JURIS Perjury Cases

8/12/2019 JURIS Perjury Cases

1/65

THIRD DIVISION

ANTONIO B. MONFORT III and

ILDEFONSO B. MONFORT,

Petitioners,

-versus

MA. ANTONIA M.

SALVATIERRA, PAUL

MONFORT, RAMON H.MONFORT, JACQUELINE M.

YUSAY, YVETTE M.

BENEDICTO, ESTER S.

MONFORT, SECRETARY OF

JUSTICE and CITY

PROSECUTOR OF CADIZ

CITY,

Respondents.

G.R. No. 1!"#1

Present:

YNARES-SANTIAGO,

Chairperson,

AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ,

CAE!O, SR.,"

C#ICO-NAZARIO, and

NAC#URA,JJ.

Pro$%&'ated:

Mar(h ), *++

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

D E C I S I O N

C#ICO-NAZARIO,J.:

In this Petition or Re/ie01213on Certiorari%nder R%&e 4) o the 155 R%&es

o Ci/i& Pro(ed%re, petitioners Antonio 6. Monort III and I&deonso 6. Monort

see7 to set aside the 8e(ision dated *9 !an%ar *++)*2*3and Reso&%tion dated *;

* On &ea/e.1 213 Rollo, pp. i&&on and

Ra$on M. 6ato, !r., (on(%rrin'? rollo, pp. 1;


2/65

Ma *++). P%no? id. at


3/65

Genera& Inor$ation Sheet DGIS a((o$p&ished = the M#A8C and s%=$itted to

the Se(%rities and E(han'e Co$$ission DSEC, I&oi&o Etension Oi(e. %rther,

there is nothin' in the 155; GIS o the M#A8C 0hi(h states that an e&e(tion o

the =oard o dire(tors o the M#A8C too7 p&a(e on 1; O(to=er 155;.23

S%=seB%ent&, pri/ate respondents i&ed their oint (o%nter-aida/its dated 5

8e(e$=er 1559 in I.S. No. 9++5 =eore the Cit Prose(%tor o CadiF. The a&&e'ed

that the are sto(7ho&ders o re(ord o the M#A8C? that a sto(7ho&ders@ $eetin'

o the M#A8C 0as he&d on 1; O(to=er 155; 0here the 0ere e&e(ted as =oard

dire(tors o M#A8C? that the M#A8C@s (orporate a((o%ntant, iton%a,

8esa=e&&e and Asso(iates D8A, 0as responsi=&e or the preparation o the

M#A8C@s GIS? that the 8A $ade erroneo%s state$ents in the 155; GIS o

M#A8C? that the erroneo%s state$ents reer to the date o the M#A8C@s ann%a&

sto(7ho&ders@ $eetin' and the persons (o$posin' the M#A8C@s =oard o

dire(tors? that the 8A had ad$itted ha/in' (o$$itted s%(h honest error? that the

8A had re(tiied the sa$e = s%=$ittin' a &etter to the SEC inor$in' the &atter

that the ann%a& sto(7ho&ders@ $eetin' o the M#A8C or the ear 155; 0as he&d

on 1; O(to=er 155; and not on * No/e$=er 155;? that 0hat transpired on *

No/e$=er 155; 0as not the ann%a& sto(7ho&ders@ $eetin' o the M#A8C =%t

$ere& a spe(ia& $eetin' o the =oard o dire(tors thereo? and, that, the pri/ate

respondents 0ere e&e(ted as =oard dire(tors o the M#A8C d%rin' the ann%a&

sto(7ho&ders@ $eetin' on 1; O(to=er 155;.9293

Pri/ate respondents th%s ar'%e that the (annot =e he&d &ia=&e or per%r

sin(e one o the e&e$ents o per%r %nder Arti(&e 19< o the Re/ised Pena& Code is

723 Id. at


4/65

that the assertion o a&sehood $%st =e 0i&&%& and de&i=erate? that the ter$s 0i&&%&

