JWEE Workshop Improving wood energy data for better policy ... · Chemical (including...

1

JWEE WorkshopImproving wood energy data

for better policy making

The French approach

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JWEE: a cross-sectoral approach

JWEE is a biennal questionnaire that aims toshed light on the real role of wood energy bypromoting cross-sectoral communication andcooperation between the energy and forestrysectors.

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JWEE: a cross-sectoral approach

[1 000 m3] U1 Power & heat DQ U2

Industrial DQ U3 Residential DQ U4

Other DQ Sum [U1;U2;U3;U4] %

S1 Direct 599 … 1 303 … 23 263 … 204 … 25 370 60%

S2 Indirect 384 … 7 448 … 7 102 … 2 … 14 937 35%

S3 Recovered 524 … n/a … 1 697 … n/a … 2 220 5%

S4 Unspecified n/a … n/a … n/a … n/a … n/a n/a

Sum [S1;S2;S3;S4] 42 527

%

© 2011 UNECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section - In case of any uncertainties or questions on the JWEE 2009 please contact: [email protected]

1507 8752 32062

USER

SOU

RC

ES

75% 0%4% 21%

207

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JWEE in France: a cross-sectoral teamfor a cross-sectoral approach

Hélène Thiénard, technical adviser for renewable energies

Department of Observation and Statistics

renewable energies expert

Michel Hubert, technical adviser for the

wood-processing sector

Subdirectorate for Forests and Wood

facilitator

Alain Thivolle-Cazat, wood industry statistician,

Department of Economy, Energy and Foresight Analysis

wood industry expert

Michel-Paul Morel, forestry statistician,

Department of Statistics and Foresight Analysis,

national correspondent for forestry statistics

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JWEE: the sourcesGross

Domestic supply

DQ DQ DQm³ 29 036 O 1 453 B 4 023 B 26 467m³ 18 866 C 27,36 B 416,47 B 18 477m³ 0 B

m³ 0 C …m³ 6 599 C

m³ 0 B

m³ 5 165 O 378 O 409 O 5 135m³ 5 588 O 604 O 1 004 O 5 187bv 10 249 C … … … … 10 249

rwe. 3 715 A 3 715t … … … … … … …

t 5 800 C … … … … 5 800

t 900 C … … … … 900

m³ … … … … … …

Woody Biomass from Forests

Woo

d So

urce

s

Wood residues

Bark

… of which from short rotation coppice

… of which from short rotation coppice6 599

Indu

stra

l was

te

(co-

prod

ucts

)

Black liquor (without tall oil)

Woody Biomass Outside ForestsPr

imar

y so

lid b

iom

ass

Fuelwood (C & NC)

Fibre SOURCES

Tall oil

Liquidco-products(C & NC)

Imports ExportsDomestic production

Chips and particlesSolidco-products(C & NC)Forest based

Industry

Unit[1 000]

Fuelwood (C & NC)

Industrial Roundwood (C & NC)


Fibre TYPES

Wood waste

Non-hazardous wood waste

Wood from unknown sources

© 2011 UNECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section - In case of any uncertainties or questions on the JWEE 2009 please contact [email protected]

Mun

icip

al

solid

was

te

biod

erga

dabl

Hazardous wood waste

Post consumer recovered wood

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JWEE sources: origin of data

Origin of data

DQm³ 29 036 JQ1 Annual Branch Survey on forest loggingm³ 18 866 JQ1 Estimate 74% of fuelwood in JQ1m³ 0

Total removals of fuelwood?m³ 0m³ 6 599 JQ1 Estimate 26% of fuelwood in JQ1

m³ 0

m³ 5 165 JQ1 Annual Branch Survey on sawmill industries

m³ 5 588 JQ1 Annual Branch Survey on sawmill industriesbv 10 249 EU JQ1 OB - JQ1

rwe. 3 715 Copacel statistics (delegation by Insee)

t … …

Unit[1 000]

