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Document 1 of 1 Worshiping Siva and Buddha: The Temple Art of East Java Author: McGowan, Kaja M ProQuest document link Abstract: McGowan reviews Worshiping Siva and Buddha: The Temple Art of East Java by Ann R. Kinney, withMarijke J. Klokke and Lydia Kieven. Full text: Worshiping Siva and Buddha: The Temple Art of East Java. By ANN R. KINNEY, with MARIJKE J.KLOKKE and LYDIA KIEVEN. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2003. 303 pp. $60.00 (cloth). Ann R. Kinney's Worshiping Siva and Buddha: The Temple Art of East Java serves as a welcome introductorysurvey to temple sites constructed in the East Javanese kingdoms of Kadiri, Singasari, and Majapahit betweenthe tenth and the sixteenth centuries. Once described as "magical" by Dutch archaeologist Willem FrederikStutterheim because of their apparent propensity to return to pre-Hindu ("Javanized") concepts of construction,East Java's architectural and sculptural remains have been curiously overlooked when compared with thescholarly attention directed to the more Indie-inspired Central Javanese monuments from the eighth and ninthcenturies-primarily the Buddhist stupa Borobudur and Hindu candi Loro Jonggrang. Kinney chronologicallyreunites the current state of the architectural remains in situ with numerous sculptures once associated withthese temple sites, which at various points historically (for reasons nefarious or otherwise) have beentransported to museums and private collections all over the world. While in most cases we can only guess howthese freestanding sculptures might have originally contributed to prescribed ambulatory patterns of worship,Kinney's attempted reconstructions based on documented evidence when juxtaposed with the superb colorphotography provided by Rio Helmi will undoubtedly ignite scholarly interest and encourage much-neededfuture research. Interspersed throughout Kinney's text are generous enticements to scholars, seasoned andnovice, to pursue as-of-yet unsolved and/or underrepresented avenues of inquiry, an invitation promoted stillfurther by the invaluable inclusion of appendix B ("A Note for Photographers"), in which Helmi offers advice onthe favorable conditions required for the successful photographing of Indonesian temples and their complexreliefs. This is a sumptuously illustrated volume including three hundred photographs, and the volume's first sectionincludes an introductory chapter entitled "Hinduism and Buddhism in Indonesia," by Marijke J. Klokke of LeidenUniversity. This is followed by a brief overview on the architecture and art of ancient East Java by art historianLydia Kieven. The three pieces by Kinney that proceed chart progressively in isolated sections a summary ofeach site, followed by the artistic developments in the separate kingdoms of Kadiri (929-1222), Singasari (1222-92), and Majapahit (1293-1519). Kinney identifies the narrative reliefs depicted episodically in stone, visuallyanalyzing-still by still-the rivers of stories encircling these temples in unique combinatory patterns. Worshiping Siva and Buddha is a significant contribution not only to Javanese studies but also to architecture,art history, comparative religion, Hindu studies, Buddhist studies, and Southeast Asian studies. Although thebook contains invaluable information that is not available en masse in any other publication, the veryintroductory nature of this text and its organizational choices would seem to preclude the possibility for deeperand more-complex readings. Rather than find fault here, however, this review might better serve as a caveat tofuture researchers inspired by Kinney's text to challenge themselves to go beyond the issues and problemsdealt with in much of the earlier scholarship on temples in Southeast Asia. It is not enough to be content withsimply identifying the stories carved in stone or divining the possible relationship between surviving texts andreliefs and what caused certain incongruities, stylistic and otherwise, between the two. Scholars must examinethe possible localized meanings of the stories selected within their architectural context as reflective of aperformative and spiritually edifying experience. I am advocating further exploration of the approach