and de&i=erate i$p& $a&i(e and e/i& intent in assertin' a&sehood? and that this

e&e$ent is &a(7in' in the (ase at =ar.5253

Thereater, In/esti'atin' Prose(%tor A=raha$ E. Tion7o DIn/esti'ator

Tion7o iss%ed a Reso&%tion dated 14 Apri& 1555 in I.S. No. 9++5 dis$issin' the

&etter-(o$p&aint or per%r o the petitioners or &a(7 o pro=a=&e (a%se.1+21+3

In/esti'ator Tion7o noted that the state$ents in the 155; GIS o the M#A8C are

indeed erroneo%s. The 155; GIS stated that the sto(7ho&ders@ $eetin' and e&e(tion

o the =oard o dire(tors too7 p&a(e on * No/e$=er 155;. I s%(h inor$ation

0ere tr%e and (orre(t, then a((ordin' to In/esti'ator Tion7o, it 0o%&d ha/e =een

i$possi=&e or so$e o the =oard dire(tors to =e e&e(ted as s%(h on * No/e$=er

155; sin(e the 0ere a&read de(eased at that ti$e.112113 Moreo/er, i the 155;

ann%a& sto(7ho&ders@ $eetin' o M#A8C 0as indeed he&d on * No/e$=er 155;

0hi(h e&& on a Hednesda, it 0o%&d ha/e =een in(onsistent 0ith the =-&a0s o

the M#A8C 0hi(h states that the ann%a& sto(7ho&ders@ $eetin' o the M#A8C

sha&& =e he&d on the &ast Th%rsda o No/e$=er, 0hi(h, a((ordin' to the 155;

(a&endar, e&& on *9 No/e$=er 155;.

As to the $atter o 0hether or not the sto(7ho&ders $a ho&d their ann%a&

$eetin' on a date other than that spe(iied in its =-&a0s, In/esti'ator Tion7o

opined that s%(h is not 0ithin the pro/in(e o his oi(e to r%&e.1*21*3

9 253 Id.10 21+3 Id. at ;1-;


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#e, thereater, $ade the o&&o0in' indin's: that it 0as not i$possi=&e or

the M#A8C sto(7ho&ders to ha/e (ond%(ted their ann%a& $eetin' on 1; O(to=er

155;? that there 0o%&d ha/e =een 0i&&%& and de&i=erate assertion o a&sehood on

the part o the pri/ate respondents on& i no error 0as (o$$itted in the

preparation o the 155; GIS o M#A8C? that pri/ate respondent Ra$on #.

Monort 0as not a0are o the said errors at the ti$e he s%=s(ri=ed and s0ore to the

(orre(tness o the 155; GIS o M#A8C as >i(e-President thereo? that %pon the

dis(o/er o the errors, the 8A sent a &etter to the SEC pro/idin' the &atter 0ith

the (orre(t inor$ation? that s%(h sho%&d =e (onsidered as $ere ne'&i'en(e and

i$pr%den(e on the part o pri/ate respondent Ra$on #. Monort? and that the

(ri$e o per%r (annot =e (o$$itted = ne'&i'en(e or i$pr%den(e. The

dispositi/e portion o In/esti'ator Tion7o@s Reso&%tion states:

H#EREORE, the %ndersi'ned =e&ie/es there is no pro=a=&e (a%se to

s%pport a indin' o per%r a'ainst a&& o the respondents and this (o$p&aint is

here= dis$issed.1


6/65

re(ord (onsistin' o the noti(es o sto(7ho&ders@ $eetin' and re'istr ret%rn

re(eipt.1;21;3 #e a&so air$ed that patent errors 0ere (o$$itted in the preparation

o the 155; GIS o the M#A8C. Pertinent portions o the ** 8e(e$=er 1555

Reso&%tion o Prose(%tor Ara'ona reads:

He then r%&ed and so r%&es here, that an erroneo%s do(%$ent is in(orre(t

and thereore not the tr%th. It (annot =e %sed as =asis to (har'e the respondents or

Per%r, or the si$p&e reason that it is not an e/iden(e that the &ied %nder oath.In a(t, it is an e/iden(e not on& o it =ein' an in(orre(t do(%$ent =%t a&so o the

a(t that the No/e$=er *, 155; $eetin' 0ritten in it 0as a $ista7e and that the

dead persons &isted as e&e(ted oi(ers in that $eetin' is &i7e0ise a $ista7e. This

e/iden(e has no pro=ati/e /a&%e to esta=&ish pri$a a(ie (ase or per%r =e(a%seo its nat%re as =ein' 0orth&ess d%e to its inherent in(redi=i&it to esta=&ish that

No/e$=er *, 155; is the tr%e date o the Ann%a& Sto(7ho&ders@ Meetin' o the

Monort #er$anos A'ri(%&t%ra& 8e/e&op$ent Corporation.