Domestic production Fibre SOURCES Fibre TYPES

Fuelwood (C & NC)… of which from short rotation coppice

Woo

d So

urce

s

Prim

ary

solid

bio

mas

s Woody Biomass from Forests



Woody Biomass Outside Forests


Solidco-products(C & NC)

Chips and particles

Wood residues

Bark

© 2011 UNECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section - In case of any uncertainties or questions on the JWEE 2009 please cont



Tall oilIndu

stra

l was

te

(co-

prod

ucts

)

Forest based Industry

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The Annual Branch Survey on forest logging

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The Annual Branch Survey on sawmill industry

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JWEE sources: INSEE Housing Survey

The removals of fuelwood are estimated according to the « French methodology »presented to Eurostat's Forestry Statistics Working Group, 26-27 November 2009(reference Doc. Forest/2009WG/05).

Since 1955, the French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE)has carried out every 4 or 5 years a "Housing Survey". The last one was implementedin 2006 on a sample of 43000 dwellings (main residence, ordinary dwellings, notincluding collective lodgings such as old people’s homes, boarding schools, barracksand mobile homes).

It includes some questions about the sanitary equipments and the heating systems, inparticular the wood-burning appliances (boilers, kitchen cookers, wood-burningstoves, open fireplaces, closed hearths, inclosed glass fronted room-heaters etc.).Since 1992, the fuelwood users have been required to state the quantity of fuelwoodthey consume.

In 2006, more than one house out of three (5.4 millions i. e. 36%) was fitted with aheating system using wood. Less than 2% of the flats (170000) used wood.

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JWEE sources: INSEE Housing SurveyConsumption of wood (for the households that have stated to have a fireplace or to use fuelwood)

KBST - How much FUELWOOD do you estimate you use yearly? (choose the unit)1 - steres (1 stere = 1 m3 or 1000 litres)2 - litres

KBST1 - How much FUELWOOD do you estimate you use yearly?(in steres) or (in litres)

[1 to 999]KBSC – Is the used wood …

- bought completely?- bought partially?- obtained free of charge?

The knowledge of the total number of wood-burning appliances and of the related consumptionsmakes it possible to estimate the average consumption for each type of wood-burning appliance.The wood consumption in households provided by SOeS is aligned on the results of HousingSurveys (number of appliances x unit consumption).

Between two Housing Surveys, SOeS estimates the evolution of the total number of appliances byusing the annual sales of each type of new appliances and the replacement rate of old ones(annual study Observ'ER/Ademe).

Estimated consumption = updated total number x unit consumption

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JWEE sources: IEA Renewables Annual QuestionnaireTABLE 2. SUPPLY, TRANSFORMATION, ENERGY SECTORS & END USE

WOODVEG CHARCOAL LANDFILL SLUDGEGS OBIOGAS

FranceWood/Wood

Wastes/Other Solid Wastes

Charcoal Landfill Gas Sewage Sludge Gas

Other Biogas

TJ (NC V) 1000 tonnes TJ (NC V) TJ (NC V) TJ (NC V)

