sabavSvo gazeTi, V-VI klasi, N2 maisi, 2014

k i T x v i s d r o

tatuirebuli mumiis saidumlopiramidebis xsenebisas, pirvel rigSi,

egvipte gvagondeba. magram egvipte erTad-erTi qveyana ar aris, sadac adamianebs pi-ramidebi aRumarTavT. piramidebs agebdnen SuamdinareTSi, romis imperiaSi, CineTSi, amerikis kontinentze. bevri maTgani kar-gad aris Seswavlili, zogierTebs ki dRe-sac aqtiurad ikvleven.

perus teritoriaze araerTi Zveli pi-ramidaa. el bruxos udidesi pir-amidis wverTan mdebare Sida ezoSi muSaobisas erTma arqeologma samarxis ar-sebobis niSans miagno. mkvlevari moCes uZve-lesi xalxis wminda sari-tualo adgilas imyofe-boda. mas guliscema auC-

qarda. mixvda, rom iatakze mofenili didi filebis qveS vinme didebulis sa-marxi unda yofiliyo. da

marTlac, oqros nakeTobe-biT savse samarxSi mumia aR-

moCnda. darbazi daaxloebiT 1600 wlis ganmavlobaSi inaxavda

Zvirfas saidumlos. es adgili albaT mefis an diadi meomris

dasakrZalavad Semoinaxes. mainc ra ganZi inaxeboda winamZRolis saflavSi?

moCes civilizacia perus Crdil-oeT sanapiroze yvaoda axali wel-TaRricxvis 100-dan 800 wlamde.

gaxsnili mumiaramdenime kviris gulmodgine gaTxrebis

Semdeg arqeologebma samarxSi 100-kilo-gramian fuTas miakvlies. Sesaswavlad lab-oratoriaSi gadaitanes. mecnierebi nel-ne-la xsnidnen mumiis saxvevis 23 fenas. fenebs Soris asobiT Zvirfasi nivTi naxes. maT So-ris iyo: cxviris Sesamkobi oqros rgolebi da yelsabamebi, oqros sakeravi nemsebi, mbrwyinavi gvirgvinebi da diademebi. aseve

ipoves uzarmazari saomari xelketebi, rom-liTac moCes Zlevamosili meomrebi iyvnen aRWurvilni. bolos ki, eqvsTviani saTuTi muSaobis Semdeg, mecnierebis Tvalwin wars-dga mTavari ganZi. es iyo msoflioSi erT-erTi saukeTesod Senaxuli mumia.

magram mTavari siurprizi mecnierebs Turme win eloda. roca mumias frTxilad

gagrZeleba me-2 gv.

2 maisi, 2014

k i T x v i s d r o

axades oqros Tasi, romelic mis saxes far-avda, aRmoCnda, rom es ara mefe an meomari kaci, aramed idumali tatuebiT aWrele-buli... axalgazrda qalbatoni iyo. qalba-tons kao Searqves.

moCes wes-CveulebebidRemde aRmoCenili arqeologiuri ma-

sala da mecnieruli kvlevebi adastureb-da, rom moCes toms mamakacebi marTavdnen. moCes keramikul nakeTobebze – larnakeb-sa da WurWelze – mxolod kacebi arian gamosaxuli. isini nadiroben, ibrZvian, datyvevebul mters msxverplad swiraven da a. S. msxverplSewirvis erT-erTi sari-tualo adgili swored es piramida iyo. magram ra kavSiri unda hqonoda yovelive amasTan 20 wels odnav gadacilebul ax-algazrda qals? dedofali iyo, umaRlesi qurumi Tu meomari princesa?

erTi ram ueWvelia: qalbtoni kao miCveu-li unda yofiliyo gansakuTrebul mopyro-bas da Tayvaniscemas. xalxSi gamoCenisas is albaT dabrZanebuli iyo didebulTaTvis gankuTvnil taxtrevanze, romelic ramden-ime msaxurs mihqonda. qalbatoni kao zemo-dan dahyurebda brbos. anTropologi jon verano ambobs: `misi oqros samkauli ise ikaSkaSebda, rom qalbatoni kaos danaxva Soridanac iqneboda SesaZlebeli.~

erT dros didebuli da axla mumiad qceuli qalbatonis sxeuli moCes sxva mumiebze metadaa moxatuli. mis xelebs, fexebsa da terfebs gvelebis, obobebis, kiborCxalebisa da zRapruli cxovelebis gamosaxulebebi faravs. aravin icis dan-amdvilebiT, ras niSnavs es naxatebi. Sesa-Zloa, moCes xalxs swamda, rom cxovelebs kargi mosavlis motana SeeZloT. amitomac iWrelebdnen maTi naxatebiT sxeuls.