In /ie0 o the ore'oin', the appea& sho%&d =e, as it is here= dis$issed. 1

213

Petitioners, then, appea&ed to the Se(retar o !%sti(e. indin' no re/ersi=&e

error in Prose(%tor Ara'ona@s Reso&%tion dated ** 8e(e$=er 1555, Underse(retar

o !%sti(e Re'is >. P%no dis$issed petitioners@ appea& in his Reso&%tion dated 11

O(to=er *+++,192193to 0it:

This reso&/es the appea& ro$ the reso&%tion o the Re'iona& State

Prose(%tor, Re'ion >I, I&oi&o Cit in the a=o/e-entit&ed (ase dis$issin' the

(o$p&aint a'ainst Ma. Antonia M. Sa&/atierra, et. a&. or per%r.

Se(tion 5 o 8epart$ent Order No. **< dated !%ne


7/65

s%(h error (o$$itted = the prose(%tor that 0o%&d %sti a re/ersa& o his

reso&%tion, 0hi(h is in a((ord 0ith the &a0 and e/iden(e on the $atter.

H#EREORE, pre$ises (onsidered, the appea& is here= 8ISMISSE8. 15

2153

Petitioners i&ed a $otion or re(onsideration o Underse(retar P%no@s

Reso&%tion dated 11 O(to=er *+++ =%t this 0as denied in the Reso&%tion dated 1)

A%'%st *++1 o Underse(retar o !%sti(e Man%e& A.!. Teehan7ee sin(e no ne0

$atter 0as raised to 0arrant the re/ie0 o the sa$e,*+2*+3viz:

A per%sa& o the $otion sho0s no ne0 $atter 0hi(h 0as not ta7en into

(onsideration in o%r re/ie0 o the (ase. #en(e, 0e ind no (o$pe&&in' reason to

a&ter or $odi o%r reso&%tion.

H#EREORE, the $otion or re(onsideration is here= 8ENIE8 0ith

ina&it.*12*13

Petitioners appea&ed the reso&%tions o the Se(retar o !%sti(e dated 11

O(to=er *+++ and 1) A%'%st *++1, respe(ti/e&, to the Co%rt o Appea&s. On *9

!an%ar *++), the Co%rt o Appea&s rendered its 8e(ision air$in' the said

reso&%tions.**2**3 It r%&ed that the Se(retar o !%sti(e did not (o$$it 'ra/e a=%se o

dis(retion sin(e its non-indin' o pro=a=&e (a%se or per%r a'ainst pri/ate

respondents is =ased on &a0, %rispr%den(e and e/iden(e on re(ords. It a&so he&d

that the pri/ate respondents had s%i(ient& esta=&ished the a(t that a

sto(7ho&ders@ $eetin' o the M#A8C a(t%a&& too7 p&a(e on 1; O(to=er 155;, and

that the 0ere e&e(ted d%rin' the said $eetin' as =oard dire(tors. It %rther stated

192153 Id.202*+3 Id. at


8/65

that 0i&&%& and de&i=erate assertion o a&sehood, as one o the e&e$ents o per%r,

is not present in the instant (ase.*


9/65

dire(tors o the M#A8C too7 p&a(e on 1; O(to=er 155;. %rther, the intent o the

pri/ate respondents to (o$$it a 0i&&%& and de&i=erate assertion o a&sehood is

e/ident in the 155; GIS o the M#A8C 0hi(h does not spe(i that an e&e(tion o

=oard dire(tors too7 p&a(e on 1; O(to=er 155;.*2*3

Petitioners a&so a/erred that the (orre(tion o the a&&e'ed erroneo%s entries in

the 155; GIS o M#A8C 0as $ade = the 8A, M#A8C@s (orporate

a((o%ntant, on& ater the &apse o t0o ears ro$ the ee(%tion o the said

do(%$ent. The ar'%ed that the sa$e 0as a %ti&e atte$pt on the part o the

pri/ate respondents to es(ape (ri$ina& &ia=i&it sin(e: a at the ti$e the (orre(tions

