TradeWatch - June 2013 - Volume 12 | Issue 2FILE/... · TradeWatch June 2013
Jurutera June 2013
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Mechanical Engineering
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APPLICATION Slope Protection Embankment Stabilization Housing & Road Project Other Civil Engineering Application
APPLICATION Bridge Abutment Land Reclaimation Housing Development & Temporary
Embankment Other Civil Engineering Application
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LAFARGE CONCRETE (MALAYSIA) SDN BHD (95483-H)2, Jalan Kilang, 46050 Petaling Jaya,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Tel : (603) 7787 2000
Fax : (603) 7781 7675 / 7787 212 9
www.lafarge.com.my
Agilia is a new horizon for self-compacting and self-leveling concrete that spreads
eortlessly. The new concrete technology used in Agilia allows for placing without
difficulty , providing excellent quality concretes with superior surface finishes.
Requiring no vibration , Agilia moves easily through highly congested reinforced
areas , with no bleeding and segregation. It is robust and esthetically pleasing.
Agilia gives flexibility on worksites at all levels, for all types of applications
including foundations, architectural, horizontal and vertical structures.
LAFARGE CONCRETE (MALAYSIA) SDN BHD (95483-H)2, Jalan Kilang, 46050 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Tel : (603) 7787 2000 Fax : (603) 7781 7675 / 7787 2129
www.lafarge.com.my
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June 2013 JURUTERA | 3
JulyElectronic Engineering
OctoberYoung Engineers Section
August
Mentoring Engineers - The Way Forward
November
Oil, Gas & Mining Engineering
SeptemberChemical Engineering
DecemberFacilities Management
JURUTERA MONTHLY CIRCULATION: 28,000 COPIES
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CONTENTS
COVER NOTE
New Challenges for Mechanical Engineers .............................................................5
COVER STORYMechanical Engineering: Its Vital Role and Prospects .............................................6
PRESIDENTS CORNERProgressing Towards a More Dynamic Culture Within IEM
by Ir. Choo Kok Beng .............................................................................................12
HISTORY OF IEMThe First Two Sessions of IEM Council (1958-1960) .............................................14
FEATURE ARTICLEEnergy Savings From Axial Fans ...........................................................................16
$IQLW\/DZV,QWHUSUHWDWLRQVDQG$SSOLFDWLRQV)RU&HQWULIXJDO3XPSV ..................20Product Development Through The Use of Rapid Prototyping ..............................28
ENGINEERING DIGEST 30
FORUMS7th International Conference on Cooling and Heating Technologies in 2014
(ICCHT 2014) .........................................................................................................33
Retreat and Brainstorming Workshop ....................................................................35
Application of Plastic Pipes in The Plumbing Industry ...........................................36
,PSURYLQJ,(0V/LQNDJHVZLWK7KH0LQLVWULHV........................................................36
The Engineering Club Outreach .............................................................................37
FROM THE DESK OF PEMANDU
Government Transformation Programmes Corporate Integrity Pledge .................38
PINK PAGEProfessional Interview ............................................................................................40
BLUE PAGE0HPEHUVKLS/LVW.....................................................................................................41
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IEM DIARY OF EVENTSKindly note that the scheduled events below are subject to change. Please visit the
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Note :
1. Fixed line calls will be charged as local calls.
2. Mobile phone calls are subject to charges by service providers.
3. SMSes are free.
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IEM DIARY OF EVENTSZ>^^
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For details, please contact: Puan Lina at 07-3319705 or
COVER NOTE
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COVER STORY
| JURUTERA June 20136
Mechanical Engineering: Its Vital Roleand Prospects
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COVER STORY
June 2013 JURUTERA | 7
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MANY COUNTRIES HAVE BEEN PROMOTING
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY
EFFICIENCY. WHAT IS YOUR VIEW ON THEPOTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN
MALAYSIA?
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COVER STORY
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THERE ARE CRITICS WHO SAY OUR COUNTRY IS
KNOWN FOR ITS FIRST WORLD FACILITIES, BUT
THIRD WORLD OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
(O&M) PRACTICES. WHAT IS YOUR VIEW ON
THIS STATEMENT?
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COVER STORY
| JURUTERA June 201310
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IN CONCLUSION, WHAT IS YOUR OPINION
ABOUT THE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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Date: 8-9 July 2013
Venue: Summit Hotel USJ, Selangor
Main Speaker: Prof. Dr. Nor Azazi Zakaria
Fee: RM 250/day/person (RM50 discount for early bird)
Kindly contact us for more information regarding the workshop.