ratom iyo mumia damarxuli 23 Sub-Tan erTad? yvelaze gavlenian mamakac beladebsac ki mxolod erT an or aseT iaraRs atandnen xolme saflavSi. iqneb misma mcvelebma dautoves iaraRi saiqio cxovrebaSi Tavis dasacavad?

yvelaze mniSvnelovani ki isaa, Tu ratom daiRupa es saTayvanebeli qali aseTi axal-gazrda. ConCxs ar emCneoda avadmyofobis an dazianebis kvali. zogierTi mkvlevris azriT, igi, SesaZloa, mSobiarobas gadahyva. sxva versiiT, igi RmerTebs Seswires msxver-plad mrisxane stiqiis dasawynareblad. arc isaa gamoricxuli, rom es msxverp li qa-lbaton kaos Tavisi nebiTac gaeRo. magram mkvlevrebi sakuTari varaudebis utyuaro-baSi darwmunebulebi ar arian.

qalbaton kaos aRmoCena imdenad mniS-vnelovani iyo perus arqeologiaSi, rom saxelmwifom didi Tanxa gamoyo sagangebo muzeumis asaSeneblad. dRes muzeumSi war-modgenilia uaki-kao-viexos teritori-aze napovni nivTebi. eqspoziciis mTavari ganZi, ra Tqma unda, tatuirebuli mumia da mis samarxSi napovni Zvirafasi nivTebis koleqciaa.

anTropologi aris mecnieri, ro-melic swavlobs adamianis biolo-giur bunebas, adamianis warmoSo-bas, rasebs da sxv.

pirveli gverdidan

3maisi, 2014

k i T x v i s d r o

biudli inglisis Zveli qalaqia. mis centrSi mdinareze ingliselTaTvis cno-bili lamazi xidia gadebuli. Tumca, xi-dis garda, am patara qalaqma sxva ramiTac gaiTqva saxeli. erT mSvenier dRes qalaqis mkvidrma, mister edvard benboum, palin-dromebis rekordi daamyara!

palindromi aris sityva, winadadeba an striqoni, romelic winidanac da uknidan-ac, e. i. marcxnidan marjvniv da marjvni-dan marcxniv erTnairad ikiTxeba. mag. `ana~ aris mokle palindromuli sax-eli, `rogor~ da `manam~ ki – palindromuli sityvebi. galak-tion tabiZis pal-

indromuli frazaa: `ai, ra mzis sizmaria~. inglisurenovani palindromis magaliTia: `Do geese see God?~

sainteresoa, saidan da rogor moaRwia Cvenamde palindromis ideam? Cven palin-drom sityvebze bevrad meti viciT, vidre palindrom ricxvebze. Tavad es sityva ber-Znulidan modis. Palindromus niSnavs ̀ isev ukan gaqcevas~. palindromebi aRmoCenilia egvip-tur ieroglifebsa da laTinur teqstebSic.

palindromis teqstis Sesaqmnelad mister benboum gamoiyena 22500 sityva!

marTalia, azrobrivad sru-li abdaubda gamouvida,

magram saxaliso wa-sakiTxi ki gaxldaT.

p

al

indrome b

i

pal

i n d r o m ebi

p a l i n d r o m i ricxvic SeiZleba iyos. magaliTad, 353 an 2662 palindromebia. palindromis miReba Za-lian advilia garkveuli ricx-vebis SekrebiT.

1. dawereT nebismieri orniSna an met-niSna ricxvi, romelic 1-ze meti cifrisgan Sedgeba.

magaliTad – 47

2. Semdeg SeabruneT amave ricxvSi cifre-bi. SekribeT es ori ricxvi:

47 + 74 = 121

3. miRebuli ricxvi – 121 pal-indromia.

magram mxolod erTxel SekrebiT palindroms yov-elTvis ver miiRebT. zogjer pirveli Sekrebis pasuxSi ci-frebi isev unda SeabrunoT da amgvarad miRebuli ricxvebi SevriboT.

magaliTi:

48 + 84 = 132; 132 + 231 = 363.

rogorc xedavT, amjerad orjer dagvWirda ricxvebis Sebruneba da Sekreba.

p a l i n d r o m i s misaRebad, ro-

gorc wesi, ricxvSi cifrebis Sebruneba da

Sekreba 6-ze metjer ar dagWirdebaT. magaliTisTvis

mosinjeT 79.aqve girCevT, 196-s ar gaekaroT! am ricx-

vze kompiuterma ukve gaiara ramdenime aTasi safexuri da jerac ver miiRo palindromi!

