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 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MAL AYSIA PATTERNS OF TRAINING EVALUATION PRACTICES A MONG TRAINING IN STITUTIONS IN MAL AYSIA JUNAIDAH BINTI HASHIM FPP 1999 22

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UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA

PATTERNS OF TRAINING EVALUATION PRACTICES AMONG

TRAINING IN STITUTIONS IN MALAYSIA

JUNAIDAH BINTI HASHIM 

FPP 1999 22

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ATTERNS O TRAN NG EVAUATON RACTCES AMONGTRAN NG NSTTUTONS N MAASA

JUNADAH BINT HASHM

DOCTOR O HOSOPHUNIVERST UTRA MAASA

1999

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ATTERNS O TRAINING EVAUATION RACTICES AMONGTRAINI NG I NSTITUTIONS I N M AAYSIA

y

JUN AIDAH BINTI HASHIM

Disseation Submitted i n aial ulfil ment of the Requiremensfor he Degree of Docor of hi losophy in he acu lty of

Educational SudiesUniversii ur Malysi

March 1999

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ACKNOWEDGEMENS

Man people hae contuted n deent was to the

completon of ths dssetaton would lke to express specal

apprecaton to m supersor Dr. hamsuddn n Ahmad fo hs

man hous of gudance and nsght dung the entre pocess wthout

that ths esearch would not hae been completed successful

peca apprecaton and gateful thanks are extended to m graduate

commttee members Assocate Prof Dr. H Azahar sma, D.

Bahaman Abu amah and Assocate Prof. Dr. Hh. Mamunah smal

hose ns g htfu comments hae made ths stud more nterestng

oud a so ke to acknoedge the contrbutons of D aodah

ok, ho has proded assstance that expedte the data analss of

th s stud am aso gaef o te Reseach Centre of ntenatonal

samc Unest for ng the fnancal support for ths research

peca thanks and appreaton aso go to Drecto Genera of Human

Resources Deelopment Councl Malasa M. au D Pau, and

Assstant Drector of Human Resources Deeopment Counc

Maasa, Mr. hahl bn Hassan and to all the espondents of ths

stud.

nal, m appecaton goes to m frend, ud eoh and m

fam l who hae been er suppote thoughout m stud and ensure

ths reseach a success

;;

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 AE O CONENS

ACKNOWEDGEMENS

S O AES

S O GURES

ASRAC

ASRAK

CHAER

NTRODUCTON

Backgound of th tudy

The Goth and Deeopment of TanngIn MaaYSa

Human esouces Deelopmund (HRD)

PoVdng H ghe Educatonand okpace Tanng

The Pactce of Ealuaton

Pattens of Ealuaton Pactces

tatement of the Poblem

Reseach bjectes

gnfcance of the tudy

Assumptons an mtaton of the tudy

Defntons of Tems

REVEW O HE ERAURE

ntoducton

Eau aton Concep

Ealuaton Theoes and Mdels

I

g

I

\1

X

X

X

2

22

4

26

29

3

3

34 

35

38 

38 

39 

44

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V

Tatonal Appoaches

Contempoa Appoaches 8

u mma on Ealuaton Theoesand Modes 79 

tanda ds fo Ealuatons of EducatonalProgrammes Poects an Materals 84 

Tanng Ealuaton 8

The Pu rpose of Tanng Ealu aton 90

The Pactce of Ealuaton In Tanng 95

Tanng Ealuaton Pactces In Malaysa 09

Theoetca amework of the tudy 3

Chapte mma 6

RESEARCH ETHODOLOGY

ntoducton

Degn of the tudy

Reearch cope

Poplaton a ple

ntrumentaton

Descpton of the Reseach ntrument

Pe Testng of the Reeach nstument

al dty and Rel abl ty ofthe eeah ntument

Data Collecton

Data AnalYSIS

Chapte mma y

RESEARCH FNDNGS

ntroducton

Backgound Chaactertcs ofRepondents

IV

8

9

2

22

29

3

33

3

0

2

2

2

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Taing Eaaion Pacices amongTainng nsions 50