Date and venue for Johor and Sabah workshops to be confirmed.
Topics:
Venue: Summit Hotel USJ, Selangor
Main S eaker: Pro . Dr. Nor Azazi Zakaria
Date: 8-9 Jul 2013 To ics:
MSMA 2 Workshop:
BEM Approved
CPD HOURS: 14Ref No: IEM13/PP/027/W
MES-GeoF MES-BioFDMES-SurveyMES-Road EW3D DraNet SewNet PondCAD
We also offer Individual Modules like:
LoopWinPlus
Road & Highway
-Horizontal & vertical alignment design
-Junction design
-Cut section and detailing needed for submission
-Based on REAM guideline
Earthworks
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-3D visualization before and after development
-Auto sloping and retaining wall design
-Auto balancing between cut and fill volume
Drainage
-Follows MSMA 2 guideline
-Auto proposes sump invert level, cascading drain, dimension &
gradient.
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Sewerage
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-Auto proposes manholes invert level, pipe diameter, gradient
& drop manhole.
-Auto generates output needed by IWK
Urban Stormwater Management (MSMA 2)
-Rainfall IDF
-On-site Detention (above & below ground)
-Detention Pond
-Rainwater Harvesting Tank
-Sediment Basin (wet & dry)
Water Reticulation
-Hardy-Cross Method and Hazen-Williams Formula
-Looping & branching design for peak flow & fire flow
-Schematic diagram with pump, hydrant, valve and etc
MiTS 1.2
MES Infra Integrated Total SolutionMiTS 1.2
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Synchronize design changes across a single model
and automatically update between Earthworks,
Storm Drainage System, Sewerages System, Water
Reticulation System & Road Design.
Pipe Clash Checking between Water, Sewerage
& Storm Drainage system to resolve conflicts.
Deliver consistent multi-disciplinary design calculation,
drawings & construction documentation.
Better visualization, more accurate design, enjoys
better coordination.
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7/22/2019 Jurutera June 2013
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PRESIDENTS CORNER
| JURUTERA June 201312
Progressing Towards a MoreDynamic Culture within IEM
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by Ir. Choo Kok Beng
HELP US TO PROVIDE BETTER SERVICES TO YOU AND
TO THE FUTURE GENERATIONdt/D&
TOTALRM 2,823,531.20
(ANOTHER RM 9,326,468.80 IS NEEDED)
CONTRIBUTIONS TO
WISMA IEM BUILDINGFUND
RM 2,182,029.20 fromIEM Members and
Committees
RM 641,502.00 fromPrivate Organisations
IEM ENGINEERING WEEK 2013
7 - 15 September 2013Organised by: /tt^
^t^D
Various activities will be organised by IEM HQ
and Branches
IEM Engineers Run 2013
7 September 2013
Jalan Timur, Petaling Jaya
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One Utama, Bandar Utama
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7/22/2019 Jurutera June 2013
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HISTORY OF IEM
| JURUTERA June 201314
THE FIRST TWO SESSIONS OF
IEM COUNCIL
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organisation, The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM).
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7/22/2019 Jurutera June 2013
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Industrialplugs and
sockets.
Creating connections. Maintaining connections.
MENNEKES
Elektrotechnik GmbH & Co. KG
10, Jln Lep 7/26, Sek 7
Tmn Lestari Putra, Bdr Putra Permai
47110 Seri Kembangan, Sgor, Msia
Phone +60 (3) 8957 4487
Mobile +60 12380 6996
www.MENNEKES.de
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FEATURE
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processes. Hence, many fans operate continuously but
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consumption and substantial annual operating costs.
Another investigation has been carried out on the main
fans in a ventilation system. Among the many types of fans
XVHGWKHPRVWFRPPRQLVWKHD[LDORZIDQ7KHD[LDORZ
fan drives the air through the impeller in approximation of an
axial direction. The axial fan utilises blades that force air to
move parallel to the shaft around which the blades rotates.
Owing to its cost effectiveness and multi-functional nature,
the axial fan has been widely adopted in the industrial,
commercial, consumer, institutional, and residential
applications. In a typical car park ventilation system, these
D[LDORZIDQVDUHNQRZQDVIUHVKDLUVXSSO\DQGH[KDXVW
fans.
