· k UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA yJ LOS ALAMOS SCIESTIFIC LABORATORY (COSTRACT W-74005-rso36) P. 0....
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k UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA y J LOS ALAMOS SCIESTIFIC LABORATORY (COSTRACT W-74005-rso36) P. 0. Box 1663 Lo+ ALAYOI, NEW MEXICO 87544 February 27, 1976 - Division of Research Grants Notional Institute6 of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Gentlemen: Enclooed please find a proposal (original plus 6 copies, IASL #P-604) prepared by the University of California, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. We propose to perform theoretical, numerical calculations of the dose- distribution of highly-ionizing particle beams in human patients. The results derived vi11 be thoee lxiunediately required in on-going experimental programs of pre-clinical radiation therapy. recognized nead for the results in experimental programs. the National Cancer Institute consider supporting our proposal. We wish to emphasize the We request that The proposal is offered to the NIH/NCI at this time with the following understandings . A. B. The work would be a collaborative effort --performed by the U of C, Los AlamDo Scientific Laboratory, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the Unlvetoity of New Mexico, and Science Applications, Inc. The Loo -os Scientific Laboratory of the U of C would provide the principal investigator, and generally direct the work. would also make the necessary contractual and/or financial arrangements with the other participating institutions and organlzatlonn to support the work with funds provided to the U of C by the NCI. The U of C The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory are U.S. government-owned f a c i l i t i e s of t h e USERDA. Work in these Laboratories can be undertaken only at the discretion of ERDA, and under the terms and conditions of contracts between the facility operating contractors (e.g., the U of C at Los Alanos) and the ERDA. ERDA, and reasonably anticipate that it will be favorably endorsed. We have submitted the enclosed proposal to the Meanwhile, we hope that receipt of the proposal at this time in advance of the March 1 deadline will permit you to include it I I 1.q in the next review cycle. / I Cf’ ’ - ‘I2 CUFIt *- FOP a;; 7 lrrt An Affirmrtivc Action/Equd Opportunity Employer . ’ , ..-.., .--: *‘ . . A* 3 . : > .W 132899.001 .. .
Transcript of · k UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA yJ LOS ALAMOS SCIESTIFIC LABORATORY (COSTRACT W-74005-rso36) P. 0....
k UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA yJ LOS ALAMOS SCIESTIFIC LABORATORY
(COSTRACT W-74005-rso36) P. 0. Box 1663
Lo+ ALAYOI, NEW MEXICO 87544
February 27, 1976 - Division of Research Grants Notional I n s t i t u t e 6 of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20014
Gentlemen:
Enclooed p lease find a proposal (or ig ina l plus 6 copies, IASL #P-604) prepared by t h e Universi ty of Cal i forn ia , Los Alamos S c i e n t i f i c Laboratory. We propose to perform t h e o r e t i c a l , numerical ca lcu la t ions of t h e dose- d i s t r i b u t i o n of highly-ionizing p a r t i c l e beams i n human pa t i en t s . The r e s u l t s derived vi11 be thoee lxiunediately required i n on-going experimental programs of pre-c l in ica l r ad ia t ion therapy. recognized nead for the r e s u l t s in experimental programs. t h e National Cancer I n s t i t u t e consider supporting our proposal.
We wish t o emphasize the W e request t h a t
The proposal is of fered t o t h e NIH/NCI a t t h i s t i m e with the following understandings .
A.
B.
The work would be a col labora t ive e f f o r t --performed by t h e U of C, Los AlamDo S c i e n t i f i c Laboratory, t he Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the Unlvetoity of New Mexico, and Science Applications, Inc. The Loo -os S c i e n t i f i c Laboratory of t h e U of C would provide the p r inc ipa l i nves t iga to r , and generally d i r e c t t h e work. would also make the necessary contractual and/or f i n a n c i a l arrangements wi th t h e o ther pa r t i c ipa t ing i n s t i t u t i o n s and organlzatlonn t o support t he work with funds provided t o the U of C by t h e NCI.
The U of C
The Los Alamos S c i e n t i f i c Laboratory and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory are U.S. government-owned f a c i l i t i e s of t h e USERDA. Work i n these Laborator ies can be undertaken only a t t h e d i sc re t ion of ERDA, and under the terms and conditions of con t r ac t s between the f a c i l i t y operat ing cont rac tors (e.g., the U of C a t Los Alanos) and the ERDA. ERDA, and reasonably an t i c ipa t e t h a t it w i l l be favorably endorsed.
We have submitted the enclosed proposal t o t h e
Meanwhile, we hope t h a t rece ip t of t he proposal a t t h i s t i m e i n advance of t h e March 1 deadline w i l l permit you t o include it
I
I 1.q i n the next review cycle. / I C f ’ ’ - ‘ I 2 CUFIt *- FOP a;; 7 l r r t
An Affirmrtivc Action/Equd Opportunity Employer ..’, ..-.., .--: *‘ . . A*
3 .:> .W 132899.001 . . .
. ..
1 I
Division of Research Grants -3- February 27, 1976
We do no t y e t have endorsements signed by appropr-ate o f f i c i a l s of t he p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n s t i t u t i o n s o ther than the U of C, but w e are assured t h a t same will soon be provided, and we w i l l forward them to your o f f i c e .
Thank you very much for your considerat ion of our proposal. We hope you w i l l be a b l e t o forward it to t h e N C I for fu r the r consideration. discussed t h i s subjec t informally with Dr. C. Herman of t he NCI.
We have
If we can provide fu r the r information of i n t e r e s t i n connection with the enclosed, w e would be pleased t o do so.
Sincerely,
Special Projects Off i ce r
ADM: r b Enc: cc: J. F. Dicello, LASL Np-3, w/o e m . HS 844
Propooal LASL #P-604 (or ig ina l and 6 copies)
SPO, w/o enc. 1-5, w/enc.
COPIED FOR HSPT
00 t32899.002
GRANT APPLICATION
&=NO 8 . 0 YES A w m v d : C. 0 YES - P m i n g R I v i m O.t.
I I TO )5 C O W i E t E D BY CIINCIPAL INVL~bGATOR lllrmr ? thw 7*rd lSAl 1. f l f U O F P I ~ L / D o r r H d ~ ~ ~ CALCULATIONS NEEDED IN PIOH AND HIGH L R RADIOTHERAPY
Scientif ic Lab.
8- s-7 . Uriiversity of California
Los Alaznom Scientff i c Laboratory Los Alamos, NM 87545 LOS A h 0 8 , 87545 -.o
P.O. Box X S I Oak Ridge, TN 37830 -.a
-l7 1 0 -0 -Pl
8-G . Science Applications, Inc. *-g
. Oak Ridge Notional Laboratory
1200 Prospect Street La Jol la , Ch 92037 . Cancer Research and Treatment Centrr
100 Camino de Saud, N.E. Albuquerque, NM 87131
A . a NO 6 . 0 VES - Not OvWrOurly r m d NA C. 0 YES - hmiwilv mmriw
Los Alamos Scientlf ic Laboratorv I 7. R n ~ r c h lnvolviq HumrnSub~ra IUI lmtl~Noa4/ j B. I nv~ntionr fllmavad Apolr.nn Only - SOH Iamwrmul
1 00~33014.001 LASL b P 4 M
1 0 9 1 1 4 1
.
John F. ~ i c d 1 o . D Staf f Member, Group Hp-3, Lo8 A l m m S c l e n t l f l c Laboratory
% T U Of MOYCT
UI t)ce -Am TO AUTRACT ylbucl emmrxcaaoia W~WI)AUTR*~.
CALCULATIONS NEEDED I N P I O N AXD HIGH LET RADIOTHERAPY o n m u RCM. O W U N E O U C T ~ V u ~ u t n O o L U N O I C l O C O C I O W r n ~
brt8lled calculations are proposed as p a r t of a coordinated therorstic.l-.xprtin.ntP e f f o r t a8soclated with p r e c l i n i c a l invest igat ions of negat ive pion bearno f o r radiotheraol It is intended t h a t t hese ca lcu la t ions provide informotion which Cannot be obtained ex- perimentally without considerably more d i f f i c u l t y o r cost. These ca lcu la t ion8 would u t i l i z e ex i s t ing computer codes t o contr ibute toward 1) t h e reduct ion of the tot81 amount of experimental e f f o r r needed f o r the inves t iga t ion of high LET r ad ia t ions i n therapy, 2) the development of broad beams appropriate f o r p a t i e n t treatment, 3) the development of appropriate col l imators , wedge f i l t e r s , and boluses , 4) prec ise and accurate dosimetry and biolonv, 5 ) precise and accurate treatment planning, and 6) a b e t t understanding of the p r e c l i n i c a l and c l i n i c a l r e su l t s .
W I L I Q S I
. 2,500 wmmc
FOREIGN TRAVEL
?ATlENT OOSTt ISH i m m r r w
ALTERATIONS AND R E N O V A T I O ~
. . .
DESCRIPTION
PERSONNEL COSTS
CONSULTANT COSTS (Inckd. fa, rmval, rcrJ
EOUIPYCNT
SWPU El
DOMISTIC TRAVEL
COCIIION
PATIENT W S f s
ALTERATIONS AND RENOVATIONS
0 T c ) I R EXPENSES
TOTAL DtAECT COSTS
*Sl mn(00 AODlTlONAL YEARS SuWoaT R E O U E M D owlic8th W v l U Y A S o 1 1
IA IUDWQ~~T) ZNO vEAn ¶no y a m 4tn YEAR s w vt*n I ~ T M YEAR rm YRAR
17,700 19,100 21,000
5.000 5,400 5,800
2,500 2,700 2,900
203,200 218,600 235 , 300
228,400 245,800 265,000
nEmnus: h t i f y a a r ~ m rarrrwfim yl.r tot WAM r*rm nrv rakaidouTer tiilik m intie awfm-m I mrrr* wrbt lnorrr ky atha-. Hanarrriwmndiinarrhemaudcauhmqum#. rirrmumwa Iulwrcl'mrcJ.r mif-J
1) The work done by Scientific Applications, Inc. will be done under a subcontract and is l i s t ed under "Other Expenses".
2) The work done by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of New Mexico will be done through a purchase order and is l i s t ed under "Other Expenses",
3) Itemization of other expenses as to personnel, computer use, indirect. etc., t o be provided.
4) Personnel costs, excluding LASL, are included in entry under *'Other Expenses".
TOTAL con ENTIRR MOCOSLO woam w n w mmrM I. 41 - s 739,200
SECTION II -PRWl!EGED CO MWNICATI(Uo* BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
MAJOR RESEARCH INTEREST
Medical P h y s i c s
John F. D i c e l l o I S t a f f Member I ' P U C E OF BIRTH /Cifr. S u n b u n s v f
ROLE 1N PROPOSED PROJECT t h e r a p y . P r i n c i p a l I n v e s t i g a t o r
RESEARCM ANDIOR PROCESSIONAL EXPERIENCE I S o n q w n p r w n t p o 8 i D O ~ . ~ ' *ad ~ IBMI IM r d m r fo m a olprsjuc L i n a11 or mar m p r u n o U v e p u b h a t i o r Do mt u c r d 3 for u h indiwdwl.)
1973 to P r e s e n t - UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOWNIX, LOS U H O S SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY: Medical DhVSiCS. dos imet ry , microdosimetry, biology, and p a t i e n t t r e a t m e n t
p l i c a t i o n of n e g a t i v e pions t o r a d i o t h e r a p y . 1967-1 973 - h Associate 1971-1972 - V i s i t i n g Researcher 1969-1972 - e s e a r c h C o l l a b o r a t o r -
, I n s t r u c t o r -
1962-1963
P u b l i c a t i o n s - See a t t a c h e d l i s t i n g
I'
REPRESENTATIVE PUBLICATIONS
3. F. Dlcello, "Review of Pion Dosimetry," review paper requested by Medical Physics, i n preparation.
H. I. Amols, J. N. Bradbury, J. F. Dicello, J . A. Helland, T. P. Lane, M. A. P a c i o t t i , D. L. Roeder, and H. E. S c h l l l a c i , "Determination of Whole Body Dose for Patients I r r ad ia t ed with Pions." I n preparation.
J. F. Dlcello, "Dosjmetry of Pion Beams," Proceedings of t ha Iaternational P.tticlr b d i 8 t l o n Therapy Workshop. I n press,
H. I. Amols, J, F. Dice l lo , and T. F. Lane, "Microdosimetry o f Negative Plop.," Proceedings of t h e F i f t h Symposium on Microdosimetry. In press.
M. M. Kligermon, G. Weit, J . F. Dicello, C. J. Sternhagen, J. E. Barnes, K. Loeff le r , F. Dobrowolski, H. T. Davis, J. N. Bradbury, T. F. Lane, D. F. Petersen, E. A . Knapp, " I n i t i a l Comparative Response to Peak P i o u s and X-Rays of Norm1 Skin and Underlylng Tissue Surrounding Supe r f i c i a l Metastatic Nodules," Presented a t 57th Annual Meeting of American Radirrpr Society, Son Juan, Pue t to Rico, May 4-9, 1975. h e r . J. Roent. Rad. Ther. Nucl. Hed., I n press .
J. F. Dicello, R. D. Colve l t , W. Gross, and U. Kral jev ic , "Beta Emisslon from Encapsulated Sources of Californiurn-252," Radiat. R e s . 74, 401-404 (1975) .
M. R. R a j u , J. F. Dlcel lo , T. T. T r u j i l l o , and W. M. Kligeman, "Biological Effects of the Los Alamos Meson Beam on Cells i n Culture." Radiology 116, 191-193 (1975).
P. Todd, C. R. Shonk, G. West, M. El. Kligerman, and J. Dicello, "Spatial Dis t r fbut ioa of Effec ts of Negative Pions on Cultured Human Cells." 180, 186 (1975).
Radiology 116, 179-
H. I. Amols, J. F, Dicel lo , T. Lane, G. Pfeufer, J. A. Helland, and H. B. Knowlas, "Microdosimetry of -Negative Pions a t LANPF." Radiology 116, 183-185 (1975) .
M. M. Kligennan, J. F. Dicel lo , H. T. Davis, R. A. Thomas, C. A. Sternhagen, L. Comez and D. F. Petersen, " I n i t i a l Comparative Response of Experimental Tumors t o Peak Pions and X-Rays." Radiology 116, 181-182 (1975).
R. C. Rodgers, J. F. Dicel lo , and U. Gross, "The Biophysical Properties of 3.9-V Nitrogen Ions, XI. Microdosimetry." Radiation Res. 54, 12 (1973).
J. F. Dicello, W. Gross, and 3. Xraljevic, "Radiation Quality of Californium-252," Phys. Pled. Diol. l7, 345 (1972).
J. F. Dicello, G . Igo, W. T. Leland, and F. G . Perezo "Di f f e ren t i a l Elastic Cross Sections for Protons between 10 and 22 l l e V on (1971).
Ca," Phys. Rev. C2, A, 1130
J, F. Dicello and G. Igo, "Proton Tota l Reaction Cross Sections i n the 10-2O-HtV Range: Calcium40 and Carbon-12," Phys. Rev. C2, 488 (1970).
J. F. Diccllo, G . Igo, and E!. L. Boush, "Proton Tota l Reaction Cross Section8 for 22 Isotopes of T I , Fe, N i , Cu, Zr, and Sn a t 14.5 XeV," Phys. Rev. x, 1001 (1967).
COFIE3 FOR K s ET330 14.006
I
Publicat ioru - 2 -
C. J. Igo, J. F. Diccllo, and H. L. Roush, "Total Reaction Cross Section6 for 14.S- MeV Protom from 22 Separated 1soto;re Targets of T i , Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, .nd Sn," In t e rna t iona l Conference of Nuclear Physics, Cat l ipburg, TN (1966).
J. Dicello, G. Igo, rpd H. L. Roush, "The Anomalous Dip i n T o t a l Reaction Cross Sections i n the Nickel Region," Phys. Letters 23. 685 (1966).
J. Dicello, J. Geiger, 2. O'Frlel , and S. Sullivan, Exuerimente i n Ph~rics, St . Boarrventure Universi ty , 1963.
H. Amols, W. Awachalom, J. Bradbury, T. J. Boyd, E. Bush, L. Coulson, J. Dfcdlo, R. Faulkner, B. A. Jameaon, S . Johnsen, E. A. Knapp, J. S tova l l , D. A. Sy.nsou, and R. Ther i r , "Pan& Neutrons: Dosimetry and Recent Developments i n loa tia-rr Acceler8tors." Dosimetry, Rljswtjk, Netherlands. Xay 19-21, 1976. Extended a b a t r a c t to b publiohed i n the proceedings.
To be presented a t the Workshop on Phys ica l Data for
E. I. Amols, J. 1. Bradbury, J. F. Dicello, J. A. Hrlland, T. F. Lane, H. A. Pac io t t l , 0 . L. Roeder, and M. E. Schl l lacf , "Determination of the Shole Body Dose f o r P a t i e n t s I r r ad ia t ed with Pions." To be presented a t t h e Workahop on Physical Data f o r Neutron Dosimetry, R i j s w i j k , Metherlands. Hay 19-21, 1976. Extended a b s t r a c t t o be published in the Proceedings.