Paens o Tang Eaaton Pactes 165

Ped icons of Patens 8

mma o i ndngs 85

SU M MAR CONCUSIONS, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

mma

Conclsons

Backgond ChaactestcsTann g Eaaton Pactces

Pattens of Ealaton Pactces

PedI con of Pattensmpatons

Recommendatons fo the Reseach

88

88

90

99

209

2 2 2

2 7

REFERENCES 220

APPENDICES

VITA

A

B

C

D

QestIonnae

Reseach Lees

Reslts Tabes

H man Resoces Deeopment Concl sEaaton om

v

233

248

256

262

269

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Table

2

3

6

7

9

0

1 2  

3

6

ST O TABES

age

Goenment Allocaton fo Educaton and Tan ng . . 3

elected Agences n the e ected ndustes nMa aysa Resonsb e fo Ta n ng and Deeoment

oca ecto Budget fo Tan ng . . . .

Tan ng Exendtue n Maaysan Comanes 2

equency Dstbuton of Resondents byCuent nolement n Eauaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

equency Dstbuton of Resondents by

Tanng Exeence n Eauaton . . . . . . . . . . . .

equency Dstbuton of Resondents byCuent Em oyment ettn g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

equency Dstbuton of Resondents byAademc Quacaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

equency Dstbuton of Resondents byAcademc e d

D stbuton of Resondents by Model am aty 9

Dstbuton of Resondents by motance ofTann g Exeence n Eauaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Dstbuton of Resondents by Puoses ofEauaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Dstbuton of Resondents by Reoted nfuenceson Decs on to Eauate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dstbuton of Resondents by ouces of Questonsasked dung Ealuaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dstbuton of Resondents by Cental ssues n DataGatheed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Dstbuton of Resondents by PogammeEecteness Detemnaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vi

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7 Dsbuon of Respondens b EaluaionMehod 9

Dsbuon of Respondens b Ealuaionchedule 6

9 umma ascs o Resondens bormal Comprehensie and ysemaicEaluaion 62

20 Dsbuon of Respondens b acili aing Use ofEaluaion Resuls 63

2 Dsbuon of Respondens b Com mimenoads Eauaon 6

22 Dsbuon of Respondens b Clens' Demandaables 66

23 acor Analyss and Relab ly AnalsIs forPurposes of Ealuaion 70

24 acor AnalysIs and Relab Analyss forRepored nfluences 7

25 acor Analyss an d Relab ly Analyss forProgramme Eeciness Deermnaion 72

26 acor AnalysIs and Reliab il i Analyss forEaluaon Mehod 73

27 acor Analss and Relab li Analyss foracil aing Usage of Ealuaion Resuls 7

2 u mmay of acors and Labels u sed for esecond-order acor AnalysIs 76

29 ummar aisics fo Correlaion ihn Gropaables 7

30 ummar ascs of Correlaion Across Groupaabes 7

3 acor Analyss and Rel iabi li Analss for Paernsof Training Ealu aion Pracices 8

32 umma of Componens forormal Ealu aion Paern 2

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33 umma of Compoets folexble-ecoomic Eauato Patte 13

34  umma of Compoets foutcome Eauato Patte 3

35  umma of Compoets foC et-ieted Eau atio Patte 1

36 Pe-test ad a Reabiit tatstcs ofReseach aabes 256

37 depedece t-test betwee RespodetsGoup wth o-espose Goup 257

3 Parta Coelato amog the Pattes 25

39  MA A Aa ss o Pecto o Patte 259

VI

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T O GUE

igure ge

A chematic l lustration of Conceptualisaton ofthe Research Prolem 32

2 Relationshps of Ealuation and Accountal t toProgrammng Process 3

3 ummar of Model Characteristcs 8

ummar of Patterns of Ealuaton Theores andModels 83

5 Relationshp of Ealuation to Traning teps 88

6 ummar of Ealuation Purposes 94

7 A chematc llustration of nter-relaton etweenPurposes of Ealuation with Tpes of Ealuaton 95

8 A chematc llustration f Theoretical rameworkof the tud 5

I

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Abstract of the dssertaton submtted to the enate of Un verst PutraMa lays a In parta l fulf lm ent of the requ ements for the degree of