Axial Fans
without Guide Vane
Axial Fans
with Guide Vane
Basement Type of Fan Total
number
of fans
Total power consumption
(KWh) per year
Annual electricity
cost (RM)
Total power consumption
(KWh) per year
Annual electricity
cost (RM)
basement
1
supply and
exhaust fan
8 80,179.20 25,857.79 73,764.90 23,789.17
basement
2
supply and
exhaust fan
12 171,417.60 55,282.18 157,704.20 50,859.60
7RWDO&RVWZLWKRXWYDQH 81,139.97 7RWDO&RVWZLWKYDQH 74,648.77
Savings for Basements 1 and 2, per year (RM) 6,491.20
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The energy consumption of these fans was investigated
at two basement car parks of a 10-storey and 14-storey
RIFH EXLOGLQJ $Q HQKDQFHG JXLGH YDQH GHVLJQ ZDV
installed downstream of the ventilation main fans for a better
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existing fan models and the enhanced model with guidevane by measuring the power consumption in KW. The
guide vane used in this investigation is of the adjustable
type. Table 1 shows the compilation results of the total power
FRQVXPSWLRQ .:K DQGWKH DQQXDO HOHFWULFLW\FRVWLQJIRU
the existing fan model on a normal mode of operation. The
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12-hour, 6 day per week operating duration.
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'\QDPLFV&)' DVD WRRO WRGHWHUPLQH WKH RZ SDWWHUQ
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momentum of the rotating velocity at the rotor side.
The high velocity region at the trailing edge of the fan
blade has been cushioned out with the guide vane and,
TOTAL
$118$/(/(&75,&$/
&26750
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FEATURE
June 2013 JJUURRUUTTEERRAA||1
17
7
WKXVWKHVWUHDPOLQLQJRIWKHRZLQWKHGLUHFWLRQRIRZLVGRQHZLWKUHGXFLQJ
swirling. As the guide vane is of a proprietary design, details of it cannot be
published.
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WHVWLQJ SURFHGXUH 7KH WRWDO HIFLHQF\ IRU WKH DGMXVWDEOH JXLGH YDQH
application had increased by 8% as compared to the axial fan without the
JXLGHYDQH5HIHUULQJWRWKH$0&$VWDQGDUGWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQ
SRZHU+DQGWKHWRWDOIDQHIFLHQF\LV
Where, is total pressure, Q LV WKH DLU RZ UDWH DQG
LVWKHFRPSUHVVLELOLW\FRHIFLHQW
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7KHUHIRUH ZKHQ WKH WRWDOHIFLHQF\ LQFUHDVHV E\ WKH IDQ SRZHUZLOO
decrease by 8%. The assumption of an 8% reduction in the power consumed
LVSUHVHQWHGLQ7DEOH7ZREDVHPHQWVZHUHFRQVLGHUHGIRUWKHRIFHWRZHU
7KHUHVXOWLVVKRZQLQ7DEOHDQGLQGLFDWHVWKDWVDYLQJVRI50
per year can be accrued if adjustable guide vanes are installed for thesupply/ exhaust fans.
In summary, the operating cost of large fans is often high enough to
MXVWLI\LPSURYLQJWKHIDQV\VWHPHIFLHQF\ZKLFKFDQRIIHUDTXLFNSD\EDFN
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system to be optimised at a much lower cost than the traditional cut and
dry method.n
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Geotechnics with geosynthetics
Huls Engineering Sdn. Bhd. (538064-A)Lot 56, Jalan PBS 14/3 Taman Perindustrian Bukit Serdang43300 Seri Kembangan Selangor Darul Ehsan MALAYSIA
Tel : +603 8941 9011 Fax : +603 8941 [email protected] www.hulsmalaysia.com
NAUE Asia Sdn. BhdNo. 18-M, Jalan SR 1/9 Seksyen 9 Serdang Raya43300 Seri Kembangan Selangor MalaysiaTel : +603 8945 2927 Fax : +603 8948 9927
[email protected] www.naue.com
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FEATURE
| JURUTERA June 201320
equipment engineering community. It is worth to note that
proper application of this law could provide a scenario
allowing the pump to operate closer or at its BEP, providing
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LW LV RXWOLQHG ZLWKRXW JRLQJ LQGHSWK LQWR WKH GHQLWLRQ RI
Eulers rotor dynamics equation (interested readers are
directed to (2); (3)).
