K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
-
Upload
butlerwilliamcarlos -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 1/86
CLASS 1:
INTRODUCTION &ASSESSMENT – TG
Kinesiology
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 2/86
AristotleArchimedes
Galen
Sir Isaac NewtonGuillaume Duchenne
Eadweard Muybridge
History of Kinesiology
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 3/86
Aristotle
Greek philosopher – Father of Kinesiology(384-322 B.C)
His treatises on muscles of animalsdescribed actions of muscles PARTS OF ANIMALS
MOVEMENT OF ANIMALS
PROGRESSION OF ANIMALS
He was first to analyze & describe walking
He discussed of the problems of pushing aboat under various conditions which was aprecursor of Newton's 3 laws of motion.
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 4/86
Aristotle
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 5/86
Archimedes
Greek philosopher(287-212 BC)
His principles ofbuoyancy still used
today. Determined
hydrostatic principlesgoverning floatingbodies that are stillaccepted inswimming.
His work may haveincluded the laws of
leverage &determining the
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 6/86
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 7/86
Archimedes
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 8/86
Galen
Roman physician & citizen (129-217 AD)
Because of his work with gladiators, he is
considered to have been the first team physician
in history. His essay DE MOTU MUSCULORUM distinguished
between:
Motor & sensory nerves
Agonist & antagonist muscles
Described tonus
introduced terms such as diarthrosis &
synarthrosis.
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 9/86
Galen
He taught that muscular contraction
resulted from the passage of "animal
spirits" from the brain through the nerves
to the muscles.
Some writers consider his treatise the first
textbook on kinesiology & he has been
termed "the Father of Sports Medicine."
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 10/86
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 11/86
Sir Isaac Newton
English
philosopher (1642-
1727)Developed
Newton’s 3 Laws
of MotionFTM p. 141 Box 4-
3
FES p. 261 Box 9-
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 12/86
Sir Isaac Newton
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 13/86
Sir Isaac Newton
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 14/86
Sir Isaac Newton
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 15/86
Sir Isaac Newton
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 16/86
Guillaume Duchenne (1806-
1875)
French neurologist
Developed
electromyography
(EMG)
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 17/86
Electromyography (EMG)
An electrical
recording of muscle
activity that aids inthe diagnosis of
neuromuscular
disease
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 18/86
Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904)
English photographer who
lived in the US
Developed motion
photography or
cinematography
Famous for his movie of a
galloping English race
horse in 1887
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
File:Muybridge_race_horse
_animated.gif
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 19/86
Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904)
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 20/86
KinesiologyApplied Kinesiology
Kinesthesia
Biomechanics
Terminology
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 21/86
Terminology
Study or science of
movement, which includes
anatomical (structural) &
biomechanical
(mechanical) aspects of
movement.
Study of movement thatcombines the fields of
anatomy, physiology,
physics, & geometry &
relates them to human
FTM p. 34 Box 2-3
A muscle testingprocedure used bychiropractors toevaluate muscles
Developed in 1960sby Americanchiropractor Dr.George Goodheart
Kinesiology FES p. 468 Applied kinesiology
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 22/86
Terminology
Sensory
perception of bodymovement
Study of
mechanicalprinciples & action
applied to living
bodies
Mechanicalanalysis of
movement
KinesthesiaBiomechanics FES p.
468
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 23/86
Who needs Kinesiology?
Anatomists, coaches, strength and
conditioning specialists, personal trainers,
nurses, physical educators, physical
therapists, physicians, athletic trainers,massage therapists & others in health-
related fields
Should have an adequate knowledge &
understanding of all large muscle groups to
teach others how to strengthen, improve, &
maintain these parts of human body
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 24/86
Importance to Massage TherapistsFES p. 469
Understanding principles of biomechanics &
kinesiology helps to assess & observe the body
& in developing treatment plans
Important on 2 levels:Many clients may have pain from poor
posture, restricted movement, or repetitive
motion injuries
If the therapist does not move in a safe &
efficient manner, the therapist risks career-
shortening injuries
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 25/86
SOAP Notes
FTM pp. 138
FTM p. 141 Figure 4-19SOAP Charting Form
S=Subjective:
Frequently contains theclient’s informationregarding the pain theyare feeling
O=Objective: You
record information herethat you have observed& obtained throughdifferent assessmentmethods
PQRST: used for
recording
information about a
client‟s pain whichis subjective
information.
HOST & HOPST:
used for recordingobjective
information
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 26/86
PQRST
P = Provocation and Palliation
Q = Quality and Quantity
R = Region and RadiationS = Severity and Scale
T = Timing and Type of Onset
P P ti d
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 27/86
P = Provocation and
Palliation
What causes o r tr iggers i t?