0ere $ade, the had a&read (har'ed pri/ate respondent Ra$on #. Monort 0ith

per%r and a&sii(ation o pri/ate do(%$ent or in(&%din' in the 155; GIS o the

M#A8C the na$es o sto(7ho&ders 0ho 0ere a&read de(eased as e&e(ted =oard

dire(tors o M#A8C?*92*93= the a&&e'ed errors in the 155; GIS o the M#A8C,

parti(%&ar& in the (o$position o the a&&e'ed e&e(ted =oard o dire(tors, is =e&ied

= the 155 GIS o M#A8C i&ed = pri/ate respondent Ra$on #. Monort 0hi(h

reiterated the na$es o the de(eased sto(7ho&ders as e&e(ted dire(tors o M#A8C?

this is not %st one $ista7e =%t t0o $ista7es a&read? ( there 0as i&&-$oti/e on the

part o the pri/ate respondents 0hen it sent, thro%'h 8A, a &etter to the SEC to

(orre(t the a&&e'ed errors =e(a%se at the ti$e s%(h &etter 0as re(ei/ed = the SEC,

the Cit Prose(%tor o CadiF had a&read iss%ed a reso&%tion in I.S. No. 99i(e-

President o the M#A8C, he si'ned and (ertiied the sa$e %nder oath? that he 0as

not, ho0e/er, a0are o the erroneo%s state$ents therein at the ti$e 0hen he si'ned

it? that it 0as 8A as M#A8C@s (orporate a((o%ntant 0hi(h had so&e& prepared

the 155; GIS o the M#A8C? that he a&0as re&ied on the a((%ra( o 8A? that

he hasti& si'ned it sin(e, at that ti$e, the 8A representati/e 0as in a h%rr to

=eat the dead&ine in s%=$ittin' the sa$e to the SEC? that ater =ein' inor$ed o

the erroneo%s state$ents, the 8A sent a &etter to the SEC inor$in' the &atter o

the $ista7es and s%pp&in' the (orre(t inor$ations therein? that the erroneo%s

state$ents 0ere d%e to the o/ersi'ht o the 8A? and, that he ad$itted that he 0as

ne'&i'ent in not (are%&& readin' and ana&Fin' the state$ents therein.4*24*3

The naK/e re&ian(e o the pri/ate respondents on the ore'oin' (ir(%$stan(es

in ee(%tin' their respe(ti/e (o%nter-aida/its dated 11 !%ne 1559 ne'ates 0i&&%&

and de&i=erate assertion o a&sehood. Per%r =ein' a e&on = dolo, there $%st

=e $a&i(e on the part o the a((%sed.4


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distin'%ished ro$ inad/ertent a(ts.J It $%st appear that the a((%sed 7no0s his

state$ent to =e a&se or is (ons(io%s& i'norant o its tr%th.442443

In this (ase, the pri/ate respondents =e&ie/ed in 'ood aith that, =ased on the

a=o/e-ep&ained e/ents, their state$ents in their respe(ti/e (o%nter- aida/its

dated 11 !%ne 1559 are tr%e and (orre(t. Good aith or &a(7 o $a&i(e is a /a&id

deense vis-a-vis the a&&e'ation o de&i=erate assertion o a&sehood in per%r

(ases.4)24)3

It sho%&d a&so =e =orne in $ind that per%r (annot =e 0i&&%& 0here the oath

is a((ordin' to =e&ie or (on/i(tion as to its tr%th. %ona fide=e&ie in the tr%th o a

state$ent is an adeB%ate deense.4;24;3 The pri/ate respondents had (onsistent&

(&ai$ed that the 155; GIS o the M#A8C is erroneo%s on its a(e. The ha/e

$aintained a&& a&on' their stand that the ann%a& sto(7ho&ders $eetin' o the

M#A8C 0as he&d on 1; O(to=er 155; and not on * No/e$=er 155;. The a&so

s%=$itted do(%$entar e/iden(e to pro/e that the ann%a& sto(7ho&ders@ $eetin'

