Under Strategic Cities Development Project

(SCDP)

Ministry of Defense & Urban Development

Amal S. Kumarage

May 2014

Kandy Transport Improvement Project

(KTIP)

• Map 3-1 Survey Locations add animations

showing the traffic flows at both

boundaries and then another animation

showing passenger flows at both

boundaries in thousands in one direction,

growth from 2002 (Jayatileke)

V: 21,306

V: 20,486

V: 19,407

V: 4,282

V: 4,051 V: 34,317

V: 20,109 V: 8,281

V: 18,865

V: 20,171

V: 28,828

V: 28,830

P:

125,284

P:

127,581

P:

103,958

P:

11,604

P: 8,310 P:

217,678

P:

42,030

P:

136,915

P:

194,580

P: 45,759

P:

163,728

P:

132,871

Average Daily Vehicle & Passenger Flow

Vehicle Passenger

Study Area (DSD) Cordon

112,170 636,485

CBD Cordon (including Minor Roads)

149,918 762,502

Variation of Traffic Flow Rate at Study Area Cordon (12 hrs) DSD Cordon (On a Weekday)

CBD Cordon (On a Saturday)

CBD Cordon (On a Weekday) 1

2,0

00

10,0

00

3,5

00

x1

0

4,5

00

12

Trip purpose Distribution

DSD Cordon (On a Weekday) CBD Cordon (On a Weekday)

CBD Cordon (On a Saturday)

Work Work

Work

Education

Education Education

• Map 4-1 superimposed to same position

Road Speeds

Main Roads – 25.7 km/hr

Peak – 16.7 km/hr

Link Speed – from 4 km/hr

Bypass Traffic

ADT: 5,257

ADT: 11,178

ADT: 12,217

SA Through Traffic:

PV-11.6%, GV-

16.9%

SA Through Traffic:

PV-17.5%, GV-

35.5%

SA Through Traffic:

PV-15.5%, GV-

39.4%

SA Through Traffic:

PV-18.9%, GV-

38.2%

SA Through

Traffic:

PV-22.1%, GV-

0%

SA Through Traffic:

PV-21.8%, GV-

44.2%

SA Through Traffic:

PV-3.7%, GV-

21.1%

School Transport

Mode Share (%)

Walk 8.0

Bicycle 0.0

3 Wheeler 10.5

Private vehicles 15.7

Public bus 23.8

School van 33.9

Motor Cycles 4.5

Train 0.5

School bus 3.1

100.0

Modal Split

Schools in

SA (Nos.)

Students

(Nos.)

Major 23 63,000

Minor &

International 12 Appr. 7,000

Total 35 Appr.70,000

Profile

1,000 school vans carry 20,000 students

10,000 private vehs carry 20,000 students

300 buses carry 15,000 students

Bus Transport

3 Terminals- 600 m

apart

4,800 carry 200,000

people a day

Only 100 buses ply

through the city

80,000 access bus

stands by walking

120,000 access by bus

50,000 have both trip

ends outside the

DSD

Railway

• Peradeniya to Katugastota is 11 km with

11 km -Peradeniya to

Katugastota

9 stations

20 trains/day

Speeds comparable to road

Carried 1% of traffic

Kandy traffic 3,000

Only 300 school children

Railway

Parking

Issue #1: Land Use in a Heritage City

• Land Use Issues

Issue #2: Inadequate Road Space

• Traffic and Passenger Counts at DSD Cordon

– 1998 30,000 vehicles (with 4,800 buses) carry320,000 passengers.

– 2011 56,000 vehicles (with 4,800 buses) carry 320,000 passengers.

• This reflects a growth rate of 5% per annum or a doubling of

road space required every 14 years.

• School vans do not show a significant change.

• Public transport has fallen from 67% (1998) to 64% (2011)

• If Public Transport Share falls to 50%, the vehicle inflow will

increase to 100,000 vehicles OR

• If maximum vehicle inflow is 75,000, buses must carry 55%

share.

Issue #3:Inefficient Bus Operations

• Buses provide the bulk of the transport requirement carrying 64% of

passengers at the DSD and 56% at the CBD.

• Termination of Services and Lack of Through Services -100% of local and

90% of provincial services terminate in centre.

• Over 2x80,000 pedestrian movements plus 2x50,000 bus to bus transfers

are caused daily.

• No proper Terminal – handles 400,000 passengers

• No Integration of Terminals, generates large pedestrian flows

• One-way System increases bus circulation and pedestrian access.