Examples: stress, position, certain activities,arguments
What makes it better?Examples: changing diet, changing position,taking medication, being active, resting
What makes i t wo rse?
Does i t seem to be gett ing bet ter or worse
or does i t remain the same?
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 28/86
Q = Quality and Quantity
Try to let the client describe the pain in their
own words since sometimes they will say what
they think you would like to hear.
How does i t feel , look or sound?
Is i t sharp, du l l , stabb ing , bu rning,
crush ing?
How much of i t is there?
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 29/86
R = Region and Radiation
Where is i t?
Is i t in one place?
Does it go anywhere else?
Examples: down the back, down your arm, up
your neck, down your legs
Did i t s tar t somewhere & is now local ized
to one spot?
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 30/86
S = Severity and Scale
Does i t inter fere with your act iv i t ies?
How does i t rate in sever i ty?
How bad is i t at i ts worst?
Does i t force you to s i t dow n, l ie down, s lowdown?
How long does an episode last?
Pain Scales:
Visual Analog Pain Scales – Black & White &
Color
Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale FTM p.
391 Figure 11-3
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 31/86
Visual Analog Pain Scales
C l Vi l A l P i
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 32/86
Color Visual Analog Pain
Scale
W B k F P i
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 33/86
Wong-Baker Faces Pain
Scale
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 34/86
T = Timing and Type of Onset
When did i t begin?
How long does i t last?
How o f ten does i t occu r?
Examples: hourly, daily, weekly, monthly
Is i t sudden o r gradual?
What t ime did i t begin?
When was the f i rst date i t happened?
What were you doing when you not iced i t?
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 35/86
T = Timing and Type of Onset
When do you usual ly exper ience i t?
Examples: daytime, night, in the early morning
Are you ever awakened by i t?
Does it lead to anyth ing else?
Is i t accompanied by other s igns &
symptoms?
Does it ever occu r before, du ring or after
meals?
Does i t occu r seasonally?
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 36/86
Other possible questions
Any medicat ions o r al lerg ies?
Does i t hu rt on breath ing or deep
inspirat ion?
Any history of pain?
Any fam i ly h is tory of s imi lar pain?
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 37/86
HOST & HOPST
H = History (medical)
O = Observation
P = PalpationST = Specialized Testing
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 38/86
H=History
Can include:
Health history
Reason for massage
History of current problemHistory of past illness & health
History of family illness
Current health practicesClient‟s goals for therapy
Medical clearance recommendations
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 39/86
C f f
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 40/86
Is the Client in „fight or flight‟ or
Sympathetic Dominance?
Restless
Anxious Fearful
Angry
Agitated Elated
Initially your
approach andstrokes used need
to match the client
Then you can work
to slow or calmclient down during
massage
Signs can include: Solution
I th li t l th i i
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 41/86
Is the client lethargic or in
Parasympathetic Dominance?
Generally relaxed
appearance Slowness
Depression
Your initial approach
needs to matchclient
Then your actions
can increase as the
client’s energylevels increase
Signs can include: Solution
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 42/86
How clients indicate problems on their bodies
Body language & non-verbal communication
FTM p.387 Gesturing
Example: If a client grabs at his shoulder
while he talks about it, he could beindicating a shortened muscle or fascia
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 43/86
P=Palpation
Definition: use of touch to examine tissues
FTM p. 404 - Assessment by Palpation
Main considerations:
Differentiate between different types of tissue
Detect differences in texture in same tissue types
Ability to palpate through tissue layers fromsuperficial to deep
Hot and cold areas
Skin color
General skin condition
Body rhythms including breathing
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 44/86
Mechanism of Palpation FTM p. 405
Proprioceptors & mechanoreceptors in our
hands, arms & shoulders send information
to the brain where the sensations are
interpreted.
The somatosensory region of the brain
devoted to the hand is very large
Ability is mainly sense of comparison –this tissue feels softer than that tissue
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 45/86
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 46/86
During visual assessment of a new client, younotice an area of skin that appears noticeablypaler than others. You believe that this mightbe a localized area of reduced blood supply or
ischemia. On your soap notes, the mostappropriate description for this conditionwould be:
A. “Localized area of pale skin”
B. “Possible localized ischemia” C. “Abnormal looking patch of skin”
D. Nothing; you would not include theinformation
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 47/86
During visual assessment of a new client,
you notice an area of skin that appears
noticeably paler than others. You believe
that this might be a localized area ofreduced blood supply or ischemia. On
your soap notes, the most appropriate
description for this condition would be:
B. “Possible localized ischemia”
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 48/86
Activity: Palpating on YourselfBones
Ligaments
Muscle
Tendon
FasciaSkin
Blood vessels
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 49/86
Palpating on Yourself - Bone
Hold arm in front of you with elbow bent. With pads of fingers, find pointy end of elbow (olecranon
process)
Still palpating, bend & straighten arm. The bone shouldretain its shape as you move.