J. F. Dlcello, "Prec l in ica l Research i n ?ion Radiotherapy." To be presented a t the University of Nebraska, May, 1976.
J. F. Dicello, "Biomedical Pion Program a t LAEIPF." The Univers i ty of Texas Health Science Center a t Dallas. February, 1975.
J. F. Dicello, E. A. Kpapp, and L. Rooen, "Application of P a r t i c l e Acceler8mr8 in Medicine." NATO, Hodena, I t a l y . October, 1974.
Advanced Study I n s t i t u c e on High LET Radiat ions and Cancer Therapy.
J. F. Dicello, "Microdosimetry fo r Radiations with Therapeutic Applications," Lo6 A l a m o s S c i e n t i f i c Laboratory, June, 1973.
J. F. Dicello, 'Wcrodosimetry and Its k;plication to Radiobiology." Radfologicrl Sciences Laboratory, New York Deparcsent of Health, Elarch, 1973.
J. F. Dicello, "Proton To ta l Reaction Cross Sections between 10 and 22 MeV." Los Alamoa Scicnt i f ic Laboratory, December, 1967.
Numerous r epor t s and a b s t r a c t s not included.
COFlED F 3 E HSPT
?
Signa X i , 6.1 Fellow, American Physical Socfety, Ethel Et, Rubelson Lecturer f n Ra 10 ogy, niversity of Minnesota f4edical School
W R RGSOAACH I H I E R E S T ROLE IN PROPOSED PROLECT
I Physicist Pion Radiobioloqy and Dosirnetrv S S E A R C H SUZPORT / S . . i n a n * ~ & d
. -
197 l - P re s en t
1961-1971
I
1956-1961
Las Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Unfversity o f Cal f fornfa OrganSzed the' Biomedical Steering C o r d t t e e and 8 subcamit tees f a r LPJIPF; conpiled a s e t o f recornendations fron t h e committees i n t o a f i n a l report. Received tcro grants fo r p i o n radiotherapi work froin t h t American Cancer Society. Instrumented a system far analyzing pion beans using silicon 2nd scintillation detectors W c h will g i v e t k contaminations, spatial distrfbutions o f a l l par t i c l e s , and low and h i g h LET dose distr ibutfans
ed a d led the dosimetric and rzdiobiolog-
adiotheraPY studies; received an award ur pien radiotherapy s t u d i e s . f o r organizing the Biomedical Steering
a
experiments on pfQn radiotherapy work at 7 received about 8 grants from the M e r i c a n Cancer Society, grants f r o n the AEC, and 2
1 0 3 I 15 h f r a c t u r i n g fur increasing o i l p roduc t ion . 0 0 1 ~ 1 4 . C l D 8
1946-1956 rked on the proton lfnsar
accelerator and the cyclotron; proton scattering mrk on 3 2 4 l e V protons on hydrogen; studied production of p o s i t i r a a b negative pions by protons on carbon and hydrogen,
los Alamor Scjentjfic Laboratory, University o f Californfa Staff Member, Theoretical Dlvis ion; studies of slowing down o f neutrons and cr i t ical mass calcutations
. 1942-1946
PUBLICAT I OFfS Deuteron Djsjntegration by' Electrons, with B. Peters, Physical Review, SS,
004 (1341). Angular Dltt r lbut jon In Deuteron Disfntegration by Electmns, (A), Phyrfal Revieu, 61, 203 (1942).
Th-uc?%n o f Slow Neutrons i n a Czrbon Block, with To Snyder and RJ, W I 11 lams, U.S. Atomic Energy C m i ssion Report I4DDC-302, Sept, (1946).
Drift Tubes for Linear Proton Accelerator, (A ) , w i t h F. Oppenheimer and L.H. Johnston, Ph sical Review, 70, 447 (1946).
Init ial Perfomce *Pr=Gn o a Linear Accelerator, (A), with L,Y, Alvarez, H. Btadncr, H. Gordon, L.C. Mirshall, F. Oppenheimer, W.K.H. Panofsky, R. Serber, C. Turner, and J.R. k'oodyard, Science, 106, 506 (1947).
On the Neutron-Proton Scattering Cross Section, w i t h D. Bohn, Physical Review, 7'1 567 (1947).
Reziant Cavities, Electronic Lecture Scries, BP-94, Septenber 17 (1947). Control o f the Fie ld Di s t r ibu t ion in the Linear Accelerator Cavity, with !,$.KO
H, Panofsky, Physical Review, 73, 535 (1948). - Apparatus f a r Measuring Proton-Proton Scattering a t 32 b!eV Usfng Proportional
Counters, (A), with 6. Cork and L. Johnston, Bulletin of the American Physical Societv, 24, 214 (1949).
krkeley Proton Linear Accelerator, w i t h 1. Alvarez and others, UCRL-236
An Experiment f o r Measuring Heavy Eleson Production by High Energy Particles, (A), with H. Wilcox, presented a t t h e December 29-30, I949 meeting o f the American Physical. Society a t Stanford University, Physical Review, 78 85
kasurement o f the Production of Positive and Negatfve Mesons by 345 MeV Pro- ton on Carbon, (A), w i t h H.A. Wilcox, presented a t the Decenber 20-30, 1949 meet3ng of t he American Physical Society at Stanford University, Ph sfcal Review, 78, 85 (1950). also Classified Document ILA-38, Lawrence + diation
Production Cross-Sections for rr+ and T- Mesons by 345 l4eV Protons on Carbon a t 90' t o the Beam, ( L ) , with H.A. Wilcox, Physical Review, 78, 496 (1950).
The Production o f IT+ Mesons by Protons on Protons i n t h e DirecEon o f the Beam, (L), w i t h F. Cartwright, M. Whitehead, and H.A. tlflcox, Physical Review, 78 823 (1950).
Proton-Proton Scattering a t 31.8 ReV Proportional Counter 'Methods, with B, Cork and L. Johnston, Physical Review, 2, 71 (1950),
(1949).
(1950) -9
Laboratov.
-'
0 . CC?LD FOS
1 0 9 I - i s 5 00133014.009
Production of a a+ Meson Eeah Using the Deflected Proton Beam of t h e IS&i:nch Synchtocyc1otron, (L), w i t h M. Skinner, 3. 1-territt, and 8, Youtz, Physl-1 Review, 80, 900 (1950).
Scattering o f n+ Morons on Carbon, (A) , w i t h M. Skinner, Physfcal Review, 83, 217 (1951)-
On the Angular Distribution o f the r+ h S O n S from 341 FleV Protons on Pmtons, (L), with M. Nhftthtad, Ph s i ca l Review, 83, 855 (1951).
p + p + d + 3'. with K, 14. Watson, Ph s i ca l Review, 83, I256 (1951). On the Angular Distr ibut ion + and the o a r i r a t i o n of t h e Deuteron f n the Reactton
The Productfon o f ~r+ and 7- Kesons by + 34 He rotons at 90' t o t he Beam fmrn Carbon and Lead, with M. Weissbluth and H.A. Wilcox, Physical Review, 8 5 - 1 6 1 (19521,
The-Pro&&on of Pos i t ive Pions by 341 b!eV Protons on Protons, with W. f. Cart. Wright, M.N. Whitehead, and H.A. Wilcox, Physfcal Review, 9l, 677 (1953).
The Berktley Proton Linear Accelerator, w i t h LOLL Alvarez, H. Bradner, JOT, Finch H . Gordon, J, Gow, L.C, Marshall, F. Oppenheimer, W.K.H. Panofsky, and 3.R. bloodyard, Rev. Scf. Insti., 26, 2, 111 (1955)-
On the Dosimetry of Negative PEns w i t h a View Toward The i r Use in Cancer Therepy w i t h H. Aceto, I.I.R. Raju, 5. Schwartz, and M. tleissbluth, Spring 1964, Semi-
Berkeley, California. The Therapeutic Possibi l i t ies o f rlegativs Pions, Preliminary Physical Experiments
annaal Report Bioloay and Medicine, 114, Donner Lab, University o f California, - w i t h H. Aceto. I L R , R a j u , End 3. Schwartz, American Jounral of Rcentacnology.
Pior. Studies with S i l i con Detectors. with K.R. Raju 2nd H. k e t o , ihclear - -
Instruments and k t h o d s , 37, 152-158 (1SSf). Lithium-Drifted S i l i con Detector Used a s a Pulse Dosimeter, w i t h 1.I.R. Raju. EJ, - - -
Larcpo, S.8, Curtis, and J.M. Spetinde, UCRL-16924 (delivered a t t h e 13th fluclear Science Symposium on Instrumentation i n Space tnd k b o r a t o r y , Boston, Massachusetts) (1966).
r Mesons, Radiobiology, and Cancer Therapy, C. Richman, Proceedings o f the Ftrst International Symposium on the Bfological In t e rp re t a t ion of Dose from Accel- erator-Produted Radiation, 346-348 (1967). .
A Review o f the Physical Characterist ics of Pion Beams, with 13.R. Raju and $,Bo Curtis, Proceedings o f the First International Swposiun on the Biological In t e rp re t a t ion of Dose f rom Accelerator-P roduced Radiation, 349-367 (1967)-
Studies of Vicia Root Meristems Irradiated w i t h f Beam, with S.P. Richan, MOR,
Effect of Negative Pions on the Prol i ferat ive Capacity o f Ascites Trnor Cells (lymphoma) i n Vivo, w i t h 3.M. Peola, I4.R. Raju, SOB. C u r t i s , and J-H. Lawrence, Radiation Research, 34, 70-78 (1968).
Physical and Radiobiological Aspects of Negative Pions with Reference to Radio- therapy, with M.R, Rajo. Presented a t the XI1 h t e r n a t i o n a l Congress o f Radio- logy, October 6-11, Tokyo, Japan. GANN Konograph on Radiology of Cancer, b. 9, 105 (1970).
The RBE of Negative Pions i n 2-day-old Ascites Tmors, with J-M. Feota, MOR, b j u , and J.H. Lawrence, Radiation Research, E, 637 (1970).
The Oxygen Effect of n' Mesons in V i c i a faba, with M.R. Raju, N. Aner, and M, Gnanapurani, UCRL-18644, Radiation Research, 9, 135-144 (1970).
Regative s Meson Therapy: Physical and Biological Considerations, with f4.R. Raju, Chapter i n Current Topics i n Radiation Research, edited by M, Ebert and A. Howar to be published by North-Holland Pub1 ishing Company, Anstetdam (1970).
Recornendations f o r Implementing Radiotherapy With Negative Pions a t LAKPF, LAMPF Biomedical Steer ing Comit tee , Chain Richan, Lor Alanos. LA Remt t 1977 f i n
- Raju, and B. Schwartr, Radiation Research, L, 182-189 (1967)*
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S t a t i s c i c z l Assistant, Process Engineering Division, 1956-1962
Publicat ions - See attached l i s t i n g
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Barbara L. Bishop Publica t Ions
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- --- .-.-.-- , -..---- ... . ... - . . . . Literature Sunthy of Rodiochtnicrl Crass-Section Data Below 425 &v (with H. W, Bertini, E!. P. Guthrie, a d E- €I- Pickell]
Representative Results in Graphical form ftom c0;rrpUtcr h- BLlpu of the Low-Energy Intranuclear-Cascade CXculation (with H. W. Bartini and 1.1. P. Guthrie) ORNL-4128=UC-S4-Physics, CFSTI (August 1967) The Abrorbod Dose and Dose Equivalent f r o m N t p r t i v d y and‘ P o s i t f m l ~ Charged Pions in the Energy Range 10 to 2000 NeV (with R. G. Almiller, Jr. and T. If. Amstrong] O~~t-4592-UC-34-Physics: Nuclear Science ami Enghemng 43, 257-266 (1971) ; ORm-’I3L3105 (September 1970)
Calculation of the Absorbed Dose and Dose Equivalent Induced by mim- Energy Neutrons and Protons and Comparison with Exprirnent (with T. N. Armstrong) (FL’JL-4800; Radiation Research 47 581-588 (19711 ; Procccdinm of t b National Smosiun on Natural d Elamt&-t Radiation 51r Space, 123,
Monte Carlo Calculations of High-Energy Kuzleon-XItson Cascades & Comparfron uith Experiment (rcith T. k’, Amstrong, R. C. Almiller, Jr., and K- C. Chandler) OZFL-Tbl-3657; Nuclear Science and Engineering 49, 82-92 ( S e p t d t t 1gt;t)
The Impact of Annexation on t he Growth of Adult lhite and Nonwhite popu- lations of Cities; 1960-1970 (with P. N. Ritchey and C. A. Grarnetbaucr) mineog~aph paper t o Housing znd Urban Devtlopn*nt (1974) Conpanents of Change €or the Adult Populations of C i t i e s by Age; Sex, ond Color (with P. N. Ritchey) OZKL-UR-117, Volumes 1-9 (September 1974) Documentation of Data Fi le: Components of h g e for. tho Mult Populations of Cities by Age, Sex, and Color (with P. 8 . Ritchey)
ORNL-38844JC-34-Phy~i~~ (October 1966)
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ORXL-UR-121 (February 19751
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YEAR SCIENTIFIC, CONFERRED FIELD OEGREE
MAJOR R E S E k a C H INTEREST l q . 0 ~ ~ IN PSOPOSEO PP.O.!!CT
Theoretical Calculations I Eiedical P h y s i c s
- RC$EAK-.L'H SirFiORT I k o innn,cUonr)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak i i idge, Tennessee-Physicist, Health Physics Division 1963-Present
Publicat . ions - See attached l i s t i n g
CIO 1 -330 I 4.0 1 3
I I HONOHS
RES5 ARCH At;OrJR ?aOFESS I 0% A l. EXPERIENCE ( S i n , f 4 w:n c 'ccnt p m n ' m , Itsf rr?r -v i and rxpnnmcr r t l o r n r to arc# of prajccc Lib? 8!l
of m a t ~ r a c n r r t r r a pubbyt/on& Do mt r x c r d 3 p g r r !or rrch ind v r d d . I
Associate Director, Health Physics Div i s ion , Oak Ridge Kational Laboratory V i s i t i n g Scientist Lecturer i n Physic V i s i t i n g Assistant P h y s i c i s t , Health Physics Div i s ion , Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1962-Present R a d i o l o g i c a l Phys ic is t I n s t r u c t o r o f Physics,
P u b l i c a t i o n s : See a t tached listing
COPiED FOP HSPT
d 9
Chief, Biological and Radiation Physics Section Health Physics Di National Laboratory, 1972-Present
V i s i t i n g S c i e n t i s t , 1971-19 7 2 1 9 6 9-P r esent
Ridge National Lab Instructar of Hathematics, f I \ 1958-1962 I n s t r u c t o r of Phys ic s and Mathematics, l-j,
Publications - See attached listing
. v i s i o n , Oak Mdge
'Oratory, 1962-Present
1956-1958
1. J. E. Turner, J. Dutrannois, H. A= Wright, J- and A. H. Sullivan Calculation of Pion Depth-Dose Curves and Coqmrison with Eqwriumt in PROCEERIKGS OF IVth XNTERMTIOXAL CONGRESS OF RADIATTOK RES- Evian, Frurce, June 28-July 4 , 1970 ERN DXIHPI132, Dacember 1970
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2. J. E. Turner, H. A. Wright, and R. N- Hamu Pion Bern Dosimetry: Comparison of Experiment md Theoxy and O t b r Studies in PROCEEDINGS OF INTERKATIONAL CONGRESS OS PROTE~IQN AGAINST ACCELERATOR AND SPACE RADIATTON, Geneva, Switzerland, A p r i l . 26-30, 19n
3. J. E. Turner, J. Dutrannois, H. A. wright, R. N. Hawa, J. B a a r l i , A. H. Sullivan, I!. J. Berger, and S. M. Seltzer A Method of Calculating Pion Depth-Dose Curves i n Water and -h with Experiment Radiation Research 52, 229-246 (November 1972) -
1. .I. R. Dutnnnois, R. N . H m , J. E. Turner, and H- A. Wright Analysis of Energy Deposition in Water around the Site of Captun of 8 Negative Pion by an Oxygen or Carbon Nucleus Phys. Medicine and Biology 17, 765-770 (1972) -
5. J. R. Dutrumois, H4 A. Wright, J. E. Turner, and R. N. Hamm Estimations of Pion and Pion- Quality Factor and RBE fur Survival of T-1 Human Kidney Cells Int. J. R a d . Biology 23 421 (19731
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6. J. E. Turner, R . S. Hamm, and H. A. Piright Cliczoscopic Description of Energy Deposition in Tissue by Pion Beams in PROCEEDINGS OF FOURTH SYblWSILccr ON b i I C R ~ O S ~ P ~ R Y , Verbania Pallanra, I ta ly , September 24-28, 1973
7. H. A. Wright, R. N. Hamm, and J. €. Turner Dose, Dose Equivalent, Effective Dose md Cell Survival from Negative Pi0 in PROCEEDINGS OF THIRD 1hTERiWT"T'ONAL COXSRESS OF IhrIZRNAlIONAL W f A T I ~ Y PROTECTION ASSOCIATIOX, Kashington, DC, September 24-28, 1973
8. H. A. Wright, R . N. Haram, and J . E. Turner Estimation of Dose Equivalent and Average Quality Factors for Beams Health Physics 27 3-8 (July 1974)
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-J .. 9. R. N, Hanun, H. A. \\'right, and J . E. Turner
Nontc Carlo Treatment of Nulriple Coulomb Scattering i n Pion-Beam Dose Cal cu 1 at i on s Journal of Applied Physics 46, 4445-4452 (October 10, 1975)
10. J. E. Turner, H. A. b i g h t , and R. S. Haarm Estimated K-Values for Xcgativc Pions in Xitrogen and Argon Health Physics 29, 792-791 (Kovcnber 1975) -
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11. R, N. H a , H. A. Wright, and J. E. Turner Effects of Tissue Inhomogeneities on Dose Patterns i n C y l i a m Irradiated by Negative Pion Beams Oak Ridge Rational Laboratory Report ORiiL-T3LSOS8 (1975)
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J. E. Turner, C. D. Zerby, R. L. )Eoodyard, H. A- Wright, W. E. Itinnmy, W. S. Snyder, and J. Neufcld Calculation of Radiation Dose from Protons t o 400 EteV Health Physics 10, 783-808 (November 19641 - J. Wfeld, W. S. Snyder, J. E . Turner, and Hurt1 Ifright Calwlrt ion af Radiation Dose from Protons and Neutrons t o 400 W He8lth Physics 12, 227-237 (February 19661 - J. E. Turner Theoretical Methods in the Dosimetry of High-Energy P8rticles Proceedings of First AEC Symposiun on Accelerator Radiation Dortstry and Experience, Brookhaven Notional Laboratory, November 3-5, 1965 C0?4F-651109, USAEC, 1966, pp. 346-364
K. Kotoh and J. E. Turner A Review of Elementary Particle Interactions for High-Energy DosirOtry Health Physics 13, 831-843 (1967). - J. E. Turner, 1'. E. Anderson, H. A. Wright, W. S- Snyder, and 3, Neufefd Dose from High-Energy Radiations at an Interface between TMO E I e d i a in PROCEEDINGS FIRST INTERSATIONAL SY?4€QSIUN OX THE BIOLOCTCAL INTERPRETATTOX OF DOSE F R O l ACCELERATOR-PRODUCED RADIATIOa Edited by Roger Wallace U.S. AEC/DTI COBF-67030S, ?p. 306-317 (1967)
R. 8. Vora, M. A. Prasad, and J. E. Turner Effect of Delta-Ray Buildup in High-Energy Dose Calculations Health Physics 15, 139-143 (186s) - U. S. Snyder, H. A. Uright, J. E. Turner, and J. Neufcld Calculations of Depth Dose from Neutrons and Protons of High Energy pnZ their Interpretation for Radiation Protection Trans. American Nuclear Society 11, No. 1, 391 (1968) - J. E. TOrner, V, E. Anderson, H . A. Wright, W. S. Snyder, and J. Neufeld Radiation Dose from High-ESergy Nucleons in Targets Containing Soft Tissue and Bone Radiation Research 35, 596-611 (September 1968) -
Jacob h'eufeld, V. E. Anderson, H a w e l Wright, h'. S. Snyder, and J, E. Turn= Effects of Phantom Geometry on Dose Distribution in PROCEEDINGS FIRST IhTERSATlOSAL COXCRESS OF FL4DIATfOii PROTECTION (Rme, Italy, September 5-10, 1966) Pergamon Press, Nerz York (!gas), pp. 1469-1472
Hamel \\'right, E. E. Branstetter, Jacob h'eufeld, J. E. Turner, and W. S. Snyder Calculation of Radiation Dose due to High-Energy Protons in PROCEEDI3GS OF FIRST IXTERSATIOXAL COSGRESS OF RADSATTOS PROTECI'IOX [Roz Italy, September 5-10, 1966) Pcrgomon Press, Sew York (1968) pp. 1487-1492
00133014.018 .