SegiZliaT CamoTvaloT orniSna pal-indromebi? dafiqrdiT, ramdenad rTuli iqneba 3, 4, 5, 6 an 7-cifriani palindromebis

povna? axvalT milioncifrian palindro-mamde? gagikvirdebaT, magram zogierTebma ukve scades es saxaliso Tavsatexi da mi-iRes kidec Sedegi.

Zveli berZeni poeti sotadesi cxovrobda da moRvaweobda eg-vipteSi Cv. w-aR-mde me-3 sauku-neSi. ptolemeus II-is mmarTv-elobis dros mas dauweria pal-

indromi mefis Sesaxeb. samwux-arod, nawarmoebi ar mouwones da

umowyalod dasajes. sabralo moxu-ci yuTSi moaTavses da Sua zRvaSi moisroles.

saxaliso maTematika

4 maisi, 2014

k i T x v i s d r o

Zvelad sports mamakacebi ufro mis-devdnen. sporti xom sabrZolo da samona-direo iraRis xmarebas, cxenosnobas, samxe-dro wvrTnasa da varjiSebs ukavSirdeboda. cxenosnoba da iaraRis xmareba qalebisT-visac ar iyo ucxo. magaliTad, miTologiam Semogvinaxa legenda amorZali qalebis Ses-

axeb. isini gasaocari ostatobiT aWenebdnen cxenebs da xmarobdnen mSvild-isars. miuxe-davad yovelive amisa, sporti qalebis saqmed arasdros iTvleboda.

unda gavixsenoT mTamsvleli qalebic. pirveli qali, romelic msoflios umaRles

mwverval jomolungmaze avida, iaponeli iunko tabei iyo. man 1975 wels dalaSqra 8848 metris simaRlis mwvervali. cnobili qa-rTveli mTamsvleli aleqsandra jafariZe mamakacebs ar udebda tols Tovliani da yinuliani mwvervalebis dapyrobaSi.

dRes TiTqmis ar arsebobs sportis sfero, romelSic qalebi ar varjiSobdnen. maT Sorisaa erTi SexedviT Zalian mamaka-curi sportis saxeobebic: orTabrZola, Widaoba, krivi, karate, akrobatika, fexbur-Ti, mTamsvleloba, badros tyorcna, rali

da sxva. rogorc zafxulis, ise zamTris olimpiadebze, qalebi da mamakcebi TiTqmis Tanabari raodenobiT asparezoben.

gansakuTrebiT warmatebuli qarTveli sportsmeni qalebisaerTaSoriso asparezze qarTveli qa-

lebis warmateba pirvel rigSi Wadraks uka-vSirdeba. qarTuli saWadrako skolis gamarjvebebs saT-ave daudo nona gafrin-daSvilma. 1962 wlidan moyolebuli, man zedized xuTjer moipova msofli-os Cempionis tituli da pirveloba 1978 wlamde ar dauTmia. gafrindaSvili 11-jer iyo saWadrako olimpiadis Cempioni, orjer ki evropis CempionTa Tasi moigo. 1976 wels moWadrake qalTagan mas pirvels mieniWa kacTa Soris saerTaSoriso didostatis wodeba. daarsebulia nonas sax-elobis Tasi. mis saxels atarebs Tbilisis Wadrakis sasaxlec.

qarTuli Wadrakis meore didi warmomadgenelia maia CiburdaniZe. 17 wlis asak-Si is yvelaze axalgazrda msoflios Cempioni gaxda da Semdgom uamrav warmate-bas miaRwia. is cxrajer iyo olimpiuri Cempioni, samjer ki – viceCempioni.

sportis sxva saxeobebsac gadavavloT Tvali. pirveli olimpiuri oqros mflo-beli qarTvel qalTa Soris tanmovarjiSe medea juReli gaxda qalaq helsinkSi.

qeTevan losaberiZe mSvildosania. is mos-kovis olimpiuri TamaSebis Cempioni (1980), msoflios orgzis Cempioni da evropis abso-luturi Cempionia (1972).