• No Short Run Urban Routes

Bus Flows at CBD Nov 2013

Locations

Date

13 (W) 14 (Th) 16 (Sa) 17 (Su) 18 (M) 19 (Tu) 22 (F)

In Out In Out In Out In Out In Out In Out In Out

WGM 969 1,050 1,068 966 1,019 1,097 865 801 934 1,174 1,133 870 1,101 977

SBM 1,075 1,200 1,168 1,228 1,040 1,096 743 752 1,147 1,230 1,141 1,215 1,171 1,272

A9 (Trinity) 1,494 1,487 1,503 1,611 1,322 1,438 1,039 1,089 1,403 1,527 1,438 1,580 1,439 1,549

A26 (Lake

Round) 1,047 991 1,116 1,053 993 980 708 675 1,114 1,025 1,083 1,050 1,122 1,084

Total 4,585 4,728 4,855 4,858 4,374 4,611 3,355 3,317 4,598 4,956 4,795 4,715 4,833 4,882

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

Mon Tue

Wed Thu

Fri Sat

Sun

WGM, 2,003

SBM, 2,211

A9 (Trinity),

2,846

A26 (Lake

Round), 2,006

WGM

SBM

A9 (Trinity)

A26 (Lake Round)

Bus Passengers at CBD- Nov 2013

Bus Passenger Flows at CBD Cordon

Locations

Date

13 (W) 14 (Th) 16 (Sa) 17 (Su) 18 (M)

In Out In Out In Out In Out In Out

SD LD Total SD LD Total SD LD Total SD LD Total

WGM 18,698 17,945 36,643 9,936 19,829 29,765 17,925 18,010 35,935 10,167 20,520 30,687

SBM 32,046 2,104 34,150 34,586 526 35,112 27,870 2,598 30,468 34,719 242 34,961

A9 (Trinity) 38,792 16,560 55,352 50,839 6,625 57,464 37,975 17,173 55,148 45,087 10,404 55,491

A26 (Lake

Round) 37,281 4,395 41,676 34,956 4,034 38,990 37,359 4,480 41,839 36,148 3,841 39,989

Total 126,817 41,004 167,821 130,317 31,014 161,331 121,129 42,261 163,390 126,121 35,007 161,128 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pedestrian Flows to GSBS

Time

Interval

Goods Shed Clock Tower /

Torrington

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 Total Max/15

20/11

Wed 2,263 4,857 4,086 15,330 23,689 8,553 9,468 68,246 1006

21/11

Thu 2,288 5,623 4,362 14,764 36,761 8,380 9,664 81,842 1149

23/11 Sat 2,254 8,909 5,726 16,792 35,460 9,171 11,865 90,177 1172

240,26

5

pedestrian counts total 68,000 to 90,000 arrivals per 12 hours

maximum hourly demand seems to be around 4,000 passengers

On-Street Bus Parking

0

50

100

150

200

250

6.0

0

6.3

0

7.0

0

7.3

0

8.0

0

8.3

0

9.0

0

9.3

0

10.0

0

10.3

0

11.0

0

11.3

0

12.0

0

12.3

0

13.0

0

13.3

0

14.0

0

14.3

0

15.0

0

15.3

0

16.0

0

16.3

0

17.0

0

17.3

0

18.0

0

14/11 Thu

16/11 Sat

22/11 Fri

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

6.0

0

6.3

0

7.0

0

7.3

0

8.0

0

8.3

0

9.0

0

9.3

0

10.0

0

10.3

0

11.0

0

11.3

0

12.0

0

12.3

0

13.0

0

13.3

0

14.0

0

14.3

0

15.0

0

15.3

0

16.0

0

16.3

0

17.0

0

17.3

0

18.0

0

Gannoruwa

WGM

Bogambara

Goods Shed

Torrington

Bogambara Off street bus parking

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Nu

mb

er

of

Bu

ses

Storage (15 Minute) Saturday Thursday Friday

Parking Duration- Bogambara

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

<5

5-1

0

10-2

0

20-3

0

30-6

0

60-9

0

90

-120

120-1

50

150-1

80

180-2

10

210-2

40

>240

Perc

en

t b

y T

ota

l V

eh

.

Duration (minutes)

Vehicles (%) by Parking Duration (Interval)

Vehicles (17th) Vehicles (20th) Vehicles (23rd)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

<5

<10

<20

<30

<60

<90

<120

<150

<180

<210

<240

<660

Perc

en

t b

y T

ota

l V

eh

.

Duration (minutes)

Vehicles (%) by Parking Duration (Agregated)

Vehicles (17th) Vehicles (20th) Vehicles (23rd)

Issue #3:Inefficient Bus Operations

• Buses provide the bulk of the transport requirement carrying 64% of

passengers at the DSD and 56% at the CBD.

• Termination of Services and Lack of Through Services -100% of local and

90% of provincial services terminate in centre.

• Over 2x80,000 pedestrian movements plus 2x50,000 bus to bus transfers

are caused daily.

• No proper Terminal – handles 400,000 passengers

• No Integration of Terminals, generates large pedestrian flows

• One-way System increases bus circulation and pedestrian access.

• No Short Run Urban Routes

Issue #4: Excessive Pedestrian Activity in

CBD

Issue #5:Underutilisation of the Railway

Network

Issue #6: School Transport

The UT Policy Options

for next 20 years

• Promote Private or Public Transport?