The problem was tackled by references to multipleliterature and analysis of vendor pump curves to validate
OLWHUDWXUH FODLPV DORQJ ZLWK HOG H[SHULHQFH E\ LQGXVWULDO
H[SHUWV
The discussion would also be limited to the following
conditions, viz.:
Pump has no entrained solid or gas (2).
Scope does not include application to hydromagnetic
pumps (2).
Information presented generally cover medium range
VSHFLFVSHHGSXPSV
Simultaneous variation of diameter and rotational speed
at once is not included in the scope of this article andnot recommended (4).
9LVFRVLW\DQGXLGYDSRUL]DWLRQDUHQHJOLJLEOH(2).
3.0 BACKGROUND
3.1 Velocity Triangles
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equation (Equation 1) which is derived from velocity
triangles. Noticeable from these triangles as depicted in
Figure 1(a) is that as periphery speed, U (also known as tip
VSHHGYDULHVWKHDEVROXWHXLGH[LWYHORFLW\9IROORZVVXLW
linearly. The same observation is noticed for variation in the
UHODWLYHXLGH[LWYHORFLW\:1, as illustrated in Figure 1(b).
:KHUH
$IQLW\/DZV,QWHUSUHWDWLRQVDQG$SSOLFDWLRQVIRU&HQWULIXJDO3XPSV
by Mr. Kelvin Mohan Thambiduray
1.0 ABSTRACT
2SHUDWLRQ RI URWDWLQJ HTXLSPHQW DW LWV EHVW HIFLHQF\
point (BEP) or close to it is every operators objective as
this leads to less wastage, higher cost savings, less wear
LQWKH PDFKLQH DQG D EXQGOH RIRWKHU EHQHWV+RZHYHU
in common practice, most process data acquired during
front-end engineering design (FEED) or conceptual
study phases do not accurately tally with actual process
conditions during actual plant startup. This of course is
due to many uncontrollable or unpredictable conditions
and as a result, in most cases, pumps do not operate at
rated points. A correction method should be implemented
to correct this deviation or to vary pump performance
based on process conditions that change over time,
permitting peak performance throughout the pumps life
F\FOH 2QHVXFK PHWKRG SUHVHQWHGKHUH LV$IQLW\/DZV
where performance improvements are achieved by toggling
with the impeller diameter or rotational speed. This article
SUHVHQWVDGHWDLOHGLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRI$IQLW\/DZVDQGWKHLU
usage for centrifugal pumps, alongside correction methodsto mitigate the large inaccuracies that have overshadowed
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been evaluated with vendor pump curves with the results
presented and discussed.
,1752'8&7,21
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from their initial usage to re-rate fans. These laws have
proven successful in their application for fans generally
LQ LQGXVWULDO SODQWV ZKHUH WKH XLG PHGLXP EHLQJ GHDOW
with was air (light gas) with a relatively low head rise
and volume ratios that are commonly negligible. Theirapplications in other rotating equipment soon became
apparent, as centrifugal pumps and compressors are
both ideally governed by similar velocity triangles as fans.
$IQLW\/DZVIRUSXPSVKDYHRIWHQEHHQGHVFULEHGLQWHUPV
RIGLPHQVLRQOHVVQXPEHUVXVHGWRSUHGLFWRZKHDGDQG
power changes with diameter or speed variation under
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a caveat that errors can be in the order of 20% (1).
The objective of this article is to bring awareness and put
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/DZV IRU DSSOLFDWLRQ LQ UHUDWLQJ SXPSV ZKHWKHU GXH WR
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methods generally overlooked by the general rotating
Figure 1: Velocity triangles (a) variation in periphery speed (b) variation
UHODWLYHXLGH[LWYHORFLW\
Equation 1
+6SHFLF+HDGN-NJ&u0HULGLRQDOYHORFLW\PV
83HULSKHU\YHORFLW\PV
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FEATURE
June 2013 JURUTERA | 21
$IQLW\/DZV
$IQLW\ /DZV DUH GHULYHG IURP WKH EDVLV WKDW KHDG
DQG RZUDWH DUHERWK GHSHQGHQWRQ YHORFLW\ WULDQJOHV
for geometrically similar impellers, and under ideal
conditions (as presented in Figure 1), they react linearly
to change either individually or simultaneously.