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bmel A. Might, 1'. E. Anderson, J. E. Turner, Jacob Neufeld, 8nd
U. 5 . Snyder Calculation of Radiation Dose due t o Protons and Neutrons with Energies fro0 0.4 to 2.0 GcV Health Physics l6, 13-31 (January 1969)
W. S, Snyder, H. A. Wright, J. E. T u n e r , and J . Neufeld Calculations of Depth-Dore Curves for High-Energy Ueutrons md Ratonr and their Interpretation for Radiation Protection Nuclear Applications 5, 336-343 (Apil 1369)
J. Neufeld, If. S. SNyder, J . E . Turner, Harvel Wright, B. M. Nheatley, m d H.Nyckoff Radiation Dose from Neutrons and Protons in the Energy Range frrrr 400 NeV to 2 GeV ICRP Report (Task Croup on High Energy Radiations) Health Physics 17, 449-457 (September 1969)
J, E. Turner, R. V. Vor8, hl. A. Prasad, V. .No Neelavathi, and T. S, Subrmnir n Contributions of Spin, Anomalous blagnetic Moment. and Form Fact- t o the Stopping Power of Natter for Protons and Muons at Extreme Relativ- i s t i c Energies Physical Review 185 453-457 (July 10, 19691
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J. E. Turner, Patricia Dalton Roecklein, and R . B. Vora Mean Excitation Energies for Chmical Elements Health Physics (Note) 18. 159-160 (February 1970)
R. 8. Vora and J. E. Turner Stopping Power of Matter for Deuterons a t Extreme Relativistic Eaergics Physical Review g, 2011-2014 (March 1970)
H. A. Wright and 3.E. Turner Free-Huclcon Target Nodel A p ~ l ied to Penetration and Dote Calculations for 200 and 400 MeV Protons and Xeutrons Health Physics 18, 711-720 (June 19701
J. E. Turner and H. A. Wright Calculation of Dose from High Energy Nucleons in PROCEEDIHGS 2nd INTERNATSOSAL CONFEREXCE ON ACCELERATOR DOSfb-Y ARD EXPERIENCE (Stanford, CA, Novenber 5-7, 1969) .
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H. A. Nright and 3. E. Turner Free-Nucleon Target Model Applied to Nuclear Penetration through Matter Trans. American Nuclear Society z. 968-969 (1969)
3. E. Turner Calculations of the Penctration of Charged Particles through Matter at Very High Energies i n PENETRATIOS OF CHARGED PARTICLES IN UAT'ER: A SYWOSIUN Xational Academy of Sciences, Kathington, DC, 1970) pp. 48-58 M)133014.019
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H. A. b i g h t , R. S. H a u ~ a , and J . E. Turner Effect of Lateral Scattering on Absorbed Dose frola 400 Nev Neutrons and Rot in PROCEEDINGS IYERNATIOSAL COXCRESS ON PROTECTION AGAIKST ACC~LERATOR &XI SPACE RADIATIOS Geneva, Switzerland, April 26-30, 1971
J. E. Turn-, V. N. Neelavathi, R . B . \'ora, and 3. S. Bfsht Generalized Foxnulation of Stopping-Power Theory for Nucleons in th. First Born Approximation Physical R e v i e w 88, No. 9, 4053-4056 (November 1, X973)
J. E. Turner, H. A. Wright, R . N. Hzm Radioprotection 2, 131 (1974)
H. A. Wright, G . S. Hurst, and E. 8 . Wagnar An Application of the Generalized Concept of Dosimetry t o Space Radiations PROCEEDINGS OF SECm syt.IPOSIUN OS PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATIOSS IN SPm (Gatlinburg, RJ, October 12-14, 1964) NASA SP-71 (June 1965)
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W. S. Snyder, J . Neufeld, and J. E . Turner Calculation of Dose Due t o High Energy Particles Health Physics 8 , 458 (1962)
J. S. McIntish, S . C . Park, and J. E. Turner On the Elastic Scattering of Heavy Ions Physical Review 117, 1281 (1960)
J. E. Turner Calculations of the Penetration of Charged Particles through E I a t t e ~ at Very High Energies in PEXETIUTIOX OF CHARGED PARTICLES IN MATER: A Sn4POSTtM National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 1970, p?. 48-58
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J. E. Tumer and Hal Hollister The Possible Role of Moraentum i n Radiation Dosimetry Health Physics 8 , 523-531 (1962) - J. E. Turner The Possible Role of Momentum in Radiation Dosimetry - X I , tmariam t o Charged or Uncharged Particles and Implications
J. E. Turner and Hal Hollistcr On the Relationship of the Velocity of a Chargad Particle to Its R8-q
Biological Effectiveness (RBE) N8t-e 208, 36 (1965) - H.Hollirter and J. E. Turner The Possible Role of Momentum i n Radiation Doshetry - 1x1. w b on the 1362 ICRP/ICRU Reporr Health Physics 12 949-953 (1966) -, W. J. HcConnell, H. H. Hubbell, Jr ... R. N. H a m , R. H. Ritchie, .nd R. D. Birkhoff Electron Slowing-Down Spectrum in Cu of Beta Rays from %I Physical Review 138 A1377 (1965) -’ W. J. McConncll, R. N. H a m , R. H. Ritchie, and R, D. Birkhoff Electron Flux Spectra in Aluminum; Analysis for LET Spectra and Excitation and Ionization Yields Radiation Research 33, 216-228 (February 2968) - D. R. Nelson, J. G. Czrter, R. D. Birkhoff, R. N. t h 8 and L, G, Augenstcin Yield of Luminescence from X-Irradiated Biocherricals Radiation Research 32, 723-745 (December 1967) - R. D. Birkhoff, J. E. Tmer, V. E. Anderson, J. M. Feolr and R. W, )Irrr The Detcrminotion of LET Spectra fronr Energy-Proportional PuZseHeight Measurements. 1. Track-Length Distributions in Cavities Health Physics 18, 1-14 (2970) - J. E. Turner Calculation of Stopping Poser of a Heavy Charged Particle i n Matter Health Physics E, 1255-1263 (December 1967)
K. 2. Morgan and 3, E. Tunc:, Editors
John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Stk’ York, 1967 PRINCIPLES OF RXDIATION PROTECTICr:; - A TEXTBOOK OF HEALTH PHYSICS
J. Neufeld, L. C . Emerson, F. J. Davis, and J. E, Turner The Passage of Heavy Charged Particles, Gamma Rays, and X-Rays through Matter in PRIXCIPLES OF R4DTATIOS PROTECT103 - A TEXTBOOK OF HEALTH PtIYSICS K . Z . Morgan and J. E. Tuner, Editors John k’iley and Sons, I n c . , Xew York, 1967, pp. 76-113
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E. T. Arehua, R. N. Hamm, and M. N. Williams Optical Proper t ies and Electron Attenuation Lengths from Photoelectr ic Yield Ncasurmanto Journal of the Optical Society of America 63 Mo. 9, 1131-1134 (Sept. 1973) -*
P a t r i c i a Dalton and J. E. Turner N e u Evaluation of Mean Exci ta t ion Energies for Ut8 in Radiation D o r i u t r y H e a t h Physics I f , 257-262 (1968) - J. E. Turner, R. 0. Birkhoff, V. E. Anderson, E- 1- Wagner, and H. A. Mgh- Monte Cprlo Method of Determining LET Spectra from Pulse-Height -: in PROCEEDINGS 2nd SYNPOSSWl 09 NCRODOSXMETRY (Ispm&, Italy, Octo- 20-24 1969) Coramission of t h e European Communities (EURAlTXI), Brussels, Bolgir January 1970, p. 373
Cmelius E. Klots and Harvel Wright Aspects of Degradation Spectra Infeznational Journal of Radiation Physics znd Chemistry 1, 191-200 {l?7I]
Jacob Kcufeld and Harvel Wright Radiation Levels pnd Fluence Conversion Factors Health Physics - 23, 183-136 (August 1972)
Jacob Neufeld, H. A. Wright, and R. N. Hmm A Comparison of Two-Component Models of C e l l u l a r Surv iva l in PROCEEDINGS OF F m T H S~?4?OSI~4 OS NICRODOSIt-lETlZY Verbania Pa l l an ra , I t a l y , September 24-28, 1973
J. E. Turner Effects of She l l Correct ions t o Stopping Power fn Theoretical Dose Studies in PROCEEDIXGS SyE.Ip0STuF.I OS THE DOSIMETRY OF IRRADIATIOSS FRO31 SOURCES. Paris, France, Xovember 23-27, 1964 Service Central de Protect ion Contrc l c s Rayonnema~s Ionisants, Le Vesinet, 1968, pp. 53-59
J. E. Turner and Hal H o l l i s t e r RBE, LET, z, v ; Some Further Thoughts Health Physics 17, 356 (Augast 1969) - G. S. Hurst and J. E. Turner ELENENTARY RADIATION .PHYSICS John Wilcy and Sons, New York, 1969
J. E. Turner, V. E. Anderson, R . D. Birkhoff, and D. R. Johnson ne Determination of LET Spectra fron Energy-Proportional Pulst-Height Measurements - TI. A Nonte Carlo Unfolding Procedure Health Physics 18, 15-24 (1970) - R. B. Vora, V. Ei. Neelavathi, J. E. Turner, T. S. Subramanian, and N. A. Prasad Semiclassical Estimation of Seutron Stopping Power Physical R e v i e w 83, 2929-2955 (Nay 1, 1971)
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I , CENTRAL DOSIME'TRY (continued)
23. J. E. Turner Meaning urd Assessment of Radiation Quality f o t Radiation Protection in PROCEUIIHGS OF SYt4POSIUN OS BIOPHYSICAL ASPECTS OF RADIATION QuALXlY (Lucos Heights, N.S.W., Australia - Flarch 8-12, 1971) (Ictarnational Atomic Energy Agency IizEA-sM-145/3, Vimno, 1971) p. 55
24. J. E. Tumer and C. E. Klots Status of the Theory of Delta-Ray Production
October 18-22, 1971 EUR 4810 d-f-e (19721, pp. 31-69
' in PRocEfpINGS THIRD SYMPOSIW OS MSCROOOSIEETRY [Stresa, Italy)
25. J. E. Turne~, V. N. Neelavathi, R. B. Vora, and J. S. Bisht Genarrlirrd Formulation of Stopping-Power Thto~y for Nucleons fn the First Born Approximation Physical R e v i e w - B8, No. 9, 4053-4056 (November 1, 19731
26. J. E. Turner, R. K. Khrr, D. Arora, J. S. Bisht, V. N. Neelavathi, and R. B. Vora Quantum-Mechanical Calculation of Neutron Stopping Power Physical Review 88, No. 9, 4057-4062 (November 1, 1973)
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S t a f f Scient is t , S c i e n t t f i c Agpl ications; Tnc.
Consul tan t , Los Alanos S c i e n t i f i c Labora tory , Las .Alems, [:el,, ~.fsxiccr Staff S c i e n t i s t , JRB A s s o c i a t e s , La Jatla, California
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PUBLICATIONS:
. Over t h i t t y f ive journa l publ ica t ions on the developncnt and appl'ieaWon of calculatfonal mthods for r a d i a t i o n transport, nfth applki3tfont in m a r e a s o f highenergy accelerator shfelding, space physics, dose and bfologjcaf e f ? e by nucleons and charged pions, high-La r a d i a t i o n f o r radiotherapy, and tadfatfan dosimctyy. Recent r e l evan t publ ications include:
Tony W. Anstrong and K.C. Chandler, "Calcu la t ions Related to t h o f,ppllcatfm of S i l i con Detectors i n Pion Radiobiology," ( t o be published in Nucl, Instr. k t h , ) ,
T.W. Armstrong and K.C. Chandler, "Calculatfons on T i s s u e Equivalence far== r f4esons," ( t o be published i n Nucf. Instr. Meth.).
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R.G. Alsmiller, Jr,, R.T. Santoro, T.W. Armstrong, 3. Barish, K.C. Chardtar, and G.T. Chapman, llCalculations Related t o t h e Use of Photons, Heutrons, lkgativety- Charged Pions, Protons, and Alpha P a r t i c l e s I n Cancer Radiotherapy," ( to be publ ished) .
Tony W. Armstrong and Kay C. Chandler, "Calculation of Residual Fluclef Production by a Bezm o f Negatively-Charged Pions Inc ident on a T i s s u e Phantom," (to be published in Nucl. Instr. t4eth.).
T.W. Armstrong and K,C. Chandler, "Calculated Particle-Productf on Spectra From' TT- Captures in Tissue , Tissue Equivalent Plastic, S i l i c o n , and Genaniurn,80 lucl. Instr. Meth. 118 (1974) 515.