championed in part by Peter Worsley (and modeled by many of his students, such as Marea A. Johnstone,Kathleen O'Brien, and Adrian Vickers), who argued that the seemingly confused order of some of the reliefssculptured on Candi Surawana, formerly ascribed to mistakes on the part of the sculptor(s), was directly relatedto the function of the candi and its cosmic orientation ("Narrative Bas-Reliefs at Candi Surawana," in SoutheastAsia in the 9th to 14th Centuries, ed. David G. Marr and A. C. Milner {Singapore: Institute of Southeast AsianStudies; Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1986}). Such localizing of narrative form and function would force emerging scholarship to grapple with the importanceof the relationship between, for example, Judith A. Patt's significant and as yet unpublished 1979 Berkeleydissertation, "The Use and Symbolism of Water in Ancient Indonesian Art and Architecture," referenced inKinney's text but not cited, and the preponderance of stories of deliverance carved on East Javanese temples inwhich parental ancestors and holy water (amerta) are wrested from inaccessible places and brought to celestialcandi-like climes. Patt's discovery that in East Java and Bali the selection of sites for temples and monumentswas governed by and indeed often directly harnessed to the auspicious location of particular natural watersources and their potential mixture quite effectively gives autonomous, physical form to that uniquely Tantricconfluence of Siva/Buddha knowledge, power, and genealogical legitimacy so essential to the phenomenon ofdemonizing the divine status of kings and queens in East Java. Suddenly the reason for the preponderance instone of a story such as "Bubuksha and Gagang Aking"-which is about two brothers who practice asceticism indistinctive ways, reflecting alternatively Buddhist and Sivaic paths to enlightenment-requires more than simplyKinney's cursory treatment where it occurs (pp. 202-4, 236) but to entertain the possibility of interpreting it alongthe lines of W. H. Rassers, who in Panji, the Culture Hero: A Structural Study of Religion in Java (The Hague:Martinus Nijhoff, 1959) refers to the folktale as quintessentially reflective of that unique amalgamation of Hindu,Buddhist, and animistic forces (Stutterheim's "magic") serving to shape East Javanese visual sensibilities. In successive order, the kingdoms of Kadiri, Singasari, and Majapahit not only ruled large parts of Java but alsoplayed a formative role in the course of history of several areas outside Java, especially Bali and Sumatra. Toassume, however, that the influence only traveled unilaterally is to perpetuate certain Orientalist (particularlyDutch) preoccupations with pre-Hindu Java as a golden age of art and culture before the arrival of Islam.Kekawin, poems based on the great Hindu epics, were especially valued by the Dutch as direct survivals of that"classical" Indian or Javanese Majapahit past. The fact that these texts had been copied and recopied forcenturies by Balinese priests and scribes seemed inconsequential to colonial antiquarian collecting practices.To persevere in referring to Bali as a mere "repository of fifteenth-century Hindu-Javanese culture" (p. 9) or a"preserver of Hindu Java" (p. 159) is to perpetuate that indifference. It is Hindu Balinese ritualistic and artisticresponses to the memory of Kadiri, Singasari, and especially Majapahit-in all its creative and anachronisticforms of expression (and genealogical obsession) over the centuries-that has made certain texts particularlyaccessible to European collections. The many stones to which Kinney refers in Worshiping Siva and Buddhaare all cases in point. Ball's agency must be reconsidered in light of this shared, albeit distinctive, preoccupationwith East Java's past. AuthorAffiliation KAJA M. MCGOWAN Cornell University Subject: Book reviews; Nonfiction; Hinduism; Buddhism; Location: East Java People: Kinney, Ann R, Klokke, Marijke J, Kieven, Lydia Publication title: The Journal of Asian Studies

Volume: 64 Issue: 1 Pages: 248-250 Number of pages: 3 Publication year: 2005 Publication date: Feb 2005 Year: 2005 Publisher: Cambridge University Press Place of publication: Ann Arbor Country of publication: United Kingdom Publication subject: Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works, Political Science--International Relations, AsianStudies, Literature ISSN: 00219118 CODEN: JASNBR Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Book Review-Mixed ProQuest document ID: 230422445 Document URL: http://search.proquest.com/docview/230422445?accountid=25704 Copyright: Copyright Association for Asian Studies, Inc. Feb 2005 Last updated: 2011-08-29 Database: ProQuest Asian Business & Reference,Arts & Humanities Full Text

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