gansakuTrebuli warmatebebi aqvs aseve Cvens Tanamedrove sportsmens, nino saluqvaZes. is tyviis msrolelia. yvelaze bevri – eqvsi olimpiadis monawilea. aris olimpiuri TamaSebis Cempioni, msofliosa da evropis Cempioni, msoflios superTa-sis cxragzis mflobeli. damyarebuli aqvs ocamde msoflio rekordi. nino Rirsebis or-denisa da vaxtang gorgaslis II da III xarisxis ordenebis kavaleria.

msoflio sportul samyaros uamravi qa-lis warmateba amSvenebs. sul tyuilad ar aclian biWebi gogonebs burTiT TamaSs! sul tyuilad!

mariam wiklauri

qalebi sportSi

qarTveli, kerZod guruli cxe-nosnebi 1892-1893 wlebSi amerikeli da

ingliseli sazogadoebis winaSe gamodi-odnen programiT `veluri dasavleTis Sou~. maT Tavad inglisis dedoflis wi-naSec ki mouxdaT gamosvla. Tavbrudamx-vevma ileTebma araerTi qeba da ovacia daimsaxura. maTi ileTebi gadauRiaT TviT indielebsa da amerikel qovboeb-sac. Turme gamomsvlelebs Soris guru-

li qalebic yofilan.

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7maisi, 2014

k i T x v i s d r o

bavSvebs gugumana kldeze Sekreba uyvar-daT. es klde bevri ramiT iyo gamorCeuli.

jer erTi imiT, rom soflis gaRma, zed Sarag-zaze mdebareobda. amitom mimsvlel-momsvle-lis dasasveneblad metad mosaxerxebeli iyo.

axvidodi kldeze da uecrad qveynierebis SuagulSi mogeCveneboda Tavi. win sofe-li gadageSleboda xelisguliviT Tavisi banebiTa da SuSabandebiT, ukan – didgo-ris mTa da fafafrenis mindori, marcxniv – Tovliani Wiuxebi da myinvari sibdaura, xolo marjvniv, mTis kalTaze miyuJuli kidev erTi sofeli – Ruli.

kldes, cal mxares, iolad asasvleli safexurebi da brtyeli, moedaniviT zeda-piri hqonda. meore mxares ki TandaTan maRldeboda da cicabo wvets ikeTebda.

ufro Tamami da uSiSari bavSvebi swored am wveroze Semoskupdebodnen xolme. amayad Camoscqerodnen qvemoT darCenilebs.

gugumana kldeze xSirad dainaxavdiT durbindmomarjvebul adamians, romelic soflis Semogarens aTvalierebda. aqedan yvelaze ukeT Canda, Tu ra fuWdeboda da ra keTdeboda sofelSi. advilad gaigeb-diT, sad puri cxveboda da sad saaraye qvabi duRda, visi saqoneli vis yanaSi gadadioda da visi xboebi vis saTibs afuWebdnen.

gugumana kldesTan kidev erTi sain-tereso ambavi iyo dakavSirebuli.

Tav-Tavisi bebo-papisagan yvela bavSvma icoda, Tu ratom erqva am kldes `gugumana klde~.

uxsovar droSi kldes erTi guguli SesCve-via. yovel weliwads, zustad erTsa da imave dros mofrindeboda, kldis wveroze, iq sa-dac axla yoCaRi bavSvebi sxdebian, Semojde-boda da `gu-gu, gu-gu~-s Zaxils mohyveboda.

Zalian SesCvevia es guguli am sofels da es sofeli am guguls. ise SehyvarebiaT, rom yovel gazafxuls mis gamoCenas mouTmen-lad elodnen.

erT mSvenier dRes ki, rogorc yvelgan xdeba, aqac gamoCenila boroti adamiani da guguli mouklavs. sofels Zalian swyenia sayvareli Citis sikvdili. misdami siyvar-ulis aRsaniSnavad am kldisaTvis sofels `gugu manaklavi klde~ daurqmevia, anu klde, sadac guguli mokles. droTa ganmav-lobaSi grZeli saxeli Semoklebula da `gu-gumana klded~ qceula.