WB letter to MOT 9th Jan 2014

World Bank Strategy

• Development of by-pass roads

• Integrated Public Transport Terminal

• Improvement of Bus Transport Services

• Development of Railway Stations

Proposed PT Improvements Group (Short Term) Implementation in

2014

Group (Medium Term)

Implementation after 2014 Public Transport Infrastructure Improvements

PT1. New Bus Terminal/Park at Getambe PT5. New Kandy Multimodal Transport Terminal

(KMTT)

PT2. New Bus Terminal/Park at Nittawela PT6. Upgrade of Railway Stations and improving access

PT4. Tourist Bus/Vehicle Park at Tomlin Park PT3. New Bus Terminal/Park at Tennekumbura

Public Transport Service Delivery Improvements

PT7. Public Transport Development & Management Plan

o Design of PT Management Structures

o Design of New Bus Routes

o Design of New Bus Dispatching System

PT 8. Multi Modal Terminal Operating System

o Implement IT based Ticketing System

o Implement Bus Dispatching System

PT9 Institutional Capacity Development of CPRPTA

o Implement Bus Dispatching and Monitoring System

o Human Resource Training

o Institutional Process Re-engineering

PT10. Strengthen Capacity of Transport Service Providers

o Upgrade of Public transport fleets

o Human Resource Training of Service Providers

o Management Assistance/Training for Service

Providers

o Incentive Schemes for start up of new services

o Re-organize School Transport services/3 Wheeler

taxis

Proposed Bus Service Distribution

Summary of Terminal Utilization (12H, One-way Trips)

Service Type

Terminals

TOTAL

Nitta

we

la (

N)

Te

nn

eku

mb

ura

(T)

Ga

tem

be

(G

)

CB

D (

C )

Local Routes (L) Terminated at Closer Peripheral Terminal 108 82 88 278

Regional -High Frequency (R) Terminated at the CBD (Kandy City) 1621 1621

Regional-Low Frequency (R) Terminated at Further Peripheral Terminal 410 321 607 1338

Provincial-CBD (P)

Terminated at CBD (without extending to

FTP) 842

842

TOTAL 518 403 695 2463 4079

Traffic Demand Management Group (Short Term) Implementation in 2014 Group (Medium Term) Implementation after 2014

Traffic Demand Management Plan

TM1: TA to Develop a Traffic Demand Management (TDM) Strategy

Design of pedestrian facilities

Design of traffic circulation plan for CBD, major corridors and re-

design of intersections

Locating and design of off-street car parks

Reduce traffic delays due to Railway gate closures.

Recommendation of long term TDM measures including road pricing

system and parking controls.

Design of bus stops on major corridors.

Plan to manage goods transport vehicles in CBD.

Safety enhancements to all road sections

Traffic Management Infrastructure

TM2: Improve Roads to be developed as by-passes to the CBD

Western Bypass: Guhagoda Rd as well as Dharmasoka Mawatha

North-Eastern Outer Bypass: (Katugastota to Digana)

South-Eastern Outer Bypass (tunnel trace being studied by RDA or

alternate trace)

East-West New Connection- from Thennekumbura along river to

Nittawela

TM3: Redesign Roads to improve free flow access to Kandy City

Bus Priority Measures to be incorporated in rehabilitation of

WGM/SBM/A9

New Road Links to connect WGM/SBM and reduce distance on Sri

Sangaraja/A26

TM4: Implement Traffic Circulation System for CBD (as per strategy in

TM1

Traffic Circulation System for CBD including one way roads, bus

routing, bus stops etc.

TM5: Implementation of TDM Strategy for City(as per TA from TM1)

Solutions for

Railway crossings

Pedestrian facilities in CBD

Off street Car Parks

Long-Term TDM measure including road user pricing

Goods delivery systems

Kandy Multi Modal Transport Terminal

KMTT –Design

KMTT – Cost Estimate

ITEM Rs Mn

Preliminaries 7.00

Site preparation 36.00

Construction of main structure with filing 913.00

Facility area 447.00

Common area 60.00

Miscellaneous works 168.00

Sub total 1,631.00

Add :10% contingencies 163.10

Total [excluding vat] 1,794.10

ADD 12% of VAT 215.29

Total [including vat] 2,009.39

USD mn 15.46

Getambe

Nittawela

Thennekumbura

OCC- Operational Control Centre

Proposed Cost Estimates

Benefit Analysis

• The existing transport system returns a cost increase from

Rs.6,482 million per year to Rs.19,997 mn in constant

values by 2025.

• This means that transport cost in real terms will increase

on average by 8% per year.

• The annual average cost of a person arriving in the CBD

throughout the year would increase from Rs. 19,943 in

2011 to Rs 41,109 by 2025. This would constitute the

doubling of transport costs in 14 years.

• Under the intervention proposed, the cost of a person

travelling to CBD will be only Rs.23,852 per year by 2025,

thus reducing the cost increase to 1% per year.

• The net reduction is therefore a saving of Rs 8,369 million

annually and a BCR of 8.5 over 14 years.

PT Project Outline

• PMU set up by M/D&UD to take lead

• Set up Steering Committee of Sector Agencies

• Obtain Technical Assistance to design

– Ownership

– Operational

– Financial Structure

• Stakeholder Agreement

• Procure Services for Design of

– Terminal &

– Bus Routing and

– TOD Systems

– Monitoring and Audit System

• Procure Services for Capacity Building

– Regulators

– Operators (SLR, SLTB, Private)