* whfji ~hi wijèsi {so{os~fobin ~o f~* beaijv* cjf}}* f}

si{si}ib~in e} e~~efbecji objv fb eb i~isbf~v4 cimey}i ~hi òsais ay}~ ejwev} ci ~hi {e~~isb o`

~hifs mobnym~ fb ipisv }~e~i* ebn {sogsi}} ~owesn} f~ f} ejsienv {o}}fcji ebn bimi}}esv fb ~hf}

jfì4 whfji ~hi je~~is* ybnis ~hi beai o` he{{fbi}}* mebbo~ ci e~~efbin e~ ejj fb ~hf} wosjn (}o

ès e} oys owb {owis f} mobmisbin&* ebn ~hisiòsi f} aeni }fa{jv eb oclim~ o` ho{i"

Bipis~hiji}}* ~hi Mhsf}~feb {sfbmf{ji o` aosejf~v f~}ij` f} bo~ ~hiojogfmej (}o e} ~o ci

hi~isoboav&* cy~ f} ey~oboav o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob* }fbmi f~ noi} bo~ aedi ~hi dbowjingi

o` Gon ebn Hf} wfjj ~hi òybne~fob o` ~hi}i jew}* cy~ objv o` ~hi e~~efbaib~ o` ~hi }yaayacobya* ob mobnf~fob o` òjjowfbg ~hi}i jew}* ebn f~ noi} bo~ ipib {jemi ~hi {so{is }{sfbg o`

~hf} ocinfibmi fb ~hi ni}fsin si}yj~}* cy~ }ojijv fb ~hi mobmi{~fob o` ny~v* e} ~he~ o` whfmh ~hièf~h`yj oc}ispebmi ejobi mob}~f~y~i} ~hi wos~hfbi}} ~o oc~efb ~ho}i he{{v mob}iuyibmi}"




F~ f} moaaobjv hijn ~he~ ~hi Mhsf}~feb {simi{~ o` aosejf~v he} bo enpeb~egi fb si}{im~ o`

{ysf~v opis ~hi aosej mobmi{~fob} o` ~hi ]~ofm}4 ~hi nf}~fbm~fob ci~wiib ~hia f}* howipis*

pisv ocpfoy}" ^hi ]~ofm }v}~ia aeni ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` }~sibg~h o` afbn ~hi {fpo~ ob

whfmh ejj aosej nf}{o}f~fob} }hoyjn ~ysb4 ebn ej~hoygh f~} nf}mf{ji} }{odi o` ny~fi} ebn ipib

ni`fbin ~hia pisv wijj* vi~ ~hiv {jemin ~hi }{sfbg ebn {so{is ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi

wfjj fb eb ijipe~fob o` ~hi afbn ecopi ~hi jowis }{sfbg} o` ~hi }ib}i}* whfmh owi ~hifs {owis objv ~o wiedbi}} o` afbn" Wf~h ~hia ~hisiòsi* pfs~yi we} e }os~ o` hisof}a fb ~hi wf}i aeb

sef}fbg hfa}ij` ecopi ~hi ebfaej be~ysi o` aeb* f} }y``fmfib~ òs Hfa}ij`* ebn* whfji hi

{si}msfci} ny~fi} ~o o~his}* f} hfa}ij` sef}in ecopi ~hia* ebn f} bo~ }yclim~ ~o ebv ~ia{~e~fob

~o ~seb}gsi}} ~hi aosej jew" Ejj ~hf}* howipis* ~hiv moyjn bo~ hepi nobi f` ~hiv hen mobmifpin

~hf} jew fb ejj f~} {ysf~v ebn }~sfm~bi}}* e} ~hi {simi{~ o` ~hi Go}{ij noi}" Whib F gfpi ~hi

beai fnie ~o e {isìm~fob ~o whfmh bo~hfbg eniuye~i meb ci gfpib fb ix{isfibmi* f~ noi} bo~

òjjow ~he~ ~hi aosej fnie} esi ~hfbg ~seb}mibnib~* ~he~ f} }oai~hfbg o` whfmh wi moyjn bo~

ipib ni~isafbi ~hi mobmi{~ eniuye~ijv* os o` whfmh f~ f} ybmis~efb whi~his ~hisi f} ebv oclim~

mossi}{obnfbg ~o f~ e~ ejj* e} f} ~hi me}i wf~h ~hi fnie} o` }{imyje~fpi sie}ob4 ob ~hi mob~sesv*

cifbg ~v{i} o` {sem~fmej {isìm~fob* ~hiv }ispi e} ~hi fbnf}{ib}ecji syji o` mobnym~ ebn

jfdiwf}i e} ~hi }~ebnesn o` moa{esf}ob" Bow f` F mob}fnis Mhsf}~feb aosej} ob ~hifs {hfjo}o{hfmej }fni* ~hib moa{esin wf~h ~hi fnie} o` ~hi Gsiid }mhooj}* ~hiv woyjn e{{ies e}

òjjow}< ~hi fnie} o` ~hi Mvbfm}* ~hi I{fmysieb}* ~hi ]~ofm}* ebn ~hi Mhsf}~feb} esi< }fa{jfmf~v

o` be~ysi* {synibmi* wf}noa* ebn hojfbi}}" Fb si}{im~ o` ~hi wev o` e~~efbfbg ~hia* ~hi Gsiid

}mhooj} wisi nf}~fbgyf}hin `soa obi ebo~his ~hy} ~he~ ~hi Mvbfm} objv siuyfsin moaaob

}ib}i* ~hi o~his} ~hi {e~h o` }mfibmi* cy~ co~h òybn ~hi aisi y}i o` be~ysej {owis} }y``fmfib~

òs ~hi {ys{o}i" Mhsf}~feb aosejf~v* cimey}i f~} {simi{~ f} `seain (e} e aosej {simi{~ ay}~ ci&

}o {ysi ebn ybvfijnfbg* ~edi} `soa aeb ejj mob`fnibmi ~he~ ci meb ci `yjjv eniuye~i ~o f~* e~

jie}~ fb ~hf} jfì* cy~ egefb }i~} f~ y{ cv ibecjfbg y} ~o ho{i ~he~ f` wi em~ e} wijj e} f~ f} fb oys

{owis ~o no* ~hib whe~ f} bo~ fb oys {owis wfjj moai fb ~o oys efn `soa ebo~his }oysmi*

whi~his wi dbow how ~hf} aev ci os bo~" Esf}~o~ji ebn [je~o nf`ìsin objv e} ~o ~hi osfgfb o`

oys aosej mobmi{~fob}"


Fb ~hf} aebbis* ~hi aosej jew} jien ~hsoygh ~hi mobmi{~fob o` ~hi }yaaya cobya e} ~hi

oclim~ ebn `fbej ibn o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob ~o sijfgfob* ~he~ f}* ~o ~hi simogbf~fob o` ejj ny~fi}

e} nfpfbi moaaebn}* bo~ e} }ebm~fob}* ~he~ f} ~o }ev* escf~sesv osnfbebmi} o` e òsifgb ebn

mob~fbgib~ fb ~hia}ijpi}* cy~ e} i}}ib~fej jew} o` ipisv `sii wfjj fb f~}ij`* whfmh* bipis~hiji}}*

ay}~ ci sigesnin e} moaaebn} o` ~hi ]y{siai Cifbg* cimey}i f~ f} objv `soa e aosejjv

{isìm~ (hojv ebn goon& ebn e~ ~hi }eai ~fai ejj!{owis`yj wfjj* ebn mob}iuyib~jv objv ~hsoygh

hesaobv wf~h ~hf} wfjj* ~he~ wi meb ho{i ~o e~~efb ~hi }yaaya cobya whfmh ~hi aosej jewaedi} f~ oys ny~v ~o ~edi e} ~hi oclim~ o` oys ibniepoys}" Hisi egefb* ~hib* ejj siaefb}

nf}fb~isi}~in ebn òybnin aisijv ob ny~v4 bif~his ìes bos ho{i cifbg aeni ~hi `ybneaib~ej

}{sfbg}* whfmh f` ~edib e} {sfbmf{ji} woyjn ni}~sov ~hi whoji aosej wos~h o` em~fob}" ^hi

aosej jew moaaebn} ai ~o aedi ~hi hfghi}~ {o}}fcji goon fb e wosjn ~hi yj~fae~i oclim~ o`

ejj av mobnym~" Cy~ F mebbo~ ho{i ~o i`ìm~ ~hf} o~hiswf}i ~heb cv ~hi hesaobv o` av wfjj

wf~h ~he~ o` e hojv ebn goon Ey~hos o` ~hi wosjn4 ebn ej~hoygh ~hi mobmi{~fob o` ~hi }yaaya

cobya e} e whoji* fb whfmh ~hi gsie~i}~ he{{fbi}} f} mobmifpin e} moacfbin fb ~hi ao}~ ixem~

{so{os~fob wf~h ~hi hfghi}~ nigsii o` aosej {isìm~fob ({o}}fcji fb msie~ysi}&* fbmjyni} av

owb he{{fbi}}* vi~ f~ f} bo~ ~hf} ~he~ f} ~hi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj whfmh f} iblofbin

~o {soao~i ~hi }yaaya cobya* cy~ ~hi aosej jew* whfmh* ob ~hi mob~sesv* jfaf~} cv }~sfm~

mobnf~fob} av ybcoybnin ni}fsi o` he{{fbi}}"




Hibmi ej}o aosejf~v f} bo~ {so{isjv ~hi nom~sfbi how wi }hoyjn aedi oys}ijpi} he{{v* cy~

how wi }hoyjn cimoai wos~hv o` he{{fbi}}" F~ f} objv whib sijfgfob f} ennin ~he~ ~hisi ej}o

moai} fb ~hi ho{i o` {es~fmf{e~fbg }oai nev fb he{{fbi}} fb {so{os~fob e} wi hepi

ibniepoysin ~o ci bo~ ybwos~hv o` f~"

E aeb f} wos~hv ~o {o}}i}} e ~hfbg os e }~e~i whib hf} {o}}i}}fob o` f~ f} fb hesaobv wf~h ~hi }yaaya cobya" Wi meb bow ie}fjv }ii ~he~ ejj wos~hfbi}} ni{ibn} ob aosej mobnym~* }fbmi

fb ~hi mobmi{~fob o` ~hi }yaaya cobya ~hf} mob}~f~y~i} ~hi mobnf~fob o` ~hi si}~ (whfmh

cijobg} ~o obi'} }~e~i&* beaijv* ~hi {es~fmf{e~fob o` he{{fbi}}" Bow f~ òjjow} `soa ~hf} ~he~

aosejf~v }hoyjn bipis ci ~sie~in e} e nom~sfbi o` he{{fbi}}* ~he~ f}* eb fb}~sym~fob how ~o

cimoai he{{v4 òs f~ he} ~o no }fa{jv wf~h ~hi se~fobej mobnf~fob (mobnf~fo }fbi uye bob& o`

he{{fbi}}* bo~ wf~h ~hi aieb} o` e~~efbfbg f~" Cy~ whib aosejf~v he} ciib moa{ji~ijv

ix{oybnin (whfmh aisijv fa{o}i} ny~fi} fb}~ien o` {sopfnfbg syji} òs }ij`f}h ni}fsi}&* ~hib

`fs}~* e`~is ~hi aosej ni}fsi ~o {soao~i ~hi }yaaya cobya (~o csfbg ~hi dfbgnoa o` Gon ~o

y}& he} ciib ewedibin* e ni}fsi òybnin ob e jew* ebn whfmh moyjn bo~ {sipfoy}jv esf}i fb

ebv }ij`f}h afbn* ebn whib òs ~hi cihoo` o` ~hf} ni}fsi ~hi }~i{ ~o sijfgfob he} ciib ~edib*

~hib ~hf} i~hfmej nom~sfbi aev ci ej}o mejjin e nom~sfbi o` he{{fbi}} cimey}i ~hi ho{i o` he{{fbi}} `fs}~ cigfb} wf~h sijfgfob objv"

Wi meb ej}o }ii `soa ~hf} ~he~* whib wi e}d whe~ f} Gon'} yj~fae~i ibn fb msie~fbg ~hi wosjn*

wi ay}~ bo~ beai ~hi he{{fbi}} o` ~hi se~fobej cifbg} fb f~* cy~ ~hi }yaaya cobya* whfmh

enn} e `ys~his mobnf~fob ~o ~he~ wf}h o` }ymh cifbg}* beaijv* ~hi mobnf~fob o` cifbg wos~hv o`

he{{fbi}}* ~he~ f}* ~hi aosejf~v o` ~hi}i }eai se~fobej cifbg}* e mobnf~fob whfmh ejobi mob~efb}

~hi syji cv whfmh objv ~hiv meb ho{i ~o }hesi fb ~hi òsais e~ ~hi hebn o` e wf}i Ey~hos" @os

e} wf}noa* ~hiosi~fmejjv mob}fnisin* }fgbf`fi} ~hi dbowjingi o` ~hi }yaaya cobya ebn*

{sem~fmejjv* ~hi emmosnebmi o` ~hi wfjj wf~h ~hi }yaaya cobya* wi mebbo~ e~~sfcy~i ~o e

}y{siai fbni{ibnib~ wf}noa eb ibn ce}in aisijv ob goonbi}}" @os wi mebbo~ mobmifpi ~hi

em~fob o` ~hf} goonbi}} (fb si}{im~ o` ~hi he{{fbi}} o` se~fobej cifbg}& e} }yf~ecji ~o ~hi

hfghi}~ osfgfbej goon* ixmi{~ ybnis ~hi si}~sfm~fpi mobnf~fob} o` hesaobv wf~h ~hi hojfbi}}5>

o` hf} wfjj" ^hisiòsi* ~ho}i who {jemin ~hi ibn o` msie~fob fb ~hi gjosv o` Gon ({sopfnin ~he~

~hf} f} bo~ mobmifpin eb~hso{oaos{hfmejjv e} e ni}fsi ~o ci {sef}in& hepi {ishe{} hf~ y{ob ~hi

ci}~ ix{si}}fob" @os bo~hfbg gjosf`fi} Gon aosi ~heb ~he~ whfmh f} ~hi ao}~ i}~faecji ~hfbg fb

~hi wosjn* si}{im~ òs hf} moaaebn* ~hi oc}ispebmi o` ~hi hojv ny~v ~he~ hf} jew fa{o}i} ob

y}* whib ~hisi f} ennin ~hisi~o hf} gjosfoy} {jeb o` msowbfbg }ymh e ciey~f`yj osnis o` ~hfbg}

wf~h mossi}{obnfbg he{{fbi}}" F` ~hi je~~is (~o }{ied hyaebjv& aedi} Hfa wos~hv o` jopi* cv

~hi òsais Hi f} eb oclim~ o` enose~fob" Ipib aib meb bipis emuyfsi si}{im~ cv cibipojibmi

ejobi* ~hoygh ~hiv aev gefb jopi* }o ~he~ ~hi gsie~i}~ cibi`fmibmi objv {somysi} ~hia hoboys

whib f~ f} sigyje~in cv wos~hfbi}}"


5> Fb osnis ~o aedi ~hi}i mhesem~isf}~fm} o` ~hi}i mobmi{~fob} mjies* F enn ~hi siaesd ~he~ whfj}~ wi e}msfci ~o

Gon pesfoy} e~~sfcy~i}* ~hi uyejf~v o` whfmh wi ej}o `fbn e{{jfmecji ~o msie~ysi}* objv ~he~ fb Hfa ~hiv esi sef}in

~o ~hi hfghi}~ nigsii* i"g"* {owis* dbowjingi* {si}ibmi* goonbi}}* i~m"* ybnis ~hi ni}fgbe~fob} o` oabf{o~ibmi*

oabf}mfibmi* oabf{si}ibmi* i~m"* ~hisi esi ~hsii ~he~ esi e}msfcin ~o Gon ixmjy}fpijv* ebn vi~ wf~hoy~ ~hi

ennf~fob o` gsie~bi}}* ebn whfmh esi ejj aosej Hi f} ~hi objv hojv* ~hi objv cji}}in* ~hi objv wf}i* cimey}i ~hi}i

mobmi{~fob} ejsienv fa{jv ~hi ec}ibmi o` jfaf~e~fob" Fb ~hi osnis o` ~hi}i e~~sfcy~i} Hi f} ej}o ~hi hojv jewgfpis

(ebn msie~os&* ~hi goon gopisbos (ebn {si}ispis& ebn ~hi ly}~ lyngi* ~hsii e~~sfcy~i} whfmh fbmjyni ipisv~hfbg cvwhfmh Gon f} ~hi oclim~ o` sijfgfob* ebn fb mobòsaf~v wf~h whfmh ~hi ai~e{hv}fmej {isìm~fob} esi ennin o`

~hia}ijpi} fb ~hi sie}ob"




^he~ fb ~hi osnis o` ibn}* aeb (ebn wf~h hfa ipisv se~fobej cifbg& f} eb ibn fb hfa}ij`* ~he~ f}*