too7 p&a(e on 1; O(to=er 155;, and that the 8A had a&read (o$$%ni(ated to the

SEC the $ista7es and (orre(tions in the 155; GIS o the M#A8C.4243 In addition

thereto, the a&so s%=$itted a &etter (o$in' ro$ the SEC 0hi(h a(7no0&ed'ed the

(orre(tions therein and had noted that the sa$e no0 or$ part o the re(ords o the

M#A8C.492493

%rther, the Se(retar o !%sti(e had o%nd that the 155; GIS o the

M#A8C is patent& erroneo%s. It (on(&%ded that the sa$e is 0orth&ess and has no

44 2443 Id. at )1


15/65

pro=ati/e /a&%e in e/iden(e =e(a%se it does not esta=&ish the a(t that the tr%e date

o the ann%a& sto(7ho&ders@ $eetin' or the ear 155; too7 p&a(e on * No/e$=er

155;. This indin' 0as s%stained = the Co%rt o Appea&s in its 8e(ision dated *9

!an%ar *++).

As a 'enera& r%&e, this Co%rt 0i&& not interere in the (ond%(t o pre&i$inar

in/esti'ations and &ea/e to the in/esti'atin' prose(%tor s%i(ient &atit%de o

dis(retion in the eer(ise o deter$ination o 0hat (onstit%tes s%i(ient e/iden(e

as 0i&& esta=&ish pro=a=&e (a%se or the i&in' o an inor$ation a'ainst an

oender.452453 As an e(eption, ho0e/er, this Co%rt $a inB%ire into the

deter$ination o pro=a=&e (a%se d%rin' the pre&i$inar in/esti'ation i, =ased on

the re(ords, the prose(%tor (o$$itted 'ra/e a=%se o dis(retion. )+2)+3 In the (ase at

=ar, the Cit Prose(%tor o CadiF, the Re'iona& State Prose(%tor or Re'ion >I, and

the Se(retar o !%sti(e had (onsistent& r%&ed that there is no pro=a=&e (a%se to

indi(t the pri/ate respondents or the (ri$e o per%r. He ind no 'ra/e a=%se o

dis(retion or $aniest error on their part (onsiderin' the a(t that their non-indin'

o pro=a=&e (a%se is s%pported = the e/iden(e on re(ord. It is 0e&& to state, too,

that the reso&%tion o the Se(retar o !%sti(e de(&arin' the a=sen(e or eisten(e o

a pro=a=&e (a%se and air$ed = the Co%rt o Appea&s is a((orded hi'h respe(t

and 'enera&& (on(&%si/e on this Co%rt.)12)13 He ind no e(eptiona& reasons to

de/iate ro$ this prin(ip&e.

The prono%n(e$ents o this Co%rt in G.R. No. 1)*)4* and No. 1))4*)*2)*3

do not a%to$ati(a&& i$p& that there is s%i(ient e/iden(e or pro=a=&e (a%se to

49 2453 Punzalan v. $ela Pena, G.R. No. 1)9)4


16/65

indi(t the pri/ate respondents or the (ri$e o per%r. It sho%&d =e %nders(ored

that in G.R. No. 1)*)4* and No. 1))4*, there is no indin' 0ith re'ard to the

(orre(t date o the 155; ann%a& sto(7ho&ders@ $eetin' and the e&e(tion o the =oard

o dire(tors as to =ind this Co%rt in the Petition at =ar.

$HEREFORE, the instant petition is here= DENIED. The 8e(ision and

Reso&%tion o the Co%rt o Appea&s in CA-G.R. SP No. ;1+5 dated *9 !an%ar

*++) and *; Ma *++), respe(ti/e&, are here= AFFIRMED. Costs a'ainst

petitioners.

SO ORDERED.

MINITA V. CHICO%NAZARIO

Asso(iate !%sti(e

HE CONCUR:

CONSUELO YNARES%SANTIAGO

Asso(iate !%sti(e

Chairperson

MA. ALICIA AUSTRIA%MARTINEZ

Asso(iate !%sti(e

ROMEO J. CALLEJO, SR.

Asso(iate !%sti(e

ANTONIO EDUARDO B. NACHURA

Asso(iate !%sti(e


17/65

A T T E S T A T I O N

I attest that the (on(&%sions in the a=o/e 8e(ision 0ere rea(hed in

(ons%&tation =eore the (ase 0as assi'ned to the 0riter o the opinion o the

Co%rt@s 8i/ision.