2010 F G H I J

Indigenous Production 1 438 418 0 13 554 1 742 2 008Total Im ports (B alance) 2 0 0 0 0 0Total Exports (B alance) 3 0 0 0 0 0Stock C hanges (National Territory) 4 0 0 0 0 0Inland C onsumption (C alculated) 5 438 418 0 13 554 1 742 2 008Statistical Differences 6 0 0 0 0 0Transformation Sector 7 21 185 0 11 674 153 540Main Activity Producer Electricity Plants 8 0 0 0 0 0Main Activity Producer C HP Plants 9 0 0 0 0 0Main Activity Producer Heat p lants 10 0 0 0 0 0Autoproducer Electricity Plants 11 11 075 0 9 566 55 168Autoproducer C HP Plants 12 10 110 0 2 108 98 372Autoproducer Heat p lants 13 0 0 0 0 0Patent Fuel Plants (Transformation) 14 0 0 0 0 0B KB Plants (Transformation) 15 0 0 0 0 0Gas W orks (Transform ation) 16 0 0 0 0 0For B lended Natural Gas 17 0 0 0 0 0For B lending to Motor Gasoline/Diesel 18 0 0 0 0 0C harcoal Production Plants (Transform ation) 19 0 0 0 0 0Non-specified (Transform ation) 20 0 0 0 0 0Energy Sector 21 0 0 0 0 0Distribution losses 33 0 0 0 0 0Total Final Consumption 34 417 233 0 1 880 1 589 1 468Final Energy Consumption 35 417 233 0 1 880 1 589 1 468Industry Sector 36 80 799 0 0 0 1 122Iron and Steel 37 0 0 0 0 0C hem ical (including Petrochem ical) 38 0 0 0 0 0Non-Ferrous Metals 39 0 0 0 0 0Non-Metallic Minerals 40 0 0 0 0 0Transport Equipm ent 41 0 0 0 0 0Machinery 42 0 0 0 0 0Mining and Quarrying 43 0 0 0 0 0Food, B everages and Tobacco 44 14 972 0 0 0 1 122Paper, Pulp and Printing 45 26 029 0 0 0 0W ood and W ood Products 46 39 798 0 0 0 0C onstruction 47 0 0 0 0 0Textiles and Leather 48 0 0 0 0 0Non-specified (Industry) 49 0 0 0 0 0Transport Sector 50 0 0 0 0 0R ail 51 0 0 0 0 0R oad 52 0 0 0 0 0Dom estic Navigation 53 0 0 0 0 0Non-specified (Transport) 54 0 0 0 0 0Other Sectors 55 336 434 0 1 880 1 589 346C om mercial and Public Services 56 0 0 1 880 1 589 315R esidential 57 334 760 0 0 0 0Agriculture/Forestry 58 1 674 0 0 0 31Fishing 59 0 0 0 0 0Non-specified (Other) 60 0 0 0 0 0

SOLID BIOMASS BIOGAS

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JWEE sources: SoeS estimate of the final consumption of renewable energy

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JWEE sources: Arthur Andersen study, 1999

The last problem to solve is the origin of the wood. To answer this question, a studycarried out by Arthur Andersen in 1999, on behalf of ADEME and the associationNormandy-Biomass, is available. That study included a telephone survey of 1200households aiming at defining the origin of their fuelwood supply. The global resultswere consistent with those of the Housing Survey 1996.

Origin of fuelwood % Type of supply %Roundwood from forest 70% From family property 33%Roundwood from trees outside forests 25% From a friend's property 10%Recovered wood 5% From communal forest 8%

Direct purchase from a forest owner 7%Sawmill by-products 5%Purchase from a trader without a bill 17%Purchase from a trader with a bill but without VAT or VAT not known 15%Purchase from a trader with a bill and VAT 5%

100% 100%

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JWEE sources: estimate of fuelwood

Origin of data

DQm³ 29 036 JQ1 Annual Branch Survey on forest loggingm³ 18 866 Estimate 70% of fuelwood used in householdsm³ 0

27 018m³ 0m³ 6 599 Estimate 25% of fuelwood used in households

m³ 0

m³ 5 165 JQ1 Annual Branch Survey on sawmill industries

m³ 5 588 JQ1 Annual Branch Survey on sawmill industriesbv 10 249 EU JQ1 OB - JQ1

rwe. 3 715 Copacel statistics (delegation by Insee)

t …

Post consumer recovered wood t Estimate 5% of fuelwood used in households 1 553

Tall oil

© 2011 UNECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section - In case of any uncertainties or questions on the JWEE 2009 please cont


Indu

stra

l was

te

(co-

prod

ucts

)



Chips and particles

Wood residues

Bark Liquidco-products(C & NC)


Unit[1 000]

Domestic production

Woo

d So

urce

s

Prim

ary

solid

bio

mas






Fibre SOURCES Fibre TYPES

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JWEE sources: external tradeOrigin of data

DQ DQm³ 1 453 B 4 023 B JQ2 Customs datam³ 27,36 B 416,47 B JQ2 Customs datam³

m³

m³ No external trade

m³

m³ 378 O 409 O JQ2 Customs data

m³ 604 O 1 004 O JQ2 Customs databv … … … … No external trade

rwe. No external trade

t … … … … No external trade



m³ … … … No external tradeWood from unknown sources

© 2011 UNECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section - In case of any uncertainties or questions on the JWEE 2009 please contact woodenergy.t