~he~ hi meb bipis ci y}in aisijv e} e aieb} cv ebv (bo~ ipib cv Gon& wf~hoy~ cifbg e~ ~hi

}eai ~fai eb ibn ej}o hfa}ij`* ~he~ ~hisiòsi hyaebf~v fb oys {is}ob ay}~ ci hojv ~o

oys}ijpi}* ~hf} òjjow} bow o` f~}ij` cimey}i hi f} ~hi }yclim~ o` ~hi aosej jew* fb o~his wosn}*o` ~he~ whfmh f} hojv fb f~}ij`* ebn ob emmoyb~ o` whfmh ebn fb egsiiaib~ wf~h whfmh ejobi meb

ebv~hfbg ci ~isain hojv" @os ~hf} aosej jew f} òybnin ob ~hi ey~oboav o` hf} wfjj* e} e `sii

wfjj whfmh cv f~} ybfpis}ej jew} ay}~ bimi}}esfjv ci ecji ~o egsii wf~h ~he~ ~o whfmh f~ f} ~o

}ycaf~ f~}ij`"


PF" O` ~hi [o}~yje~i} o` [ysi [sem~fmej Sie}ob Gibisejjv

^hiv ejj {somiin `soa ~hi {sfbmf{ji o` aosejf~v* whfmh f} bo~ e {o}~yje~i cy~ e jew* cv whfmhsie}ob ni~isafbi} ~hi wfjj nfsim~jv* whfmh wfjj* cimey}i f~ f} }o ni~isafbin e} e {ysi wfjj*

siuyfsi} ~hi}i bimi}}esv mobnf~fob} o` ocinfibmi ~o f~} {simi{~" ^hi}i {o}~yje~i} esi bo~

~hiosi~fmej nogae} cy~* }y{{o}f~fob} {sem~fmejjv bimi}}esv4 whfji ~hib ~hiv no Tbo~Q ix~ibn

oys }{imyje~fpi dbowjingi* ~hiv gfpi oclim~fpi siejf~v ~o ~hi fnie} o` }{imyje~fpi sie}ob fb

gibisej (cv aieb} o` ~hifs siìsibmi ~o whe~ f} {sem~fmej&* ebn gfpi f~ e sfgh~ ~o mobmi{~}* ~hi

{o}}fcfjf~v ipib o` whfmh f~ moyjn bo~ o~hiswf}i pib~ysi ~o e``fsa"

^hi}i {o}~yje~i} esi ~ho}i o` faaos~ejf~v* `siinoa {o}f~fpijv mob}fnisin (e} ~hi mey}ejf~v o` e

cifbg }o ès e} hi cijobg} ~o ~hi fb~ijjfgfcji wosjn&* ebn ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` Gon" ^hi `fs}~ si}yj~}

`soa ~hi {sem~fmejjv bimi}}esv mobnf~fob o` e nyse~fob eniuye~i ~o ~hi moa{ji~i `yj`fjaib~ o` ~hi aosej jew4 ~hi }imobn `soa ~hi bimi}}esv }y{{o}f~fob o` fbni{ibnibmi o` ~hi }ib}fcji

wosjn* ebn o` ~hi èmyj~v o` ni~isafbfbg obi'} wfjj emmosnfbg ~o ~hi jew o` eb fb~ijjfgfcji

wosjn* ~he~ f}* o` `siinoa4 ~hi ~hfsn `soa ~hi bimi}}esv mobnf~fob o` ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hi

}yaaya cobya fb }ymh eb fb~ijjfgfcji wosjn* cv ~hi }y{{o}f~fob o` ~hi }y{siai fbni{ibnib~

goon* ~he~ f}* ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` Gon"

^hy} ~hi èm~ ~he~ si}{im~ òs ~hi aosej jew bimi}}esfjv aedi} ~hi }yaaya cobya eb oclim~

o` oys ibniepoys}* ebn ~hi }y{{o}f~fob ~hibmi si}yj~fbg o` f~} oclim~fpi siejf~v* jien ~hsoygh

~hi {o}~yje~i} o` {sem~fmej sie}ob ~o mobmi{~fob} whfmh }{imyje~fpi sie}ob afgh~ fbniin

{si}ib~ e} {socjia}* cy~ moyjn bipis }ojpi"

^hy} f~ jien}<

5" ô ~he~ obi fb ~hi }ojy~fob o` whfmh ~hi je~~is moyjn no bo~hfbg cy~ moaaf~ {esejogf}a}

(beaijv* ~he~ o` faaos~ejf~v&* cimey}i f~ moyjn bo~ jev hojn o` ~hi mhesem~is o` {isaebibmi* cv

whfmh ~o moa{ji~i ~hi {}vmhojogfmej mobmi{~fob o` eb yj~fae~i }yclim~ bimi}}esfjv e}msfcin ~o

~hi }oyj fb }ij`!mob}mfoy}bi}}* }o e} ~o aedi f~ ~hi siej mobmi{~fob o` e }yc}~ebmi* e mhesem~is

whfmh {sem~fmej sie}ob `ysbf}hi} cv ~hi {o}~yje~i o` e nyse~fob siuyfsin òs emmosnebmi wf~h

~hi aosej jew fb ~hi }yaaya cobya* whfmh f} ~hi whoji ibn o` {sem~fmej sie}ob" 3" F~ jien} ~o

~he~ o` whfmh }{imyje~fpi sie}ob mob~efbin bo~hfbg cy~ eb~fboav* ~hi }ojy~fob o` whfmh f~

moyjn objv òybn ob e bo~fob [socjiae~fmejjv mobmifpecji fbniin* cy~ who}i oclim~fpi siejf~v

f~ moyjn bo~ {sopi os ni~isafbi* beaijv* ~hi mo}aojogfmej fnie o` eb fb~ijjfgfcji wosjn ebn ~hi

mob}mfoy}bi}} o` oys ixf}~ibmi fb f~* cv aieb} o` ~hi {o}~yje~i o` `siinoa (~hi siejf~v o` whfmh f~ jev} nowb cv pfs~yi o` ~hi aosej jew&* ebn wf~h f~ jfdiwf}i ~hi jew o` eb fb~ijjfgfcji




wosjn* ~o whfmh }{imyje~fpi sie}ob moyjn objv {ofb~* cy~ moyjn bo~ ni`fbi f~} mobmi{~fob" ="

Whe~ }{imyje~fpi sie}ob we} ecji ~o ~hfbd* cy~ we} ocjfgin ~o jiepi ybni~isafbin e} e aisi

~seb}mibnib~ej fniej* pf|"* ~hi ~hiojogfmej mobmi{~fob o` ~hi `fs}~ Cifbg* ~o ~hf} f~ gfpi}

}fgbf`fmebmi (fb e {sem~fmej pfiw* ~he~ f}* e} e mobnf~fob o` ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi oclim~ o` e wfjj

ni~isafbin cv ~he~ jew&* beaijv* e} ~hi }y{siai {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi }yaaya cobya fb eb

fb~ijjfgfcji wosjn* cv aieb} o` aosej jigf}je~fob fb f~ fbpi}~in wf~h }opisifgb {owis"

F} oys dbowjingi* howipis* em~yejjv ix~ibnin fb ~hf} wev cv {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob* ebn f} ~he~

faaebib~ fb {sem~fmej sie}ob whfmh òs ~hi }{imyje~fpi we} objv ~seb}mibnib~? Mis~efbjv* cy~

objv fb e {sem~fmej {ofb~ o` pfiw" @os wi no bo~ ~hisicv ~edi dbowjingi o` ~hi be~ysi o` oys

}oyj}* bos o` ~hi fb~ijjfgfcji wosjn* bos o` ~hi ]y{siai Cifbg* wf~h si}{im~ ~o whe~ ~hiv esi fb

~hia}ijpi}* cy~ wi hepi aisijv moacfbin ~hi mobmi{~fob} o` ~hia fb ~hi {sem~fmej mobmi{~ o`

~hi }yaaya cobya e} ~hi oclim~ o` oys wfjj* ebn ~hf} ej~ogi~his e {sfosf* cy~ objv cv aieb} o`

~hi aosej jew* ebn aisijv fb siìsibmi ~o f~* fb si}{im~ o` ~hi oclim~ whfmh f~ moaaebn}" Cy~

how `siinoa f} {o}}fcji* ebn how wi esi ~o mobmifpi ~hf} dfbn o` mey}ejf~v ~hiosi~fmejjv ebn

{o}f~fpijv* f} bo~ ~hisicv nf}mopisin4 cy~ objv ~he~ ~hisi f} }ymh e mey}ejf~v f} {o}~yje~in cv ~hi

aosej jew ebn fb f~} cihoo`" F~ f} ~hi }eai wf~h ~hi siaefbfbg fnie}* ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` whfmhbo hyaeb fb~ijjfgibmi wfjj ipis è~hoa* cy~ ~hi ~sy~h o` whfmh* ob ~hi o~his hebn* bo

}o{hf}~sv wfjj ipis wsi}~ `soa ~hi mobpfm~fob ipib o` ~hi moaaobi}~ aeb"


PFF" How f} f~ {o}}fcji ~o mobmifpi eb Ix~ib}fob o` [ysi Sie}ob

fb e [sem~fmej {ofb~ o` pfiw*

wf~hoy~ f~} Dbowjingi e} ]{imyje~fpi cifbg ibjesgin e~ ~hi }eai ~fai?


Fb osnis bo~ ~o ci ~oo ec}~sem~* wi wfjj eb}wis ~hf} uyi}~fob e~ obmi fb f~} e{{jfme~fob ~o ~hi

{si}ib~ me}i" Fb osnis ~o ix~ibn e {ysi mogbf~fob {sem~fmejjv* ~hisi ay}~ ci eb e {sfosf {ys{o}i

gfpib* ~he~ f}* eb ibn e} oclim~ (o` ~hi wfjj&* whfmh fbni{ibnib~jv o` ejj ~hiojogfmej {sfbmf{ji f}

{si}ib~in e} {sem~fmejjv bimi}}esv cv eb fa{ise~fpi whfmh ni~isafbi} ~hi wfjj nfsim~jv (e

me~igosfmej fa{ise~fpi&* ebn fb ~hf} me}i ~he~ f} ~hi }yaaya cobya" ^hf}* howipis* f} bo~

{o}}fcji wf~hoy~ {si}y{{o}fbg ~hsii ~hiosi~fmej mobmi{~fob} (òs whfmh* cimey}i ~hiv esi aisi

mobmi{~fob} o` {ysi sie}ob* bo mossi}{obnfbg fb~yf~fob meb ci òybn* bos mob}iuyib~jv cv ~hi

{e~h o` ~hiosv ebv oclim~fpi siejf~v&4 beaijv* `siinoa* faaos~ejf~v* ebn Gon" ^hy} cv ~hi

{sem~fmej jew whfmh moaaebn} ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hi hfghi}~ goon {o}}fcji fb e wosjn* ~hi

{o}}fcfjf~v o` ~ho}i oclim~} o` {ysi }{imyje~fpi sie}ob f} {o}~yje~in* ebn ~hi oclim~fpi siejf~vwhfmh ~hi je~~is moyjn bo~ e}}ysi ~hia" Cv ~hf} ~hi ~hiosi~fmej dbowjingi o` {ysi sie}ob noi}

fbniin oc~efb eb emmi}}fob4 cy~ f~ mob}f}~} objv fb ~hf}* ~he~ ~ho}i mobmi{~} whfmh o~hiswf}i f~

hen ~o jood y{ob e} {socjiae~fmej (aisijv ~hfbdecji& mobmi{~}* esi bow }howb e}}is~osfejjv ~o

ci }ymh e} em~yejjv hepi oclim~}4 cimey}i {sem~fmej sie}ob fbnf}{ib}ecjv siuyfsi} ~hifs

ixf}~ibmi òs ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` f~} oclim~* ~hi }yaaya cobya* whfmh {sem~fmejjv f} ec}ojy~ijv

bimi}}esv* ebn ~hf} ly}~f`fi} ~hiosi~fmej sie}ob fb e}}yafbg ~hia" Cy~ ~hf} ix~ib}fob o`

~hiosi~fmej sie}ob f} bo ix~ib}fob o` }{imyje~fpi* ~he~ f}* wi mebbo~ aedi ebv {o}f~fpi y}i o` f~

fb e ~hiosi~fmej {ofb~ o` pfiw" @os e} bo~hfbg f} emmoa{jf}hin fb ~hf} cv {sem~fmej sie}ob*

ys~his ~heb ~he~ ~hi}i mobmi{~} esi siej ebn em~yejjv hepi ~hifs ({o}}fcji& oclim~}* ebn bo~hfbg

fb ~hi wev o` fb~yf~fob o` ~hia f} gfpib ~hisicv (whfmh fbniin moyjn bo~ ci niaebnin&* hibmi

~hi enaf}}fob o` ~hf} siejf~v noi} bo~ sibnis ebv }vb~hi~fmej {so{o}f~fob {o}}fcji"

Mob}iuyib~jv* ~hf} nf}mopisv noi} bo~ fb ~hi jie}~ hij{ y} ~o ix~ibn ~hf} dbowjingi o` oys} fb




e }{imyje~fpi {ofb~ o` pfiw* ej~hoygh f~ noi} fb si}{im~ o` ~hi {sem~fmej ia{jovaib~ o` {ysi

sie}ob" ^hi ecopi ~hsii fnie} o` }{imyje~fpi sie}ob esi }~fjj fb ~hia}ijpi} bo~ mogbf~fob}4 ~hiv

esi howipis (~seb}mibnib~& ~hoygh~}* fb whfmh ~hisi f} bo~hfbg fa{o}}fcji"

Bow* cv hij{ o` eb e{onifm~fm {sem~fmej jew* cifbg bimi}}esv mobnf~fob} o` ~he~ whfmh f~

moaaebn} ~o ci aeni eb oclim~* ~hiv emuyfsi oclim~fpi siejf~v4 ~he~ f}* wi jiesb `soa f~ ~he~

~hiv hepi oclim~}* wf~hoy~ cifbg ecji ~o {ofb~ oy~ how ~hi mobmi{~fob o` ~hia f} sije~in ~o eboclim~* ebn ~hf}* ~oo* f} }~fjj bo~ e mogbf~fob o` ~hi}i oclim~}4 òs wi mebbo~ ~hisicv òsa ebv

}vb~hi~fmej lyngiaib~ ecoy~ ~hia* bos ni~isafbi ~hifs e{{jfme~fob ~hiosi~fmejjv4 mob}iuyib~jv*

wi meb aedi bo ~hiosi~fmej se~fobej y}i o` ~hia e~ ejj* fb whfmh y}i ejj }{imyje~fpi dbowjingi

o` sie}ob mob}f}~}" Bipis~hiji}}* ~hi ~hiosi~fmej dbowjingi* bo~ fbniin o` ~hi}i oclim~}* cy~ o`

sie}ob gibisejjv* f} }o ès ibjesgin cv ~hf}* ~he~ cv ~hi {sem~fmej {o}~yje~i} oclim~} wisi gfpib

~o ~ho}i fnie}* e aisijv {socjiae~fmej ~hoygh~ hepfbg cv ~hf} aieb} `fs}~ emuyfsin oclim~fpi

siejf~v" ^hisi f} ~hisiòsi bo ix~ib}fob o` ~hi dbowjingi o` gfpib }y{is}ib}fcji oclim~}* cy~

eb ix~ib}fob o` ~hiosi~fmej sie}ob ebn o` f~} dbowjingi fb si}{im~ o` ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji

gibisejjv4 fbe}aymh e} f~ f} moa{ijjin ~o enaf~ ~he~ ~hisi esi }ymh oclim~}* ej~hoygh f~ f} bo~

ecji ~o ni`fbi ~hia aosi mjo}ijv* }o e} f~}ij` ~o ix~ibn ~hf} dbowjingi o` ~hi oclim~} (whfmh

hepi bow ciib gfpib f~ ob {sem~fmej gsoybn}* ebn objv òs {sem~fmej y}i&" @os ~hf} emmi}}fob*~hib* {ysi ~hiosi~fmej sie}ob* òs whfmh ejj ~ho}i fnie} esi ~seb}mibnib~ ebn wf~hoy~ oclim~*

he} }fa{jv ~o ~hebd f~} {sem~fmej èmyj~v" Fb ~hf} ~hiv cimoai faaebib~ ebn mob}~f~y~fpi* cifbg

~hi }oysmi o` ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` siejf|fbg ~hi bimi}}esv oclim~ o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob (~hi

}yaaya cobya&4 whisie} e{es~ `soa ~hf} ~hiv esi ~seb}mibnib~* ebn aisijv sigyje~fpi