Keep your arm bent & move fingers toward sides of elbow tofeel 2 hard bumps, one on each side (epicondyles ofhumerus)
Bend & straighten elbow while holding these bumps. Theywill retain their shape as you move.
Explore these structures. Follow the epicondyles proximallytoward shoulder & the olecranon process distally towardwrist.
Other areas: clavicle, patella, & malleolus
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 50/86
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 51/86
Palpating on Yourself - Ligaments
Ligaments are static stabilizers so do notmove.
Ligaments are present at the ends of bones wherethey help form joints. Sometimes a network of
ligaments will wrap around a joint, creating a jointcapsule.
Interosseous membranes are related to ligamentsbut are thinner & connect bones along the length
of their shafts. They are in the forearm & lowerleg but are too deep to palpate.
Tendons & ligaments often appear in the samelocations. Tendons will move & change shape as
the joint moves. Ligaments remain relatively
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 52/86
Palpating on Yourself - Ligaments
Remove your shoes & socks & cross your legs with one footresting on the opposite knee.
Find the inside ankle bone (medial malleolus) with pad ofyour thumb.
Move your thumb to the bottom edge of the malleolus &
slightly anteriorly. Actively move your foot around in circles as you press with
your thumb, locating the space between the ankle & footbones.
You should notice the gap between the bones opening &
allowing the deltoid ligament to come closer to the surface &be more easily palpated.
There are several ligaments in the ankle. You can practice tofeel the difference between bone, tendons & ligaments.
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 53/86
Deltoid Ligament
Deltoid Ligament Ankle Tendons
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 54/86
Ankle Ligaments
Palpating on Yourself -
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 55/86
Palpating on Yourself -
Muscle Skeletal muscle made up of distinct bundles of
parallel fibers giving them a corrugated feel.(Tendons feel „smoother‟.)
The parallel fibers have distinct direction of alignment.If you know the direction of the fibers of a muscle, itcan help you distinguish it from surrounding muscles.
Muscles change shape as the body moves. When itis stretched, it becomes longer & the fibers feel taut,like a tightened rope.
When a muscle contracts, it becomes thicker in thecenter & firmer throughout.
You can see this by viewing your own arm whenrelaxed & then with your fist clenched.
Palpating on Yourself -
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 56/86
Palpating on Yourself -
Muscles Wrap your hand around your opposite forearm, just
distal to the elbow. With your forearm relaxed, theflesh should feel soft & pliable.
Slowly bend your wrist back & forth. Notice how the
flesh under your palm changes as you move yourother wrist.
Notice the movements that make the muscles feelstretched & taut & which makes the muscles feelcontracted & thick.
Wrap your hand around different places on yourforearm & move your wrist. Are there locations thatmove more than others?
Other places to practice are around shoulder & knee
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 57/86
Palpating on Yourself -
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 58/86
Palpating on Yourself -
Tendons
Tendons come in a variety of shapes & sizes.
They can be broad & flat like those in the smallof the back or long & cable-like such as thosein arm & wrist.
Tendons, like muscle, change shape asthey stretch & contract.
They tend to be denser & smoother than
muscles. When palpating tendons, it helps to find a
muscle & follow the fibers until they becomesmoother prior to attaching to a bone.
Palpating on Yourself -
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 59/86
Palpating on Yourself -
Tendons
Lay the pad of your thumb across the inside of
your opposite wrist.
Gently strum your thumb back & forth, feeling
the tendons just under the skin. Hold your thumb still as you open & close your
hand. Do the tendons move & change?
Continue to hold your thumb still as you wiggle
your fingers. Do the tendons move & change?
Palpating on Yourself -
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 60/86
Palpating on Yourself
Tendons
Follow the tendons with the pad of your
thumb proximally toward the elbow. Can
you feel when the tendon changes to
muscle? Follow the tendons distally to the hand.
Can you feel where they insert on the
bone? This is more easily felt on the backof the hand.
Good places to practice are around
kneecap (patella) & dorsal surface of the
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 61/86
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 62/86
Palpating on Yourself - Fascia
Fascia comes in many different forms & is
separated into layers. Multiple layers with
individual collagen fiber directions give it its
unique feel & appearance.
It can feel wavy, dense or smooth depending
on location & health of the tissue.