T.U. Anstmng and K.C. Chandler, "Catculatfons Related t o the Appticattm of Negatively Charged Pions i n Radiotherapy: Absorbed Dose, L n Spectra, and Cell Survival ," Radiat, Res. - 58 (1974) 293.
T.W. Anstrong and K.C. Chandler, "SPAR, A Fortmn Program f o r Computing Stopping Powers and Ranges f o r Muons, Pions, Protons, and Heavy Ions," Nucl, Instr. b t h , - 113 (1973) 313.
T.U. Armstrong, R,G. Alsmiller, Jr., and K,C, Chandler, "Calculatfons o f the Dose Induced i n Tissue by Negatively Charged Pion Beams," Phys. Med. Biol, ls_ (1973) 830.
T.W. Armstrong and K.C. Chandler, "f4onte Carlo Ca lcu la t ions of the Dose Induced by Charged Pions and Comparisons w i t h Experilrrent," Radiat. Res, 52(1972) 247,
T,W. Armstron Eng, 49 (19723 110.
7.W. Armstrong and B.L. Bishop, "Calculat ion of the Absorbed Dose and Dote Equivalent Induced by Medium-Energy Protons and Comparison with Experiment," Radiat. Res, 47 (1971) 581.
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MAJOR RLSEARCH INTEREST
Radiotherapy Techniques
t on sEm?W It - MtVlLEGfO CoMUYm , . BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
ROLE IN PROPOSED PROJECT
Medical/CI inical Aspects
I f I
noNoas See attached pages
See attached pages
. 00 133014.026
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Off icc : Cancer Rcsearch and 'Treatment C e n t e r , Un tvc r s i ty of New Hcxico , A l b u q u e r q u e , Neiq hlcxico 8710G
Present P o s i t i o r i s : Director, Cancer Research a n d Treztmenf Cente r ;
University of New Nexico School of biedicinc, Albuquerque, New Ncxico
Professor and C l i i e f , Division of Radiotherapy, Depar t rncnt of R a d i o l o g y , University of New I fcxico Sc l ioo l o f b l c d i c i n c
N c d i c a l S t a f f of the B e r i i a l i l l o County hfcdical Center
Assistant Dircctot f o r Radiation Therapy, Los Alamos S c i c n t i f i c Laboratory, Los Alamos, Ncw I4cxico
Consul t i n g S t a f f , Lo v e l a c c - na t 3 a n $1 cd i ca3 C c n t c r : St. Joscpli's I IospItn1; Prcsbytcrian
.
.1917-194S 1911s -1950 1950-1953 1.9 5 3 - 19 5 5 1948-1953 1956-195s 3.956-195s
1956 -1 93 2 1958-1972 1956-197 2 1970-1972 L969 - 197 2
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. I
1Jcdical and S c i e n t i f i c Society Mcr?bershia: American A s s a c i c t i o n 1.07 Cancer Ficsearch American Col lege of Radio logy American R2dLun Society American S o c i e t y of Thcrepeutic Rediologists American T h o r a c i c Society, Ezstern Section Associot Ion of American Hedi c s l Colleges Association of University Rediologists Nevi Englend Romtgen-Ray Soc iecy 2ew York Roentgen-3ay S o c i e t y Rcdia t ion Res ear ch Society Radiological S o c i e t y of North Anericz . Royal Soc ie ty of Ne3ic ine (London) Soc ie ty of Heed and Neck Surgeons Albuquerque and E e r n z l l l l o C o m t y k d i c a l P.ssoci&ion RocLy Mountain Radio logica l S o c i e t y American Federa t ion of C l i n i c a l Oncologic Societies
Jledical Licenses - Connecticut, I?ex York, Pennsylvania,
Diplomate, American Board of Fadiology; 1945
8
Li ccn s es :
' Ne\$ Mexico
Spec ia l Honors:
3.90 *
Distinguished A l u m u s Axard, a 3.9 G I , Silver I h d a l l i o n Award, 200th Anniverszry of
. Founding of C o l l e g e of Phys ic i ans k Surgeom 1967 'President, Assoc i2 t ion of University RzdiologLsts 1967-1963
Nember, C l i n i c a l Cancer T r a i n i n g C o m i t t e e , N . I.H.1967-1970
:, Comaittee for R a d i z t i o n There v Studies 196 270
. Associate E d i t o r , l'Rediatian Reseerch" 1967-1969
President, American SOC. of Therapeu t i c Rad. 1968-1963 Degree of F e l l o w s h i p of t h e Arnericen Collek re of Radiology 1368
Chairman, Cancer Research T r a i n i n g Cormittee
?{ember, Board of Directors of t h e B z m ' z l i l l o - President, B e r n a l i l l o County C n a p t e r of the
Member, Board of Direc to r s of t h e >?e:.! k % i c o
30th Annual E t h e l N. Ruvelson Iclernoriczl Lec turer ,
of N. I. H. 1970
American Cancer S o c i e t y 1973-1914
D i v i s i o n of the American Cancer Society
"Cons idera t ions Loading to t h e Use of 14cgat;ive
l\ic d i c a I C c n t c r 0 f Ok 1 3 11 0111.3
County-Chzpter of t h e Anerican Cancer Society 3.972-
3973- p:
0
3 A
L - .
University of 14innesota h o s ? i t a l s , Pl inncapol is . kk== Pi ldesons in Cancer Thcrnpy . " 1973 ILI c i -.I Robert $1. Ccyer bleniorial t c c t u r c , D a p t i s t
1974
lcGC&rlrc1~8
bfcmbcr; Anicr ican Canccr SOcicC)r , Inc: C o u n c i l $or ] l c s c a r c l ~ f C l i n i c a l I l \ V C S t i g 3 t l Q l K / w a r d s
. # . - n: --: ": r',n rnnrp7 .. - - i 0 9 I1Vr
l 4 V I I I a\LuCtII 8 uhJb"'@."''-
I
a . Kligorman, bb.$!.: \\'here Do t!c Go From HCrC? Proceedings of t11c Confcrcncc of P a r t i c l c Acctlcrators i n Radiation ThcrapyD . Los Alamos, Octobcr 2 - 5 , 1972 . Oak Ridge, Tcnn.: U-S. A t o m i c Encrgy Commission, Technical Information Ccntcr, 1973,
.. Xlipcrman, M o l l . : The Cancer Center, The Community and Research, UniVCrSi t y of New hIcxico/Los ALanos Plan. Frontiers .in Radiation Therapy Oncology., V o l . 6 , Basel, Switzerland:
. 's. Karger, and Baltimore: University Park Press, pp, 94-99, 1973,
Kligcrman, M O M . : Principles of Radiation The&py, Cancer P h i l a d e l p h r ).fedicine, ed. J. F, Holland and E. Frei, ILI,
LCLZTPFebiger, pp. 541-65, 1973. - , Kligerman, M.bl.: Irradiation of t h e Primary Lesion of the
&tun. Tract Cancer, i n press. 0
Observations on Fiftcen S e l e c t e d Inozcrablc/Kon-Resectable Cases of Rectal Cancer Given Prcoprative Irradiation. Am- J. o f Roent,
JhMA, Cur.rent Concepts in Cancer Series, Gastroinzcstinai
. Kligcrman, E l . M . , Urdaieta-Lafce, N. :
- 120:624-626, 1974. 0
. .. Freedman, G.S., Lofgren, S . B . , Klfgennan, )f.N.: Radiation Induced Changes i n Pulmonary Perfusion. - 112: 435-437, 1974. .
U d i o l o g y . ..
Xligcrman, M.M.; Knapp, E.A. ; and Petersin, D-F.: Biomedical Program Leading t o Therapeutic Trizls at Los Almos- .in press.
Czncer,
V . * . Kligerman, :M.EI . ; Dicello, J.F.; Davis, H.T-; Thomzs, R.A.; Sternhagen, C. J.;: Gomcz, L. ; and Petorsen, D.F. I n i t i a l Comparative Response of Experimental Tumors t o Peak Pions and X - r a y s , America, Chicago, December 1972 .)
(Paper presented a t the Radiological S o c i e t y of North Submitted to Radiology,
' *
and Raju, 14.R. : Preliminary Progress Rcport: Survival of Cultured Human (T-1) Cells Irradiated a t Various Depshs i n t h c LMYF Negative Pion Therapy Bean. (Paper presented a t t h e Radiological Soc ie ty of North America, Chicago, 1974 .] Subnittcd t o Radiology,
Todd,' Po; D i c e l l o , ' J . ; I'lest, G.; Shonk, C.; Kligcrman, bf.:.I,;
- . . ; . Effccl of blcsons on Cells i n Culture. Radiological Society of North America,. Chicago, 1 9 7 4 .) Sutniittcd
Raju, M . R . ; Dicello, J . F . ; Trujil lo, T.?.; and Kligerntan, >!A (Paper plX?scntcd at the
to Radiology. * :7 U.
Kligerman, Ef.hl. ; Prcopera t i v c Radiation i n Cancer Thcrepyz #
). c6, zz
(Paper proscntcd a t thc National Conferences on Advanccs in h i c c r blznagcmcnt, New York, 1 9 7 4 . ) Cancer, in press, w v.
Kliperman, M.M. : "Chca~othcrap~ Enhanccmcnt of Radio- 0
b ~ r l c s C . 7'hoinas. 1974. nn < 7 S - G f d . ._ .. . . ,
* sensitivity arid C l i n i c a l RaJiocurabj lityo" In: Thc Iliofovicnf" and C l i n i c a l Hasis of Radiosensitivity. S p r i n ~ f i ~ 1 1 ~ j ~ 0 , 4 . 0 ~ ~
I
HOST RECEHT PUBLSCATIC 4- (Continued) I
'.. Kligerman, Morton M.; West, C.; Diccllo, John F.; Sternhapen, . C.J.; Barnes, J.E.; Loeffler, Kenneth; Dobrowolski, Frances; Davis, H.T.; Braabury, James N.; Lane, Thomas F.; Petersen, Donald F:; and Knapp, Edward A. and X-rays of Xormal Skin and Underlying Tissue Surrounding Super- ficial Metastatic Nodules," presented at the 57th Annual Neeting of.the American Radium Society, San Juan, Puerto Rico, Nay 197s. Submitted for publication.
'@Initial Comparative Response to Peak Pions
%
Kligerman, Morton M. Radirtion Oncology in Physiopathology - of Cancer, ed. F. Hornburger, 1975. In press.
1 .. Kligerman, Morton M. Rectum 2nd Rectosigmoid,'' - JAM 231: 1381-1384, 1975 . "Irradiation of the Primary Lesian of the
_. Todd, Paul; Shonk, Carl R,; West, Gary; Kligermtn, Morton $1.; and Dicello, John. Pions on Cultured Human 'Cells," Radiology - 116: 179-150, 1975,
.: Kligerman, Morton 14.; Dicello, John F.; Davis, Herbert T,; Thomas, Robert A.; Sternhagen, Charles J.; Gomez, Leo; and Petersen, Donald F. "Initial Comparative Response of Experimental Tuners to Peak Pions and X-rays," Radiology - 116: 181-182, 1975..
#@Spatial Distribution of Effects of Negative
00133014.030
MAJOR RESEARCH INTEREST
Med ica l Physics I
RESEARCH SUPPORT I b c inrrructr'anrj
Renewal a p p l i c a t i o n submi t ted , 52 ,223 ,425 requested Year 1 $8,200,725 requested
ROLE IN PHO?OSLD PROJECT
Medical / C 1 inical Aspects
5 years.
..- --.. ._ . Wmmt rrpetnt idv* pu3fiuriom Do nor rtccrd 3 w p (w uch indivrdurl-l
1 ~ 7 ~ ; - Present Professor of R a d i o l o g y / C h i e f , Biomedical Div. , Cancer Research . 4 # 1
& Treatment Center, U. o f New Mex ico 7 971-1 975 Professor o f Radiology-Medical Phys:c: 1968-1 971 Assoc, Professor o f Radiology-fiedic '1965-1968 A s s t . Professor o f Radiology-;.Iedic: a ? ,
1964-1 965 A s s t . Professor a f Phys ics - 1963-7964 Instructor & Research kssoc. ' - -Phys;~ .,?parment; D Postdoctoral Research Assoc. -Physic- depattmer
REPRESEb!TATIVE PUBLICATIONS: See a t t a c h n a n t s
COPiEG FOF; YSPT
Kclrcy, C.A., Hixon, T.J. and I. l inific, F.D.; Ut trosound ~ ~ C ~ S u t c m c n t of Lotcral Pharyngeal Ual1 Displaccmtnt. ncet ing E: 143-147, A h i l 1969
Kelrcy, C.A.; A Time Hotion Display Hethod for "A Scope" U'ltresonlc. Units. J. ASSOC. for Advanccrncnt of Hedical Instrumentation 4: 165-166,
Beach, J.L. and k l s e y , C . A . ; Doppler Ronitoiing of Vocal . . Fold Ito'tion.
Xelscy, C.A., Cru,my, A.B. end Schullman, E.; A Coaparison of Ultrasonic and Cintradiogrjbhic Jicasuremcnc of Latera l Pharyngeal Mal 1 h t i o n .
Kc1 soy, CIA., Woodhouse, R.J. and Hln.l'fie, F-D.; Coarti&laiian Effects In the Pharynx. J.A.S.A. - 46: 1016-1C19, I%?-
Hlnifie, F.D.; Hixoil , T.J., Ktlsey, C.A. end ! b d b u s e , R . 3 . ; Hotion of t h t Lateral Pharyngeal Wa1.1 Koti'on i n tlcft Palate Patlents, Su'mittcd
' t o Cleft Palate Jaurnsl.
Kel m y a C.A. and Ewaaowski , 5. J . ; Lateral Pharyngeal Wall Hovcment Dur;ns €sophageat Voice Production. Arch. Oiolsryng. - 92: 167-172, Augus: 1970.
Transactions on !Jionrtdical b g i -
* . . .- . .
August 1970. * . D ' . a
. ' r t
. . . / J-A.S,A. 46: 1045-1047, 1969. :
'* I r w e s t i y a t i v e Badiology - 4 : 241-245,. July-August 1969,. .' ..a
' . . - . .
. . G . .:
Kelsey, C.A.; Chapter Il1-Rzdistion Dotection fnstru=rnts. tn: HnnGjook OF Ilqclear Hcdicine, Ed. , Y e Vans, Chcmlcal Rubber Pub1 ishers, 1359.
Swingle, J . and Kelscy, C.A.; Chapter 1V-RadTatfon Dosimetry. In: Body Section Radiography, Ld., H. Ya!vasori , Charles C- ThoFas Publishers, 1969.
Kelsey, C.A., Boom, H.L.t4., Hevctt , J . t i . , Vrlcy, AIL. and Spalek, C.C.; Cas T a i g t t Source for tltutron Radiat ioa Therapy.
Kelsey, C.A. , Ouoonc, Y.1.!4., Hwez i , J.H., Wilcy, A.L., Spolek, C.C., Forsen, H.k. and Wintrr, U.; Gas Target Source for Fast Neutron Cancer Therapy. Neutron Sources and App1 icstions. f rom NTIS, SprfngField, Vi rg in ia 22151.
Rad.;olagy - 98: 686-688, 1971 0 .
Proc. o f P.m. h i c l e a r Society National Tapics'l Wezting on Report CSNF 7iQ$32t Vol. t 1, avai?abla
0 ;P Scans of the Dorsal Surface o f t h e Tonsue. J-A.S.A- - 49: ISf;7-1869, 1971.
Hini f le , F.D., Kelsey, C.A., Zagtebski; 3.A- and King, T.U.; U1 trasonic
.
, ' a
PUDLICXTIOXS (cont . 1
Parpoll, C. J. and Xelasy, C.A. ; Shielding of F a s t Neutron So\trccs for Cancer Therapy.
Xclsey, C.A., Lane, RIG. and Connor, W . G . ; Measurement cf p n m t Hovenent During Radiation Therapy.
Health Physics, 23, 576-578, October 1972.
- RadiologY - 103: No, 3, PP- 6g7-6gt
(June 19721,
. Cru?nyr A.B., Ewanowski, S.J.
' Revistt Interarnericana de Rndioloyica (Lima, Peru) 5: B k s s , D.11. ana Ielsey, C.A.; Evoluatic
of Lateral Pharyngeal Val1 Motion In VclopharynWal Insufficiency. 56-58, 1971-
Kelsw, C.A., Spalek,' G.C. DeLuca, P.14. , Chenavert, G.X. e ~ ~ u l l o n g l x E.C. and N i c k l a s , R.J., A Recirculating Gas Tcrget E;eut=on S-0 for Radiation Therapy, Proceedings of the S Y m F s i w on Xoutron Dosimetry in Biology and l l e d i c i n e , 1'01. 11, 811-19 EUIi4896 (Hay 1872)
Becch,,J.L.' and . K e l S S Y r C . X . r Gooaetric Penumbra Calcuietions for a Gas Target Neutron Source, Raciiology 193-201 (1974)
Beach, J.L. and Kelsey, C.A., Evcxlet ion Of a COntinuously Variable Collinator for 14 ;4eV Neutrons . - 20: 47-54 (1975)
Phys ic s in Xeaicine end Diology,
Kels'ev, C.A. Physics, P,A?X Quarterly Bulletin - 7 Jones, K.M. and KClSeyr c . A . ~ Experfnental Detunnination of the t . 1 ~ for a bjultitaper Collimator for Neutron Radiokherapy, Uedical Physics, & 215-219 (1974)
and Djarngart?, B . E . , Training Pr0c;r-S in Hedicsl 146-148 (1973)
- . . . . .