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the following:
+RZHYHUHPSLULFDOGDWDVKRZVWKDWRZUDWHWREH
directly proportional to diameter and speed change. The
following was proposed by A.J. Stepanoff and suggest (5)
LWVYDOLGLW\IRUDFRQVLGHUDEOHUDQJHRIVSHFLFVSHHGV2 .
:KHUH
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in Equation 1 with velocity being a product of rotational
speed and impeller diameter as indicated in Equation 2a
then suggest;
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is then represented by referring to Equations 2c and 3b;
Equations 2c, 3b and 4b all represent the general
$IQLW\/DZVDSSOLFDEOHIRUSXPSV3. It should be noted
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one of the variables on the right side of these equations
constant or implementing correction constants, whichwould be elaborated further in Section 4 of this article.
GlobalBritishEducation
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Equation 2a
Equation 2b
Equation 2c
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N = Rotational Speed, rpm D = Impeller diameter, m
r = Impeller radius, m
Equation 3a
Equation 4a
Equation 3b
Equation 4b
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FEATURE
| JURUTERA June 201322
(9$/8$7,212))$1/$:6
4.1 Effect of Scaling / Similitude
,QRUGHUWRDFFXUDWHO\DSSO\$IQLW\/DZV*XOOLFKVXJJHVWHG
that geometrical and dynamic similarity be maintained; to
EHPRUHVSHFLFDOOZHWWHGSDUWVDUHVHDOHGLQWKHVDPH
ratio whilst ensuring constant Euler, Froude and Reynolds
number (6). The effects of Froude4 and Reynolds5 number
for pumps are however, generally negligible unless detailed
loss investigation is required. Jacques and Florjancic
both added to these recommendations by implying that
$IQLW\ /DZV FDQ EH DSSOLHG DFFXUDWHO\ E\ PDLQWDLQLQJ
SXPSV HIFLHQF\ VSHFLF DQG VXFWLRQ VSHFLF VSHHG (4),(3). Jacques further suggested that only the same impeller
and not one geometrically similar be used for scaling as
manufacturing variation on wetted parts surface properties
ZLOO DIIHFW WKH DFFXUDF\ RI$IQLW\ /DZV(4)
(refer Section4.1.1 for further information).
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EHIRUHDQG DIWHUPRGLFDWLRQVZRXOGHQVXUHWKHDFFXUDF\
RI$IQLW\/DZV 7KHUHTXLUHPHQWV RXWOLQHG DUHWR HQVXUH
WKDW RZ NLQHPDWLFV DUH PDLQWDLQHG ZKLFK SUHYHQWV
variation in slip. As illustrated beforehand in Section
3.2, observation suggests that variation in impeller outer
diameter and rotational speed are major factors which
govern corresponding change in the pumps performance.
The following sub-sections will elaborate the effect of
variation in these parameters on pump performance.
4.1.1 Impeller Diameter VariationIt is common practice with most pump vendors to
construct impellers to be slightly larger than theoretically
FRPSXWHG DV UDWHG RZ ZLWKLQ RI %(3 LV
generally acceptable (7). If required pump performance
PRGLFDWLRQV DUH FDUULHG RXW E\ WULPPLQJ WKH LPSHOOHU
RU WKURWWOLQJ WKH RZ 7KLV SUDFWLFH SURYLGHV D EXIIHU IRU
the minor effects neglected during detailed engineering
calculations and also safeguard against under tolerance
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theoretical calculated size might prove to be detrimental
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properties end up not meeting process requirements andremanufacturing is required.
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would mean the pump is over-sized, leading to detrimental
effects, and to name a few:
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+LJKHU HQHUJ\ FRQVXPSWLRQ DV WKH SXPS ZRXOG EH
UXQQLQJRQSDUWORDGGXHWRUHGXFHGSXPSHIFLHQF\
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premature wear)
Possibility of pulsation (if inducers or suction impellers
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+LJKHUSRVVLELOLW\RIVHDOIDLOXUH
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operation) (3).