Doctor of Phlosophy

ATTERNS OF TRAN N G EVALUATON RACTCES AMO NGTRAN NG N STTUTONS N MAASA

By

UADAH BT HAHM

ebruary 999

Chairman: Shamsuddi n bin Ahmad Ed D

Faculty: Educational Studies

Experence has shon that one of the most eectve ays

traners can Improve ther eectveness and the tranng actvItes, In

hch they Invoved, IS through evaluaton Evauaton IS a systematc

process of coectng and anaYSng Informaton for and about a

programme hch can be used for pannng and gdng deISon

makn as e as assessng the relevance eectveness and the

Impact of varous programm e components Evaluaton In tranng IS an

e Sve concept especa y hen It comes to practce there st appears

to be more taks than acton ThS rtcsm IS largey expaned by the

unsystematc Informal and adhoc evaluaton been conducted by

tranng Insttutons

x

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alasa traig activites are motored b the govermet

agec called uma Resources Developmet Coucil rgai satos

are requred to obta tra ig servces rom the tra g sttutios that

regstered with the Coucil order to eable the orgasatos t get

remburseet or their traig expeditures here S o stud has

bee coducted to examie the practce o evaluatio I traig

amog these tra g Isttutios hiS stud examied the bacgroud

characterstcs o traii g evaluators practices o evaluatio I t ra g

a Ideted the pattes o commoal ities goverg the practce

hs s a escrptve surve research t ut sed a ed

e o o ata coecto he data were aased

scs sch as ea perceage a acor

aass

he gs o the stud revea that the trag evau ators hae

low lee o evaluato model amart he coducted evauato

based o ther past experece hough the evauators do ot

recogse st o evauato oels oud I the terature the o

coct ra eauato here are our patters o eauato

practce ae e ee: ra eauato paer exbe

c e 3 tce eaao pater a 4)

cetee eauato patte

X

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Abstra dsertas ag demuaa epada ea Uverst Putraal asia sebaga meme uh sebahaga eperlua u tu

Jazah Dotor Falsafah

CORAK AMAAN PENIAIAN ATIHAN 01 KAANGAN

INSTITUSI-INSTITUSI ATIHAN 01 MAASIA

leh

UADA B A

Februa 999

Pengerusi: Shamsuddin bin Ahmad, Ed. o.

Fakulti: Pengajian Pendidi kan

Pegalama telah meuua pelaa program latha

merupaa salah satu cara ag beresa bag urulath-u rulath utu

memperba eberesaa atvt latha ag merea edala

Pe laa latha merupaa proses pegumpula da pegaalssa

malumat ag sstemat megea sesuatu program alumat

dapat dguaa utu meracag, membatu membuat eputusa

da mela perata, eberesaa da eesaa S aduga

sesuatu program Da seg amala pelaa program latha mash

d aggap sebaga satu osep ag samar ag lebh baa

dperbcaga dapada dperasaaa Kta ! sebahaga

besara dsebaba oleh pelaa ag tda sstemat, tda rasm

da tda beadua ag d aaa oeh uru athuru ath

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CHATER

NTRODUCTON

Backgroun of th Stuy

rag s an portant tool or assstg polc leaders

goveret ocals developent proect persoel exteson

experts ad agrcultursts n the realsaton o ther prograe

obectves ad plans he topc o tran g also has geerated a lot o

excteet a cop anes Never beore has so uch atteton

bee gve to the trag o emploees ad never beore has the

trg o eploees the prvate sector bee gve such hgh

prort corporate alasa (og 996 ran g o eploees has

ga ed m uch atteton over the ears ma because compa es have

coe to realse the portace o eploees trang as a aor or

orgasatoal groh ad ths pheoeo s expected to contnue

eve though a lasa s acng an ecooc dowturn. Wth the

prevalg stuaton copanes are strugglg to copete n order to

srvve the arket Copaes ought to excel more such a tght

arket he wll have to consder to provde ore trag to ther

eploees or eploees to ee expectatos ad cotrbute to ther

copaes ( tzgerald 992 Furthermore due to the economc

dowturn retrenched ep loees a lso e ed trang to provde them

1

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with othe ew ski ll s to eable them to JOi othe compaies that mi ht