It also has the ability to be solid & firm as well as
liquid or fluid in nature. Which form it takesdepends on temperature, pressure & tension
applied to the tissue.
Fascia is more challenging to palpate than other
tissues.
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 63/86
Fascia
f
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 64/86
Palpating on Yourself - Fascia
Slightly flex one arm & grasp the loose skin at the point ofyour elbow with the thumb & finger of your opposite hand.
Grasp firmly & see if you can roll the flesh between yourfingers. This is superficial fascia.
Bend & straighten your elbow as you keep hold of the fleshbetween your fingers. Feel the alternating tension &slack?
Grasp in the same way other areas of your forearm. Finda mark on your skin (freckle, scar) or mark your skin with apen. Keeping your eyes on the mark, see if you can causeit to move by pulling on flesh on different parts of your arm.
Practice at your patella & abdomen. Compare themovement of the flesh at different locations. Does the
amount of movement change the more you palpate an
P l i Y lf Ski
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 65/86
Palpating on Yourself - Skin
Pay attention to temperature, pliability & texture of skin as youpalpate.
Place pad of your fingers on the palm of your opposite hand.
Brush your fingertips lightly across the skin without moving it. Is
the skin rough or smooth? Any ridges, bumps or calluses? Is itoil, sweaty, or dry? What color is the skin? Repeat on the back
of the hand.
Move back to the palm. Keep both hands relaxed & make
small, deep circles with your fingertips on your palm. Try to
move the skin.
Open your hand wider & observe if the skin changes.
Return to back of the hand & repeat exercise. How do they
differ? How are they the same? Does anything change with your
touch?
Palpating on Yourself – Blood
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 66/86
Palpating on Yourself Blood
Vessels
The blood vessels are in a network which is
woven throughout the body, existing side by side
with lymphatic structures, nerves & structures of
movement.
Use caution when palpating near these structures
to avoid damaging the blood vessels.
When you palpate a pulse under your
fingertips, you have compressed an artery. Place your fingers on the inside of your opposite &
feel for the radial pulse. Gently roll your fingers
over the artery to feel the tube-like structure.
R di l P l P i t
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 67/86
Radial Pulse Point
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 68/86
Letting your fingers do the exploring!
Hidden Palpation Activity
Hidd P l ti A ti it
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 69/86
Hidden Palpation Activity
You will palpatethrough the fabric ofa pillowcase to try toidentify the hidden
items. 9 Stations
Take a sheet of
paper & numberfrom 1-9.
At each station, notea description of whatyou feel, how manyitems, & your guess
to what it is. (Ignoreany staples youfeel.)
After everyone has‘felt’ each station,we’ll reveal thehidden items.
Hidd It
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 70/86
Hidden Items
Straws (bloodvessels)
Coins
Glass circleshapes
Pipe cleaners
Yarn
Plastic wrap (deepfascia)
Pill capsules
Plastic tape Ribbed fabric
(skeletal muscle)
Pompoms (lymphnodes)
Cotton balls
Twine
Duct tape (deepfascia)
A t P l t FTM 405
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 71/86
Areas to Palpate – FTM p. 405
Skin
Superficial fascia
Fascial sheaths
Tendons
Ligaments
Blood vessels
Muscle layers
Bone
H t P l t FTM 405
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 72/86
How to Palpate FTM p. 405
Use back of hand to detecthot (inflammation,spasm, or increased
circulation) or cold(reduced circulation) areas
Areas that seem thick,dense or bumpy & pushyou away – hyperactive
Areas that seem thin orthat have ‘holes’ -hypoactive
Dry or damp (feels sticky &can mean activatednervous system)
Color: blue (lack ofoxygen) or yellow (liverproblems)
Moles & growths
Condition of hair & nails
Do gentle, small stretchingin all directions & noteareas that are stuck,restricted or too loose
In times of stress, epithelial
tissues affected first
Near touch (no contact)
p. 405Skin p. 406
H t P l t
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 73/86
How to Palpate
Area can feel spongy,resilient & springy like
gelatin Since it holds fluids, can
feel like water balloon
Kneading & skin rolling
can help find areas ofbinding
Look for areas thatbecome redder thansurrounding tissue or thatstay red longer
Superficial vesselsfeel like soft tubes
Should feel firm butpliable & supported
Feeling for pulses canhelp find this area
Watch for vessels that
bulge, are mushy or areconstricted & refer to aphysician
Superficial Connective Tissue
p. 407Blood Vessels p. 408
H t P l t
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 74/86
How to Palpate
Lymph nodes feel likesoft gel caps in joint
area If enlarged, refer to a
physician
Tissue should not bebogy & taut from water