Reducing impeller diameter on the other hand does
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effects besides the higher capital cost; if performed
properly and within the allowable range. Most literatures
would suggest the upper limit of the allowable range to
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WREHXSWRRIPD[LPXPLPSHOOHUGLDPHWHU+RZHYHU
LQSUDFWLFHLWLVRIWHQWULPPHGWRDERXW6 only of
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drop and unstable pump performance due to increase in
HQHUJ\ORVVWRWXUEXOHQWRZ,QDGGLWLRQLIWKHLPSHOOHUWR
FDVLQJUDWLRH[FHHGVWKHSXPSGHVLJQOLPLWDQH[FHVVLYH
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EDFNRZLQWKHSXPSHVSHFLDOO\LQKLJKHQHUJ\DQGGRXEOHVXFWLRQRZSXPSV(1).
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are breached to the geometrical similitude, before and after
the impeller trim. Factors which contribute to this include
failure of geometrical impeller trim to vary proportionally
with:
Impeller surface roughness (commonly negligible with
WKHH[FHSWLRQWRDSSOLFDWLRQRI$IQLW\/DZLQKLJKKHDG
RURZRSHUDWLRQV Impeller width and internal leakage clearances
Impeller to casing ratio
These mentioned factors cause increase in slip, which
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Due to this, impeller diameters are often trimmed in
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conditions are achieved. Each time the impeller is trimmed
it would require to be re-balanced which could results in
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A silver lining to the setbacks introduced by the usage of
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by Figure 2; a correction chart for impeller diameter trim
to compensate for hydraulic mismatches and mechanical
imperfections ;(9). Validity of this chart has been tested with
two separate pump vendor performance curves and initial
observation shows that improvement of accuracy ranging
EHWZHHQWRDSSUR[LPDWHO\0RUHLPSRUWDQWO\XVDJH
of the correction factor as indicated in Figure 3 and Figure 4
prevents impeller over cut, which is not correctable unless
by change of impeller or variation of rotational speed. The
question that lies here is what if the driver is not variable
speed, which is the common case in most scenarios where
impeller trimming is practiced. Do note however, even with
WKHXVDJHRIWKHFRUUHFWLRQIDFWRUWKHH[DFWUHTXLUHGWULPLV
not indicated with negligible effects, this is especially thecase when referring to Figure 3. This is highly likely owed
WRWKHKLJKRZRIWKLVSXPSLQZKLFKWKHXVDJHRIWKHVH
laws is highly not recommended as addressed later. Note
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FEATURE
| JURUTERA June 201324
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as demonstrated on Figure 4, which is likely owed to its
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Other methods that may also be applied to make impeller
trimming more favourable is trimming of vanes in an oblique
cut instead of the entire shroud (for closed impeller designs).
This reduces the effect of balancing issues and provides a
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also should be taken when performing this to ensure that
shroud mechanical strength is not compromised.
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being utilised (vendor to test and validate impeller with
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under any circumstances avoided. If a new impeller is
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complete hydraulic analysis is recommended. The failure
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Figure 3, showing an undersized impeller, which would
ultimately lead to dissatisfactory pump performance. Pump
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Figure 2: Impeller trim correction [Image adopted from (9); (8)].
Figure 3: Comparison with and without correction factor proposed on
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FEATURE
June 2013 JURUTERA | 25
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are designed to maintain the impeller clearance width for a considerable
distance away from the outer diameter; this disrupts the width to diameter
ratio which maintains a near constant change as seen in middle range
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YHU\VKRUWEODGHV+HQFHWKH\DUHYHU\VHQVLWLYHWRGLDPHWHUFKDQJH (5) due
to possibility of inadequate vane overlap causing hydraulic problems to
arise(9)&RQVHTXHQWO\ERWKWKHVHVSHFLFVSHHGUDQJHVGRQRWFRUUHVSRQG
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highly unreliable in these cases(4).
4.1.2 Impeller Rotational Speed Variation
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process conditions is by changing the impeller rotational speed with variablespeed drive system (VSD). Use of VSDs with electric motor drive include
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steam turbine, gas turbine, reciprocating engine or even hydraulic power
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allowable speed range which must be taken into account.
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too. For one, the larger number of equipment required directly increases
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roughness not varying proportionally with speed change. Nevertheless,
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Figure 4: Comparison with and without correction factor proposed on general vendor B pump
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FEATURE
| JURUTERA June 201326
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however is not seen in practice, being supported from a large
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variables, one of which is rotational speed(2). Though for
small speed changes the effects that cause inaccuracy to
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Figure 5. A pump manufacturer had introduced a method
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after speed variation
(10)
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applied to vary rotational speed, one should be cautious and
take mechanical limitations of the pump into consideration,
as increasing the rotational speed without a proper rotor
dynamic study may cause the shaft to operate dangerously
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vibration, with pump part failures following suit. Increasing
the shaft size to counter this effect can be considered with a
detailed engineering study, as the shaft size directly affects
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of the pump in operation is very small, as common pump
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is increased(11).