Mun

icip

al

solid

was

te

biod

erga

dabl

Wood waste

Post consumer recovered wood

Non-hazardous wood waste

Hazardous wood waste



Tall oil


Chips and particles

Wood residues

Bark


Woo

d So

urce

s

Prim

ary

solid

bio

mas






Indu

stra

l was

te

(co-

prod

ucts

)


Unit[1 000]

Imports ExportsFibre SOURCES Fibre TYPES

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Data available :

Study : Qualification of hazardous wood waste [Qualification des déchets de bois traités et souillés] - 2010 - FCBA(1)

Funding ADEME(2) / MEEDDM(3)

(1) Technological Institute for Forests, Cellulose, Timber and Furnishings

(2) French Environment and Energy Management Agency

(3) Ministry in charge of Environment

This study constitutes a synthesis of all data available on wood waste, with mention of the part useable for energy production.

JWEE sources - Table I: Wood waste

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Data sources :

National Federation of pellets and briquette producers and National Federation of wood charcoal producers are enquired in order to know : • the production of processed wood fuel, • the origin of wood (sawdust, other by-products, roundwood) • the use of the production (household, heating plants) • the international exchanges (import/export). These last data are compared to official data from Customs statistics.

.

JWEE sources - Tables II and III: Processed wood-based fuels

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JWEE uses: INSEE/SSP EACEI(1) Survey

Since 1982, a mandatory survey is carried out by INSEE(industry exc. food and sawmills) and SSP (food industry andsawmills) on 12000 industrial units. Since 2005, some newquestions aim specifically at knowing the consumption ofwood, solid by-products and black liquor (in tonnes) along withtheir use (manufacturing, autoproducer of electricity,autoproducer of heat).Table IV in JWEE is filled with the results of this surveyconverted in TOE: autoproducer of Heat, CHP and Electricity.

(1) Annual Survey on Energy Consumption in Industry

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JWEE uses: INSEE/SSP EACEI Survey

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JWEE uses: ADEME data on heating plants

ADEME is in charge of the management of the incentivesgranted by the national and local authorities for wood heatingplants.Since 1994, it collects data on all new equipments receivingincentives: location, existence of an urban heating system,power (MW) and consumption (TOE) by type of fuelwood(roundwood, forest chips, industrial by-products, pellets, etc.).In 2011, these data were updated for all heating plantsproducing more than 100 TOE.Table IV in JWEE is filled with these updated data: MainActivity Producer of Heat.

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JWEE Table IV : crossing sources and uses.

How to distribute consumption between resources?

Data sources give mainly the total consumption by sector (heat producers, CHP production by industries, residential, etc.) and the wood source is generally unknown.

Method : Total intake of each user is broken down with an allocation key between the different sources of wood.

The allocation is found in studies if they exist or defined by expertise.

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JWEE Table IV : crossing sources and uses.Consumption breakdown between resources.

Example of Main activity producers of heat

Data available :• Total consumption of fuelwood by heating plants (SOeS Enquiry) • Origin of wood used by heating plants (ADEME database on heating plants wood supply in 2006) which constitutes an original distribution key.• In 2009, the distribution key had to be modified: Forest chips production has been multiplied by 4 since 2006, sawnwood by-products are nearly completely absorbed by pellets production. The distribution key was modified by expertise.• Pellets and briquettes consumption : 5 % of national consumption (National Federation of pellets producers ). This use did not exist in 2006. Assumption: this is a new resource. The rest of wood consumption is dispatched between the different sources with the distribution key.

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Distribution of wood consumption between pellets and solid wood

Distribution of solid wood consumption between different wood sources

Total consumption of wood by heating plants (SoeS, EACEI)

694

Solid wood consumption Pellets consumption

681 13

Wood sources Primary solid biomass

unspecified

Solid co products unspecified

Wood waste

Previous Distribution key of wood source used by heating plants (ADEME 2006)

20% 40 % 40 %

New distribution key defined by expertise forest chips production X 4 use of solid co products for pellets production

40 % 25 % 35 %

Distribution of solid wood consumption between different wood sources

272 170 238

Example of Main activity producers of heat[Unit 1000 t d.m.]