equ ie diffeet ski l s fom what they had he ewly acqu ied ski l l s

wil stad them ood stead whe the ecoomy ecoves what S

moe, the cuet wokfoce wil equie cotiual skils upadi to

keep pace with techoloica advaces

he key elemets that wi l suppot suviva l ad competitveess

lie the plaed ad cotiued taii of employees Popey

paed ad eectivey mpemeted poammes fo the deveopmet

of empoyees ith cotiuous mpovemet thouh evauatio have

esulted hihe poductiVity ad bette fiacial esuts fo

compaies (Koshy, uday ta 8 ue 998 aaYSia taii

ad deveopmet eot S suppoted by the eXistece of uma

Resouces Deveopmet ud ad by the cease of educatio

oppotuity the couty

Th Growh and Dvlopmn of Train ing in Malaysia

he aaYSi a ovemet sice he depede ce 957,

has m a ifested he commitmet towad educatio ad huma esouce

deveopmet Deveopmet appoach aaYSia S based o a fve

yea deveopmet p a Besides phYSica fastuctue developmet

pla heet of substatial pat, the key compoet developmet

pa alaYSia S educatioal ad huma esouce deveopmet

he ovemet of aaYSia has aways bee commtted to

educatioa ad huma esouce deveopmet fo both public ad

pivate sectos

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abe pesens he amoun o budge that he govenment has

aocaed fo educaon and anng the coun unde he Fs

aasa Pan 966 97 and he econd aasa P an 97

975

abe Govenmen Aocaon o ducaon and an ng

Sector

Mnstry of Education

Mnstry of Labour

MARA Tranng Dvson

MARA Technoo gy I nstitute

Tota

Second Malaysa Pa

RM448 48 miion

RM 3 70 miion

RM 42 20 mllon

RM 42 88 mllon

RM537 26 miion

Fst Maaysia Pla

RM512 1 0 mi lon

RM 1 5 m ion

RM 26 0 mlion

RM 4 0 ml lion

RM543 60 ml l o n

Poducng manpowe needed fo he economc and soca

deveopmen was emphassed as ea as dng he Fs aasa

Pan oweve the gowh of human esouce deveopme at Ina

sage was ot as estab shed as t was o 3 ea ae he

emphasIs was o educaon because the govenmet beeved that

was the e Ipu to natona deveopmen he goveme has

ecognsed he mpoance o human esouce deveopment n s

quest fo acheVn g deveoped naon staus hs commtmen was

tansaed no he esab shment and gowh of tan ng agences n he

coun ven hough the emphaSS was suctued on agcuua

deveopment he deveopment of othe feds e pub ad mn saon

and nd usa deve opment wee a so gven atenon

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able 2 shows the agences n the seected Industes that were

gven the task o tranng and development n the country hese

agences were set up to provde tran ng and development not on ly or

the r own sta but al so or the publ c

able 2 elected Agences n the elected ndustes n MalaysaResponsb le or ran ng and Deveopment

Indust

Agcutura Development

Rral Development

Cil Services

Education

Nationa Security and Pubic Order

Industria

Busess

Agences

Department of Vetena Services Maaysia

States Agricutural Depament

Federa Agricutural Marketing Authority

arm caton Authority

Fisheries Depament

Federa Land Development Authority(FELDA)

Cooperative College Maa ia

Community Development (KEMAS)