{sfbmf{ji} o` }{imyje~fpi sie}ob* whfmh no bo~ siuyfsi f~ ~o e}}yai e biw oclim~ civobn

ix{isfibmi* cy~ objv ~o csfbg f~} y}i fb ix{isfibmi biesis ~o moa{ji~ibi}}" Cy~ whib obmi

sie}ob f} fb {o}}i}}fob o` ~hf} emmi}}fob* f~ wfjj go ~o wosd wf~h ~hi}i fnie} e} }{imyje~fpi

sie}ob ({so{isjv objv ~o e}}ysi ~hi mis~efb~v o` f~} {sem~fmej y}i& fb e bige~fpi aebbis< ~he~ f}*

bo~ ix~ibnfbg cy~ mjiesfbg y{ f~} dbowjingi }o e} ob obi }fni ~o dii{ o`` eb~hso{oaos{hf}a*

e} ~hi }oysmi o` }y{is}~f~fob* os }iiafbg ix~ib}fob o` ~hi}i mobmi{~fob} cv }y{{o}in

ix{isfibmi4 ebn ob ~hi o~his }fni èbe~fmf}a* whfmh {soaf}i} ~hi }eai cv aieb} o`

}y{is}ib}fcji fb~yf~fob os ìijfbg} o` ~hi jfdi dfbn" Ejj ~hi}i esi hfbnsebmi} ~o ~hi {sem~fmej y}i

o` {ysi sie}ob* }o ~he~ ~hi siaopej o` ~hia aev mis~efbjv ci mob}fnisin eb ix~ib}fob o` oys

dbowjingi fb e {sem~fmej {ofb~ o` pfiw* wf~hoy~ mob~senfm~fbg ~hi enaf}}fob ~he~ òs

}{imyje~fpi {ys{o}i} sie}ob he} bo~ fb ~hi jie}~ gefbin cv ~hf}"

Ipisv ia{jovaib~ o` sie}ob fb si}{im~ o` eb oclim~ siuyfsi} {ysi mobmi{~} o` ~hi

ybnis}~ebnfbg (me~igosfi}&* wf~hoy~ whfmh bo oclim~ meb ci mobmifpin" ^hi}i meb ci e{{jfin

~o ~hi ~hiosi~fmej ia{jovaib~ o` sie}ob* f"i"* ~o ~he~ dfbn o` dbowjingi* objv fb me}i eb

fb~yf~fob (whfmh f} ejwev} }ib}fcji& f} ~edib e} e ce}f}* ebn ~hisiòsi aisijv fb osnis ~o

mobmifpi cv aieb} o`! ~hia eb oclim~ o` {o}}fcji ix{isfibmi" Bow hisi whe~ hepi ~o ci~hoygh~ cv aieb} o` ~hi me~igosfi} fb osnis ~o ci dbowb esi fnie} o` sie}ob* whfmh mebbo~ ci

gfpib fb ebv ix{isfibmi" Objv wi esi bo~ hisi mobmisbin wf~h ~hi ~hiosi~fmej dbowjingi o`

~hi oclim~} o` ~hi}i fnie}* cy~ objv wf~h ~hf}* whi~his ~hiv hepi oclim~} e~ ejj" ^hf} siejf~v f}

}y{{jfin cv {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob* ebn ~hiosi~fmej sie}ob he} bo~hfbg `ys~his ~o no fb ~hf} cy~

~o ~hfbd ~ho}i oclim~} cv aieb} o` me~igosfi}" ^hf}* e} wi hepi ij}iwhisi mjiesjv }howb* meb

ci nobi wijj iboygh wf~hoy~ biinfbg ebv fb~yf~fob (if~his }ib}fcji os }y{is}ib}fcji& cimey}i

~hi me~igosfi} hepi ~hifs }ie~ ebn osfgfb fb ~hi {ysi ybnis}~ebnfbg* }fa{jv e} ~hi èmyj~v o`

~hoygh~* ciòsi ebn fbni{ibnib~jv o` ebv fb~yf~fob* ebn ~hiv ejwev} objv }fgbf`v eb oclim~ fb

gibisej* bo ae~~is fb whe~ wev f~ aev ci gfpib ~o y}" Bow whib ~hi me~igosfi} esi ~o ci

e{{jfin ~o ~hi}i fnie}* f~ f} bo~ {o}}fcji ~o gfpi ~hia ebv oclim~ fb fb~yf~fob4 cy~ ~he~ }ymh eb

oclim~ em~yejjv ixf}~}* ebn mob}iuyib~jv ~he~ ~hi me~igosv e} e aisi òsa o` ~hoygh~ f} hisi bo~ia{~v cy~ he} }fgbf`fmebmi* ~hf} f} }y``fmfib~jv e}}ysin ~hia cv eb oclim~ whfmh {sem~fmej




sie}ob {si}ib~} civobn noyc~ fb ~hi mobmi{~ o` ~hi }yaaya cobya* ~hi siejf~v o` ~hi

mobmi{~fob} whfmh esi siuyfsin òs ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi }yaaya cobya4 wf~hoy~* howipis*

i`ìm~fbg cv ~hf} emmi}}fob ~hi jie}~ ix~ib}fob o` oys dbowjingi ob ~hiosi~fmej {sfbmf{ji}"

Whib ~hi}i fnie} o` Gon* o` eb fb~ijjfgfcji wosjn (~hi dfbgnoa o` Gon&* ebn o` faaos~ejf~v

esi `ys~his ni~isafbin cv {sinfme~i} ~edib `soa oys owb be~ysi* wi ay}~ bo~ sigesn ~hf}ni~isafbe~fob e} e }ib}yejf|fbg o` ~ho}i {ysi se~fobej fnie} (eb~hso{oaos{hf}a&* bos e} e

~seb}mibnib~ dbowjingi o` }y{is}ib}fcji oclim~}4 òs ~hi}i {sinfme~i} esi bo o~his} ~heb

ybnis}~ebnfbg ebn wfjj* mob}fnisin ~oo fb ~hi sije~fob ~o iemh o~his fb whfmh ~hiv ay}~ ci

mobmifpin fb ~hi aosej jew* ebn ~hisiòsi* objv }o ès e} e {ysi {sem~fmej y}i f} aeni o` ~hia"

E} ~o ejj ~hi si}~ ~he~ cijobg} ~o ~hi}i mobmi{~fob} {}vmhojogfmejjv* ~he~ f}* }o ès e} wi

oc}ispi ~hi}i èmyj~fi} o` oys} ia{fsfmejjv fb ~hifs ixismf}i (i"g"* ~he~ ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg o`

aeb f} nf}mys}fpi* ebn f~} bo~fob} ~hisiòsi bo~ fb~yf~fob} cy~ ~hoygh~}* ~he~ ~hi}i òjjow obi

ebo~his fb ~fai* ~he~ hf} wfjj he} f~} }e~f}èm~fob ejwev} ni{ibnib~ ob ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` f~}

oclim~* i~m"* whfmh mebbo~ ci ~hi me}i fb ~hi ]y{siai Cifbg&* `soa ejj ~hf} wi ec}~sem~ fb ~he~

me}i* ebn ~hib ~hisi siaefb} o` ~hi bo~fob} cv whfmh wi mobmifpi e {ysi fb~ijjfgibmi bo~hfbg

aosi ~heb ly}~ whe~ f} siuyfsin òs ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` mobmifpfbg e aosej jew" ^hisi f} ~hib edbowjingi o` Gon fbniin* cy~ objv òs {sem~fmej {ys{o}i}* ebn* f` wi e~~ia{~ ~o ix~ibn f~ ~o e

~hiosi~fmej dbowjingi* wi `fbn eb ybnis}~ebnfbg ~he~ he} fb~yf~fob}* bo~ ~hoygh~}* e wfjj ~he~ f}

nfsim~in ~o oclim~} ob ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` whfmh f~} }e~f}èm~fob noi} bo~ fb ~hi jie}~ ni{ibn (bo~

~o aib~fob ~hi ~seb}mibnib~ej {sinfme~i}* e}* òs ixea{ji* e aegbf~yni o` ixf}~ibmi* ~he~ f}

nyse~fob* whfmh* howipis* f} bo~ fb ~fai* ~hi objv {o}}fcji aieb} wi hepi o` mobmifpfbg

ixf}~ibmi e} aegbf~yni&" Bow ~hi}i esi ejj e~~sfcy~i} o` whfmh wi meb òsa bo mobmi{~fob ~he~

woyjn hij{ ~o ~hi dbowjingi o` ~hi oclim~* ebn wi jiesb `soa ~hf} ~he~ ~hiv meb bipis ci y}in

òs e ~hiosv o` }y{is}ib}fcji cifbg}* }o ~he~ ob ~hf} }fni ~hiv esi uyf~i fbme{ecji o` cifbg ~hi

òybne~fob o` e }{imyje~fpi dbowjingi* ebn ~hifs y}i f} jfaf~in }fa{jv ~o ~hi {sem~fmi o` ~hi

aosej jew"


^hf} je}~ f} }o ocpfoy}* ebn meb ci {sopin }o mjiesjv cv èm~* ~he~ wi aev mob`fnib~jv

mhejjibgi ejj {si~ibnin be~ysej ~hiojogfeb} (e }fbgyjes beai&59 ~o }{imf`v (opis ebn ecopi ~hi

aisijv ob~ojogfmej {sinfme~i}& obi }fbgji e~~sfcy~i* whi~his o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg os o` ~hi

wfjj* ni~isafbfbg ~hf} oclim~ o` ~hifs}* o` whfmh wi moyjn bo~ }how fbmob~sopis~fcjv ~he~* f` wi

ec}~sem~ `soa f~ ipisv~hfbg eb~hso{oaos{hfm* bo~hfbg woyjn siaefb ~o y} cy~ ~hi aisi wosn*

wf~hoy~ oys cifbg ecji ~o mobbim~ wf~h f~ ~hi }aejji}~ bo~fob cv whfmh wi moyjn ho{i òs eb

ix~ib}fob o` ~hiosi~fmej dbowjingi" Cy~ e} ~o ~hi {sem~fmej* ~hisi }~fjj siaefb} ~o y} o` ~hi

e~~sfcy~i} o` ybnis}~ebnfbg ebn wfjj ~hi mobmi{~fob o` e sije~fob ~o whfmh oclim~fpi siejf~v f}gfpib cv ~hi {sem~fmej jew (whfmh ni~isafbi} e {sfosf {simf}ijv ~hf} sije~fob o` ~hi

ybnis}~ebnfbg ~o ~hi wfjj&" Whib obmi ~hf} f} nobi* ~hib siejf~v f} gfpib ~o ~hi mobmi{~fob o`

~hi oclim~ o` e wfjj aosejjv ni~isafbin (~hi mobmi{~fob o` ~hi }yaaya cobya&* ebn wf~h f~ ~o

~hi mobnf~fob} o` f~} {o}}fcfjf~v* ~hi fnie} o` Gon* `siinoa* ebn faaos~ejf~v* cy~ ejwev} objv

sije~fpijv ~o ~hi {sem~fmi o` ~hi aosej jew (ebn bo~ òs ebv }{imyje~fpi {ys{o}i&"

59 Jiesbfbg f} {so{isjv objv ~hi whoji mob~ib~ o` ~hi hf}~osfmej }mfibmi}" Mob}iuyib~jv f~ f} objv ~hi ~iemhis o`

sipiejin ~hiojogv ~he~ meb ci mejjin e jiesbin ~hiojogfeb" F`* howipis* wi mhoo}i ~o mejj e aeb jiesbin who f} fb

{o}}i}}fob o` ~hi se~fobej }mfibmi} (ae~hiae~fm} ebn {hfjo}o{hv&* ej~hoygh ipib ~hf} woyjn ci mob~sesv ~o ~hi

}fgbf`fme~fob o` ~hi wosn (whfmh ejwev} moyb~} e} jiesbfbg objv ~he~ whfmh obi ay}~ ci #jiesbin# ebn whfmh*~hisiòsi* hi mebbo~ nf}mopis o` hfa}ij` cv sie}ob&* ipib fb ~he~ me}i ~hi {hfjo}o{his woyjn aedi ~oo {oos e

`fgysi wf~h hf} dbowjingi o` Gon e} e {o}f~fpi }mfibmi ~o ji~ hfa}ij` ci mejjin ob ~he~ emmoyb~ e jiesbin aeb"




Emmosnfbg ~o ~hi}i siaesd} f~ f} bow ie}v ~o `fbn ~hi eb}wis ~o ~hi wifgh~v uyi}~fob whi~his

~hi bo~fob o` Gon f} obi cijobgfbg ~o {hv}fm} (ebn ~hisiòsi ej}o ~o ai~e{hv}fm}* whfmh

mob~efb} ~hi {ysi e {sfosf {sfbmf{ji} o` ~hi òsais fb ~hifs ybfpis}ej fa{os~& os ~o aosej}" F`

wi hepi simoys}i ~o Gon e} ~hi Ey~hos o` ejj ~hfbg}* fb osnis ~o ix{jefb ~hi essebgiaib~} o`

be~ysi os f~} mhebgi}* ~hf} f} e~ jie}~ bo~ e {hv}fmej ix{jebe~fob* ebn f} e moa{ji~i mobì}}fob

~he~ oys {hfjo}o{hv he} moai ~o eb ibn* }fbmi wi esi ocjfgin ~o e}}yai }oai~hfbg o` whfmhfb f~}ij` wi hepi o~hiswf}i bo mobmi{~fob* fb osnis ~o ci ecji ~o `seai e mobmi{~fob o` ~hi

{o}}fcfjf~v o` whe~ wi }ii ciòsi oys ivi}" Ai~e{hv}fm}* howipis* mebbo~ ibecji y} ~o e~~efb

cv mis~efb fbìsibmi `soa ~hi dbowjingi o` ~hf} wosjn ~o ~hi mobmi{~fob o` Gon ebn ~o ~hi

{soo` o` Hf} ixf}~ibmi* òs ~hf} sie}ob* ~he~ fb osnis ~o }ev ~he~ ~hf} wosjn moyjn ci {sonymin

objv cv e Gon (emmosnfbg ~o ~hi mobmi{~fob fa{jfin cv ~hf} wosn& wi }hoyjn dbow ~hf} wosjn

e} ~hi ao}~ {isìm~ whoji {o}}fcji4 ebn òs ~hf} {ys{o}i }hoyjn ej}o dbow ejj {o}}fcji wosjn}

(fb osnis ~o ci ecji ~o moa{esi ~hia wf~h ~hf}&4 fb o~his wosn}* wi }hoyjn ci oabf}mfib~" F~ f}

ec}ojy~ijv fa{o}}fcji* howipis* ~o dbow ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hf} Cifbg `soa aisi mobmi{~}*

cimey}i ipisv ixf}~ib~fej {so{o}f~fob* ~he~ f}* ipisv {so{o}f~fob ~he~ e``fsa} ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` e

cifbg o` whfmh F `seai e mobmi{~* f} e }vb~hi~fm {so{o}f~fob* ~he~ f}* obi cv whfmh F go civobn

~he~ mobmi{~fob ebn e``fsa o` f~ aosi ~heb we} ~hoygh~ fb ~hi mobmi{~fob f~}ij`4 beaijv* ~he~~hf} mobmi{~ fb ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg he} eb oclim~ mossi}{obnfbg ~o f~ oy~}fni ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg*

ebn ~hf} f~ f} ocpfoy}jv fa{o}}fcji ~o ijfmf~ cv ebv sie}obfbg" ^hisi siaefb}* ~hisiòsi* objv

obi }fbgji {somi}} {o}}fcji òs sie}ob ~o e~~efb ~hf} dbowjingi* beaijv* ~o }~es~ `soa ~hi

}y{siai {sfbmf{ji o` f~} {ysi {sem~fmej y}i (whfmh fb ipisv me}i f} nfsim~in }fa{jv ~o ~hi

ixf}~ibmi o` }oai~hfbg e} e mob}iuyibmi o` sie}ob& ebn ~hy} ni~isafbi f~} oclim~" ^hib f~}

fbipf~ecji {socjia* beaijv* ~hi bimi}}esv nfsim~fob o` ~hi wfjj ~o ~hi }yaaya cobya*

nf}mopis} ~o y} bo~ objv ~hi bimi}}f~v o` e}}yafbg }ymh e @fs}~ Cifbg fb siìsibmi ~o ~hi

{o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hf} goon fb ~hi wosjn* cy~* whe~ f} ao}~ siaesdecji* }oai~hfbg whfmh sie}ob fb

f~} {sogsi}} ob ~hi {e~h o` {hv}fmej be~ysi ej~ogi~his èfjin ~o `fbn* beaijv* eb emmyse~ijv

ni`fbin mobmi{~fob o` ~hf} @fs}~ Cifbg" E} wi meb dbow objv e }aejj {es~ o` ~hf} wosjn* ebn

meb }~fjj ji}} moa{esi f~ wf~h ejj {o}}fcji wosjn}* wi aev fbniin `soa f~} osnis* ni}fgb* ebn

gsie~bi}}* fbìs e wf}i* goon* {owis`yj* i~m"* Ey~hos o` f~* cy~ bo~ ~he~ Hi f} ejj!wf}i* ejj!goon*

ejj!{owis`yj* i~m" F~ aev fbniin pisv wijj ci gseb~in ~he~ wi }hoyjn ci ly}~f`fin fb }y{{jvfbg