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to the common fallacy of low accuracy predictions and
unreliability. This is compounded with competition frompresent day high speed computational hardware and
advancing CFD software with the capability to accurately
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impeller diameter. These factors are main causes as to why
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this article brings to light the possibility of these laws being
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tolerable accuracy during feasibility stage or even during
trouble-shooting, if applied with proper care and the methods
outlined. Although further thorough research is strongly
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practice. Future works to be considered should include
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caution should always be taken especially when trimming
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properties.
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FEATURE
| JURUTERA June 201328
Product Development ThroughThe Use Of Rapid Prototyping
by Ir. Dr Tan Chee Fai
THE competition and rapid development of the world
market is causing the industry to produce more quality
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industry needs to plan and adopt the right strategy in order
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Lean Manufacturing and Concurrent Engineering are
used. To reduce the production time and minimise designHUURU HQJLQHHUVQHHG WR FUHDWH WKHUDSLG PRGHOV LQ HDFK
development stage.
Rapid prototyping (RP) technology is a means through
which the product geometry as modelled in the earlier
stages can be directly utilised to obtain the physical shape
of a component. This helps explore and prevent the design
problems during the manufacturing stage. Rapid prototyping
allows real models and tools to be produced directly from
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useful in the early stage of product development as well as
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The rapid prototyping industry is experiencing
impressive growth although it was badly hit by the global
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only a few processes are widely accepted by the industry.
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system and Envision Tec Perfactory are some of the widely
used systems. Yet most of the present systems have not
completely addressed the industrys needs. MachinesKDYH OLPLWDWLRQV LQ WKHLU SHUIRUPDQFHV DQG GLPHQVLRQDO
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MAJOR RP APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY
Offshore and Abyssal Engineering
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research. The outcome from the research found that RP
has improved and replaced the conventional methodsto develop new types of products and procedures. RP
therefore has great potential in offshore engineering.
Engineering
The aerospace industry in the United State uses RP
technology to manufacture the customized parts for the
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RP also plays an important role in the automotive
industry. RP models are used for design studies (aestheticevaluation) and physical experimentation (aerodynamic
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Architecture
The Rapid Prototyping Group from University of Strathclyde
of the United Kingdom has applied RP in the architectural
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of architectural models can be described using seven
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Medical Applications
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conscious adults can have their teeth straightened without
the embarrassment of having a mouth full of metal braces
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also be applied in the hearing aids industry to produceFXVWRPLVHG KHDULQJ DLG VKHOOV IRU SDWLHQWV ,Q DGGLWLRQ
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the patients face which helps to reduce the formation of
scarred tissue.
Arts and Archaeology
RP is being used in the restoration of artefacts. RP can
duplicate ancient statues and ornaments which had
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damage can then be corrected using the software. In this
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Sciences
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FEATURE
June 2013 JURUTERA | 29
chains upscale for teaching and learning purposes in the
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various projects or as a product development tool for small
VFDOH EXVLQHVVHV VXFK DV DQ RQOLQH EXVLQHVV +RZHYHU
WKH RQO\ GUDZEDFN LV WKDW RI WKH TXDOLW\ RI WKH QLVKHG
product will not be as good due to the low resolution of
the machine.
REFERENCES
[1] Wiedemann, B. and Jantzen, H-A., Strategies and applications
for rapid product and process development in Daimler-Benz AG,
Computers in Industry, 39, 1999 pp. 11-25.
[2] Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Innovations: State of the rapid
prototyping industry, Strategic Direction, 20, 2004 pp. 27-29.
[3] Egodawatta, A.K.m Harrison, D.K., A.K.M. De Silva and G. Haritos,
A new rapid prototyping/tooling based on layered manufacturing
technology, Proceeding of Third International Conference on
Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Kuala Lumpur, 11-13 May
2004, pp. 401-405.
[4] Wieneke, B. M. T. and Gerber, H.W., Rapid prototyping technology
new potentials for offshore and abyssal engineering, Proceedings
of the Thirteenth International Offshore and Polar Engineering
Conference, Honolulu, 25-29 May 2003 pp. 27.