Rubber Industry Smalholders DeveopmentAuhriy (RSDA)

MARA

Nationa Youth Pioneer Corps (NYPC)

Nationa Institute of Public Administration(INTAN)

Amnuddn Bak Institute (ABI)

Center for Extension and ContinuingEducation (CECE

Roya Maaia PoleRoya Maaia Army

Malaia Prison Depament

Fire Serices Depament Maaia

Nationa Productity Corporation (NPC)

Standards and Industria Research Instituteof Maaia (SIRIM)

Maaian Institute of Management (MIM)

Priate Tran Institutions

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_ �&USTAKNn the field of agcultural d v l pm � �e

set up to carry out tranig or te armers These agencies are

Depatment of eternary Services Malaysa DS) State Agrcultural

Depatment Federal Agrcultural Marketing Athorty (FAMA) Farmers

Assocaton Authorty (LPP and Fsheres Depatment

Depatment o eternary Services Malaysia (DS) was one of

the ealiest depatment established The history of DS stated In

93 The pmary responsibility o DS had been directed towards

mproements of animal health and control of zoonotic diseases The

geneal obecties of DS are to deelp the livestock sector of the

agcultue ndust towards an economic leel of selfsuciency n al

liestock products to meet domestic demand and whenever possible

 fo expot In an envronment free from specific nfectious and exotic

diseases The roles of the DS to ceate the environment and

climate fo continued growth and development of the lestock Industry

The functons and activities are geared towards poviding technical

sevices together with egulator supesory and admnistratie and

othe supportive measures that would stimulate producton of lestock

and food of lestock orgn To acheve this the DS oered traning

programmes and developmental actiities such as beef poduction,

cowcalf scheme, fatteng scheme animal health programme,

vetenary public health programme and animal feed poduction

programme (Ahmad Mustafa Babee 99

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Agrculural deparmen was se up In every sae In he counry

wih a few ojecves irsly o Increase agriculural producivy y

means of Increasin farmers conriuion hrough echnology ransfer

and research Secondly o ear he aude of farmers oward ready

accepance of new echnology In he agrculural developmen

Tirdly, o Increase he counry's economic growh y enhancng roup

paricipaon In seleced agriculural secors, and fourhly, o provide

qualiy services oward producvy rowh To achieve hese

ojeces, Sae Agrculural Deparmen conduced ranin and

exenson programmes for hose wo are Involed In agriculural

acvies (Paang Agrcuural Depamen, Annual Repo 993

ederal Agrculural Markeng Auhory (AMA was

esalshed unde he ac of Parliamen In 965, w misson o e a

markeng agency for ocuural producs so ha I I compeie,

operang commercially and efcenly wh conrolled cos and qualy

AMA oecve I o Increase he Income of farmers, employees and

sakeholders a he same me o guaranee cusomers sasfacon n

995, AMA esalshed I own rainng Insue In Por Dckson

oers several courses and workshop, aachmen, sudy VIi,

reference cenre, and pulcaions (AMA Annual Repor 995

To furher srenghen he agriculural developmen In he

counry, he governmen has se up armers Assocaon Auhory

(LPP In 973 The purpose of his aency I o Idenfy, rain, and

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eveop genuine farmers who can provie eaership an training the

other members an sta o regiona farmers associations This

programme Invoved three main projects si eveopmen an

technca raining farm management an enrepreneurship an

management tranng

Besies eveoping the agrcutura Inustry the fishing Inustry

was not negected n orer to deeop the fshees ndustry the

government set up the sheres Department with the aim of brngng

about changes to the nationa fsheres sector so that It I commerciay

operate moern prouctive an achieve sustainabe fsheres

resources to eet the nationa deman The obectives of shees

Deparment are to Increase nationa fish prouction to manage

 fsheres resources rationay o Increase eep sea fishing

entrepreneurship, to spee up aquacuture eveopment an to

maXimise Income from the fishing Inustry shees Department

provies traiing through mane extension an fsheres training

Institute aasia ane exensions three main programmes are the

etension of fsheres is technoogy an eveopment sheres

training Institute aaysia provies eepsea fishing corps course,

engine maintenance mouar course an etc Through these

programmes the entrepreneurs were given training, continuous

consutation an gUiance on the aspects of technica nowege, sef

an group eveopment probem soving entrepreneurship an

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changes In vae and attitde epartment of Fisheries Maasia