~hf} fbipf~ecji niìm~ cv e jigf~fae~i ebn sie}obecji hv{o~hi}f}4 beaijv* ~he~ whib wf}noa*

goonbi}}* i~m* esi nf}{jevin fb ejj ~hi {es~} ~he~ o`ìs ~hia}ijpi} ~o oys biesis dbowjingi* f~ f}

ly}~ ~hi }eai fb ejj ~hi si}~* ebn ~he~ f~ woyjn ~hisiòsi ci sie}obecji ~o e}msfci ejj {o}}fcji

{isìm~fob} ~o ~hi Ey~hos o` ~hi wosjn* cy~ ~hi}i esi bo~ }~sfm~ jogfmej fbìsibmi} fb whfmh wi

meb {sfni oys}ijpi} ob oys fb}fgh~* cy~ objv {isaf~~in mobmjy}fob} fb whfmh wi aev ci

fbnyjgin ebn whfmh siuyfsi `ys~his simoaaibne~fob ciòsi wi meb aedi y}i o` ~hia" Ob ~hi

{e~h o` ia{fsfmej fbuyfsv ~hib ({hv}fm}&* ~hi mobmi{~fob o` Gon siaefb} ejwev} e mobmi{~fob

o` ~hi {isìm~fob o` ~hi @fs}~ Cifbg bo~ emmyse~ijv iboygh ni~isafbin ~o ci hijn eniuye~i ~o~hi mobmi{~fob o` Nif~v" (Wf~h ai~e{hv}fm fb f~} ~seb}mibnib~ej {es~ bo~hfbg whe~ipis meb ci

emmoa{jf}hin"&


Whib F bow ~sv ~o ~i}~ ~hf} mobmi{~fob cv siìsibmi ~o ~hi oclim~ o` {sem~fmej sie}ob* F `fbn ~he~

~hi aosej {sfbmf{ji enaf~} e} {o}}fcji objv ~hi mobmi{~fob o` eb Ey~hos o` ~hi wosjn

{o}}i}}in o` ~hi hfghi}~ {isìm~fob" Hi ay}~ ci oabf}mfib~* fb osnis ~o dbow av mobnym~ y{

~o ~hi fbao}~ soo~ o` av aib~ej }~e~i fb ejj {o}}fcji me}i} ebn fb~o ejj `y~ysi ~fai4 oabf{o~ib~*

fb osnis ~o ejjo~ ~o f~ f~} `f~~fbg mob}iuyibmi}4 }fafjesjv Hi ay}~ ci oabf{si}ib~* i~isbej* i~m"

^hy} ~hi aosej jew* cv aieb} o` ~hi mobmi{~fob o` ~hi }yaaya cobya e} ~hi oclim~ o` e {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob* ni~isafbi} ~hi mobmi{~ o` ~hi @fs}~ Cifbg e} ~hi ]y{siai Cifbg4 e ~hfbg




whfmh ~hi {hv}fmej (ebn fb f~} hfghis nipijo{aib~ ~hi ai~e{hv}fmej&* fb o~his wosn}* ~hi

whoji }{imyje~fpi moys}i o` sie}ob* we} ybecji ~o i`ìm~" ^hi mobmi{~fob o` Gon* ~hib* f} obi

~he~ cijobg} osfgfbejjv bo~ ~o {hv}fm}* f"i"* ~o }{imyje~fpi sie}ob* cy~ ~o aosej}" ^hi }eai aev

ci }efn o` ~hi o~his mobmi{~fob} o` sie}ob o` whfmh wi hepi ~sie~in ecopi e} {o}~yje~i} o` f~

fb f~} {sem~fmej y}i"

Fb ~hi hf}~osv o` Gsimfeb {hfjo}o{hv wi `fbn bo nf}~fbm~ ~semi} o` e {ysi se~fobej ~hiojogv

iesjfis ~heb Ebexegose}4 cy~ ~hf} f} bo~ cimey}i ~hi ojnis {hfjo}o{his} hen bo~ fb~ijjfgibmi os

{ibi~se~fob iboygh ~o sef}i ~hia}ijpi} ~o f~ cv ~hi {e~h o` }{imyje~fob* e~ jie}~ wf~h ~hi efn o`

e ~hosoyghjv sie}obecji hv{o~hi}f}" Whe~ moyjn hepi ciib ie}fis* whe~ aosi be~ysej* ~heb ~hi

~hoygh~ whfmh o` f~}ij` ommys} ~o ipisvobi* ~o e}}yai fb}~ien o` }ipisej mey}i} o` ~hi wosjn*

fb}~ien o` eb fbni~isafbe~i nigsii o` {isìm~fob* e }fbgji se~fobej mey}i hepfbg ejj {isìm~fob?

Cy~ ~hi ipfj} fb ~hi wosjn }iiain ~o ~hia ~o ci aymh ~oo }isfoy} oclim~fob} ~o ejjow ~hia ~o

ìij ~hia}ijpi} ly}~f`fin fb }ymh e hv{o~hi}f}" ^hiv }howin fb~ijjfgibmi ebn {ibi~se~fob ~hib

fb ~hf} pisv {ofb~* ~he~ ~hiv nfn bo~ ejjow ~hia}ijpi} ~o eno{~ f~* cy~ ob ~hi mob~sesv joodin

ecoy~ eaobg}~ be~ysej mey}i} ~o }ii f` ~hiv moyjn bo~ `fbn fb ~hia ~hi uyejf~fi} ebn {owis

siuyfsin òs e @fs}~ Cifbg" Cy~ whib ~hf} emy~i {io{ji hen enpebmin }o ès fb ~hifs fbpi}~fge~fob} o` be~ysi e} ~o ~sie~ ipib aosej uyi}~fob} {hfjo}o{hfmejjv* ob whfmh o~his

be~fob} hen bipis nobi ebv~hfbg cy~ ~ejd* ~hib `fs}~ ~hiv òybn e biw ebn {sem~fmej web~*

whfmh nfn bo~ èfj ~o gfpi ni`fbf~ibi}} ~o ~hifs mobmi{~fob o` ~hi @fs}~ Cifbg< ebn fb ~hf} ~hi

}{imyje~fpi sie}ob {jevin ~hi {es~ o` }{im~e~os* os e~ ci}~ hen ~hi aisf~ o` iacijjf}hfbg e

mobmi{~fob ~he~ hen bo~ gsowb ob f~} owb gsoybn* ebn o` e{{jvfbg e }isfi} o` mob`fsae~fob}

`soa ~hi }~ynv o` be~ysi bow csoygh~ òswesn òs ~hi `fs}~ ~fai* bo~ fbniin ~o }~sibg~hib ~hi

ey~hosf~v o` ~hf} mobmi{~fob (whfmh we} ejsienv i}~ecjf}hin&* cy~ se~his ~o aedi e }how wf~h e

}y{{o}in nf}mopisv o` ~hiosi~fmej sie}ob"

@soa ~hi}i siaesd}* ~hi sienis o` ~hi Msf~fuyi o` [ysi ]{imyje~fpi Sie}ob wfjj ci ~hosoyghjv

mobpfbmin how hfghjv bimi}}esv ~he~ jecosfoy} ninym~fob o` ~hi me~igosfi} we}* ebn how

`syf~`yj òs ~hiojogv ebn aosej}" @os f`* ob ~hi obi hebn* wi {jemi ~hia fb {ysi ybnis}~ebnfbg*

f~ f} cv ~hf} ninym~fob ejobi ~he~ wi meb ci {sipib~in `soa sigesnfbg ~hia* wf~h [je~o* e}

fbbe~i* ebn òybnfbg ob ~hia ix~sepegeb~ {si~ib}fob} ~o ~hiosfi} o` ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji* ~o

whfmh wi meb }ii bo ibn* ebn cv whfmh wi }hoyjn aedi ~hiojogv e aegfm jeb~isb o`

mhfaise}4 ob ~hi o~his hebn* f` wi sigesn ~hia e} emuyfsin* ~hf} ninym~fob }epi} y} `soa

si}~sfm~fbg* wf~h I{fmysy}* ejj ebn ipisv y}i o` ~hia* ipib òs {sem~fmej {ys{o}i}* ~o ~hi

oclim~} ebn ao~fpi} o` ~hi }ib}i}" Cy~ bow ~he~ ~hi Msf~fuyi he} }howb cv ~he~ ninym~fob*

`fs}~* ~he~ ~hiv esi bo~ o` ia{fsfmej osfgfb* cy~ hepi ~hifs }ie~ ebn }oysmi e {sfosf fb ~hi {ysi

ybnis}~ebnfbg4 }imobnjv* ~he~ e} ~hiv siìs ~o oclim~} fb gibisej fbni{ibnib~jv o` ~hi fb~yf~fob

o` ~hia* hibmi* ej~hoygh ~hiv mebbo~ i`ìm~ ~hiosi~fmej dbowjingi* ixmi{~ fb e{{jfme~fob ~oia{fsfmej oclim~}* vi~ whib e{{jfin ~o eb oclim~ gfpib cv {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob ~hiv ibecji y}

~o mobmifpi ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji ni`fbf~ijv* objv }o ès* howipis* e} f~ f} ni`fbin cv }ymh

{sinfme~i} e} esi bimi}}esfjv mobbim~in wf~h ~hi {ysi {sem~fmej {ys{o}i gfpib e {sfosf ebn wf~h

f~} {o}}fcfjf~v" ^hi }{imyje~fpi si}~sfm~fob o` {ysi sie}ob ebn f~} {sem~fmej ix~ib}fob csfbg f~

fb~o ~he~ sije~fob o` iuyejf~v fb whfmh sie}ob fb gibisej meb ci ia{jovin }yf~ecjv ~o f~} ibn*

ebn ~hf} ixea{ji {sopi} ci~~is ~heb ebv o~his ~he~ ~hi {e~h ~o wf}noa* f` f~ f} ~o ci aeni }ysi

ebn bo~ ~o ci fa{e}}ecji os af}jienfbg* ay}~ wf~h y} aib fbipf~ecjv {e}} ~hsoygh }mfibmi4 cy~

f~ f} bo~ ~fjj ~hf} f} moa{ji~i ~he~ wi meb ci mobpfbmin ~he~ f~ jien} ~o ~hf} goej"




sfgh~ioy} aeb aev }ev< #F wfjj ~he~ ~hisi ci e Gon* ~he~ av ixf}~ibmi fb ~hf} wosjn ci ej}o eb

ixf}~ibmi oy~}fni ~hi mhefb o` {hv}fmej mey}i} ebn fb e {ysi wosjn o` ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg* ebn

je}~jv* ~he~ av nyse~fob ci ibnji}}4 F `fsajv ecfni cv ~hf}* ebn wfjj bo~ ji~ ~hf} èf~h ci ~edib

`soa ai4 òs fb ~hf} fb}~ebmi ejobi av fb~isi}~* cimey}i F ay}~ bo~ sijex ebv~hfbg o` f~*

fbipf~ecjv ni~isafbi} av lyngiaib~* wf~hoy~ sigesnfbg }o{hf}~sfi}* howipis ybecji F aev ci

~o eb}wis ~hia os ~o o{{o}i ~hia wf~h o~his} aosi {jey}fcji57"


Fb osnis ~o {sipib~ af}mobmi{~fob fb ~hi y}i o` e bo~fob e} vi~ }o yby}yej e} ~he~ o` e èf~h o`

{ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob* ji~ ai ci {isaf~~in ~o enn obi aosi siaesd" F~ afgh~ ejao}~ }iia e} f`

~hf} se~fobej èf~h wisi hisi ebboybmin e} f~}ij` e moaaebn* beaijv* ~he~ wi }hoyjn e}}yai

~hi }yaaya cobya e} {o}}fcji" Cy~ e èf~h ~he~ f} moaaebnin f} bob}ib}i" Ji~ ~hi {siminfbg

ebejv}f}* howipis* ci siaiacisin o` whe~ f} siuyfsin ~o ci }y{{o}in fb ~hi mobmi{~fob o` ~hi

}yaaya cobya* ebn f~ wfjj ci }iib ~he~ f~ mebbo~ ci moaaebnin ~o e}}yai ~hf} {o}}fcfjf~v*

ebn bo {sem~fmej nf}{o}f~fob o` afbn f} siuyfsin ~o enaf~ f~4 cy~ ~he~ }{imyje~fpi sie}ob ay}~mobmini f~ wf~hoy~ cifbg e}din* òs bo obi meb e``fsa ~he~ f~ f} fa{o}}fcji fb f~}ij` ~he~ se~fobej

cifbg} fb ~hi wosjn }hoyjn e~ ~hi }eai ~fai ci wos~hv o` he{{fbi}} fb mobòsaf~v wf~h ~hi

aosej jew ebn ej}o {o}}i}} ~hf} he{{fbi}} {so{os~fobe~ijv" Bow fb si}{im~ o` ~hi `fs}~ ijiaib~

o` ~hi }yaaya cobya* beaijv* ~he~ whfmh mobmisb} aosejf~v* ~hi aosej jew gfpi} aisijv e

moaaebn* ebn ~o noyc~ ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~he~ ijiaib~ woyjn ci ~hi }eai e} ~o mejj fb uyi}~fob

~hi aosej jew f~}ij`"

Cy~ e} sigesn} ~hi }imobn ijiaib~ o` ~he~ oclim~* beaijv* he{{fbi}} {isìm~jv {so{os~fobin ~o

~he~ wos~hfbi}}* f~ f} ~syi ~he~ ~hisi f} bo biin o` e moaaebn ~o enaf~ f~} {o}}fcfjf~v fb gibisej*

òs ~hiosi~fmej sie}ob he} bo~hfbg ~o }ev egefb}~ f~4 cy~ ~hi aebbis fb whfmh wi hepi ~o

mobmifpi ~hf} hesaobv o` ~hi jew} o` be~ysi wf~h ~ho}i o` `siinoa he} fb f~ }oai~hfbg fb

si}{im~ o` whfmh wi hepi e mhofmi* cimey}i ~hiosi~fmej sie}ob nimfni} bo~hfbg wf~h e{onifm~fm

mis~efb~v ecoy~ f~* ebn fb si}{im~ o` ~hf} ~hisi aev ci e aosej fb~isi}~ whfmh ~ysb} ~hi }meji"

F hen }efn ecopi ~he~ fb e aisi moys}i o` be~ysi fb ~hi wosjn eb emmyse~i mossi}{obnibmi

ci~wiib he{{fbi}} ebn aosej wos~h f} bo~ ~o ci ix{im~in ebn ay}~ ci sigesnin e} fa{o}}fcji*

ebn ~he~ ~hisiòsi ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi }yaaya cobya mebbo~ ci enaf~~in `soa ~hf} }fni

ixmi{~ ob ~hi }y{{o}f~fob o` e aosej Ey~hos o` ~hi wosjn" F {ys{o}ijv si}ispin ~hi si}~sfm~fob

o` ~hf} lyngiaib~ ~o ~hi }yclim~fpi mobnf~fob} o` oys sie}ob* fb osnis bo~ ~o aedi y}i o` f~

yb~fj ~hi aebbis o` ~hf} cijfi` }hoyjn ci ni`fbin aosi {simf}ijv" ^hi èm~ f} ~he~ ~hi

fa{o}}fcfjf~v siìssin ~o f} aisijv }yclim~fpi* ~he~ f}* oys sie}ob `fbn} f~ fa{o}}fcji òs f~ ~o

sibnis mobmifpecji fb ~hi wev o` e aisi moys}i o` be~ysi e mobbim~fob }o ixem~jv {so{os~fobinebn }o ~hosoyghjv ene{~in ~o eb ibn* ci~wiib ~wo }i~} o` ipib~} he{{ibfbg emmosnfbg ~o }ymh

57 Fb ~hi Niy~}mhi} Ay}iya* @icsyesv* 5787* ~hisi f} e nf}}is~e~fob cv e pisv }yc~ji ebn mjies!hienin aeb* ~hi

je~i Wf|ibaebb* who}i iesjv nie~h f} ~o ci jeaib~in* fb whfmh hi nf}{y~i} ~hi sfgh~ ~o esgyi `soa e web~ ~o ~hi

oclim~fpi siejf~v o` f~} oclim~* ebn fjjy}~se~i} ~hi {ofb~ cv ~hi ixea{ji o` e aeb fb jopi* who hepfbg òojin

hfa}ij` fb~o eb fnie o` ciey~v* whfmh f} aisijv e mhfaise o` hf} owb csefb* woyjn èfb mobmjyni ~he~ }ymh eb

oclim~ siejjv ixf}~} }oaiwhisi" F uyf~i egsii wf~h hfa fb ~hf}* fb ejj me}i} whisi ~hi web~ f} òybnin ob

fbmjfbe~fob* whfmh mebbo~ bimi}}esfjv {o}~yje~i ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` f~} oclim~ ipib òs ~hi aeb ~he~ f} e`ìm~in cv f~*

aymh ji}} meb f~ mob~efb e niaebn pejfn òs ipisvobi* ebn ~hisiòsi f~ f} aisijv e }yclim~fpi gsoybn o` ~hi wf}h"