Jones, K.P!., Cytaki, E.P., and Xelsey, C - A - p A n Associated Part ic le System for Evaluction of 15 NeV Keutron G e m Shei1dir.g and C o l l h a t o = Dasign, Physics in Medicine and alology, 20 131-136, (1975)
0 . -
COPED FOR
HSPT .
00133014.033
1 0 9 1 1 7 4
1975-Present: Cancer Research and Treatment Cen te r , Pniversity of New Mexlco Rad ia t i o n Phvsi ci 9 t
197 2-
1974-
~ . - - - - ~
1971-1974 : Assistant P
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1 0 9 1 7 8 1 00133014.035
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H O N O R S
1962 Alexander von Eumbofdt S e n i o r US S c i e n t i s t A w a r d 1974
MAJOR RESEARCH I N T E R E S T I R Q L E IN PROi‘CSEO PROJECT radiat ions . Structure of P a r t i c l e T r a c k s
’AEC C o n t r a c t AT(11-1)-1671, Theory of RBE T h i s contract has p r o v i d e d a c u n u l a t i v e support or‘ $216,000 fro?. 1 Jzn 1967 to 31 Dec 1975, f o r the s t u d y of fundzmsn ta l aspects of t h e theory of W E . NSF(R.XN) rant GI-351356, AFTlicnticn of the Theory 02 Track F::fects +,> RzdioL?era?y, $50,000, 1 J a n u a r y to 3 1 Decerber 1975. 6p*;e1yz,=~.t of a n2.G p h o t o y r z p h i c r2: dosii;i.eter. It is Eor ths ?roof cf the concept t h a t this can be doile, r a t h e r then tc =ccoz?lisk t h c device .
Cer i t ra l to the theory of RBE of high ug: RESEARCH SUPPORT (b~innmcdans)
1 J a n to 31 Dzc 1975 $50,003.
.
T h i s 1s tc. i n i ’ , L = ‘ - ~ =
-- RSSEA!;.CH A N 3 D R CROFESSIOHAL EXPEGIENCE G f ~ n i q m’fh prsanr poridon. ,’:? : r t ; a ; r ? p ~ n d e a p c ~ : ’ m t + r + l n ~ n t t o w ~ ~ o / p m j x ~ L,;: a~ Ormcut m p ~ n n u w p w b l i u r i o r ” , DJ mt ucc;d ZEJEIJ far &ek jMhi6ua l . j
P,Qf&:EE3-’
P h y s i c i s t , Radiologis
Reszarch: instrunzntation for cereal s c i e n c e a t i o n by soft x-ray r a d i o g r a p h y ) of structural neinbers in a i r c r a f t .
A u t h o r or’ coauthor of 2 books, 1 chaTter , and sone 62 papers in a b s t r a c t s o r p roceed ings
A p z r t i a l l i s t of recent p u b l i c a t i o n s is a t t a c h e d -
Professor 19 13-56
S t r u c t u r e of particle t racks, REZ-LET effects, nuclear shysics, ( d e t e c t i o n of i n t e r n a l insa .c t infest-
precipitation s t ~ t l c devices , reSiogr29h.y
3 p a t e n t s , 5 6 j o u r n a l a r t l t l e s ,
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46.
47 .
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:at2 an3 E. J. Kobetich, FCI?X'-TICN 02 PARTIfLE T?J.CXS- Ladiation Effects - 3 , p:169-174 (137C).
I; F
:at2 and E. J. Xobetich, PBIZ'XCLS fXCSS f;? E!-%TAIO?J. ?hys. Rev. - 186, p. 344-351 (1969)
P. Chasderton, F. G. Krajenbrlnk, R. Xstz , zr.d A. Povedz, $TUDING f?AVES ON THE Wi)O?I. M t c r a - 223, p. 259-263 (1369)
L.
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R. . m A.
Catz and E. J. Kobetich, PES?O??SE 02 NL'CEr'LS Z:-!3LSION TO ELECTROY BESIS. Nuclear I n s t r . an8 Xeth. - 7 9 , p. 320-324
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A. Introduction
1. Objective:
hdi8t iOU h e r q j ir major method f o r the treatmeut of cancer. The gat.0ti.r dvautager of the use of high LET rafliathxm ruch 88 n e y t i v d p c b u g e d pions in o m k t o improve tha crpabilitiu of radiation therapy have bean ncognlzad for UI tr. I
Phymical aud biological muur . run t r w i t h high In tens i ty pion beam are p r u e u t l y be-'
cower , B.C., SIN in Zurich, Switzerland, Stanford Univelnit]r l a Stanford, CA, a d NIMROD a t the Rutherford Ugh Energy Laboratory in England. Union is building a pian generator which w i l l include the Capability of b i o m d i c d re= se8rch. w e r e i n i t i a t e d at the biomedical channel of tha Clinton P. Anderson Heron P h y s h Fac-
conducted 8t the LO8 S C i a t i f i C L.bOr8tOry Lor AI-., W, TRllPIpF in V e
In addition, tha M e t
The f i r s t preclinical human radiobiological esperlments with negative pions
i l i t y (LAMPP) in October, 1974 (KligerPun, e t al., 1975).
The physicr l and biological effect8 of pions in radiotherapy are e x p e c t d to be fa otdrr t o qu i t e d i f f e ren t from those produced by rad ia t ions conventionally employed.
u t i l i z e these unique 8dv8ntages, ona must thoroughly understand the mechanics of ora- ducfng therapeut ical ly useful beams, the s p a t i a l d i s t r ibu t ion i n dose and d is t r ibu t ion of energy deposit ion i n tissues, and the biological e f f ec t s of pions. It is therefore necessary t o develop accurate methods for beam development, coll imation, dosimetry, rad treatment planning i n order t o achieve meaningful radiobiological experiments .ad ef- f ec t ive radiotherapy. Prec l in ica l development with t h i s new modality for t rea t ing can- cer will be expensive and, necessarily, l imited i n scope. These s tud ie s w i l l be en- hancad, and the t o t a l cost reduced, by taking full advantage of computational and ana- l y t i c a l methods.
Under th i s propocled program, theo re t i ca l work re la ted t o pion therapy will be car r ied out. The overall objective i o t o provide, by meam of calculations, q t u n t l t r t i v e Inforoution that cannot be obtained, or would be -re obtaln, expe rbeu ta l ly , but which is necessary f o r pa t ien t t i on r w i l l contr ibute toward
a.
b.
C.
d.
e.
The development of broad beam appropriate for of tumors.
The development of coll imators, Ledge f i l t e r s ,
d i f f i c u l t or expenslva t o traatmentm. These c r l c u l r
the treatment of 8 v8ricty
and boluses necessary for the maximum u t i l i za t ion of the unique properties of pions.
Precise and accurate dosimetry necessary for radiobiology and rrdiothrrapy.
Precise and accurate treatment planning.
Understanding the prec l in ica l and c l i n i c a l results and comparing the r u u l t s of various in s t i t u t ions with conventional and high LET radlat ioas .
Although it is the spec i f ic i n t en t of t h i s proposal tha t t he ca lcu la t iona l r e s u l t r be directed tovard pions, i t should be noted tha t these prethods will be d i r e c t l y applicable t o o ther types of high LET radiations. techniques w i l l be necessary (e.8. proton and neutron beams). Even in tho- CUL. where addi t iona l work is required t o adapt the arocedures t o smrcific pa r t i c l e s . it rill be i
In some c a ~ e s , no modificatioru of existius
possible at considerably less manpower atnd expense, becauoe- t he b a s i c techniquea w i l l have already been established. 00133014.036
COPfFn mer I 7 8 4
2. Backaround
I
The r a d i a t i o n f i e l d i n the v i c i n i t y of a stopping nega t ive l~ -cha rge pima beam . is ~complw b e c a w e of the nuaarOU. types m d wide energy rangu of the charged a d uncharged par t ic le . that r e 8 U l t when a negatively-charged pion is captured by 8 nucleu (see, f o r example, Armatrow and Chandler, 1974A). Thi. r a d i a t i o n f i e l d i. coqued of a mixture of high and lav LET (linear energy t r a a s f e r ) p a r t i c l e s , t h e biological af- : fectivencsa of which f a dependant upon numerow f a c t o r s , 8ucb u baam popuatur, comtri- bution of beam coatrminants (muons and e l e c t r o r u ) , phautm composition, and apatirl posit ion. Calculat ion8 ind ica t e that f o r IT- beams specif ied SO t h a t the absorbed d o r r is r e l a t i v e l y conr t an t over the IT- stopping region, t he LET spectrum and cell auIpIy.1 can vary s u b s t a n t i a l l y over t he stopping region (Amstrong and Chandler, 1974b; Dutrm- nors, a t a l . , 1973) For pion d o s i w t r y and radiobiology dLrected toward radiotharapy, i t I s important t o h o w n o t only the s p a t i a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of the t o t a l absorbed do88 b u t a l s o the s p a t i a l variation of the b io log ica l e f f e c t s .
T'ne complex na tu re of t h e r ad ia t ion f i e l d nust be taken i n t o considerat ian io every aapect of t h e development of a pion therapy program, from channel design, through radiological phyaics and biology, t o pa t i en t treatment. Calculat ional methods o f f e r a way of reducing the t o t a l minimum e f f o r t needed, and, a t t he same t i m e , increasing t h e r e l i a b i l i t y of the r a s u l t s . I n 1972, t he Neutron Physics and Health Physics Divisions of the O a k Ridge National Laboratory were funded f o r two year8 by the National Science Foundation under its RANN (Research Applied t o National Needs) program t o develop eal- cu la t iona l methodm appl icable t o pion therapy. codes were developed. The f i r s t of these, t h e r e s u l t of the work performed by t h e Xeutron Physics Divis ion, is a v e r s a t i l e , multi-purpose computer code capable of hand- l i n g a number of p a r t i c l e types over a large range ia energy i n a v a r i e t y of t a r g e t materials and geometries. The second code, developed by the Health Physics Division, is a s i m p l e r , f a s t e r code aimed s p e c i f i c a l l y a t t he problems of t he i n t e r a c t i o n od pion beplpo i n t i s s u e or t h e elements i n t i s sue .
A8 a r e s u l t of this grant , two computer
Armstrong and Chandler (1974A) developed a high-energy t r a a s p o r t code (EETC) which can be used t o c a l c u l a t e the spa t ia l d i s t r i b u t i o n of absorbed dose (isodose eon- tours) , LET s p e c t r a , 6 p a t i a l l y dependent cell survival p r o b a b i l i t i e s , and the corres- ponding RBE's (relative b io log ica l effect) and OER'r (oxygen enhancement ratios). Da- t a i l a d discussions of the code are presented by Amstrong, e t al. (1972) urd Armstrong and Chandler (1948B). A sumnary of these references is presented here.
This code uses Xontc Carlo techniques based on t h tOr8 t fCd models for nuclear in t e rac t ion t o determine the energy, angle, and m u l t i p l i c i t y of the particle. produced i n nucleon-nucleu and pion-nucleus in t e rac t ions . The code also takes i n t o account pion captures. nates of the primary p a r t i c l e s from input data and computer the t r a j e c t o r y of u c h p t i - mary and secondary p a r t i c l e . t ion and Ion iza t ion is taken i n t o account along u i t h multfple Coulomb s c a t t e r t n g , elas- t i c and none la s t i c nucleon and pion c o l l i s i o n s with hydrogen and other n u c l e i , negat ive pion capture a t rest, pion and muon decay i n f l i g h t and a t r e s t , and elastic and inrlas- t i c neutron c o l l i s i o n s .
The Monte Carlo method e e l e c t s energy, d i r ec t ion , and spat l la l coordi-
Charged-particle energy loss r e s u l t i n g from a t d c utcit8-
For n o n e l a s t i c c o l l i r i o n s with nuclei o t h e r than hydrogen the intranuclear-
Above 15 M e V , neutron
Proton and pion a l a ~ t i c col-
cascadeevaporat ion model of B e r t i n i and Guthrie (1971) i a used f o r pion coll18iO1k8 a t a l l energies and f o r n u c l e i at energica g rea t e r than 13 MeV. e l a s t i c c o l l i s i o n s with n u c l e i o the r than hydrogen are taken i n t o account by w i n g LX- perimental data and d a t a from optical-model ca l cu la t ions . l i s i o n s with muclei othen than hydrogen a r e neglected. Pnt:.c*. rnn
001 33014.039
Nucleon col l imions w i t h hydrogen f o r energies greater than 15 MeV are treated by w e of the in t rmrrc leafcamcade calculations.
Neutron collisionr f o r energies from theru l to 15 XeV u e treated by th. uae Protons w i t h energies less than 15 MeV and h u v of -.*tal cross aec t ion data.
ions u a rsstmed t o slow d m without undergoing nuclear interactiou md the slating down d is tance is neglected.
Positivel~ charged pions condug to ru t u e u8UP.d to decay. Neg8 t ivdy The typo of charged PIOUS copring t o rest are assumed t o undergo d u ~ capture.
nucleus c a p t u r i q a pion is determined by the F e d - T e l l e r 2 law (Fa- and TlrTrr, 1947).
ArPrtrong and Chmdler a l so have developed 8 prel iminor7 version of a caoputar code t o calculate the response of ion chambers and propor t iona l counters placed fir the r ad ia t ion f i e l d of stopping IT- muons, and one calculation haa b u a made US- ttrir code. needed for such s t u d i e s are not presently avallable from mcuurammts , t h l s code usu t h e theo re t i ca l nuclear model described previously t o determine the energy, direction, and p a r t i c l e type of each p a r t i c l e produced by t h e T- capture . A Monte Carlo calcula- t i o n is performed for each capture , and the event spectrum (l.e., t h e nuntbrr of events p e r u n i t y , where y is the lineal energy density) a d the energy depos i t ion (dose as a funct ion of y) by each d u r g o d - p a r t i c l e t r a j ec to ry is determined using a sub-routin. vers ion of a code developed by Armstrong and Chandler (1973) for stopping powmrs and ranges. these spec t r a by var ious types of charged pa r t i c l e s . By us ing Monte Carlo methods, f luc tua t ions in p a r t i c l e production and cor re la t ions caused by more than one p a r t i c l e pe r c a p t u r e cont r ibu t ing t o the energy deposit ion (2.e.. t h e so-called "V - effect" (Kellerer, 1971) are properly included. Another advantage of t h i o ca lcu la t iona l ap- proach is t h a t a r b i t r a r y material compositions f o r t he phantom and de tec tor can be taken i n t o account. t h e s p a t i a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of t h e 1- is arb i t ra ry .
Since the d r t r i l e d and extensive data on partfcl .-production from n- u p n r t . .
The code a l s o computes the composite LET s p e c t r a and the cont r ibu t ions to
A t present the code is programaed for sphe r i ca l counterm, al&hough
Turner, et al. (1972) developed a computer code, PION-I, also capable of &cu- l a t i n g isodose contours and cel l survival as a funct ion of pos i t ion . olgncd t o treat a l l procesees which pions undergo in a manner r u f f i c i e n t l y r u l l s t l c to accurately simulate real pion t ransport fo r radiotherapy appl ica t ions . values of the croan sec t lona have been used, when ava i l ab le , to determine pion-nucleon in t e rac t ions . become ava i lab le . A l l r e levant pion nuclear reac t ions are progt8med i n t o PION-1: pion absorption, one- and two-nucleon knockout, and charge exchange. When an inc ident pion enters a t a rge t , the Monte Carlo technique is used to determine i ts his tory, baaed OIL ' these c ros s sec t ions . A s the pion penetrates the t a r g e t , it undergoes mul t lp le Coulomb . s c a t t e r i n g and slows d o n in accordance with the stopping-pover formula f o r charged par- t i c l e s . Range s t r agg l ing is included. \hen a nuclear r e a c t i o n occurs , t he code selects the type of r eac t ion and the energies and i n i t i a l directions of t r a v e l of any secondary p a r t i c l e s produced. tions. process particles rapidly.
PION-1 WOI de-
EYperlmmtal
These values can be revised or supplemented in t he code shot ld la ter data
The secondary pa r t i c l e s are follcrved ind iv idua l ly in t he calcula- The use of numerical da ta , ra ther than nuclear models, allows the program to
For urdyr is , t h e t a r g e t is divided i n t o a number of subvolumu. A rncord is kept i n the program of each p a r t i c l e that t raverses o r s t o p s or starts In every sub- volume. of i n t e r e s t are tabula ted , along with data needed for ce l l s u r v i v a l models.
