K - 36 Biosintesis hormon
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Transcript of K - 36 Biosintesis hormon
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HORMONE SYNTHESIS,HORMONE SYNTHESIS,RELEASE AND TRANSPORTRELEASE AND TRANSPORT
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The hormones speak :The hormones speak :
We are the chemical messengers of theWe are the chemical messengers of the
body.body.
Diversified in our structure andDiversified in our structure and
function;function;
Act either directly or through messenger;Act either directly or through messenger;
Growth, health, and welfare is our mottoGrowth, health, and welfare is our motto
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Hormone:Hormone:
produced in small amounts by specificproduced in small amounts by specific
tissues (endocrine glands), control thetissues (endocrine glands), control the
metabolicmetabolic and biological activities in theand biological activities in the
target cellstarget cells
HormoneHormone
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HORMONE CLASSIFICATIONHORMONE CLASSIFICATION
Protein and polypeptideProtein and polypeptide
AmineAmine
SteroidSteroid
EicosanoidEicosanoid
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BIOCHEMISTRYBIOCHEMISTRY
MEDICAL FACULTY USUMEDICAL FACULTY USU
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PEPTIDE HORMONESPEPTIDE HORMONES
Consist of specific amino acidsConsist of specific amino acids
Synthesized as large precursor proteinsSynthesized as large precursor proteins
Stored in membraneStored in membrane--enclosedenclosed
compartmentscompartments
HydrophillicHydrophillic
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PEPTIDA INSULINPEPTIDA INSULIN
Di sintesa di Pulau Pankreas sebagaiDi sintesa di Pulau Pankreas sebagaipreproinsulinpreproinsulin
Untuk sekresi disimpan di RESUntuk sekresi disimpan di RES oleh oleh enzim mikrosomal dibelah menjadienzim mikrosomal dibelah menjadi
proinsulin sewaktu memasuki membran RESproinsulin sewaktu memasuki membran RES
Proinsulin diangkut keProinsulin diangkut ke golgi kompleksgolgi komplekspp
dikemas menjadi secretory granulesdikemas menjadi secretory granules
Di granula, CDi granula, C--Peptida dipisahkanPeptida dipisahkanpp insulininsulindisekresikandisekresikan
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Protein and Polypeptide Hormones SynthesisProtein and Polypeptide Hormones Synthesis
: Peptide hormone synthesis and packaging
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ProinsulinProinsulin
InsulinInsulin
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AMINE HORMONESAMINE HORMONES
Derived from the amino acid tyrosineDerived from the amino acid tyrosine
Includes thyroid hormones andIncludes thyroid hormones and
catecholaminescatecholamines
Stored until secretedStored until secreted
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Thyroid gland produce T3 and T4Thyroid gland produce T3 and T4
hormoneshormones Iodide (IIodide (I--) actively transported into the) actively transported into the
follicle of thyroid glandfollicle of thyroid gland
Oxidized to iodine (IOxidized to iodine (Ioo
) by a peroxidase) by a peroxidase
Thyroid HormonesThyroid Hormones
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Iodine attached to tyrosine withinIodine attached to tyrosine within
thyroglobulin chainthyroglobulin chain
MIT, DITMIT, DIT
MIT and DIT or 2 DIT moleculesMIT and DIT or 2 DIT molecules
coupled togethercoupled together
TSH via cAMP stimulates hydrolyze TTSH via cAMP stimulates hydrolyze T33and Tand T44 from thyroglobulin (inhibited byfrom thyroglobulin (inhibited by
KI)KI)
Thyroid HormonesThyroid Hormones
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STEROID HORMONESSTEROID HORMONES
Precursor: CholesterolPrecursor: Cholesterol
LipophillicLipophillic
Immediately released from the cellImmediately released from the cell
following synthesisfollowing synthesis
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Hormon SteroidHormon Steroid
KorteksKorteks adrenaladrenal sintesissintesis ::
glukokortikoidglukokortikoid,, mineralokortikoidmineralokortikoid, sex, sex
steroidsteroidTerutamaTerutama daridari kolesterolkolesterol plasma (plasma (sebagiansebagian