Cy~ fb ~hi {si}ib~ me}i wi hepi e web~ o` sie}ob }{sfbgfbg `soa eb oclim~fpi ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji o` ~hi wfjj*

beaijv* ~hi aosej jew* whfmh bimi}}esfjv cfbn} ipisv se~fobej cifbg* ebn ~hisiòsi ly}~f`fi} hfa fb e}}yafbg e

{sfosf fb be~ysi ~hi mobnf~fob} {so{is òs f~* ebn aedi} ~hi je~~is fb}i{esecji `soa ~hi moa{ji~i {sem~fmej y}i o`

sie}ob" F~ f} e ny~v ~o siejf|i ~hi }yaaya cobya ~o ~hi y~ao}~ o` oys {owis* ~hisiòsi f~ ay}~ ci {o}}fcji*mob}iuyib~jv f~ f} ybepofnecji òs ipisv se~fobej cifbg fb ~hi wosjn ~o e}}yai whe~ f} bimi}}esv òs f~} oclim~fpi

{o}}fcfjf~v" ^hi e}}ya{~fob f} e} bimi}}esv e} ~hi aosej jew* fb mobbim~fob wf~h whfmh ejobi f~ f} pejfn"




nf}~fbm~ jew}4 ej~hoygh* e} wf~h ipisv~hfbg ij}i fb be~ysi ~he~ f} ene{~in ~o eb ibn* f~ mebbo~

{sopi* ~he~ f}* }how cv }y``fmfib~ oclim~fpi sie}ob* ~he~ f~ f} bo~ {o}}fcji cv ybfpis}ej jew} o`

be~ysi"

Bow* howipis* e nimfnfbg {sfbmf{ji o` e nf`ìsib~ dfbn moai} fb~o {jev ~o ~ysb ~hi }meji fb ~hf}

ybmis~efb~v o` }{imyje~fpi sie}ob"^hi moaaebn ~o {soao~i ~hi }yaaya cobya f} i}~ecjf}hin ob eb oclim~fpi ce}f} (fb

{sem~fmej sie}ob&4 ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi }eai fb gibisej f} jfdiwf}i i}~ecjf}hin ob eb oclim~fpi

ce}f} (fb ~hiosi~fmej sie}ob* whfmh he} bo~hfbg ~o }ev egefb}~ f~&" Cy~ sie}ob mebbo~ nimfni

oclim~fpijv fb whe~ wev wi esi ~o mobmifpi ~hf} {o}}fcfjf~v4 whi~his cv ybfpis}ej jew} o`

be~ysi wf~hoy~ e wf}i Ey~hos {si}fnfbg opis be~ysi* os objv ob }y{{o}f~fob o` }ymh eb Ey~hos"

Bow hisi ~hisi moai} fb e }yclim~fpi mobnf~fob o` sie}ob* ~hi objv wev ~hiosi~fmejjv {o}}fcji

òs f~* o` mobmifpfbg ~hi ixem~ hesaobv o` ~hi dfbgnoa o` be~ysi wf~h ~hi dfbgnoa o` aosej}*

whfmh f} ~hi mobnf~fob o` ~hi {o}}fcfjf~v o` ~hi }yaaya cobya4 ebn e~ ~hi }eai ~fai ~hi objv

obi mobnymfpi ~o aosejf~v (whfmh ni{ibn} ob eb oclim~fpi jew o` sie}ob&"

Bow }fbmi ~hi {soao~fob o` ~hf} }yaaya cobya* ebn ~hisiòsi ~hi }y{{o}f~fob o` f~}

{o}}fcfjf~v* esi oclim~fpijv bimi}}esv (~hoygh objv e} e si}yj~ o` {sem~fmej sie}ob&* whfji e~ ~hi}eai ~fai ~hi aebbis fb whfmh wi woyjn mobmifpi f~ si}~} wf~h oys owb mhofmi* ebn fb ~hf}

mhofmi e `sii fb~isi}~ o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob nimfni} òs ~hi e}}ya{~fob o` e wf}i Ey~hos o`

~hi wosjn4 f~ f} mjies ~he~ ~hi {sfbmf{ji ~he~ hisifb ni~isafbi} oys lyngiaib~* ~hoygh e} e web~

f~ f} }yclim~fpi* vi~ e~ ~hi }eai ~fai cifbg ~hi aieb} o` {soao~fbg whe~ f} oclim~fpijv

({sem~fmejjv& bimi}}esv* f} ~hi òybne~fob o` e aexfa o` cijfi` fb e aosej {ofb~ o` pfiw* ~he~ f}*

e èf~h o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob" ^hf}* ~hib* f} bo~ moaaebnin* cy~ cifbg e pojyb~esv

ni~isafbe~fob o` oys lyngiaib~* mobnymfpi ~o ~hi aosej (moaaebnin& {ys{o}i* ebn aosiopis

hesaobf|fbg wf~h ~hi ~hiosi~fmej siuyfsiaib~ o` sie}ob* ~o e}}yai ~he~ ixf}~ibmi ebn ~o aedi

f~ ~hi òybne~fob o` oys `ys~his ia{jovaib~ o` sie}ob* f~ he} f~}ij` }{sybg `soa ~hi aosej

nf}{o}f~fob o` afbn4 f~ aev ~hisiòsi e~ ~fai} wepis ipib fb ~hi wijj!nf}{o}in* cy~ meb bipis

ci sinymin ~o ybcijfi`"


FX" O` ~hi Wf}i Ene{~e~fob o` Aeb'} Mogbf~fpi @emyj~fi}

~o hf} [sem~fmej Ni}~fbe~fob

F` hyaeb be~ysi f} ni}~fbin ~o ibniepoys e`~is ~hi }yaaya cobya* wi ay}~ }y{{o}i ej}o ~he~

~hi aie}ysi o` f~} mogbf~fpi èmyj~fi}* ebn {es~fmyjesjv ~hifs sije~fob ~o obi ebo~his* f} }yf~ecji~o ~hf} ibn" Bow ~hi Msf~fuyi o` [ysi ]{imyje~fpi Sie}ob {sopi} ~he~ ~hf} f} fbme{ecji o`

}ojpfbg }e~f}èm~osfjv ~hi ao}~ wifgh~v {socjia} ~he~ esi {so{o}in ~o f~* ej~hoygh f~ noi} bo~

fgbosi ~hi be~ysej ebn fa{os~eb~ hfb~} simifpin `soa ~hi }eai sie}ob* bos ~hi gsie~ }~i{} ~he~

f~ meb aedi ~o e{{soemh ~o ~hf} gsie~ goej ~he~ f} }i~ ciòsi f~* whfmh* howipis* f~ meb bipis

siemh o` f~}ij`* ipib wf~h ~hi hij{ o` ~hi gsie~i}~ dbowjingi o` be~ysi" Be~ysi ~hib }iia} hisi

~o hepi {sopfnin y} objv fb e }~i{ao~hisjv è}hfob wf~h ~hi èmyj~v siuyfsin òs oys ibn"

tCOOD_3zMHE[ÎS_3 R{esegse{h 5;;q

]y{{o}i* bow* ~he~ fb ~hf} ae~~is be~ysi hen mobòsain ~o oys wf}h ebn hen gfpib y} ~he~

me{emf~v o` nf}misbaib~ os ~he~ ibjfgh~ibaib~ whfmh wi woyjn gjenjv {o}}i}}* os whfmh }oaifaegfbi ~hiv em~yejjv {o}}i}}* whe~ woyjn fb ejj {socecfjf~v ci ~hi mob}iuyibmi? Ybji}} oys




whoji be~ysi wisi e~ ~hi }eai ~fai mhebgin* oys fbmjfbe~fob}* whfmh ejwev} hepi ~hi `fs}~

wosn* woyjn `fs}~ o` ejj niaebn ~hifs owb }e~f}èm~fob* ebn* lofbin wf~h se~fobej si`jim~fob* ~hi

gsie~i}~ {o}}fcji ebn ao}~ je}~fbg }e~f}èm~fob* ybnis ~hi beai o` he{{fbi}}4 ~hi aosej jew

woyjn e`~iswesn} }{ied* fb osnis ~o dii{ ~hia wf~hfb ~hifs {so{is coybn}* ebn ipib ~o }yclim~

~hia ejj ~o e hfghis ibn* whfmh he} bo sigesn ~o fbmjfbe~fob" Cy~ fb}~ien o` ~hi mob`jfm~ ~he~ ~hi

aosej nf}{o}f~fob he} bow ~o messv ob wf~h ~hi fbmjfbe~fob}* fb whfmh* ~hoygh e`~is }oainiìe~}* aosej }~sibg~h o` afbn aev ci gsenyejjv emuyfsin* Gon ebn i~isbf~v wf~h ~hifs ew`yj

aeli}~v woyjn }~ebn ybmie}fbgjv ciòsi oys ivi} (òs whe~ wi meb {sopi {isìm~jv f} ~o y} e}

mis~efb e} ~he~ o` whfmh wi esi e}}ysin cv ~hi }fgh~ o` oys ivi}&" ^seb}gsi}}fob o` ~hi jew*

woyjn* bo noyc~* ci epofnin4 whe~ f} moaaebnin woyjn ci nobi4 cy~ ~hi aib~ej nf}{o}f~fob*

`soa whfmh em~fob} oygh~ ~o {somiin* mebbo~ ci fb`y}in cv ebv moaaebn* ebn fb ~hf} me}i ~hi

}{ys o` em~fob f} ipis em~fpi ebn ix~isbej* }o ~he~ sie}ob he} bo biin ~o ixis~ f~}ij` fb osnis ~o

ge~his }~sibg~h ~o si}f}~ ~hi fbmjfbe~fob} cv e jfpijv si{si}ib~e~fob o` ~hi nfgbf~v o` ~hi jew<

hibmi ao}~ o` ~hi em~fob} ~he~ mobòsain ~o ~hi jew woyjn ci nobi `soa ìes* e ìw objv `soa

ho{i* ebn bobi e~ ejj `soa ny~v* ebn ~hi aosej wos~h o` em~fob}* ob whfmh ejobi fb ~hi ivi} o`

}y{siai wf}noa ~hi wos~h o` ~hi {is}ob ebn ipib ~he~ o` ~hi wosjn ni{ibn}* woyjn mie}i ~o

ixf}~" E} jobg e} ~hi be~ysi o` aeb siaefb} whe~ f~ f}* hf} mobnym~ woyjn ~hy} ci mhebgin fb~oaisi aimhebf}a* fb whfmh* e} fb e {y{{i~!}how* ipisv~hfbg woyjn gi}~fmyje~i wijj* cy~ ~hisi

woyjn ci bo jfì fb ~hi `fgysi}" Bow* whib f~ f} uyf~i o~hiswf}i wf~h y}* whib wf~h ejj ~hi

i`òs~ o` oys sie}ob wi hepi objv e pisv oc}mysi ebn noyc~`yj pfiw fb~o ~hi `y~ysi* whib ~hi

Gopisbos o` ~hi wosjn ejjow} y} objv ~o moblim~ysi hf} ixf}~ibmi ebn hf} aeli}~v* bo~ ~o

cihojn ~hia os {sopi ~hia mjiesjv4 ebn ob ~hi o~his hebn* ~hi aosej jew wf~hfb y}* wf~hoy~

{soaf}fbg os ~hsie~ibfbg ebv~hfbg wf~h mis~efb~v* niaebn} o` y} nf}fb~isi}~in si}{im~4 ebn

objv whib ~hf} si}{im~ he} cimoai em~fpi ebn noafbeb~* noi} f~ ejjow y} cv aieb} o` f~ e

{so}{im~ fb~o ~hi wosjn o` ~hi }y{is}ib}fcji* ebn ~hib objv wf~h wied gjebmi}< ejj ~hf} cifbg

}o* ~hisi f} sooa òs ~syi aosej nf}{o}f~fob* faainfe~ijv nipo~in ~o ~hi jew* ebn e se~fobej

msie~ysi meb cimoai wos~hv o` }hesfbg fb ~hi }yaaya cobya ~he~ mossi}{obn} ~o ~hi wos~h

o` hf} {is}ob ebn bo~ aisijv ~o hf} em~fob}" ^hy} whe~ ~hi }~ynv o` be~ysi ebn o` aeb ~iemhi}

y} }y``fmfib~jv ij}iwhisi aev wijj ci ~syi hisi ej}o4 ~he~ ~hi yb}iesmhecji wf}noa cv whfmh

wi ixf}~ f} bo~ ji}} wos~hv o` enafse~fob fb whe~ f~ he} nibfin ~heb fb whe~ f~ he} gseb~in"

[ES^_3zAI^HONOJOGV

]IMOBN [ES^

Ai~honojogv o` [ysi [sem~fmej Sie}ob

Cv ~hi ai~honojogv o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob wi esi bo~ ~o ybnis}~ebn ~hi aoni o` {somiinfbg

wf~h {ysi {sem~fmej {sfbmf{ji} (whi~his fb }~ynv os fb ix{o}f~fob&* wf~h e pfiw ~o e }mfib~f`fm

dbowjingi o` ~hia* whfmh ejobi f} whe~ f} {so{isjv mejjin ai~hon ij}iwhisi fb ~hiosi~fmej

{hfjo}o{hv (òs {o{yjes dbowjingi siuyfsi} e aebbis* }mfibmi e ai~hon* f"i"* e {somi}}

emmosnfbg ~o {sfbmf{ji} o` sie}ob cv whfmh ejobi ~hi aebfòjn o` ebv csebmh o` dbowjingi

meb cimoai e }v}~ia&" Ob ~hi mob~sesv* cv ~hf} ai~honojogv f} ybnis}~oon ~hi aoni fb whfmh

wi meb gfpi ~hi jew} o` {ysi {sem~fmej sie}ob emmi}} ~o ~hi hyaeb afbn ebn fb`jyibmi ob f~}

aexfa}* ~he~ f}* cv whfmh wi meb aedi ~hi oclim~fpijv {sem~fmej sie}ob }yclim~fpijv {sem~fmej

ej}o"




Bow f~ f} mjies iboygh ~he~ ~ho}i ni~isafbfbg {sfbmf{ji} o` ~hi wfjj whfmh ejobi aedi aexfa}

{so{isjv aosej ebn gfpi ~hia e aosej wos~h* beaijv* ~hi nfsim~ mobmi{~fob o` ~hi jew ebn ~hi

oclim~fpi bimi}}f~v o` ocivfbg f~ e} oys ny~v* ay}~ ci sigesnin e} ~hi {so{is }{sfbg} o`

em~fob}* }fbmi o~hiswf}i jigejf~v o` em~fob} afgh~ ci {sonymin* cy~ bo~ aosejf~v o` mhesem~is"

Cy~ f~ f} bo~ }o mjies4 ob ~hi mob~sesv* f~ ay}~ e~ `fs}~ }fgh~ }iia ~o ipisv obi pisv fa{socecji

~he~ ipib }yclim~fpijv ~he~ ixhfcf~fob o` {ysi pfs~yi meb hepi aosi {owis opis ~hi hyaebafbn* ebn }y{{jv e ès }~sobgis }{sfbg ipib òs i`ìm~fbg ~he~ jigejf~v o` em~fob}* ebn meb

{sonymi aosi {owis`yj si}ojy~fob} ~o {siìs ~hi jew* `soa {ysi si}{im~ òs f~* ~o ipisv o~his

mob}fnise~fob* ~heb ejj ~hi nimi{~fpi ejjysiaib~} o` {jie}ysi os o` ejj ~he~ aev ci simdobin e}

he{{fbi}}* os ipib ~heb ejj ~hsie~ibfbg} o` {efb ebn af}òs~ybi" Bipis~hiji}}* ~hf} f} em~yejjv

~hi me}i* ebn f` hyaeb be~ysi wisi bo~ }o mob}~f~y~in* bo aoni o` {si}ib~fbg ~hi jew cv

soybnecoy~ wev} ebn fbnfsim~ simoaaibne~fob} woyjn ipis {sonymi aosejf~v o` mhesem~is"

Ejj woyjn ci }fa{ji hv{omsf}v4 ~hi jew woyjn ci he~in* os e~ jie}~ ni}{f}in* whfji f~ we}

òjjowin òs ~hi }edi o` obi'} owb enpeb~egi" ^hi ji~~is o` ~hi jew (jigejf~v& woyjn ci òybn

fb oys em~fob}* cy~ bo~ ~hi }{fsf~ o` f~ fb oys afbn} (aosejf~v&4 ebn e} wf~h ejj oys i`òs~} wi

moyjn bo~ uyf~i `sii oys}ijpi} `soa sie}ob fb oys lyngiaib~* wi ay}~ fbipf~ecjv e{{ies fb oys

owb ivi} wos~hji}}* ni{sepin aib* ipib ~hoygh wi }hoyjn }iid ~o moa{ib}e~i oys}ijpi} òs ~hf} aos~f`fme~fob ciòsi ~hi fbbis ~sfcybej* cv iblovfbg ~hi {jie}ysi ~he~ e }y{{o}in be~ysej os

nfpfbi jew afgh~ ci faegfbin ~o hepi mobbim~in wf~h f~ e }os~ o` {ojfmi aemhfbisv* sigyje~fbg

f~} o{ise~fob} cv whe~ we} nobi wf~hoy~ ~soycjfbg f~}ij` ecoy~ ~hi ao~fpi} òs nofbg f~"