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Example of residential fuelwood consumption

Data available :• Total consumption by residential consumers (INSEE, SOeS)• Allocation table of fuel wood by origin (forests / trees outside forests / recovered): Andersen Study 1999.

• Pellets and briquettes consumption : 95 % of domestic consumption is for residential usage. (National Federation of pellets and briquette producers) As pellets and briquettes did not exist in 1999, we have considered that : 1) Fuel wood from outside forest is own-consumed and is not replaced by pellets; 2) Pellets replace a part of fuel wood from forests.

Wood charcoal is mainly used for outside cooking (barbecues) and not for heating.

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Distribution of residential fuelwood

consumption between origins

Pellets and briquettes were first substituted to forest fuelwood 5 years ago.

Example of residential fuel wood consumption

Total consumption of wood by households(SOeS from INSEE-CEREN)

32.062 million m3(including bark) 15.440 million tonnes d.m.

Woody biomass

from forest

Woody biomass outside forests

Non hazardous

wood waste

Andersen study (1999)

70% 25% 5%

10.808 3.860 0.772

Pellets 0.249

Briquettes 0.016

Woody biomass from forests

10.543

Wood charcoal 0.086

Final checking of consistency with harvest

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At the end of the process, the experts check that the total consumption of each source islower than or close to their availability.

For residential consumption, a problem appears: there is a gap of 3.3 million tonnes d.m.between total primary solid biomass consumption: 15.4 million tonnes d.m.(1) [includingbark] and harvest: 12.1 million tonnes d.m.(2) [not including bark].

The difference is mainly due to bark which is burned with the wood and not distinguished byenquiries. This volume is estimated to 2.6 million tonnes d.m.

There remains 0.7 million tonne d.m. which can be due to uncertainties in enquiry results(volume, origin), to conversion factors and to changes in inventories.

The assumption is that primary wood consumption by heat producers and industries areaccurate and that uncertainties come from residential final uses. Excess consumption ofprimary wood has been subtracted from wood from forests and registered as unspecifiedsolid co-products.(1) 15.361 Mt d.m. = 0,272 (Main Activity Heat Producer) + 0,593 (Autoproducer Heat, CHP & Electricity) + 10.543 (Direct final consumption: residential fromforests) + 3860 (Direct final consumption: residential from trees outside forests) + 0,093 (Direct final consumption: Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing)(2) From Table I: 18.477 x 0,455 + 6.599 x 0,560

JWEE Table IV : crossing sources and uses.Final checking of consistency

27

Categories of national enquiries are frequently not exactly the same as JWEE categories : a convergence should be sought.

National enquiries do not ask the origin of wood used for energy use. It would be necessary to introduce this question in the surveys.

Units : Data are collected generally in tonnes without reference to watercontent. The conversion in TOE or in dry matter is difficult andinaccurate. Water content is difficult to obtain, the nature of the woodproduct is not known with enough precision. An average water contentrate could be applied for the conversion into the required unit.

Allocation keys are frequently outdated : new ones are required, some will be available in the near future.

JWEE Table IV : crossing sources and uses.Difficulties and possible improvements

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JWEE and the monitoring of the Forest Sector

The JWEE approach is an opportunity:- to get the best possible data on wood energy (sources and uses)and make them consistent,- to be ready to develop the methods and the surveys,- to make sure of the traceability of the calculations (a method notemust be written),- to endeavour to retropolate the series whenever possible.It is also an opportunity to initiate a follow-up of wood energy whichwill be mandatory for all and will provide data to NREAP and to anobservation tool wider than wood energy.The next step is to integrate the data of JWEE in:- the economic monitoring tool of the forest sector,- the French national observatory of biomass resources.

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Thank you for your attention!

Any questions?now …

or later

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

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