[5] Ryder, G., Ion, B., Green, G., Harrison, D. and Wood, B., Rapid
design and manufacture tools in architecture, Automation in
Construction 11, 2002 pp. 279 290.
[6] Burry, M. Rapid prototyping, CAD/CAM and human factors,
Automation in Construction, 11, 2002 pp. 313-333.
[7] http://www.wohlesassociates.com/EuroMold-2001-paper.html(accessed on 18/5/2004)
Ir. Dr Tan Chee Fai is a committee member of the Mechanical Engineering
Technical Division and a Senior Lecturer, Integrated Design Research Group
(IDeA), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia
Melaka.
Fill in the remaining 80 squares with single digits 1-9 such that there is no repeat of the digit in every Row,
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ENGINEERING DIGEST
| JURUTERA June 201330
Civil Engineering Dominates Q1Construction Activity
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14, Jalan Sementa 27/91, Seksyen 27,
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Tel: +60 3 5192 8568 Fax: +60 3 5192 8575
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soil protectors are also resistant to UV exposure, easy to install and are made in broader
widths for wider coverage to reduce material wastage, cost and time of installation.
www.tencategeosynthetics.com
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FORUM
June 2013 JJUURRUUTTEERRAA||3
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THE Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM) has won a bid
to become the organiser of the 7th International Conference
on Cooling & Heating Technologies in 2014 (ICCHT-2014),
which will be held in Malaysia. IEM was invited by American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) Singapore Chapter to participate and
bid for the ICCHT-2014. Mechanical Engineering Technical
Division (METD) was given the task by IEM to be in chargeof the bidding of ICCHT-2014. After several preparatory
meetings, METD had decided to send a delegation to bid
for the organisation of 7th ICCHT during the 6th ICCHT in
Xian, China, between 9 and 12 November 2012.
The proposal from METD was supported by IEM and
for the ICCHT-2014, METD has decided to work with IEM
Training Centre (IEM-TC). After some preparations and
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Xian, China, to meet the ICCHT main committee and to
present the proposal. The delegation team was represented
by Ir. Noor Hisham Yahaya (Team Leader), Ir. Fam Yew Hin,
Ir. Luk Chau Beng, Ir. Gopal Narian Kutty, Ir. Yim Hong
Wa (representative from IEM-TC), and Ir. Dr Tan Chee
Fai. There were two intensive discussion sessions and a
presentation during the 6th International Conference on
Cooling & Heating Technologies (ICCHT-2012). Finally, the
main ICCHT committee approved METDs proposal and
awarded the organising right of 7th ICCHT to the Institution
of Engineers, Malaysia.
The ICCHT was formed by a group of researchers
from four countries, namely Professor Maogang He (Xian
Jiatong University, China), Professor Aryandi Suwono
(Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia), Professor Hanshik
Chung (Gyeingsang National University, Korea), Professor
Shengqiang Shen (Dalian University of Technology, China),and Professor S.H. Winoto (National University of Singapore,
Singapore). Their main research interest are cooling and
heating technologies such as HVAC system, heat transfer,
renewable energy and refrigeration engineering.
The 1st International Conference on Cooling & Heating
Technologies was held in Hanoi Vietnam (January 2005,
whereas the subsequent conferences were held in Dalian,
China (July 2006); Tokyo, Japan (July 2007); Jinhae,
Korea (October 2008) and Bandung, Indonesia (December
2010). The previous ICCHTs had gathered more than 100
cooling and heating researchers from different countries
such as China, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Indonesia.The 7th International Conference on Cooling & Heating
Technologies will be organised in Kuala Lumpur from 4
November to 6 November 2014.
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7/22/2019 Jurutera June 2013
36/48
JACKED ANCHORS(Patent No: MY113979A)
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SGE Jacked Anchors for 10-12m CBP Retaining Wall,SMART Tunnel.
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7/22/2019 Jurutera June 2013
37/48
FORUM
June 2013 JJUURRUUTTEERRAA||3
35
5
RReettrreeaattaannddBBrraaiinnssttoorrmmiinnggWWoorrkksshhoopp
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THE annual Retreat and Brainstorming Workshop of
the Mechanical Engineering Technical Division (METD)
for Session 2012/13 was held on 15 December 2012 at