The energy deposited, t he LET of the r ad ia t ioa , and o t h e r physical q u a n t i t i e s
f 0 9 l l 8 b
The di f fe ren t chuacteristics of the two codas auy be 8-rIz.d 8s fo l la r r . The HETC cod. fr a full-rcalc, pure Monte Carlo method capable of treating th -or- actiaru of a v u l e q o f p u t i d a s over a l a rge energy range in u s a n t i a l l y --rial. The'accuracy of the ruults Is esmcatid.ly llmlted only by the av.ilability &&guruy o f the input data. t l v a l y 1.t- amouat of collputer t ime,
The v e r s a t i l i t y of this code n e c e r s l t a t u that it raqulre ..=le
. PION-1 I s a r i n p l i f i e d progrmm which limitr iuelf spmci t ica l ly t o picrr b.rr (including the associated muon and e lec t ron cont8mlnatlon) in tlmsw-likr ~ m t i r l r . Certain types of inunctions and ruults are not avai lable frm t h i s method, l y , harav t t , PIOW-1 r u ~ rapidly. u all t he racondarg par t ic lea they produce, are proceased completaly. d r t o are then u c e l l e n t f o r p l o t t i n g depth-dose urd Isodose contours and for coqlliq LET distrlbutioam and data f o r cell survival. The complete run requires about 10 nin- U t e s 00 t h e IBcl 360/91. If muttOM are not procuaed, the running time fo r lo4 p l o n ~ ~ urd the other 88- put' l c l e s is less thm three minutes.
Commrsa= In a typ ica l c.lcu1ation lo4 incident pi-, am well
The stattrtic8l
The processing of Otutroxm requires by far the moat
3. Rationale:
Only by the a v r i l a b i l l t y of a well-coordinated uperlaental-calculatioarl e f f o r t
The propo8ed calculat ions can perform ut important rob in pro- will maximum benefi t be obtained from the reaul t s of prec l in i ca l experiments d hunrn trid.8 a t mlniwlm cost. viding guidance t o beam design experimental work, i n in te rpre t ing the phyrical and bio- l og ica l da ta , and i n providing da ta needed for treatment planning.
An important fea ture of the calculat ional method tha t w i l l be used is tbat the physics of nuclear in te rac t ions (e.g., correlat ions in particle production frum x- c a p tu res ) m d energy deposition w i l l be t reated i n de t a i l . of t he physics and Xonte Carlo techniques, the c i lcu la t ions w i l l provide not ouly the above rmultr but also oluch useful anc i l l a ry informatioa (..go. contr ibut ion of rilti- particle even-, the " t l . ~ u e = e q ~ I ~ a l e n ~ e " of the couuter wall, the e f f e c t of t h m f i r r i te oirc o f the detectors, etc.). This calculat lonol approach can also provide the physics input naeded f o r applying any of the avoi lable biological modal8 (e.g.,Kellerer and Rossi, 1972; k t z , et al., 1972; Chat ter jee and Tobieo, 1974) t o make RBE and OEP prw ! dictions. lating physical data t o b io logica l data.
By combining detai led treatment
In addition. it offers a method for the invest igat ion of new Prodah for re-
1 0 9 1 1 8 1 00133014.041
..- . . . . B. Speci f ic Alma
I. Treatsent
- .
P l a a a i n g :
~ o t h codas, ar they pre-ntlp exist, are capabla of wa~atlmg irodow e o a w . f o r variour beam configuration8 incident om c a p l u 8pt.p.. 'Jtb. -8.- dra U. avai lab le a t thir t i m a froo the r a s u l t s of t bua cod- to c.lc9ktm contour. of oop stmg e f f e c t i v a &re and dose equivalent for certain b i o l O g % d .y.tru, are illwtr8tad in P u r . 1 t o 6. varfous beam configurations v i t h prOViSIOn8 for treating hhamo8en8itier In t b padot.
rmrthods vith each other so that one can detarmlne the v a l i d i t p Of the rimplifiutioru u t i l i r e d i n PION-1, (2) t o cbmparc the ca lcu la t ions with rxperiseutr, in order to u- t ab l i sh the r e l i a b i l i t y of the input da t a and methods rued, (3) t o watfy thm a t - coder, if necessary, In order t o improve the accuracy of the t@SultS to 8 1.9.1 .d.- quat. f o r rout ine calculation8 and t o supply the clinlrnt physicist and thua@& vith appropriate Information in a desirable format.
It l e the in ten t ion of t h i s proposal that HETC be u t l l l z e d only in the initial s tages of development for treatment planning. tabl ishcd, its speed and l a s e r operating cost would dictate its u t i l i z a t i o n for thir application.
t i ons including the oppropriate regions of d i f fe ren t durs i ty and canporitiou (boru, a i r , etc.) through which the beom must pass. A portion of PION-1 has already been run on the IASL computer and i t runo s u f f i c i e n t l y foot t h a t i t is a possible cadi- date f o r inc lur ion in the f i r s t generation traatment planning code being developed a t Los Allmoo and elsewhere. W e would assist in the davalowent of a treatment planning code a t Los Alamoo, incorporating p a r t or a l l of PXON-1 as appropriate. planning f o r pions i s complex and PION-1 w i l l be a valuable too l a t least d u r h g the prec l in i ca l and ea r ly clinical trials. schemer which might b e used i n developing a s implif ied treatment p l d g cod&
Sg.)rrrnlk It $8 p r r w n t l y po8.ibh t o do thmsm cak-
It i r proporad that thI.8 work be continued i n order (1) t o compare the f.0
Once the accuracy of PIW-1 has beec am-
Calculations would be performed with PIW-1 fo r spec l f ic treatment cOnfaur8-
Treemaat
PION-lwlll be w e d alro t o check vuiom
2. Beam Tuning and Shaping:
This par t i cu la r aim is, i n f a c t , a pa r t of t r eamen t planning. Eouev8r, wme of those cha rac t e r i r t i c r t h a t make negative pions Unique for radiotherapy a b 0 u k 8 beam tuniag and shaping unusually d i f f i c u l t . The large number of canplex react ion6 tha t take place as pion beams are shaped and c o l l h a t e d , along vi th the f a c t the do88 alone is inadequate t o define the expected biological e f f ec t , v f l l require r e h t i v m l y elegant ca lcu la t ions fo r designing coll imntors, wedga f i l t e r s , and boluses. must include inves t iga t ion of systems which produce sharp beam edges, uniform r.di.tion qca l i t y , and bio logica l e f f e c t a t depth. produced by the accelerator beam impinging on an appropriate t a rge t ) , i t is r r n l y t h a t s u f f i c i e n t dose w i l l ever be ava i lab le t o indiscriminately throw away l.mm p o p tions of the flux for beam shaping. berms a t maximum in tens i ty .
-
__ - C-. G,
Studiea
Because pions are secondary p a r t i c l a r ( i .a . ,
Extreme caremust be taken t o produce the necerrarp
It is proposed that the present codes be used, as necessary, to rupplmeat ex- isting methods t o achieve t h e above goals. have alre8dp begun t o compofe the calculations w i t h exlstiPg exper$mental. &a f o r col- l h a t e d pion beams and t o develop broad beams necessary for typical treatPoen+ p h U . For these ca lcu la t ions , the code most appropriate for the rpsc i f ic objcct&i&4%2be u t i l i z e d . PnDlEh C ~ E
In t h io respect, prrlimixmry calculat ion8
d
o m * -
0 s
RADIUS (CMI c Tu 0 R) c Q) m
COPIEO FOR HSPT
RFlOJUS ccn1 c N 0 c
COPlED FOR E S P
. 0
B
s
CO?IEa FOR KSPT
x a m
E v)
c) 3
c) - 3
idSH UOd a3ld03
i 1 0 9 1 7 9 2
001 330 14.048
. . . .. . --.. ... ._..I -. -.- . . ___ . . - . .. - . . , . . _._. . _- -.-. ... - . ... --- . .. . I .. .-_ -. ..-- - . - - - . . . . . ... . - .
3. Doshe t ry and Radiological Physics
a. Determination of Absorbed Dose
U Because of the high LET component of t he dose dellvered by pions, It is neceaeary t o apply appropriate cor rec t ion f a c t o r s t o t h e da t a obtained by conventional techniques in order t o determine the a c t u a l absorbed dose. In addi t ion, bacause the amount of high LET r a d i a t i o n varies as a funct ion 1 of depth and pos i t ion , ruch correct ions are necessary I n order to detrrmlne ralative domes as a funct ion of pos i t ion as w e l l &a absolute doses.
I
c ! 9.
Calculated results w i l l be obtained t o a id In a r r i v i n g at cor rec t ion f a c t o r s that can be appl ied so that the aboolute absorbed dose i n t i s s u e can be ert lmated. The e f f e c t of the detector w a l l v i l l be determined by computing the energy depos i t ion spec t ra both f o r the w a l l composition ac tua l ly used In the de t ec to r (e.g., "tissue-equivalent" p l a s t i c ) and f o r a w a l l that has t he composition of t i s sue . Although the d i f f e rence i n p a r t i c l e a t tenuat ion between "tissue-equivalent" p l a s t i c and t i s s u e is s m a l l (% 1%) (Armstrong and Chandler, 3974C), the difference i n the 1- capture products is signi- f i can t , p a r t i c u l a r l y for a-par t ic le production (e.g.. see Armstrong and Chandler, 1974A), and cor rec t ions f o r w a l l compositions are expected t o be important i n es t Imatin6 the absolute dose. {As discussed i n Section 3.b. for t he p a r t i c u l a r TI (Armstrong and Chandler, 1976), the absorbed dose was 4 82 higher f o r a "tissue-equivalent" p l a s t i c wall (1/8" th ick) than for a wall having a composition of "whole-body" t i s sue . 1
beam considered in t he prel iminary ca lcu la t ions
The ca l cu la t ions w i l l a l s o be used to estimate the e f f e c t s of (a) the per turba t ion of the r ad ia t ion f i e l d caused by the finite size of the de tec tor , (b) stopping power d i f fercnces between " t i s sue equivalent" gas and t i s sue , and ( c ) the var i a t ion of W-values wi th p a r t i c l e type and energy.
It mhould be noted that while some measurements of t h e absolute absorbed dose us ing ca lor lmeters are expected t o be made, much measurements re- q u i r e rather l a r g e dose rates (: 10 rad/min) and w i l l probably be made for only a few beam configurations. I n addi t ion , it is not clear that a t iasue-equivalent calorimeter which minimally pe r tu rbs the pion dose d i s t r i b u t i o n s can be developed. Regardless, the cor rec t ions t o be made t o ca lor imet r ic measurements are not negl ig ib le . They are, in fact , cow parable t o those f o r o the r techniques (Dicello, 1976). Therefore, fo r low dose rates, as w e l l as f o r the majority of t h e high d o s c r a t e beams tha t w i l l be w e d , ca lcu la ted correct ions t o ion-chamber da ta , with occasional checks by ca lor imet r ic measurements, appear t o be the most p r a c t i c a l meth- od f o r es t imat ing the absolute dose. The calculations should be useful a l r o In evaluat ing any differences i n doses ob ta ln td by d i f f e r e n t m e u u r t ment techniques, p a r t i c u l a r l y f o r measurements of absolute and relative doses t h a t are expected t o be made a t d i f f e r e n t pion f a c i l i t i e s for inter-
Cd 0 t x -
U : m W O +TI
0 comparison purposes. P b. Microdoelmetry and LET Dis t r ibu t ions
Ao mentioned previously, a code t o calculate mlcrodoaimrtric and LET r p s c t r a is operable, bu t t o date a calculation f o r only one beam confiR- ura t lon ha8 bean made. of the remults from this ca lcu la t ion will be dimcwmcd her& Tha case coneldered was that of a one-inch mpherical CAVlty of "tia8uclqUiV.lant" (TE) gas l o c a t t d i n the middle of a l a rge , c y l i n d r i c a l (5 cm long) volume
Since t h i s work i o pr-ently unpublished, 8 few
00133014.049
of stopping n- mesons i n tis8ue. represent8tion of "whole-body" t i s sue was used. 39.6X crrbon dioxide, and 5.4% nitrogen by volume) u s chosen t o have a density such tha t the d i m e t u of the cavity was 1.0 lJm fo r u n i t derui ty material. (Shonka type A-150, Shonka, 1959). It should be mphUi2.d t b t in t h i 8 calculation a pure 'II' beam was asmmed, md the e f f ec t s of incident muons and electrons were not included.
A mlnp l l f i ed 4-el-t d, C, N, 0 ) The TL g8s (55.0Z propure,
The cavity IUS sutrounded by a l/E-lafh k y u of TE plastic
Figure 7 shows the computed event spectra, n(p) 0s y, where n(y) i s th. r e l a t i v e nuaber of events per un i t y internal aud p, the l i n e d energy density, is the energy deposited i n the g8s by the w e n t divided by the m a n chord length of the volume (2.3 the s1muL.t.d diameter). The &u i n Fig. 7 labeled " to ta l correlated" Vera coaputed using the s? of thm energy depositions from all par t ic le r resul t ing from the same ff capture. Thus, correlations in the energy depoeitions which occur when more than one p a r t i c l e from the same capture deposit anergy i n the detector are ln- eluded so that the to ta l correlated spectrum is analogous t o the sptctrum that would be measured. various par t ic le type. in which the enern daposftlon by particle. of d i f f e ren t types are considered separately i n d e t e d n i n g the y i n t e r v a l in which the contribution occurs. Figure 7 was obtained by summing the contribution8 from each pa r t i c l e type and does not, i n general, correspond t o the spectrum that would be mw8uted. Thus, the difference between the t o t a l correlated spectrum and the t o t a l uncorrelated spectrum represents the contribution of d t i p a r t i c l e eventr.
Figure 7 a b 0 shows the w e n t 8peCtnm due to
The cum. labeled "total u n c o r ~ e l ~ t e d * ' i n
Figure 8 shows the dose dictr ibut ions i n y corrrrponding t o the w e n t spectra of Fig. 7. Thus, yd(y) is the dose per un i t logarithmic interval of y, SO that the areas under the cumes are proportional t o the fract ion 04 the dooe fn the correa- ponding range of y. computing these resul ts ; consequently, the s t a t i s t i c a l f luctuat ions are rather large as evidenced by the sca t t e r in the points a t large values of y.
The ordinate is the produce of y and the dose per u n i t y interval.
A re la t ive ly su8ll number of l r C8ptUreS were u8ed in
One in te res t ing result from Pi86. 7 and 8 is that the contributiopr to the event spectrum and t o the dose by l a r l t i pa r t i c l r Cylllt . is ra ther .PI11 in terms of dose). This is an important finding because the contributions of muleiparticle events is an important consideration i n dctcmlning the par- t i c u l a r type of detector (walled o r w a l l - l a s s ) tha t Is needed for pion dosla- e t ry . Also, although conventional algorithms (e.g., Rossi .nd Rosenveig, 1955; Kellerer, 1972) f o r inferr ing LET spectra from ucpcrtmentol grs pro- port ional data neglect the contribution of mult iprr t lc le wen t s , -it I s important t o know t h i s contribution because it is one factor that determiner the 8ppl icabi l i ty of these standard algorf thms to pion dosimetry.
It seems tha t the major correction t o the data Vi11 be in converting t o real t i s sue , regardless of the type of detector. In t h i s cane, .long w i t h the f a c t tha t walled chambers tend t o be more accurate and r e l i ab le indicate6 t h a t the proper approach would be t o use conventional detectors, calculate the corrections, and, perhaps, check a few of the corrections experlmenully t o be cer ta in they are correct.
5%
c-1 c T. I-
Ipc 4 - c
0 P
a rl
It should be noted that the characferiZ8tfOn Of the radiation f i e l d in tern of m u n LET l e not applicable where the par t ic les &bit mmll enerpy losses and Iarga flUCtU8t$ons i n exwrgy b8seB and path lengths result. Furthermore, there are r e s t r i c t ion r on the use of LET a. a univerml parameter fo r expressing biological effects . energy losses i n biolonicalls s igni f icant s i t r n . nq rl-n nrnnne-ri b---
An investigation of 00133014050
Ofotrl Correlrted OTotal Uncorrclrted
. O Pions A Protons 8 A I phrr . He1 ium-3
Tritons, Deuterons
10' 10' 10' 10'
Figure 7 , Computed Event Spectra for a Gas Proportional Counter Located i n the Stoppinq Region of a r Bean (A-troag and Chandler, 1976) COFtE.; FOi i
K S 7 'I -1
’.
t i 0 0
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0 0 c5 0 c 0
COPIES FOR H S P f
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00133014.053
.......... . -._- .- --..- . - - -.- b . . . .
. - . - I - _. .
,r'
..-_... .... - . . . . . . . . . . . . . - .. __-, . . . . . . . . . -. . .,- . - I .