`winaT iseTa yofila sofel, Citis sikvdil-sac ixsomebd~, – sinanuliT uTxra erTxel mge-lika papam samwyemsurSi myof gogo-biWebs.

rac marTalia, marTalia. aqamde bavSvebs amaze ar ufiqriaT. im dRidan ki Cafiqrdnen da gugumana kldezec TiTqos ufro mowiwe-biT daiwyes siaruli.

marTlac, bavSvebo! mTel dedamiwaze, roSkis garda, Znelad Tu moipoveba sxva sofeli, sadac Citis sikvdili andrezad hqondeT Semonaxuli.

es ambavi mec sayuradRebod momeCvena da amitom gadavwyvite TqvenTvis moTxroba damewera.

gugumana klde ki dResac iq dgas da Tqven gelodebaT.

vin icis, iqneb gugulic isev mofrindes?!

gaburi lela

gugumana kldis ambavi

andrezi aris xevsurul zepirsi-tyvierebaSi Semonaxuli ambavi laSqro-bis, gmirobis, zogjer ki - laCrobis Sesaxeb. andrezi hgavs andazas an araks. is warsulSi momxdari faqtebiT gvas-wavlis, Tu ra aris kargi da ra - cudi. Taobidan Taobaze andrezi gadadio-da zepiri moTxrobis an leqsis saxiT. meandrezes sagangebod iwvevdnen mis saTqmelad.

moTxroba

8 maisi, 2014

k i T x v i s d r o

SevqmnaT kolaJi

kolaJi xelovnebis nimuSia. is qa-Raldis an muyaos brtyel zeda-pirze sxvadasxva masalis dawebe-biT keTdeba. sityva kolaJi fran-guli enidan modis, `coller~ dawe-bebas niSnavs. dasakravi masalis saxiT iyeneben ferad qaRalds, fotosuraTebs, Jurnal-gazeTe-bidan amoWril detalebs, len-tebs, Rilebs da sxv. SesaZlebelia eleqtronuli kolaJis gakeTebac. kolaJis Seqmna SeiZleba romelime konkretuli nawarmoebis, winas-war mofiqrebuli ideis an Tavi-sufali Temis garSemo. SesaZle-belia kolaJis formiT moTxro-bis, zRapris an leqsis ilustra-ciac damzaddes. kolaJis Seqmna damoukidebladac SegiZliaT da jgufuradac. am statiaSi waikiTx-avT konkretul rCevebs kolaJis Sesaqmnelad.

SearCieT kolaJis Tema da forma. sasurvelia, winaswar Camoayali-boT Tqveni kolaJis Tema. Tu ilus-tracias akeTebT, mniSvnelovana-ia, rom nawarmoebi kargad gqondeT wakiTxuli. gadawyviteT, ris dawe-bebas apirebT kolaJze. amisaTvis dagWirdebaT sxvadasxva masala: feradi qaRaldi, Zafi, qsovilis naWrebi, markebi, Jurnalebidan amoWrili furclebi, plastmasi, folga, produqtis etiketebi, xufebi, asanTis Rerebi, sacobe-bi, Rilebi, bunebrivi sagnebi (xis qerqi an foTlebi, patara totebi, kvercxis naWuWi, niJarebi) da sxva. rogorc xedavT, arCevani Zalian didia. mTavaria, SerCeuli sagnebi weboTi advilad damagrdes.

kolaJis Sesaqmnelad dagWirde-baT: brtyeli zedapiri, dasakravi sagnebi, webo da makrateli.

amoarCieT Sesaf-erisi zedapiri. z e d a p i r i s T v i s ufro xSirad sqel qaRalds an muyaos iyeneben, Tumca SesaZlebelia sxva masalis aRebac. magaliTad, es SeiZleba iyos: tomris qsovili (jvalo), Zveli wignis yda, plastmasi da a.S. aqac mTavaria, rom SerCeuli sagnebi advilad dawebdes da damagrdes.

gaaSreT kolaJi. gadadeT dasrulebuli ko-laJi gasaSrobad. amas SeiZleba ramdenime saa-Ti dasWirdes.

daawebeT momzade-buli sagnebi ko-laJze. gamoiyeneT webo. SeecadeT aaw-yoT kolaJi erTi ZiriTadi nawilis garSemo, romelic Tqveni azriT gamorCeuli an sainteresoa.

moamzadeT zedapirze dasawebebeli masala. SekribeT kolaJis nawilebi, sanam dawebebas dai-wyebT. daWeriT an daxieT qaRaldi nawilebad. gamoiyeneT makrateli an sakancelario dana sx-vadasxva formebis misaRebad. efeqtisTvis Se-giZliaT qaRalds kideebi CamoaxioT. amoWeriT Jurnalebidan sasurveli nawilebi: suraTebi, asoebi an mTeli sityvebi. SegiZliaT stikerebis an dekoratiuli detalebis gamoyenebac. mosin-jeT dasawebebeli sagnebis ganTavsebis sx-vadasxva variantebi. es dagexmarebaT dainaxoT, Tu rogori iqneba dasrulebuli namuSevari.