F~ mebbo~ fbniin ci nibfin ~he~ fb osnis ~o csfbg eb ybmyj~fpe~in os nigsenin afbn fb~o ~hi

~semd o` aosej goonbi}} }oai {si{ese~osv gyfnebmi f} bimi}}esv* ~o e~~sem~ f~ cv e pfiw o` f~}

owb enpeb~egi* os ~o ejesa f~ cv ìes o` jo}}4 cy~ e} }oob e} ~hf} aimhebfmej wosd* ~hi}i

jienfbg!}~sfbg} hepi {sonymin }oai i`ìm~* ~hib wi ay}~ csfbg ciòsi ~hi afbn ~hi {ysi aosej

ao~fpi* whfmh* bo~ objv cimey}i f~ f} ~hi objv obi ~he~ meb ci ~hi òybne~fob o` e mhesem~is (e

{sem~fmejjv mob}f}~ib~ hecf~ o` afbn wf~h ybmhebgiecji aexfa}&* cy~ ej}o cimey}i f~ ~iemhi} e

aeb ~o ìij hf} owb nfgbf~v* gfpi} ~hi afbn e {owis ybix{im~in ipib cv hfa}ij`* ~o ~ies

hfa}ij` `soa ejj }ib}fcji e~~emhaib~} }o ès e} ~hiv woyjn èfb hepi ~hi syji* ebn ~o `fbn e sfmh

moa{ib}e~fob òs ~hi }emsf`fmi hi o`ìs}* fb ~hi fbni{ibnibmi o` hf} se~fobej be~ysi ebn ~hi

gsie~bi}} o` }oyj ~o whfmh hi }ii} ~he~ hi f} ni}~fbin" Wi wfjj ~hisiòsi }how* cv }ymh

oc}ispe~fob} e} ipisv obi meb aedi* ~he~ ~hf} {so{is~v o` oys afbn}* ~hf} simi{~fpf~v òs e {ysi

aosej fb~isi}~* ebn mob}iuyib~jv ~hi aopfbg òsmi o` ~hi {ysi mobmi{~fob o` pfs~yi* whib f~ f}

{so{isjv e{{jfin ~o ~hi hyaeb hies~* f} ~hi ao}~ {owis`yj }{sfbg ebn* whib e mob~fbyin ebn

{ybm~yej oc}ispebmi o` aosej aexfa} f} fb uyi}~fob* ~hi objv }{sfbg o` goon mobnym~" F~ ay}~*

howipis* ci siaiacisin ~he~ f` ~hi}i oc}ispe~fob} objv {sopi ~hi siejf~v o` }ymh e ìijfbg*

cy~ no bo~ }how ebv aosej fa{sopiaib~ csoygh~ ecoy~ cv f~* ~hf} f} bo esgyaib~ egefb}~ ~hi

objv ai~hon ~he~ ixf}~} o` aedfbg ~hi oclim~fpijv {sem~fmej jew} o` {ysi sie}ob }yclim~fpijv {sem~fmej* ~hsoygh ~hi aisi òsmi o` ~hi mobmi{~fob o` ny~v4 bos noi} f~ {sopi ~he~ ~hf} ai~hon

f} e pefb nijy}fob" @os e} f~ he} bipis vi~ moai fb~o pogyi* ix{isfibmi meb }ev bo~hfbg o` f~}

si}yj~}4 obi meb objv e}d òs {soo`} o` ~hi simi{~fpf~v òs }ymh }{sfbg}* ebn ~hi}i F wfjj bow

csfi`jv {si}ib~* ebn ~hib }di~mh ~hi ai~hon o` òybnfbg ebn myj~fpe~fbg gibyfbi aosej

nf}{o}f~fob}"

t[ES^_3zAI^HONOJOGV R{esegse{h 9q

Whib wi e~~ibn ~o ~hi moys}i o` mobpis}e~fob fb afxin moa{ebfi}* mob}f}~fbg bo~ aisijv o`

jiesbin {is}ob} ebn }yc~ji sie}obis}* cy~ ej}o o` aib o` cy}fbi}} os o` woaib* wi oc}ispi

~he~* ci}fni} }~osv!~ijjfbg ebn li}~fbg* ebo~his dfbn o` ib~is~efbaib~ `fbn} e {jemi fb ~hia*beaijv* esgyaib~4 òs }~osfi}* f` ~hiv esi ~o hepi bopij~v ebn fb~isi}~* esi }oob ixhey}~in* ebn




li}~fbg f} jfdijv ~o cimoai fb}f{fn" Bow o` ejj esgyaib~ ~hisi f} bobi fb whfmh {is}ob} esi

aosi sienv ~o lofb who `fbn ebv o~his }yc~ji nf}my}}fob ~infoy}* bobi ~he~ csfbg} aosi

jfpijfbi}} fb~o ~hi moa{ebv* ~heb ~he~ whfmh mobmisb} ~hi aosej wos~h o` ~hf} os ~he~ em~fob cv

whfmh ~hi mhesem~is o` }oai {is}ob f} ~o ci aeni oy~" [is}ob}* ~o whoa fb o~his me}i}

ebv~hfbg }yc~ji ebn }{imyje~fpi fb ~hiosi~fmej uyi}~fob} f} nsv ebn fsd}oai* {si}ib~jv lofb fb

whib ~hi uyi}~fob f} ~o aedi oy~ ~hi aosej fa{os~ o` e goon os cen em~fob ~he~ he} ciibsije~in* ebn ~hiv nf}{jev eb ixem~bi}}* e si`fbiaib~* e }yc~ji~v* fb ixmogf~e~fbg ipisv~hfbg ~he~

meb ji}}ib ~hi {ysf~v o` {ys{o}i* ebn mob}iuyib~jv ~hi nigsii o` pfs~yi fb f~* whfmh wi no bo~

ix{im~ `soa ~hia fb ebv o~his dfbn o` }{imyje~fob" Fb ~hi}i msf~fmf}a}* {is}ob} who esi

{e}}fbg lyngiaib~ ob o~his} o`~ib sipiej ~hifs owb mhesem~is< }oai* fb ixismf}fbg ~hifs

lynfmfej o``fmi* i}{imfejjv y{ob ~hi nien* }iia fbmjfbin mhfi`jv ~o niìbn ~hi goonbi}} ~he~ f}

sije~in o` ~hf} os ~he~ niin egefb}~ ejj fblysfoy} mhesgi} o` fb}fbmisf~v* ebn yj~fae~ijv ~o niìbn

~hi whoji aosej wos~h o` ~hi {is}ob egefb}~ ~hi si{soemh o` nf}}fayje~fob ebn }imsi~

wfmdinbi}}4 o~his}* ob ~hi mob~sesv* ~ysb ~hifs ~hoygh~} aosi y{ob e~~emdfbg ~hf} wos~h cv

emmy}e~fob ebn èyj~ `fbnfbg" Wi mebbo~ ejwev}* howipis* e~~sfcy~i ~o ~hi}i je~~is ~hi fb~ib~fob

o` esgyfbg ewev pfs~yi ej~ogi~his oy~ o` ejj hyaeb ixea{ji} fb osnis ~o aedi f~ eb ia{~v

beai4 o`~ib* ob ~hi mob~sesv* f~ f} objv wijj!aieb~ }~sfm~bi}} fb ni~isafbfbg ~hi ~syi aosejfa{os~ o` em~fob} emmosnfbg ~o eb ybmoa{soaf}fbg jew" Moa{esf}ob wf~h }ymh e jew* fb}~ien

o` wf~h ixea{ji}* jowis} }ij`!mobmif~ fb aosej ae~~is} pisv aymh* ebn bo~ aisijv ~iemhi}

hyafjf~v* cy~ aedi} ipisv obi ìij f~ whib hi ixeafbi} hfa}ij` mjo}ijv" Bipis~hiji}}* wi meb

òs ~hi ao}~ {es~ oc}ispi* fb ~ho}i who niìbn ~hi {ysf~v o` {ys{o}i fb gfpfbg ixea{ji} ~he~

whisi ~hisi f} ~hi {si}ya{~fob o` y{sfgh~bi}} ~hiv esi ebxfoy} ~o siaopi ipib ~hi jie}~ }{o~*

ji}~* f` ejj ixea{ji} hen ~hifs ~sy~h`yjbi}} nf}{y~in* ebn f` ~hi {ysf~v o` ejj hyaeb pfs~yi wisi

nibfin* f~ afgh~ fb ~hi ibn ci sigesnin e} e aisi {heb~oa* ebn }o ejj i`òs~ ~o e~~efb f~ ci

aeni jfgh~ o` e} pefb e`ìm~e~fob ebn nijy}fpi mobmif~"

F no bo~ dbow whv ~hi inyme~os} o` voy~h hepi bo~ jobg }fbmi aeni y}i o` ~hf} {so{ib}f~v o`

sie}ob ~o ib~is wf~h {jie}ysi y{ob ~hi ao}~ }yc~ji ixeafbe~fob o` ~hi {sem~fmej uyi}~fob} ~he~

esi ~hsowb y{4 ebn whv ~hiv hepi bo~* e`~is `fs}~ jevfbg ~hi òybne~fob o` e {ysijv aosej

me~imhf}a* }iesmhin ~hsoygh ~hi cfogse{hfi} o` ebmfib~ ebn aonisb ~fai} wf~h ~hi pfiw o`

hepfbg e~ hebn fb}~ebmi} o` ~hi ny~fi} jefn nowb* fb whfmh* i}{imfejjv cv moa{esf}ob o`

}fafjes em~fob} ybnis nf`ìsib~ mfsmya}~ebmi}* ~hiv afgh~ ixismf}i ~hi msf~fmej lyngiaib~ o`

~hifs }mhojes} fb siaesdfbg ~hifs gsie~is os ji}} aosej }fgbf`fmebmi" ^hf} f} e ~hfbg fb whfmh

~hiv woyjn `fbn ~he~ ipib iesjv voy~h* whfmh f} }~fjj ybsf{i òs }{imyje~fob o` o~his dfbn}*

woyjn }oob Cimoai pisv emy~i ebn bo~ e jf~~ji fb~isi}~in* cimey}i f~ ìij} ~hi {sogsi}} o` f~}

èmyj~v o` lyngiaib~4 ebn* whe~ f} ao}~ fa{os~eb~* ~hiv moyjn ho{i wf~h mob`fnibmi ~he~ ~hi

`siuyib~ {sem~fmi o` dbowfbg ebn e{{sopfbg goon mobnym~ fb ejj f~} {ysf~v* ebn ob ~hi o~his

hebn o` siaesdfbg wf~h sigsi~ os mob~ia{~ ~hi jie}~ nipfe~fob `soa f~* ej~hoygh f~ aev ci {ys}yin objv e} e }{os~ fb whfmh mhfjnsib aev moa{i~i wf~h obi ebo~his* vi~ wfjj jiepi e

je}~fbg fa{si}}fob o` i}~iia ob ~hi obi hebn ebn nf}gy}~ ob ~hi o~his4 ebn }o* cv ~hi aisi

hecf~ o` joodfbg ob }ymh em~fob} e} ni}ispfbg e{{sopej os cjeai* e goon òybne~fob woyjn ci

jefn òs y{sfgh~bi}} fb ~hi `y~ysi moys}i o` jfì" Objv F wf}h ~hiv woyjn }{esi ~hia ~hi

ixea{ji o` }o!mejjin bocji (}y{isaisf~osfoy}& em~fob}* fb whfmh oys }ib~faib~ej cood} }o

aymh ecoybn* ebn woyjn siìs ejj ~o ny~v aisijv* ebn ~o ~hi wos~h ~he~ e aeb meb ebn ay}~

gfpi hfa}ij` fb hf} owb ivi} cv ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` bo~ hepfbg ~seb}gsi}}in f~* }fbmi

whe~ipis syb} y{ fb~o ia{~v wf}hi} ebn jobgfbg} e`~is fbemmi}}fcji {isìm~fob {sonymi} aisi

hisoi} o` soaebmi* who* whfji ~hiv {fuyi ~hia}ijpi} ob ~hifs ìijfbg òs ~seb}mibnib~




gsie~bi}}* sijie}i ~hia}ijpi} fb si~ysb `soa ~hi oc}ispebmi o` moaaob ebn ipisv!nev

ocjfge~fob}* whfmh ~hib }iia ~o ~hia {i~~v ebn fb}fgbf`fmeb~58"

t[ES^_3zAI^HONOJOGV R{esegse{h5;q

Cy~ f` f~ f} e}din< #Whe~* ~hib* f} siejjv {ysi aosejf~v* cv whfmh e} e ~oymh}~obi wi ay}~ ~i}~

~hi aosej }fgbf`fmebmi o` ipisv em~fob*# ~hib F ay}~ enaf~ ~he~ f~ f} objv {hfjo}o{his} ~he~ meb

aedi ~hi nimf}fob o` ~hf} uyi}~fob noyc~`yj* òs ~o moaaob }ib}i f~ he} ciib nimfnin jobg

ego* bo~ fbniin cv ec}~sem~ gibisej òsayjei* cy~ cv hecf~yej y}i* jfdi ~hi nf}~fbm~fob ci~wiib

~hi sfgh~ ebn ji`~ hebn" Wi wfjj ~hib {ofb~ oy~ ~hi msf~isfob o` {ysi pfs~yi fb eb ixea{ji `fs}~*

ebn* faegfbfbg ~he~ f~ f} }i~ ciòsi e cov* o` }ev ~ib vies} ojn* òs hf} lyngiaib~* wi wfjj }ii

whi~his hi woyjn bimi}}esfjv lyngi }o o` hfa}ij` wf~hoy~ cifbg gyfnin cv hf} ~iemhis"

îjj hfa ~hi hf}~osv o` eb hobi}~ aeb whoa aib web~ ~o {is}yeni ~olofb ~hi mejyabfe~os} o`

eb fbbomib~ ebn {owisji}} {is}ob (}ev Ebbi Cojivb* emmy}in cv Hibsv PFFF o` Ibgjebn&" Hi

f} o`ìsin enpeb~egi}* gsie~ gf`~}* os hfgh sebd4 hi silim~} ~hia" ^hf} wfjj ixmf~i aisie{{soce~fob ebn e{{jey}i fb ~hi afbn o` ~hi hiesis" Bow cigfb} ~hi ~hsie~ibfbg o` jo}}"

Eaobg}~ ~hi}i ~senymis} esi hf} ci}~ `sfibn}* who bow siboybmi hf} `sfibn}hf{4 bies dfb}òjd*

who ~hsie~ib ~o nf}fbhisf~ hfa (hi cifbg wf~hoy~ òs~ybi&4 {owis`yj {is}ob}* who meb

{is}imy~i ebn hese}} hfa fb ejj {jemi} ebn mfsmya}~ebmi}4 e {sfbmi* who ~hsie~ib} hfa wf~h

jo}} o` `siinoa* vie* jo}} o` jfì" ^hib ~o `fjj ~hi aie}ysi o` }y`ìsfbg* ebn ~he~ hi aev ìij

~hi {efb ~he~ objv ~hi aosejjv goon hies~ meb ìij pisv nii{jv* ji~ y} mobmifpi hf} èafjv

~hsie~ibin wf~h ix~siai nf}~si}} ebn web~* ib~sie~fbg hfa ~o vfijn4 mobmifpi hfa}ij`* ~hoygh

y{sfgh~* vi~ wf~h ìijfbg} bo~ hesn os fb}ib}fcji if~his ~o moa{e}}fob os ~o hf} owb nf}~si}}4

mobmifpi hfa* F }ev* e~ ~hi aoaib~ whib hi wf}hi} ~he~ hi hen bipis jfpin ~o }ii ~hi nev ~he~

ix{o}in hfa ~o }ymh yby~~isecji ebgyf}h* vi~ siaefbfbg ~syi ~o hf} y{sfgh~bi}} o` {ys{o}i*

wf~hoy~ wepisfbg os ipib noyc~fbg4 ~hib wfjj av voy~h`yj hiesis ci sef}in gsenyejjv `soa

aisi e{{sopej ~o enafse~fob* `soa ~he~ ~o eae|iaib~* ebn `fbejjv ~o ~hi gsie~i}~ pibise~fob*

ebn e jfpijv wf}h ~he~ ci hfa}ij` moyjn ci }ymh e aeb (~hoygh mis~efbjv bo~ fb }ymh

mfsmya}~ebmi}&" Vi~ pfs~yi f} hisi wos~h }o aymh objv cimey}i f~ mo}~} }o aymh* bo~ cimey}i f~

csfbg} ebv {so`f~" Ejj ~hi enafse~fob* ebn ipib ~hi ibniepoys ~o si}iacji ~hf} mhesem~is* si}~

whojjv ob ~hi {ysf~v o` ~hi aosej {sfbmf{ji* whfmh meb objv ci }~sfdfbgjv }howb cv siaopfbg