kecilkecil daridari asetilasetil koAkoA))
KolesterolKolesterol plasmaplasma dirubahdirubah menjadimenjadi
pregnenolonpregnenolon oleholeh enzimenzim sitokromsitokrom P450P450((mitkondriamitkondria atauatau RES)RES)
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Hormon SteroidHormon Steroid
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Hormon SteroidHormon Steroid
Kekhususan seluler :Kekhususan seluler :
sintesis mineralokortikoid pada selsintesis mineralokortikoid pada sel
glomerulosaglomerulosa
18 hidroksilase dan 18 hidroksisteroid18 hidroksilase dan 18 hidroksisteroid
dehidrogenase hanya ditemukan padadehidrogenase hanya ditemukan pada
sel inisel ini
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Golongan Hormon SteroidGolongan Hormon Steroid
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Protein TransportProtein Transport
Thyroid Hormones Thyroid Hormones
Globulin alfa (85%)Globulin alfa (85%)TBGTBG
TBPA (transferitin)TBPA (transferitin)
Albumin sedikitAlbumin sedikit
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Protein TransportProtein Transport
Hormon SteroidHormon Steroid
KortisolKortisol-- 75 % terikat CBG (transkortin)75 % terikat CBG (transkortin)
-- 10 % kortisol bebas10 % kortisol bebas
-- selebihnya pada albuminselebihnya pada albumin(mis deksametason)(mis deksametason)
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Protein TransportProtein Transport
Hormon SteroidHormon Steroid
AndrogenAndrogen
-- DHEA terikat lemah pada albuminDHEA terikat lemah pada albumin
-- Testoteron terikat pada globulin spesifikTestoteron terikat pada globulin spesifik( SHBG)( SHBG)
MineralokortikoidMineralokortikoid-- tidak punya protein pengangkut spesifiktidak punya protein pengangkut spesifik
-- membentuk ikatan lemah denganmembentuk ikatan lemah dengan
abuminabumin
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EICOSANOIDS HORMONEEICOSANOIDS HORMONE
Produced fromProduced from arachidonicarachidonic acid,acid,
Released from phospholipids by action ofReleased from phospholipids by action ofphospholipasephospholipase AA2,2,phphososphpholipase Colipase C
Produced in almost every organProduced in almost every organ
In one pathwayIn one pathway arachidonicarachidonic acid isacid isconverted toconverted to prostanoidsprostanoids by a group ofby a group of
enzymes, theenzymes, the cyclooxygenasecyclooxygenase systemsystem
A second pathway to produceA second pathway to produce leukotrienesleukotrienes
b the enz me 5b the enz me 5 li ox enaseli ox enase
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EICOSANOIDS HORMONEEICOSANOIDS HORMONE
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ProstaglandinsProstaglandins
SAIDS inhibit action of phospholipaseSAIDS inhibit action of phospholipase
NSAIDs, such as aspirin and derivatives ofNSAIDs, such as aspirin and derivatives of
ibuprofen, inhibit cyclooxygenase activity ofibuprofen, inhibit cyclooxygenase activity ofPGH2 SynthasePGH2 Synthase
They inhibit formation of prostaglandinsThey inhibit formation of prostaglandinsinvolved in fever, pain, & inflammationinvolved in fever, pain, & inflammation
They inhibit blood clotting by blockingThey inhibit blood clotting by blockingthromboxane formation in blood plateletsthromboxane formation in blood platelets
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REFERENCESREFERENCES
Devlin T M, PhD. Text Book of Biochemistry withDevlin T M, PhD. Text Book of Biochemistry withClinical Correlations 5thed. WileyClinical Correlations 5thed. Wiley--Liss, New York.Liss, New York.2002 : 9062002 : 906--952, 982952, 982--983983
McKee Trudy, McKee James R. The molecularMcKee Trudy, McKee James R. The molecular
basis of Life. 3rded. McGrawbasis of Life. 3rded. McGraw--Hill. Americas, NewHill. Americas, NewYork. 2003 : 541York. 2003 : 541--559559
Murray R K, et al.Murray R K, et al. Harpers Biochemistry 26thed.Harpers Biochemistry 26thed.Appleton & Lange. America 2003: 434Appleton & Lange. America 2003: 434--473473
Raff A, et al. Moleculer Biology of The Cell. 4thed.Raff A, et al. Moleculer Biology of The Cell. 4thed.Garland Science. New York. 2002: 832Garland Science. New York. 2002: 832--892892
Stryer L. Biokimia. Edisi 4. EGC, Jakarta. 2000.:Stryer L. Biokimia. Edisi 4. EGC, Jakarta. 2000.:340340--358358