.. . . . . . . . . ..-.--. -.- . .--.-.-.-. -. - -- ..-7
; .
.. .- . . . . . . ..-. _- .. --.. ..... we of d i r t r fbu t loa r 88 8 b8.b for c h u l c t e r f Z f n g rdiatioa f ie ld8 and Fn i n t e rp re t ing b io logica l e f f e c t s , it is a t i l l d e s i r a b l e to ob-
qaCa8.
C
I
! c ..
Figure 9 8havs t h e dore d i s t r i b u t i o n coppukd w i t h 8ad without th. P wall.!.
the t o t a l dose, is the .me.) Figure 9 ahmm that the 'LE wall h u a mub- ;: stmtfal e f f e c t in th y tmge f r m
prmciaion could, of course, be ob t r i rud by simply r a q u u t l n g in tti.w : input that 8 l a r g e r d e r of capturas be t raated.) : dome in the gas is the compo~i t lon of "whole-body" tissue.
(ThU ?Utdt8 8?e n 0 d Z . d 80 th.t th U U 8 d e r th. hlo %.&,'
20 to 100 keV/p; my effect bw ]r > 100 h V / p i. m k 8 d by mt8d8 t id fhCtU8t%OM. (Better 8-
The t o t a l ab- 82 higher with the TE w i l l than f o r a w a l l hariq
For urposes of comparisoa, recent d a t a of -1s e t a1. (197%) for If , \ and 5- are shown i n F igs . 10 and 11.
c . Background Radiation
It I 8 acrcasrary t o know the b8ckgroupd rrdi . t ion for crlcuhting ukdr body d o m s I n regions not I n the p r h 8 r y b u m . (1973) have calculated neutron production from pion beams and have calcu- lated the dose l e v e l s expected as a funct ion of d i s t ance from the bum,
S c h i l l a c i and RMd.r
To da te , t he only experimental d a t a av r ibb le are d8ta outs ide t h e ptbary beam, both I n and adjacent t o 8 water phuktom, obtained at WXPP vith t i r rue-equivalent p l a s t i c proport ional counters (Amols e t 01, , 1975B) urd with f i s s i o n f o i l s (Wilenzick e t al, 1975). The neutron dose, at 8 d i s t a n c e of about 25 cm from the b a a axis, for a beam approximately 3 x 5 x 7 cui, FWHM, is t yp ica l ly about 0.02% of the peak dose. The result of one measurement is o h m in Pig. 12. The measurments w i th the proport ional counter are p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t e r e s t i n g because these data show 8 s ign i f i can t low l ineal energy (or l o w LET) component in the background radiat ion. a d electrons surrounding the p r F u r y bum md i n some cases r e p r e m a t s 8 l a r g e r f r a c t i o n of rhe background r ad ia t ion than do neutrons.
This component ruulu from t h e halo of p-, muom,
' The preoent methods would be i d e a l l y su i t ed f o r determining what the dose would be outs ide of the immediate treatment volume. I n f a c t , i n MIy cases, the da ta would be automatical ly availabl.? as p a r t of t h e output d a t a without modifications i n t h e existing codes.
d. S i l i c o n Detectors as Pion Dosimeters
Many ca lcu la t ions associated wi th the pion therapy program r e q u i r e 8 knowledge of the types of p a r t i c l e s i n t e r a c t i n g , t h e i r i n i t i a l enmrgiu, and t h d r rare of energy loss. use of gas proportional counters i n order t o o b t a i n microdosimetric
a l s o be obtained with s i l i c o n de tec tors .
S i l i c o n de tec to r s have c e r t a i n inherent c h a r 8 c t e r f s t i c s which p.Iu them a t t r a c t i v e dosimetric devices f o r pion doaimctry. They art small, have good l i n e a r i t y and fast response, and they have exce l l en t particle discr iminat ion. S i l icon de tec to r s have beca used f rom ' th r beg-- i n
Some of t h i s i n fo rua t ion is obtained by the
' spec t ra . It has been shown (Richman, 1975) t h a t complementary d8 ta a n
COPIED FOR l!S?T 00133014.054
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O U I
FQ. 10 The distributions L-J dose ~ I Y function of -ea1 energy for a 2-llp effective cavlty diameter 8t eight different depth8 irr l i q u i d
of each panel ltdlcatc the areel duUity Solid curves ate d l f f e r e n t i . l ' d o ~ e ' d t ~ l b u t l o ~ r8 a function of y. Dashed cuIpes are integral dose 'distributions ' (ho l s et al., '1475~).
CI)PIE-J FOR phantam Irradiated by T-. Number8 A n the up e rl ht-bad corner f% each rpcctrrm.
HSPT
1 o q I 8 0 1 00 1330 14.0%
1
Fig. 11 The distributions in dose 48 8 function of l i n u l eocrrgy for
Solid curwes a e differen- 8 2- rf frctiva cavity disnreter 8t 2 d i f f trent depths fn a
tial dame B?.stri?mtSom am m h n c t 5 w of v. . P 8 s h d clrrve~~ are integral dose distributfons ( h o l s e t 81., 197%).
COPIED FC)R l i q u i d phantom irradiated by HSFT 1 0 9 1 8 0 2 00 133014.056
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . ......-... .... . . . , . . . . . . . . . . - ....... .-.- .............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I--.-. .. ..-_____ - _. .- ..-. .
pion dosimetry work a t Los Alanms. work in this reg8rd, and sme of the results 8re shwn iu Fig. U.
Richman (1976) hu reported .rt.olrive
C
I do not y i e l d d l r a c t l y a t issue-equivalent respoase. Hua s topp-gorus . 1 ..
While s i l i c o n de tec to r s have d i s t i n c t rdv.atrgu and complement o t b a dos lmat r ic methods ( v i r , gas proport ional counters) , s i l i c o n d e t u m m
for t i u w - l i k a materials and s i l i c o n are subs t an t i a l ly d i f f e r e n t d according to t h e o r e t i c a l p red lc t lons (Armstrong .ad Chandler, 1971), the chargeti-particle energy production from II- captures a s i l i c o n 1. % PX le- than in t i s sue . t h a t if thin (% t ens of microns) s i l i c o n de tec to r s are used, then w i t h th. a i d of c a l c u l r t i o n s t o unfold and modify the measured spectrum, the tissue= equivalent dose can be inferred-
- However9 an essent ia l point Of t h e p r o p o s d e is
Very l imi ted ca l cu la t lons on the rupouae of s i l i c o n de tec to r s io tb. r8dirtion f i a l d produced by !stopping piona have bW3n C u r i d out (e NSF/rUrne fuading) Q Arnstrong and C h a n d l e r (1974A. 1976). t h e products from II captures I n t i s s u e and s i l i c o n are deter lnirrd w h g t h e t h e o r e t i c a l nuclear model discussed previously. l a t ion is performed fo r each capture , and t h e energy deposi t ion in the s i l i c o n by each charged p a r t i c l e product is determined using 8 code devel- oped by Armstrong and Chandler (1973) for stopping powers and rangem. Thus, f l u c t u a t i o n s i n t h e p a r t i c l e production and co r re l a t ions caused by =re than one p a r t i c l e per capture cont r ibu t ing t o the energy depos i t ion ( i .8 . . m u l t i p a r t i c l e events) are properly taken i n t o account so t h a t t h e analog of t h e measured pulse-height spectrum l o obtained. i n the t i s s u e phantom vi& the s i l i c o n removed is a l s o computed. t he r e s u l t s are shown i n Fig. 14.
In t b i r c d ,
A Monte Carlo U l c u -
The energy depos i t ion Some of
One of t h e main conclusions of these prellmlnory ca lcu la t ions is that i f t h i n s i l i c o n de tec to r s are used, then t h e concribut ioas t o the p u l u he igh t spectrtrn by var ious p a r t i c l e types are f a i r l y w e l l resolvd. T&b meam t h a t the contr ibut ions t o the n u s u r d spectrum by variour puficla types can, wlth the aid of ca lcu la t ions , be iden t i f i ed . Furthermore, t he ca l cu l8 t ions show t h a t the measured spectrum can be analyzed to infer t h e t issue-equivalent dose. Thus, i n pion radiobiology, th ick silicon de- tectors f o r p r a c t i c a l reasons (Raju e t al, 1971) may be advantageotu i n mapping t h e r e l a t i v e dose d i s t r i b u t i o n s and f n determlnlng the s p o t i l l d i s t r i b u t i o n of stopping pions, whereas t h i n de tec tors o f f e r t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r es t imat ing the t issue-equivalent dose and the cont r ibu t ions t o the dose by var ious capture products.
Monte Carlo ca lcu la t ions a r e proposed as p a r t of a coordinated e f f o r t on the appl ica t ion of s i l i c o n de tec tors in pion dosimetry. The ca l cu la t ions w i l l provide quan t i t a t ive information on the de tec to r re- sponse that cannot be obtained, o r would be extremely d i f f i c u l t to obtain,
. experimentally but which is needed in es t ab l i sh ing the b i o l o p i c ~ slgnl- f i cancc of the d a t a €or use i n pion treatment planning. I n p u t i c u h r , t he ca l cu la t ions will be used t o unfold the measured spectrum of energy depos l t ions i n s i l i c o n t o in fe r the absorbed dose by var ious p a r t i c l e types i n t iseue-equivalent material. Monte Carlo ca lcu la t ions w i l l ala0 be carried out t o study the e f f e c t s of i n h F o g e n e i t i e s (bone, lung, tfrrrta, etc. on t h e dose d i s t r i b u t i o n s produced by A b c m . From ahem c a l c d t i o n s ,
00133014.058 COPIED FOR
I
.
. .-
an c- . s I\
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e L
L U V I
Eaergy deposition mectrr for silicon detectors of vatiour F(E), defined in t e x t has -its of XeV*g-l*cnz-capturt-l- interval)'l (hasttong and Chandler, 1974B).
,
. ...-.--. - . .. .-._ _.____.- _p . . . . . ._- . -- - . - . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . .
in the Ucperirurtr 80 that the comparironr vi11 be as d e f i n i t i v e 8s p o s 8 i b h . €mphris vi11 be p k c a on ident i fy ing a d understanding auy d i s c t e p n l c i e s be- tween thaory 8Id axparimmat.
.uicul8ted 8ad upuimmttal r t 8 u l t 8 r e8u l t lng from approriP.t ioru In the calcuhtion8, w r k w i l l be dlrmcted toward r e f in ing t h e ca l cu l r t i on r lme thod t o produce, iruofu u possible, am-t w i t h experimental r e s u l t s .
I f there should be important d i f f e rences b e t m a the r
I
! ..
Also, the r s n r l t i v f t y of the computed result . (absorbed dome, y spac t r a , BBE, .ad OER) t o sap. of the ummption8 and t h e o r e t i c a l models clpployed l a t h e C8lCal8tions will be cvalwted. For example, the prellminary ca lcu la t ions indicate that tha d i f f e r - ence in rempome of tissue vs. t issue-equivalent p l a s t i c and walled vs.-uall-lua de- t e c t o r s is due in large p.rt t o the higher a -pa r t i c l e production from R (predonrinmtly by carbon wclei) in t h e t issue-equivalent p l a s t i c md from ll capture8 (predorPiruntly by oxygen nucle i ) in t h e t issua. I n some of t h e cakuhtions, the a -pa r t i c l e production I 8 obtained by r u i ~ by whg 8 t h e o r e t i c a l nuclurm&l: the i n t r 8 n u c l . u ~ a p o r a t ~ o n model. extent a rpecifled c w a In the t h e o r e t i c a l l y predicted a-particle production, u y - +15X, a f f e c t r , f o r example, the predicted va lue of the RBE. uses the F e d - T e l l e r Z-law (Fermi and Teller, 1947) to determine the type of nutleus tht undergoe8 capture4 .c . . the probabi l i ty of final capture by a nucleus of chuge 2 (excluding hydrogen) I s taken t o be 2 t h e s the atom dens i ty of Z-type nuclei . h i a t i o n s from t h e Z-law (apparently due t o molecular s t ruc tu re ) have bean observed (e.g., Cershteln e t al, 1969). but t o pred ic t capture p robab i l i t i e s f o r c o n p l i u t e d compositions such as t i s sue , with molecular e f f e c t s taken i n t o account, is aot present ly possible. recant ly a t Loo Alrmoo S c i e n t i f i c Laboratory suggest subs t an t i a l dev ia t ions from the Z-law. However, t h e p r a c t i c a l s ign i f icance of these deviat ions as r e l a t e d to tha dosimetry c a l c u l a t i o n s proposed here is not clear because some of t h e l a r g e o t devia t ions from the Z-law appear t o occur for nuc le i of low abundancc8. l a t i o n s w i l l be made using capture p r o b a b i l i t i e s subs t an t i a l ly d i f f e r e n t from those p r d i c t e d by the Z-l.w in order t o estimate an uppcr-limit f o r the in f luence o f this uncer ta in ty on t h e predicted de tec tor respome, RBE, and OER.
. c8-u
Thus, it is irporunt t o know t o rlrt
Also, t he code 8f present
Prel iminary measurements of mu-mesic x-rays from t iseue- l ike materials made
Therefore, a few calcu-
Severa l rxperhents are undwxtroy t o measure t he d i f f e r e n t i a l angular 8nd energy cross occtionm f o r charged p a r t i c l e production fram pion In te rac t ions . became €tVaihbh, they w f l l be incorporated Into the codes. are d i f f i c u l t and demand l a rge amounts of acce le ra to r t i m e , so that results uill be slaw in coming. signif icant dependence on t h e o r e t i c a l models.
Ao such drta However, these axperimmts
It I s probable t h a t , in the foreseeable fu ture , t h e r e will r a n a
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g u i d d i n e r f o r inhoProgeneltp correct ions can be obtained for u t i l i m o n in pion treatment planning. crlculatioru, d i r e c t comparisons with experimental s i l i c o n dosimetry data w i l l be made.
FOK both the d O 8 h t t l C and t h e inhomog.lrde
4. Biological Significance of Dosimetric Data
Calculations w i l l be made to relate the physical data to rodla t ion quaUgy d biological effect.. The c8lculatlonalmcthod pr0po.d give8 8 ra ther caplplau @car. of the physical p rocrss rs that occur and can provide the d m t o i l d physical infonrttoa needed t o est-te biological effects . the detector response in terns of y spectra but a180 the energy spectra f o r tb flueace of a11 charged-particle types and the "directly-computed" LET spectrum, where applic- able , (a8 oppoeed to the LET spectrum infer r td from the y spectra) . Thus, the &u- lati- w i l l provide the phyeics input neadrd to cmpue the cell s ~ r v I V . 1 ~ BEE, 8nd OEB pr td ic t ionr of v u l o u s biological modal., In pUt imd8r , valtmr will barn f o r the (1972). and, posribly, Chatterjee and Tobi8r (1974). Since the conceptual ).rc-C for these b io logica l model8 are di f fe ren t , It is nece8muy t o obtain a coqarlmen of the n m e r i c a l prediction. of the REE and OER f o r t he ..M r ad ia t ion f i e l d and detector con- f igura t ion and t o compare with experimental b io log ica l data.
0
Avaihblc information would include not d y
and OER u predicted by the models of K a l l u e r and Roasi (1972), lter et rl.
Because of the l a rge var ia t ion of rad ia t ion qua l i ty i n a given pion beam, as w e l l as from one beam t o the next, it w i l l be necessary t o estimate the correa- ponding va r i a t ion i n biological effects . be necessary t o ca lcu la te , not' only isodose contours, but a l s o Lsoeffect contouri.
Ultlmately, in treatment planning it vi11
A t t h io t h e , the accuracy of the various models is l imited, especial ly i n the range of therapeut ic doses. l og ica l e f f e c t s will have t o be improved aa experimental data become availabla. is, a sanieapirical approach may have t o be taken, where the models and theo r im are used to In t e rpo la t e oad extrapolate from a v a h b l t b io log ica l and c l l n l u l drta, not only for pions but also f o r other high LET and conventional radiat ions.
It is proposed t h a t the methods used t o ca lcu la te bio- That
It i o not t h e fn ten t lon of t h i s proposal t o develop treatment plannine codes capable of searching f o r acceptable isoeffect coutours appropriate f o r specific t reatuents , as w i l l be needed i n treatment planning codes. t h e present codes be used f o r comparison with p rec l in i ca l da t a i n order t o de t an r i a t the basic r e l i a b i l i t y of the method. rout ines may be d i r e c t l y applicable, a t least in p a r t , t o the corresponding problem i n treatment planning.