CONSUELO YNARES%

SANTIAGO

Asso(iate !%sti(e

Chairperson, Third 8i/ision

C E R T I I C A T I O N

P%rs%ant to Arti(&e >III, Se(tion 1< o the Constit%tion, and the 8i/ision

Chair$an@s Attestation, it is here= (ertiied that the (on(&%sions in the a=o/e

8e(ision 0ere rea(hed in (ons%&tation =eore the (ase 0as assi'ned to the 0riter o

the opinion o the Co%rt@s 8i/ision.

REYNATO S. PUNO

Chie !%sti(e

Supreme Court +-)i(rary


18/65

SECOND DIVISION

CRISTE B. VILLANUEVA, G.R. No. 1&1!'

Petitioner,

Present:

PUNO,J.,C"airman,

- versus - AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ,

CAE!O, SR.,TINGA, and

C#ICO-NAZARIO,"JJ.

THE HON. SECRETARY OF

JUSTICE and HORST%(ESSLER Pro$%&'ated:

VON SPRENGEISEN,

Respondents. No/e$=er 19, *++)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

D E C I S I O N

CALLEJO, SR., J.)

Before the Court is a petition for review on certiorariof the Decision[1]

of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. S !o. "#$$$ %is&issin' the

petition for certiorariassailin' the fin%in' of the Secretar of ustice that no
http://127.0.0.1:7860/source/2005.zip%3E5a7,df%7C2005/NOV2005/162187.htm#_ftn1http://127.0.0.1:7860/source/2005.zip%3E5a7,df%7C2005/NOV2005/162187.htm#_ftn2http://127.0.0.1:7860/source/2005.zip%3E5a7,df%7C2005/NOV2005/162187.htm#_ftn2http://127.0.0.1:7860/source/2005.zip%3E5a7,df%7C2005/NOV2005/162187.htm#_ftn1


19/65

pro*a*le cause e+ists a'ainst private respon%ent ,orst-essler on

Spren'eisen for per/ur.


20/65

The Antecedents

0n April 2 1$$#2 the Refractories Corporation of the hilippines

(RC) file% a protest *efore the Special Co&&ittee on Anti-Du&pin' of the

Depart&ent of 3inance a'ainst certain i&portations of ,a&*ur' 4ra%in'

Corporation (,4C)2 a corporation %ul or'ani5e% an% e+istin' un%er the

laws of the hilippines. 4he &atter involve% 161.7"7 tons of &a'nesite-

*ase% refractor *ric8s fro& Ger&an. [] 4he case was %oc8ete% as Anti-

Du&pin' Case !o. 9-$:.

4he protest was referre% to the Bureau of 9&port Services (B9S) of

the Depart&ent of 4ra%e an% 9n%ustr2 to %eter&ine if there was a prima

faciecase for violation of Repu*lic Act (R.A.) !o. ":; 1277 per &etric ton as the nor&al

value of the i&porte% 'oo%s. [


21/65

4he ,4C receive% a cop of the sai% report on 3e*ruar 1;2 1$$".

,owever2 *efore it coul% respon%2 the chair&an of the 4ariff Co&&ission

pro%%e% the parties to settle the &atter a&ica*l. A conference ensue%

*etween RC Senior ice resi%ent an% Assistant General >ana'er Criste

illanueva an% esus Bor'onia2 on the one han%2 an% ,4C resi%ent an%

General >ana'er ,orst-essler on Spren'eisen an% Sales >ana'er

Dennis Gon5ales2 on the other. Durin' the conference2 the parties a'ree%

that the refractor *ric8s were i&porte% * the ,4C at a price less than its

nor&al value of D> 12772 an% that such i&portation was li8el to in/ure the

local in%ustr. 4he parties also a'ree% to settle the case to avoi% e+penses

an% protracte% liti'ation. ,4C was re?uire% to refor& its price

polic@structure of its i&portation an% sale of refractor *ric8s fro&

Ger&an to confor& to the provisions of R.A. !o. ":;< an% its rules an%

re'ulations. esus Bor'onio thereafter prepare% an% si'ne% a co&pro&ise

a'ree&ent containin' the ter&s a'ree% upon which illanueva an%

Bor'onia si'ne%.[;] Bienveni%o 3lores2 an 0ffice Cler8 of RC2 %elivere%

the a'ree&ent to ,4C at the $th 3loor of Ra&on >a'sasa Center

Buil%in'2 1#:7 Ro+as Boulevar%2 >anila * on Spren'eisens approval. [6]