Anna eport 4

n the fied of rra deeopment the agencies that offer

etension programme are Federa and eveopment Athorit

FA) Cooperative Coege Maasa Commnit eveopment

KMA) bber ndstr mahoders eveopment Athort

A) and MaJs Amanah akat MAA)

Federa Land eveopment Athort FLA) was set p In

16 t I a aasia government stattor bod which I engaged In

arge scae and deveopment and popation resettement activities

FE rovdes trang and deveopment of t setters throgh t

strctred deveopment programmes Man trateies were

 formated and Impemented to deveop setter Oieties that are sef

dependent reiient possess Initiatve knowedgeabe and

responibe and capabe of shaping their destinies The primar ocs

of setter deveopment programmes was on the creation of appropriae

nstittions economic deveopment and wefare of the fami

Cooperative Coege MaaYia I the on earning nstitte In

the contr that deas th coopeatve tanng t was estabshed n

56 nder the Cona Wefare and eveopment Fnd The

Maaian government had aso contribted to It deveopment b

prOViding trainng faities to cooperatve coeges Thi coege I o

proVde traning and edcation speifica In the fied of cooperative

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maagemet t a peratve Maaya ad t ther deparmet

tha have her perave evaged tha the rag

reu eetve ad effe peratve admra Cperave

Cege Maaya, Aua epr 1993)

96 the ura dutry Devepmet Authrty DA) et

up Cmmuty Devepme Deparmet KEMAS) The ma

betve f the tut eradate the teray amg adut

rura area ad t brg abu hage he attude f the mmuty

tard rura devepmet Thee ere de thrugh evera

prgramme uh a predtg the mmuty devepg the

tatve f the mmuty ad uderpg programme KEMAS

had a a prgramme aed "A Famy We-eg Mvemet GKK)

hh fue atvte uh a eduat heath, ed

geerat yuth, harmu famy evrme ad avte tha

ehae the famy me

The mmtmet t upgrade the em ad a tatu f

Bumputera dgeeu pepe) ead t the etabhet f Ma

Amaah akyat MAA) 1966 hh repaed DA. The em

ad a atu upgradg effrt ere de thrugh atvte

erepreeurhp rpra equty erhp, ad huma

reure devepme Th agey revve arud mpemetg

evera atvte area f edary eduat k trag

eduaa prhp ad mmera eduat The rbut

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of the trann dvson of MAA In these feds has been snfcant

The trann s desned to Introdce and nccate a scent eve o

trade and craft sk to ra Maas and other ndenos oths to

enabe hem to obtan podctve empome

The Natona oth oneer Corps NC) was estabshed In

966 to provde dscpnar and sk trann fo oths who cod not

norma an admsson nto other forma trann prorammes

becase of ther edcatona standards t condcted trann n eht

trades, rann from motor mechancs tractor drvn and mantenance

to taorn Maasa 9 9 ) .

n 973, the overnment se p bber ndstr Smahoders

Deveopment Athort SDA). The msson s "to estabsh a

prosperos smahoders commnt throh the deveopment of ever

aspect of soca-economc endeavor. SDA ndertakes to ofer

extenson edcaton actvtes to the farmers, ther fames and as we

as ther commntes Amon the prorammes t ofered are

repantn, farm manaement sma ndstr anma hsbandr and

marketn of arctra prodces

n the  fed of cv servce the need to tran the overnment

empoees eads to the estabshment of Natona nsttte of Pbc

Admnstraton NTAN) n 972 Ths aenc s responsbe for

trann overnment empoees n the broad areas of admnstraton

and manaement he aen rodes trann and trann