`soa ~hi }{sfbg} o` em~fob ipisv~hfbg ~he~ aib aev sigesn e} {es~ o` he{{fbi}}" Aosejf~v*

~hib* ay}~ hepi ~hi aosi {owis opis ~hi hyaeb hies~ ~hi aosi {ysijv f~ f} ixhfcf~in" Whibmi

f~ òjjow} ~he~* f` ~hi jew o` aosejf~v ebn ~hi faegi o` hojfbi}} ebn pfs~yi esi ~o ixismf}i ebv

fb`jyibmi e~ ejj ob oys }oyj}* ~hiv meb no }o objv }o ès e} ~hiv esi jefn ~o hies~ fb ~hifs {ysf~v

e} ao~fpi}* ybafxin wf~h ebv pfiw ~o {so}{isf~v* òs f~ f} fb }y`ìsfbg ~he~ ~hiv nf}{jev~hia}ijpi} ao}~ bocjv" Bow ~he~ who}i siaopej }~sibg~hib} ~hi i`ìm~ o` e aopfbg òsmi

ay}~ hepi ciib e hfbnsebmi* mob}iuyib~jv ipisv enafx~ysi o` ao~fpi} ~edib `soa oys owb

he{{fbi}} f} e hfbnsebmi ~o ~hi fb`jyibmi o` ~hi aosej jew ob ~hi hies~" F e``fsa `ys~his ~he~

ipib fb ~he~ enafsin em~fob* f` ~hi ao~fpi `soa whfmh f~ we} nobi we} e hfgh sigesn òs ny~v*

~hib f~ f} ly}~ ~hf} si}{im~ òs ~hi jew ~he~ he} ~hi gsie~i}~ fb`jyibmi ob ~hi afbn o` ~hi

}{im~e~os* bo~ ebv {si~ib}fob ~o e }y{{o}in fbwesn gsie~bi}} o` afbn os bocji aisf~osfoy}

58 F~ f} uyf~i {so{is ~o ix~oj em~fob} ~he~ nf}{jev e gsie~* yb}ij`f}h* }va{e~hf|fbg afbn os hyaebf~v" Cy~* fb ~hf}

me}i* wi ay}~ `fx e~~ib~fob bo~ }o aymh ob ~hi ijipe~fob o` }oyj* whfmh f} pisv `jii~fbg ebn ~seb}f~osv* e} ob ~hi

}yclim~fob o` ~hi hies~ ~o ny~v* `soa whfmh e aosi ibnysfbg fa{si}}fob aev ci ix{im~in* cimey}i ~hf} fa{jfi}

{sfbmf{ji (whisie} ~hi òsais objv fa{jfi} icyjjf~fob}&" Obi biin objv si`jim~ e jf~~ji ebn hi wfjj ejwev} `fbn e

nic~ ~he~ hi he} cv }oai aieb} fbmyssin ~owesn} ~hi hyaeb semi (ipib f` f~ wisi objv ~hf}* cv ~hi fbiuyejf~v o` aib fb ~hi mfpfj mob}~f~y~fob* iblov} enpeb~egi} ob emmoyb~ o` whfmh o~his} ay}~ ci ~hi aosi fb web~&* whfmh

wfjj {sipib~ ~hi ~hoygh~ o` ny~v `soa cifbg si{si}}in cv ~hi }ij`!moa{jemib~ faegfbe~fob o` aisf~"




}ib~faib~}4 mob}iuyib~jv ny~v* bo~ aisf~* ay}~ hepi bo~ objv ~hi ao}~ ni`fbf~i* cy~* whib f~ f}

si{si}ib~in fb ~hi ~syi jfgh~ o` f~} fbpfojecfjf~v* ~hi ao}~ {ibi~se~fbg* fb`jyibmi ob ~hi afbn"

F~ f} aosi bimi}}esv ~heb ipis ~o nfsim~ e~~ib~fob ~o ~hf} ai~hon fb oys ~fai}* whib aib ho{i

~o {sonymi aosi i`ìm~ ob ~hi afbn wf~h }o`~* ~ibnis ìijfbg}* os hfgh!`jowb* {y``fbg!y{

{si~ib}fob}* whfmh se~his wf~his ~hi hies~ ~heb }~sibg~hib f~* ~heb cv e {jefb ebn iesbi}~si{si}ib~e~fob o` ny~v* whfmh f} aosi }yf~in ~o hyaeb fa{isìm~fob ebn ~o {sogsi}} fb

goonbi}}" ô }i~ ciòsi mhfjnsib* e} e {e~~isb* em~fob} ~he~ esi mejjin bocji* aegbebfaoy}*

aisf~osfoy}* wf~h ~hi bo~fob o` me{~fpe~fbg ~hia cv fb`y}fbg ib~hy}fe}a òs }ymh em~fob}* f} ~o

niìe~ oys ibn" @os e} ~hiv esi }~fjj }o cemdwesn fb ~hi oc}ispebmi o` ~hi moaaobi}~ ny~v* ebn

ipib fb ~hi mossim~ i}~fae~fob o` f~* ~hf} aieb} }fa{jv ~o aedi ~hia èb~e}~fmej soaebmis}

ci~fai}" Cy~* ipib wf~h ~hi fb}~sym~in ebn ix{isfibmin {es~ o` aebdfbn* ~hf} }y{{o}in }{sfbg

he}* f` bo~ eb fblysfoy}* e~ jie}~ bo gibyfbi* aosej i`ìm~ ob ~hi hies~* whfmh* howipis* f} whe~

f~ we} ni}fsin ~o {sonymi"

Ejj ìijfbg}* i}{imfejjv ~ho}i ~he~ esi ~o {sonymi ybwob~in ixis~fob}* ay}~ emmoa{jf}h ~hifs

i`ìm~ e~ ~hi aoaib~ ~hiv esi e~ ~hifs hifgh~ ebn ciòsi ~hi meja nowb4 o~hiswf}i ~hiv i`ìm~bo~hfbg4 òs e} ~hisi we} bo~hfbg ~o }~sibg~hib ~hi hies~* cy~ objv ~o ixmf~i f~* f~ be~ysejjv

si~ysb} ~o f~} bosaej aonise~i ~obi ebn* ~hy}* èjj} cemd fb~o f~} {sipfoy} jebgyos" [sfbmf{ji}

ay}~ ci cyfj~ ob mobmi{~fob}4 ob ebv o~his ce}f} ~hisi meb objv ci {esoxv}a}* whfmh meb gfpi

~hi {is}ob bo aosej wos~h* bev* bo~ ipib mob`fnibmi fb hfa}ij`* wf~hoy~ whfmh ~hi hfghi}~

goon fb aeb* mob}mfoy}bi}} o` ~hi aosejf~v o` hf} afbn ebn mhesem~is* mebbo~ ixf}~" Bow f`

~hi}i mobmi{~fob} esi ~o cimoai }yclim~fpijv {sem~fmej* wi ay}~ bo~ si}~ }e~f}`fin wf~h

enafsfbg ~hi oclim~fpi jew o` aosejf~v* ebn i}~iiafbg f~ hfghjv fb siìsibmi ~o hyaebf~v* cy~

wi ay}~ mob}fnis ~hi mobmi{~fob o` f~ fb sije~fob ~o aeb e} eb fbnfpfnyej* ebn ~hib ~hf} jew

e{{ies} fb e òsa fbniin ~he~ f} hfghjv ni}ispfbg o` si}{im~* cy~ bo~ }o {jie}eb~ e} f` f~

cijobgin ~o ~hi ijiaib~ ~o whfmh hi f} be~ysejjv emmy}~oain4 cy~ ob ~hi mob~sesv e} o`~ib

moa{ijjfbg hfa ~o uyf~ ~hf} ijiaib~* bo~ wf~hoy~ }ij`!nibfej* ebn ~o ci~edi hfa}ij` ~o e hfghis*

fb whfmh hi meb objv aefb~efb hfa}ij` wf~h ~soycji ebn wf~h ybmie}fbg e{{sihib}fob o` e

sije{}i" Fb e wosn* ~hi aosej jew niaebn} ocinfibmi* `soa ny~v bo~ `soa {sinfjim~fob* whfmh

mebbo~ ebn oygh~ bo~ ~o ci {si}y{{o}in e~ ejj"

Ji~ y} bow }ii* fb eb ixea{ji* whi~his ~hi mobmi{~fob o` eb em~fob* e} e bocji ebn

aegbebfaoy} obi* he} aosi }yclim~fpi aopfbg {owis ~heb f` ~hi em~fob f} mobmifpin aisijv

e} ny~v fb sije~fob ~o ~hi }ojiab jew o` aosejf~v" ^hi em~fob cv whfmh e aeb ibniepoys} e~

~hi gsie~i}~ {isfj o` jfì ~o si}myi {io{ji `soa }hf{wsimd* e~ je}~ jo}fbg hf} jfì fb ~hi e~~ia{~*

f} simdobin ob obi }fni e} ny~v* cy~ ob ~hi o~his ebn òs ~hi ao}~ {es~ e} e aisf~osfoy} em~fob*

cy~ oys i}~iia òs f~ f} aymh wiedibin cv ~hi bo~fob o` ny~v ~o hfa}ij` hfmh }iia} fb ~hf}me}i ~o ci }oaiwhe~ fb`sfbgin" Aosi nimf}fpi f} ~hi aegbebfaoy} }emsf`fmi o` jfì òs ~hi

}eì~v o` obi'} moyb~sv4 ebn vi~ ~hisi }~fjj siaefb} }oai }msy{ji whi~his f~ f} e {isìm~ ny~v ~o

nipo~i obi'} }ij` ~o ~hf} {ys{o}i }{ob~ebioy}jv ebn ybcfnnib* ebn ~hi em~fob he} bo~ fb f~}ij`

~hi `yjj òsmi o` e {e~~isb ebn fa{yj}i ~o faf~e~fob" Cy~ f` eb fbnf}{ib}ecji ny~v ci fb uyi}~fob*

~hi ~seb}gsi}}fob o` whfmh pfoje~i} ~hi aosej jew f~}ij`* ebn wf~hoy~ sigesn ~o ~hi wijèsi o`

aebdfbn* ebn e} f~ wisi ~sea{ji} ob f~} hojfbi}} (}ymh e} esi y}yejjv mejjin ny~fi} ~o Gon*

cimey}i fb Hfa wi mobmifpi ~hi fniej o` hojfbi}} fb }yc}~ebmi&* ~hib wi gfpi oys ao}~ {isìm~

i}~iia ~o ~hi {ys}yf~ o` f~ e~ ~hi }emsf`fmi o` ejj ~he~ meb hepi ebv pejyi òs ~hi niesi}~

fbmjfbe~fob}* ebn wi `fbn oys }oyj }~sibg~hibin ebn ijipe~in cv }ymh eb ixea{ji* whib wi

mobpfbmi oys}ijpi} cv mob~ia{je~fob o` f~ ~he~ hyaeb be~ysi f} me{ecji o` }o gsie~ eb

ijipe~fob ecopi ipisv ao~fpi ~he~ be~ysi meb o{{o}i ~o f~"




Lypibej ni}msfci} }ymh eb ixea{ji fb e mjfaex whfmh aedi} ~hi sienis ìij pfpfnjv ~hi òsmi

o` ~hi }{sfbg ~he~ f} mob~efbin fb ~hi {ysi jew o` ny~v* e} ny~v<


I}~o coby} afji}* ~y~os coby}* escf~is fniaFb~igis4 eacfgyei }f uyebno mf~ecisi ~i}~f}

Fbmis~eiuyi sif* [hejesf} jfmi~ fa{isi~ y~ }f}

@ej}y}* i~ enao~o nfm~i~ {isfysfe ~eyso*]yaaya msini biè} ebfaea {seiìssi {ynosf*

I~ {so{~is pf~ea pfpibnf {isnisi mey}e}56" ,

t[ES^_3zAI^HONOJOGV R{esegse{h 3;q

Whib wi meb csfbg ebv `je~~isfbg ~hoygh~ o` aisf~ fb~o oys em~fob* ~hib ~hi ao~fpi f} ejsienv

}oaiwhe~ ejjovin wf~h }ij`!jopi ebn he} ~hisiòsi }oai e}}f}~ebmi `soa ~hi }fni o` ~hi}ib}fcfjf~v" Cy~ ~o {o}~{obi ipisv~hfbg ~o ~hi hojfbi}} o` ny~v ejobi* ebn ~o ci mob}mfoy} ~he~

wi meb cimey}i oys owb sie}ob simogbf}i} ~hf} e} f~} moaaebn ebn }ev} ~he~ wi oygh~ ~o no

f~* ~hf} f}* e} f~ wisi* ~o sef}i oys}ijpi} ej~ogi~his ecopi ~hi wosjn o` }ib}i* ebn ~hisi f}

fb}i{esecjv fbpojpin fb ~hi }eai e mob}mfoy}bi}} o` ~hi jew* e} e }{sfbg o` e èmyj~v ~he~

mob~soj} ~hi }ib}fcfjf~v4 ebn ej~hoygh ~hf} f} bo~ ejwev} e~~ibnin wf~h i`ìm~* vi~ `siuyib~

ibgegiaib~ wf~h ~hf} }{sfbg* ebn ~hi e~ `fs}~ afbos e~~ia{~} e~ y}fbg f~* gfpi ho{i ~he~ ~hf}

i`ìm~ aev ci wsoygh~* ebn ~he~ cv nigsii} ~hi gsie~i}~* ebn ~he~ e {ysijv aosej fb~isi}~ fb f~

aev ci {sonymin fb y}"


^hi ai~hon ~hib ~edi} ~hi òjjowfbg moys}i" E~ `fs}~ wi esi objv mobmisbin ~o aedi ~hi

lyngfbg o` em~fob} cv aosej jew} e be~ysej ia{jovaib~ emmoa{ebvfbg ejj oys owb `sii

em~fob}* e} wijj e} ~hi oc}ispe~fob o` ~ho}i o` o~his}* ebn ~o aedi f~ e} f~ wisi e hecf~* ebn ~o

}hes{ib ~hf} lyngiaib~* e}dfbg `fs}~ whi~his ~hi em~fob mobòsa} oclim~fpijv ~o ~hi aosej jew*

ebn ~o whe~ jew4 ebn wi nf}~fbgyf}h ~hi jew ~he~ aisijv `ysbf}hi} e {sfbmf{ji o` ocjfge~fob

`soa ~he~ whfmh f} siejjv ocjfge~osv (jigi} ocjfgebnf e jigfcy} ocjfgeb~fcy}&4 e}* òs fb}~ebmi*

~hi jew o` whe~ aib'} web~} siuyfsi `soa ai* e} mob~se}~in wf~h ~he~ whfmh ~hifs sfgh~}

niaebn* ~hi je~~is o` whfmh {si}msfci} i}}ib~fej* ~hi òsais objv bob!i}}ib~fej ny~fi}4 ebn ~hy}

wi ~iemh how ~o nf}~fbgyf}h nf`ìsib~ dfbn} o` ny~fi} whfmh aii~ fb ~hi }eai em~fob" ^hi o~his

{ofb~ ~o whfmh e~~ib~fob ay}~ ci nfsim~in f} ~hi uyi}~fob whi~his ~hi em~fob we} ej}o(}yclim~fpijv& nobi òs ~hi }edi o` ~hi aosej jew* }o ~he~ f~ bo~ objv f} aosejjv mossim~ e} e

niin* cy~ ej}o* cv ~hi aexfa `soa whfmh f~ f} nobi* he} aosej wos~h e} e nf}{o}f~fob" Bow

~hisi f} bo noyc~ ~he~ ~hf} {sem~fmi* ebn ~hi si}yj~fbg myj~ysi o` oys sie}ob fb lyngfbg aisijv o`

~hi {sem~fmej* ay}~ gsenyejjv {sonymi e mis~efb fb~isi}~ ipib fb ~hi jew o` sie}ob* ebn

mob}iuyib~jv fb aosejjv goon em~fob}" @os wi yj~fae~ijv ~edi e jfdfbg òs e ~hfbg* ~hi

mob~ia{je~fob o` whfmh aedi} y} ìij ~he~ ~hi y}i o` oys mogbf~fpi èmyj~fi} f} ix~ibnin4 ebn

~hf} ix~ib}fob f} i}{imfejjv `ys~hisin cv ~he~ fb whfmh wi `fbn aosej mossim~bi}}* }fbmi f~ f}

objv fb }ymh eb osnis o` ~hfbg} ~he~ sie}ob* wf~h f~} èmyj~v o` ni~isafbfbg e {sfosf ob