Rather i t is our i n t e n t that
It is l i ke ly , however, t h a t some of tha p r u o n t
5. Guidance of Experimental Work
It i o the in ten t ion of t h i s proposal t ha t the ca lcu la t ions supplement the prcc l in lca l therapeut ic program i n order t o reduce the t o t a l amount of cos t ly experimcnt~ necessary f o determine the appl icabi l i ty of negative pions to clinical therapy,
6. Veri f ica t ion of Calculational Method
A very important object ive of the propolred work will be to obtain compui.On0 between calculated and experimental absorbed dorc8, y 8pectra , and LET apectxa. ca lcu la t iona l method w i l l be su f f i c i en t ly general f o r the ca lcu la t ions t o be d e for
The
the beam cha rac t e r i s t i c s , detector conf igu;atioas. .ad phantom compositionsM%oyg$ COPIEb run
.* i i ..
$. Methodo of Procedure
while the g W 8 l ou t l ine urpected for the work ir d u c r l b d in the fo- -8- graphs, the priorities for f u r t h u calculat ions a d add i t iona l code develop. l .ntvi l l be based t o a h r g e utent on the i n i t i a l ccmpariooru with up.rim.rrul &a.
Both codes will be .v . i l rb le for routine calculations. In SQU asem, u aibrvl pravtbusly, it may be des i r ab le t o perform the mame d c u l . t i o n by both mathodmi0 order t o d e t e r d u e the r e l i a b i l i t y of a method rued. R o v r r u , in ganera, thf,vfll not be the case. For those calcuhtionr which cannot be done with PION-1, U T C w i l l be used.
If appl icable , PION-1 Will be used because of Its h e r caplrt.r comt.
It I 6 anticipated that some modifications of the codas vi11 be needed over the period of the grant. cy l indr ica l symmetry.
PION-1 w i l l be modified 80 that it I s not necessary to uu This is not ant ic ipated to be 8 major modification.
The b u i c c0mput.t codem w i l l be modified t o indud. enmrgy straggling ad- of the U-value vari.tion with p a r t l c l t type and anergy, if nacassaq . VhihU-ulsam are not well kaavn for the tissue-equivalent gasem of I n t e r e s t here, approxiurn, sad- aap i r i ca l data are ava i lab le (e.8. Dennis, 1971) and can be used t o check the -%- t l v i t y of the y spectra, t o t a l dose, and RBE t o U-value var i a t ions . (The recent work of Turner, e t al (1975) suggests that, in terms of the t o t a l dose, W-value varlatlom f o r radiat ion fields produced by pion beams Vi11 be small.)
The sens i t i v i ty of the computed r e s u l t s (absorbed dose, y spectra , EBE, and Om) t o the theore t ica l ly predicted a-particle production and t o t h e use of tha Fermi-Teller &law in determining the r- capture p robab i l i t i e s w i l l be checked . Initial comparisons with experlmenral data w i l l be made for the A- capture region.
In order t o obtain calculated responses for de tec tors located in the dose plateau region, some modification of the prelinrinary de tec tor code w i l l be required. This w i l l not be a major e f f o r t s ince the needed input f o r r r u c l u r lnteractioru Lo the plateau region can be generated using the general nuclto-meson transport cod. HETC (Amstrong d Chandler, 1972A).
The ca lcubt iona lmethod will be extended t o take Into account the effects o f &rays If necrssaq, i n order t o achieve overa l l agreement wlth ini t ia l m a a s m t i of y a d LET spectra. . This could be a major effort. d e t a i l with uhlch It wil l be possible t o treat 6-rays vill require some study, The amst de t a i l ed approach would be to extend the p r e e a t Kaate Carlo calculatloru of t h e heavy charged-particle trajectories t o include the &ray production along each t r a j ec to ry , and then t o perform a Monte Carlo ca lcu la t ion to determine the &ray trajectories and energy losses, taking advantage of t h e work of Btrger (1973). With t h i s complete treatment, addi t iona l ln fom8t ion on the e f f e c t s of the detec tor walls on the event spectra and on the relation between the energy deposi t ion In t he g u and energy'loores tu bio logica l ly re levant volumes can be computed. approach, which should provide a r e a l i s t i c treatment of the energy deposit ion in the gas but which would not take into account the pa ths of lndfvldurl brays on the energy f luctuat ion, would be t o employ some ava i l ab le a n a l y t i c a l descr ipt ion (e.g., Katz, 1972; Chatterjee e t al, 1973, a d Fa- e t a l , 1974) f o r the r.di.1 dependence of the average &ray energy deposition. I s a function of the energy, charge, and mass of the heavy ion) 'could be a p p U i n computing the energy deposited by individual heavy-forr trajectories that p... through 01 near the sensitive site.
.- -.- -- -.. __ The degree of
A simpler
*
This radial dependence (which
IO?! I 8 0 9 00133014 063
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A fundrunt8.L p u t of DQP. Of
. -- ---- . . . . . . . . -
. - . . - . --.- -- --.- --- - . 1: - . * :.::*
the d c u h t i o m d metbods I s the w e of tla8 Intra- n u c l ~ r - c u c 4 ~ v ~ o r a t i o ~ model t o obtain tha e m q y and psrtfcle t y m of e& pmdwts producsd by 1 capture. While calculationr U8iUg thir production mod& have been cam- p a r d w i t h experimaatal d 8 U for the 8baorbd do8e (Amstrong and Chandler, l97ZB) due to.1- bum8, ud aood agraaaat hu been obtaipd, capprri.oru betmen urcul.td .Id
'mumired detector rerporue8 would provide a different uui souwhat more atriryrrrc tut of the modal. Should there be a major difference in the rumred .crd crlculrtd r e s u l h a t t r i b u u b l e to the c8pture model, tb. work required t o modify the modal right require a nufor effor t , depending, of courre. on the nature and magnitude tho differ- emu. shortcomlngr of the rodel relevant to the present application. modification of the model is not part of the work propoaad here. crow-sectional data brccme avdlablc, the dependency on this n o d e l v l U be reduced accordingly .
1.
I
.
I ' .. I,
Included 8s p u t of the ptopo8ed work 58 the idantification of any 8iPnfPiCUpt However, any major A. ap-u .
Initial C O I P ~ U ~ O M w i t h axperlmental d a u md code developmaat u raquird will be parforlrd during th f i r r t y u t of the prgram. Addltlonrl caopuf.ons uitb m8uuremut t i and code doveloprent to include t h additional affect8 will be 1P.d. during the recond par. The third year w i l l be devoted toward anrlysis of existing experimental data end patient treatments.
1 0 9 1 8 1 0 n enn coprb 133014.064
WRST
C
9.
D. Sinoif ic8ncc
The radiation field in the vicinity of the s topping pion bum is complex VLth 8 '
! Thi. inforution wi l l be ob- in part fraa pion dosimetry, radio-.
9
mixture o f vuiour, high and low LET p u t l c h r . hportrnt to bow the absolute 8bsorbed dose md tha spatial distribution of th bSo- logical effects. l o g i d phyaicr, and biology. atpef3m.nt.l work i s e8smtF.l for th8 most b m f l c i r l a d .xpdirat w e of th -15- mental d8ta. contribute toward 8 deta i l ed physical basis for:
For pion traatrrmt planning i t ir
A concerted theeretical effort concurrent w l t h tb.
The calculational work ptoposd hue, together wfth meaaurcnents VilL
a. Beam davaloprprnt, beam tuning, a d beam 8haphg.
b. Preciaa and accurate dosimetry (where the tern "doshetry" refers to 8n adequate detezmination of beam Ch8t8Ctrri8tiCS 80 that careful and meaningful therapy can be accomplished) .rrd biology.
C. Treatment pllrming.
COO133014 065 COFl C w t w i t 1 0 9 1 8 1 I
3. Facilltica Av8llrble
The only uuique frcilitio required are faat, latgm-ry computers with p.dpb.ral
!
atorage devices. Such computur are available at the Oak Ridge Uatiorul Le-, the Loo Alamor ScfentUic Laboratory, and aubject to the Hatiorul Cancer Irm-'o approval (at the rrquert of the U.S. Energy h u r c b and Devalopaent Admirds-) of Science Appl icat lo~l , Inc.'s uae of the CDC 7600 corpplter located at the Lnrtmce Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, hllfornla. A data-link to th i s compuw i a convenfmtly located for uae by Applied Rerearch Institute persoanel.
.
1 0 9 1 8 I 2
! . ...... _. . . - ._. . - ._ - . . . . . . . . . . . . .
... ..-- .. ... .- . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... - . . I.-- . -.-> --.
F. Collabor8tlve Arrurn-ent S
The ptopord uark w i l l be a CollAborative sffort involving E.Pber8 of th Lo8 A h a 8 . * Scfentific Laboratory, the Oak Udga National Laboratory, Sciurce Applicatiorrr, hc.,
.and the Coacu El..urch 8ad T r u a e n t Center of the University of New lluico. of previous work in th field performed by a11 e r r s of this proposal, c ~ o m M- catiw h u beem saintaind.
C
I
W.
It i r lntmded that thir work benefit, not only th. abwe lnstitutionm, but 3.0 rll groups presently en8apd in research with pions and othu type8 of high LET rdi.tio9. for therapeutic rpplicatiorur. Therefore, travel &nd consultant funds have beem r e quarted to 8llw approxirutaly two one-day ~ e t l n g 8 peK ye8t for the purpose o f dir- cussing the progress rad priorities of the calculational work and the statui of the experimental programs, as w e l l as to provide regular occasions for the exchange of Id- Invitations vfll be extended to other pion fac i l i t ies and iustitutions q r g d irr pre- clinical invut lgat loru of other modalities.
1 0 9 1 8 1 3 - COFtE3 FOR
pw1,+14.067
. . .. . . .
C8ECadW and Comparison with Expariplent," Nucl. Sci. Eng. 49 - 82, 1972.
4. T. W. drutroiy and KO C. Cbaadlu, '%EIC, A Eigh-Eaergl T r u u -
5. T. W. Amstrong and K. C. Chandler, "Munta Carlo CalculrtfoP. of
port Code," Nucl. Scl. Ea. 2 110, 1972A.
the Dose Induced by Ch8rged PIOM and Cmparisorrs with Erper:IP.Dtm," h d l a t . Res. 52 247, 1972B.
6. T. W. Armstrong and K. C. Chaadler, "SPAR, A Fortran Program for Coplputixq Stopping Powers and Ranges for XUOIIS, Piane, Protons, and Heavy Ions," N u c l . Instr. Xeth. 113 3U, 1973.
7. T. W. Armstrong and K. C . Chandler, "Calculated Particle-Production
- Spectra from rT Captures in Tissue, Tlssw-Equivalent Plaatic, Silicon, and Germanium," Nucl. Instr. &tho 118 515, 19746.
8. T. U. Amstrong and K. C. Chandler, * ' C d c u k t i o i u R a t e d to the
- Application of Negatively Ch8rged P i a m Fo U o t h e r 8 p y : Absorbed Dose, LEI Spectra, and Cell SUNIv.1," Bsdirrt. Bee. 58 293, 1974B.
9. T. W. Armstrong and IC. C. Chandler, "Calculations on T i s s u e
- Equivalence for Stopping T- Mesons,'' Flucl. Ins t r . Math. 119 125, 1974C.
- 10. T. W. Amstrong and X. C. Chandler, private comunicatfon. 1976.
ll. Xugo W. Bert- and Hiriplr P. Guthrie, "Results from MLdfum-Bnurgp Intranuclear Cascade Calculations ," Nucl. Phy6. A169 670, 1911.
12. Martin J. Berger, "Some New Transport Calculationrr of the Dcposi- t ion of Energy i n Biological Materials by Lou-Energy Electrom," Proceedings of the Fourth Sympoaim on Ucrodosimetry, Verb&, Italy, September 1973.
-
13. A. Ch8ttrrjees H. D. Wccabee, and C. A. Tobtas, " R a d i a l Cutoff LET and Radial Cutoff Dore Calculations fo r H e a v y Chargad P a r t i c l e s
Uatar," Radiat. Res. E 479, 1973.
COPIEG FOR paIr914.068
I .
B.f arencer (continued)
14. A. ch.tt.rju 8nd C. A. Tobiu, "Appllcatioru of 8 High LET Tnclr Model," Abrtracts of Paperr, Tha F i f t h International
of Radiation Remarch, Sea t t l e , Washington, July 14- 20, 1974.
U. J. A. D d s , "Ioutmt iou by Lou Energy H e a v y Iopr h N i t r o l a ~ , C u b o n Dioxide, Argon and Hydrocarbon Cases," h d i a t . Effect. 9 87, 1971.
16. J. P. Dlcello, " D o s i m e t r y of Pion Beams," Proceedings of the In texaa t iona l Particle Radiation Therapy, in press.
17. J. Pais , H. Hannirr, rrd H. Hmtret, "Spstfrl k a ~ d 8-1- Path," U t . RU. $7 379, 1974.
18. J. B. Duttmnoir, H. A. Wright, J. E. Tumer, d E. 8. E m , "E8tirut.r of t he EBE f o r r- and n+ from Survival D i t 8 of T-1 Lltlpan Kidney Cells," Lnt. J. Rad. Biol. 3.421, 1973.
IUttrr," Phyr. Rev. 72 399, 1947.
Distributioo
19. E. F e n d and E. Teller, "The Capture of Negative Mesotrons in
20. S. S. Gerehtein, V. I. Pctrukhin, L. 1. Poncmarev, and Yu. D. Prokoehkb, "Mesoatomic Processes and Wodelu of Large Masic ~ l t c u l t r , " Soviet Physics Urpekhi 97 1, 1969.
2l. R. bi. Si-, 8. A. Wrlght, md J. E. Turner, "Effectr of Tiatsum Inhanogureitisr on Dore Pa t te rns in Cyl inders Irradiated by Xqatlve Pion BI.~.," Oak U g e b i a t i o ~ l Laboratory report Om-M-5088 (1975) .
22. Robert Katt, S. C. Sharma, .rrd 11. Hanayoonfar, 'me Struc ture of P a r t l c l a Tracks," in "Topics Za Radiation Domimetry, S u p p b meat 1" (Frank 8 . A t t i x , Ed.) Acadmic Press, New Pork, 317, 1972.
23. A. Y. Kdlerer, %vent Simultaneity in Cavities - Theory of the Distortions of Energy Deporition i n Proportional Counters," Radiat. Res. 48 216, 1971.
24. A. H. Kellerer, "An Algorltlmt f o r LET-Analysis," Phys. Hed. Biol. - 17 232, 1972.
25. Albrecht H. Kellerer and Harold H. Rorui, '%a Theory of Dual Radiation Action," Current Topics in Radiation Usearch Q u u t u l y 8 85, 1972.
26. H. M. Kligermn, G. h u t , J. P. Dfcallo, C. J. Sternhagan, J. E. B8rne8, IC. Loeffler, F. Dobrctolrid, 8. T. D a v i s , J. N. Bradbury, T. F. Luu, D. P. Petrrun, 1. A. U p p , "Idtbl Ceapar8tive Ikapowe t o P m k Sup=fici.l Metutatic 19odulu," prueated 8 t 57th Annual Meet- of Radiun Society, S a a JUM, Puuto Bico, May 4-9, 1975, Anur. J. Roent. Rad. Ther. Hucl. ~ . , 0 0 ~ 3 3 0 1 4 . 0 6 9 8 .
C?nClFn FOR
. a .
27. KO P. hju, Bo -0, S. b o C o r t i . , .pd C. W h m Of -0eU S f l l f C m b.tmtOt8 8Bd P l U d C S C h ~ h t ~ , w -8. LI.d. Bhl. 16 599, 1971.
28. C. Elclmm, "Chtacteristicr of #.srtive Piem Beam in a
29. C. Iuchrp, llCha~acteri~tica of 1 Negrtive Pion B u m for a8
Tbrr.p.Utk A p p l i C 8 d O U , " B d i O l O w 187, 1975.
I r r d i u i o n of Supetf ic ir l N o d u l u in Cancer Patlenta," Il .dirt . Bas. 1976, in press.
30. E. E. U8.i and W. Romenudg, *'huur-ta of N8utroa Dome u a PrmE_tfan of L i n u r Enrrgy Transfer," U t . Ru. f 417,
31. Frlmcir P. Sboptu, John E. Rose, 8ad C. ?8lll8, "Conductirrg P l u t i c Equivalent to T h m u e , A i r , and Polystyrme," Progr. Bucl. berm, Scr. 12, A, 1959.
32. J. E. Turner, J. Duttannois, E. A. Wr2ght. B. 1. 8.mr, J. BauU, A. H. Sullivan, 1. J . Berger, 8nd S. K. Seltzer, '?ha Corppuution of Pion Dose-Dose Cumas in Water ud Compuiron vlth Exper-t,"
33. 3. E. Turner, A. E. Wright, a d 8 . 1. H a m , "ISrtImation of W-Valuu
bdiate Be.. 52 229, 1972. - 19 Nitrogen aad Argon for U s e in Negative Pion Do8hetrp," Health Phye. 29 792, 1975.
34. B. M. Uileatick, J . M. Collier, H. B. ILrrowlem, J. J. Engelke,
- rad B. B. Ride, "Thermal .ad P u t Reutroru Produced by Bio- medical P i o n B ~ Q P L I , " Xed. Phy8. 2: 162, 1975.
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