retention If person has
unexplained &consistent edema, referto a physician
Since they have morecollagen, feel morepliable & less ribbed
than muscle Should feel pliable &
mobile
Under tendons can findbursa which feel like
small water balloon orbubbles
Tendons move withisometric contractions,ligaments don’t
Lymphatic Structures
p. 408Tendons p. 410
How to Palpate - Skeletal Muscles
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 75/86
p
p. 408
Feel like corded fabric or fine rope
Should feel firm & pliable but can also feel
tense & ropy
Palpate through layers till reach bone with aeven, broad based & slow pressure
Can slide layers to find adhesions
Having client move joint can help identifymuscles
H t P l t Sk l t l M l
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 76/86
How to Palpate - Skeletal Muscles
Tension in concentrically contracted musclesshows as tissue that is hard & bunched (caves)
Tension in eccentrically contracted muscles shows
as long, taut bundles with some shortenedgroups (hills)
Flexors, adductors, & internal rotators usually
shorten
Extensors, abductors & external rotators palpatetense & taut but are long with eccentric
dysfunctions
Musculotendinous junction & belly can contain
tri er oints & h ersensitive s ots
How to Palpate
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 77/86
How to Palpate
Thin & fibrous layerthat feels like sheets
of plastic wrap orduct tape
Location affects feel
Can feel fascialseparations withfingers
Larger nerves &vessels lie in fascialgrooves
Found around
joints & generally
feel like bungee
cords
Some feel flat
Deep Fascia p. 410 Ligaments p. 412
How to Palpate
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 78/86
How to Palpate
Careful palpation canreveal space between
bone ends Can feel like hinges
Most assessmentsdone with passive &active JMs
End-feels provideinformation
Smaller bones can
feel like young tree
saplings &
branches
Important to palpate
bony landmarks thatare attachment sites
Joints p. 412 Bones p. 413
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 79/86
How to Palpate
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 80/86
How to Palpate
Liver on right, stomach& spleen on left
Liver & LI feel firm Light to moderate
stroking good for largeintestine
Refer to physician if
any hard, rigid, stiff ortense areas
Skin often tighter inareas of visceralreferred pain
Hands on lateral lower ribswhile person does 3 ormore complete breaths
Upper abdomen slightlyrounds in relaxedbreathing
Watch for movement inshoulders & upper chest
Tight leg & foot musclescan interfere withbreathing. Test for yourselfby tensing those muscles& taking a deep breath.
Abdominal Viscera (Organs)p. 413 Breathing p. 414
How to Palpate
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 81/86
How to Palpate
Pulse should bebilaterally even – feel
pulse on both sides Vascular refill – press
nail beds till pale &count 3-5 seconds forcolor to return
Lymph have type ofundulating rhythm ofperistalsis
Subtle widening &narrowing of cranial
bones Place hands on both
sides of head & feel forcranial ‘pulse’
Also a subtle back &forth movement ofsacrum
Rate 10-14 times/min
Circulation p. 414Craniosacral Rhythm p.
414
ST=Specialized Testing
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 82/86
ST=Specialized Testing
Muscle strength testing FTM p. 417
ROM testing FTM p. 398
Specific dysfunction tests such as:
Adson Maneuver for Thoracic OutletSyndrome
Tinel‟s sign for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
Muscle Guarding
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 83/86
Muscle Guarding
Definition: a protective reflexive responsein muscle that results from pain or fear ofmovement
The spasm will deter the muscle againstmovement, reducing the likelihood of re-injury.
Muscle guarding is not always localized. Theguarding may come from a distant source as a
referred pain. In most cases muscle guarding will cease
when the painful stimulus is removed.
Intrinsic Muscle Spasm
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 84/86
Intrinsic Muscle Spasm
This type of spasm is caused from circulatorychanges or nutritional deficiency.
Alterations in calcium blood levels can also
lead to muscle spasms. When severe enough, a muscle spasm can
lead into a cramp.
A cramp is a sustained or prolonged spasm.
Character armor
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 85/86
Character armor
Concept proposed by Wilhelm Reich that thesuppression of emotions causes muscular
tension
Armoring is the sum total of the muscularattitudes which a person develops as a
defense against the breakthrough of emotions,
especially anxiety, rage, & sexual excitation.
Character armor is the sum total of all the
years of the muscular attitudes that have also
been incorporated in the person's character
Reich‟s 7 Body Regions
8/10/2019 K Class 1 TG Intro & Assessment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-class-1-tg-intro-assessment 86/86
Reich s 7 Body Regions
Ocular
Oral
Neck
Chest
Diaphragm
Abdomen
Pelvis