56 TLypibej* ]e~fsei* #Ci voy e goon }ojnfis* e èf~h`yj ~y~os* eb ybmossy{~in ya{fsi ej}o4 f` voy esi }yaaobin e}

e wf~bi}} fb e noyc~`yj ebn ybmis~efb ~hfbg* ~hoygh [hejesf} }hoyjn moaaebn ~he~ voy }hoyjn ci èj}i* ebn}hoyjn nfm~e~i {islysfi} wf~h ~hi cyjj csoygh~ ~o voy* cijfipi f~ ~hi hfghi}~ fa{fi~v ~o {siìs jfì ~o si{y~e~fob*

ebn òs ~hi }edi o` jfì* ~o jo}i ~hi mey}i} o` jfpfbg"#Q




{sfbmf{ji whe~ oygh~ ~o ci nobi* meb `fbn }e~f}èm~fob" Eb oc}ispis o` be~ysi ~edi} jfdfbg e~

je}~ ~o oclim~} ~he~ e~ `fs}~ o`ìbnin hf} }ib}i}* whib hi nf}mopis} fb ~hia ~hi gsie~ ene{~e~fob

o` ~hifs osgebf|e~fob ~o ni}fgb* }o ~he~ hf} sie}ob `fbn} òon fb f~} mob~ia{je~fob" ]o Jifcbf~|

}{esin eb fb}im~ ~he~ hi hen mesi`yjjv ixeafbin wf~h ~hi afmso}mo{i* ebn si{jemin f~ ob f~}

jie`* cimey}i hi hen òybn hfa}ij` fb}~sym~in cv ~hi pfiw o` f~ ebn hen* e} f~ wisi* simifpin e

cibi`f~ `soa f~"

Cy~ ~hf} ia{jovaib~ o` ~hi èmyj~v o` lyngiaib~* whfmh aedi} y} ìij oys owb mogbf~fpi

{owis}* f} bo~ vi~ ~hi fb~isi}~ fb em~fob} ebn fb ~hifs aosejf~v f~}ij`" F~ aisijv mey}i} y} ~o ~edi

{jie}ysi fb ibgegfbg fb }ymh msf~fmf}a* ebn f~ gfpi} ~o pfs~yi os ~hi nf}{o}f~fob ~he~ mobòsa}

~o aosej jew} e òsa o` ciey~v* whfmh f} enafsin* cy~ bo~ ob ~he~ emmoyb~ }oygh~ e`~is

(jeyne~ys i~ ejgi~ &4 e} ipisv~hfbg ~hi mob~ia{je~fob o` whfmh {sonymi} e mob}mfoy}bi}} o` ~hi

hesaobv o` oys {owis} o` mobmi{~fob* ebn fb whfmh wi ìij ~hi whoji o` oys èmyj~v o`

dbowjingi (ybnis}~ebnfbg ebn faegfbe~fob& }~sibg~hibin* {sonymi} e }e~f}èm~fob* whfmh aev

ej}o ci moaaybfme~in ~o o~his}* whfji bipis~hiji}} ~hi ixf}~ibmi o` ~hi oclim~ siaefb}

fbnf`ìsib~ ~o y}* cifbg objv sigesnin e} ~hi omme}fob o` oys cimoafbg ewesi o` ~hi me{emf~fi}

fb y} whfmh esi ijipe~in ecopi aisi ebfaej be~ysi" Bow* howipis* ~hi }imobn ixismf}i moai}fb* ~hi jfpfbg ixhfcf~fob o` aosejf~v o` mhesem~is cv ixea{ji}* fb whfmh e~~ib~fob f} nfsim~in ~o

{ysf~v o` wfjj* `fs}~ objv e} e bige~fpi {isìm~fob* fb }o ès e} fb eb em~fob nobi `soa ny~v bo

ao~fpi} o` fbmjfbe~fob hepi ebv fb`jyibmi fb ni~isafbfbg f~" Cv ~hf} ~hi {y{fj'} e~~ib~fob f}

`fxin y{ob ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` hf} `siinoa* ebn ej~hoygh ~hf} sibybmfe~fob e~ `fs}~ ixmf~i} e

ìijfbg o` {efb* bipis~hiji}}* cv f~} wf~hnsewfbg ~hi {y{fj `soa ~hi mob}~sefb~ o` ipib siej

web~}* ~hisi f} {somjefain ~o hfa e~ ~hi }eai ~fai e nijfpisebmi `soa ~hi aebfòjn

nf}}e~f}èm~fob fb whfmh ejj ~hi}i web~} ib~ebgji hfa* ebn ~hi afbn f} aeni me{ecji o`

simifpfbg ~hi }ib}e~fob o` }e~f}èm~fob `soa o~his }oysmi}" ^hi hies~ f} `siin ebn jfgh~ibin o` e

cysnib ~he~ ejwev} }imsi~jv {si}}i} ob f~* whib fb}~ebmi} o` {ysi aosej si}ojy~fob} sipiej ~o

~hi aeb eb fbbis èmyj~v o` whfmh o~hiswf}i hi he} bo sfgh~ dbowjingi* ~hi fbwesn `siinoa ~o

sijie}i hfa}ij` `soa ~hi cof}~isoy} fa{os~ybf~v o` fbmjfbe~fob}* ~o }ymh e nigsii ~he~ bobi o`

~hia* bo~ ipib ~hi niesi}~* }hejj hepi ebv fb`jyibmi ob e si}ojy~fob* òs whfmh wi esi bow ~o

ia{jov oys sie}ob" ]y{{o}i e me}i whisi F ejobi dbow ~he~ ~hi wsobg f} ob av }fni* ebn

ej~hoygh e `sii mobì}}fob o` f~ ebn ~hi o`ìs o` }e~f}èm~fob esi }o }~sobgjv o{{o}in cv pebf~v*

}ij`f}hbi}}* ebn ipib eb o~hiswf}i bo~ fjjigf~fae~i eb~f{e~hv ~o ~hi aeb who}i sfgh~} esi

fa{efsin cv ai* F ea bipis~hiji}} ecji ~o nf}mesn ejj ~hi}i mob}fnise~fob}4 fb ~hf} ~hisi f}

fa{jfin e mob}mfoy}bi}} o` fbni{ibnibmi ob fbmjfbe~fob} ebn mfsmya}~ebmi}* ebn o` ~hi

{o}}fcfjf~v o` cifbg }y``fmfib~ òs av}ij`* whfmh f} }ejy~esv ~o ai fb gibisej òs o~his {ys{o}i}

ej}o" Ebn bow ~hi jew o` ny~v* fb mob}iuyibmi o` ~hi {o}f~fpi wos~h whfmh ocinfibmi ~o f~

aedi} y} ìij* `fbn} ie}fis emmi}} ~hsoygh ~hi si}{im~ òs oys}ijpi} fb ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` oys

`siinoa" Whib ~hf} f} wijj i}~ecjf}hin* whib e aeb nsien} bo~hfbg aosi ~heb ~o `fbn hfa}ij`*ob }ij`!ixeafbe~fob* wos~hji}} ebn mob~ia{~fcji fb hf} owb ivi}* ~hib ipisv goon aosej

nf}{o}f~fob meb ci gse`~in ob f~* cimey}i ~hf} f} ~hi ci}~* bev* ~hi objv gyesn ~he~ meb dii{ o``

`soa ~hi afbn ~hi {si}}ysi o` fgbocji ebn mossy{~fbg ao~fpi}"

F hepi objv fb~ibnin ~o {ofb~ oy~ ~hi ao}~ gibisej aexfa} o` ~hi ai~honojogv o` aosej

myj~fpe~fob ebn ixismf}i" E} ~hi aebfòjn pesfi~v o` ny~fi} siuyfsi} }{imfej syji} òs iemh dfbn*

ebn ~hf} woyjn ci e {sojfx e`èfs* F }hejj ci sienfjv ixmy}in f` fb e wosd jfdi ~hf}* whfmh f} objv

{sijfafbesv* F mob~ib~ av}ij` wf~h ~hi}i oy~jfbi}"

[ES^_3zMOBMJY]FOB




MOBMJY]FOB

^wo ~hfbg} `fjj ~hi afbn wf~h ipis biw ebn fbmsie}fbg enafse~fob ebn ewi* ~hi o`~ibis ebn

~hi aosi }~ienfjv wi si`jim~ ob ~hia< ~hi }~essv hiepib} ecopi ebn ~hi aosej jew wf~hfb" F

hepi bo~ ~o }iesmh òs ~hia ebn moblim~ysi ~hia e} ~hoygh ~hiv wisi pifjin fb nesdbi}} os

wisi fb ~hi ~seb}mibnib~ sigfob civobn av hosf|ob4 F }ii ~hia ciòsi ai ebn mobbim~ ~hia

nfsim~jv wf~h ~hi mob}mfoy}bi}} o` av ixf}~ibmi"

^hi òsais cigfb} `soa ~hi {jemi F ommy{v fb ~hi ix~isbej wosjn o` }ib}i* ebn ibjesgi} av

mobbim~fob ~hisifb ~o eb ybcoybnin ix~ib~ wf~h wosjn} y{ob wosjn} ebn }v}~ia} o` }v}~ia}*

ebn aosiopis fb~o jfaf~ji}} ~fai} o` ~hifs {isfonfm ao~fob* f~} cigfbbfbg ebn mob~fbyebmi" ^hi

}imobn cigfb} `soa av fbpf}fcji }ij`* av {is}obejf~v* ebn ixhfcf~} ai fb e wosjn whfmh he}

~syi fb`fbf~v* cy~ whfmh f} ~semiecji objv cv ~hi ybnis}~ebnfbg* ebn wf~h whfmh F nf}misb ~he~ F

ea bo~ fb e aisijv mob~fbgib~ cy~ fb e ybfpis}ej ebn bimi}}esv mobbim~fob* e} F ea ej}o~hisicv wf~h ejj ~ho}i pf}fcji wosjn}" ^hi òsais pfiw o` e moyb~ji}} ayj~f~yni o` wosjn}

ebbfhfje~i} e} f~ wisi av fa{os~ebmi e} eb ebfaej msie~ysi* whfmh e`~is f~ he} ciib òs e }hos~

~fai {sopfnin wf~h pf~ej {owis* obi dbow} bo~ how* ay}~ egefb gfpi cemd ~hi ae~~is o` whfmh

f~ we} òsain ~o ~hi {jebi~ f~ fbhecf~} (e aisi }{imd fb ~hi ybfpis}i&" ^hi }imobn* ob ~hi

mob~sesv* fb`fbf~ijv ijipe~i} av wos~h e} eb fb~ijjfgibmi cv av {is}obejf~v* fb whfmh ~hi aosej

jew sipiej} ~o ai e jfì fbni{ibnib~ o` ebfaejf~v ebn ipib o` ~hi whoji }ib}fcji wosjn* e~

jie}~ }o ès e} aev ci fbìssin `soa ~hi ni}~fbe~fob e}}fgbin ~o av ixf}~ibmi cv ~hf} jew* e

ni}~fbe~fob bo~ si}~sfm~in ~o mobnf~fob} ebn jfaf~} o` ~hf} jfì* cy~ siemhfbg fb~o ~hi fb`fbf~i"

Cy~ ~hoygh enafse~fob ebn si}{im~ aev ixmf~i ~o fbuyfsv* ~hiv mebbo~ }y{{jv ~hi web~ o` f~"

Whe~* ~hib* f} ~o ci nobi fb osnis ~o ib~is ob ~hf} fb e y}i`yj aebbis ebn obi ene{~in ~o ~hijo`~fbi}} o` ~hi }yclim~? Ixea{ji} aev }ispi fb ~hf} e} e wesbfbg ebn ej}o òs faf~e~fob" ^hi

mob~ia{je~fob o` ~hi wosjn cigeb `soa ~hi bocji}~ }{im~emji ~he~ ~hi hyaeb }ib}i} {si}ib~ ~o

y}* ebn ~he~ oys ybnis}~ebnfbg meb cies ~o òjjow fb ~hifs pe}~ siemh4 ebn f~ ibnin! fb

e}~sojogv" Aosejf~v cigeb wf~h ~hi bocji}~ e~~sfcy~i o` hyaeb be~ysi* ~hi nipijo{aib~ ebn

myj~fpe~fob o` whfmh gfpi e {so}{im~ o` fb`fbf~i y~fjf~v4 ebn ibnin! fb èbe~fmf}a os

}y{is}~f~fob" ]o f~ f} wf~h ejj msyni e~~ia{~} whisi ~hi {sfbmf{ej {es~ o` ~hi cy}fbi}} ni{ibn}

ob ~hi y}i o` sie}ob* e y}i whfmh noi} bo~ moai o` f~}ij`* jfdi ~hi y}i o` ~hi ìi~* cv `siuyib~

ixismf}i* i}{imfejjv whib e~~sfcy~i} esi fb uyi}~fob whfmh mebbo~ ci nfsim~jv ixhfcf~in fb

moaaob ix{isfibmi" Cy~ e`~is ~hi aexfa hen moai fb~o pogyi* ~hoygh je~i* ~o ixeafbi

mesi`yjjv ciòsihebn ejj ~hi }~i{} ~he~ sie}ob {ys{o}i} ~o ~edi* ebn bo~ ~o ji~ f~ {somiin

o~hiswf}i ~heb fb ~hi ~semd o` e {sipfoy}jv wijj mob}fnisin ai~hon* ~hib ~hi }~ynv o` ~hi}~sym~ysi o` ~hi ybfpis}i ~ood uyf~i e nf`ìsib~ nfsim~fob* ebn ~hisicv e~~efbin eb fbmoa{esecjv

he{{fis si}yj~" ^hi èjj o` e }~obi* ~hi ao~fob o` e }jfbg* si}ojpin fb~o ~hifs ijiaib~} ebn ~hi

òsmi} ~he~ esi aebfì}~in fb ~hia* ebn ~sie~in ae~hiae~fmejjv* {sonymin e~ je}~ ~he~ mjies ebn

hibmiòswesn ybmhebgiecji fb}fgh~ fb~o ~hi }v}~ia o` ~hi wosjn whfmh* e} oc}ispe~fob f}

mob~fbyin* aev ho{i ejwev} ~o ix~ibn f~}ij`* cy~ biin bipis ìes ~o ci moa{ijjin ~o si~sie~"

^hf} ixea{ji aev }yggi}~ ~o y} ~o ib~is ob ~hi }eai {e~h fb ~sie~fbg o` ~hi aosej me{emf~fi}

o` oys be~ysi* ebn aev gfpi y} ho{i o` e jfdi goon si}yj~" Wi hepi e~ hebn ~hi fb}~ebmi} o` ~hi

aosej lyngiaib~ o` sie}ob" Cv ebejv}fbg ~hi}i fb~o ~hifs ijiaib~esv mobmi{~fob}* ebn fb

nièyj~ o` ae~hiae~fm} eno{~fbg e {somi}} }fafjes ~o ~he~ o` mhiaf}~sv* ~hi }i{ese~fob o` ~hi

ia{fsfmej `soa ~hi se~fobej ijiaib~} ~he~ aev ci òybn fb ~hia* cv si{ie~in ix{isfaib~} ob

moaaob }ib}i* wi aev ixhfcf~ co~h {ysi* ebn jiesb wf~h mis~efb~v whe~ iemh {es~ meb




emmoa{jf}h o` f~}ij`* }o e} ~o {sipib~ ob ~hi obi hebn ~hi issos} o` e }~fjj msyni yb~sefbin

lyngiaib~* ebn ob ~hi o~his hebn (whe~ f} `es aosi bimi}}esv& ~hi ix~sepegebmi} o` gibfy}* cv

whfmh* e} cv ~hi eni{~} o` ~hi {hfjo}o{his'} }~obi* wf~hoy~ ebv ai~honfmej }~ynv os

dbowjingi o` be~ysi* pf}fobesv ~sie}ysi} esi {soaf}in ebn ~hi ~syi esi ~hsowb ewev" Fb obi

wosn* }mfibmi (msf~fmejjv ybnis~edib ebn ai~honfmejjv nfsim~in& f} ~hi bessow ge~i ~he~ jien} ~o

~hi ~syi nom~sfbi o` {sem~fmej wf}noa* f` wi ybnis}~ebn cv ~hf} bo~ aisijv whe~ obi oygh~ ~ono* cy~ whe~ oygh~ ~o }ispi ~iemhis} e} e gyfni ~o mob}~sym~ wijj ebn mjiesjv ~hi soen ~o

wf}noa whfmh ipisvobi }hoyjn ~sepij* ebn ~o }imysi o~his} `soa gofbg e}~sev" [hfjo}o{hv

ay}~ ejwev} mob~fbyi ~o ci ~hi gyesnfeb o` ~hf} }mfibmi4 ebn ej~hoygh ~hi {ycjfm noi} bo~ ~edi

ebv fb~isi}~ fb f~} }yc~ji fbpi}~fge~fob}* f~ ay}~ ~edi eb fb~isi}~ fb ~hi si}yj~fbg nom~sfbi}*

whfmh }ymh eb ixeafbe~fob `fs}~ {y~} fb e mjies jfgh~"

^HI IBN

Kant-The Critique of Practical Reason

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