22/65

,owever2 on Spren'eisen %i% not si'n the a'ree&ent. Bor'onia

revise% the a'ree&ent * insertin' the phrase *ase% on the fin%in's of the

B9S in para'raph 1 thereof. illanueva an% Bor'onia si'ne% the

a'ree&ent an% ha% the sa&e %elivere% to the office of ,4C on April 2

1$$" * =ino >. Gutierre52 a technical assistant of RC. Gon5ales

receive% the a'ree&ent an% %elivere% the sa&e to on Spren'eisen. After

7 &inutes2 Gon5ales returne%2 with the a'ree&ent alrea% si'ne% * on

Spren'eisen. [#] Gon5ales2 who ha% also si'ne%2 then 'ave it to Gutierre5.

0n the sa&e %a2 !otar u*lic enai%a . De uEi'a notari5e% the

a'ree&ent.["] Gon5ales %elivere% a cop of the notari5e% A'ree&ent to

,4C.[:]

RC su*&itte% the co&pro&ise a'ree&ent to the 4ariff Co&&ission.

Durin' the >a $2 1$$" hearin' *efore the Co&&ission for the approval of

the a'ree&ent2 a representative of ,4C appeare%. ,e offere% no o*/ection

to the A'ree&ent. 4he Co&&ission su*&itte% its report to the Special

Co&&ittee which ren%ere% a %ecision %eclarin' that2 *ase% on the fin%in's

of the B9S2 the nor&al value of the i&porte% refractor *ric8s was D> 1277

per &etric ton. ,4C receive% a cop of the %ecision on >arch ;2 1$$:.

!either RC nor ,4C appeale% the %ecision to the Court of 4a+ Appeals.
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23/65

9n the &eanti&e2 ,4C i&porte% refractor *ric8s fro& Ger&an anew

an% note% that the nor&al value of the sai% i&portation un%er the %ecision

of the Special Co&&ittee *ase% on the B9S report was D> 1277 per &etric

ton. 0n ul :2 1$$:2 the ,4C file% an Fr'ent >otion to Set Asi%e an%@or

acate u%'&ent with the Special Co&&ittee on Anti-Du&pin'2 prain'

that such %ecision *e %eclare% null an% voi% on the followin' 'roun%s

1. 4,H 3RAFD ,AD BHH! C0>>944HD BI 4,H R04HS4A!4 DFR9!G

4,H !HG049A490! 30R 4,H RHARA490! 03 4,H C0>R0>9SH

AGRHH>H!4.

. 4,A4 9!SHR490!S A!D@0R SFBS494F490! 03 4,H 3AC4S !04

AGRHHD F0! JAS DH=9BHRA4H=I A!D SFRRH49490FS=I >ADH BI

4,H R04HS4A!4 9! 4,H C0>R0>9SH AGRHH>H!4 J94,0F4 4,H

!0J=HDGH A!D C0!SH!4 03 4,H R04HS4HH.[$]

4he &otion was verifie% * on Spren'eisen. 4he ,4C averre%

therein that illanueva violate% Article 1" of the Revise% enal Co%e

when he surreptitiousl inserte% the phrase *ase% on the fin%in's of the

B9S in the a'ree&ent without the 8nowle%'e an% consent of on

Spren'eisen an% %espite their a'ree&ent to put *ehin% the& the fin%in's of

the B9S. Appen%e% to the &otion was an Affi%avit of >erit e+ecute% * on
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24/65

Spren'eisen in which he alle'e%2 inter alia2 that so&eti&e in 3e*ruar

1$$"2 the B9S ca&e out with its Report %eclarin' that the nor&al value of

the &a'nesite-*ase% refractor *ric8s was D> 1277 per &etric tonK *efore


25/65

,4C coul% respon% to the report2 illanueva invite% hi& to a

conference for the purpose of fin%in' the *est solution to the pen%in' case

*efore the Co&&issionK he an% Gon5ales atten%e% the &eetin' %urin'

which it was a'ree%2 * wa of a co&pro&ise2 that the parties will accept

the a&ount of D> 12767 per &etric ton as the nor&al value for all

&a'nesite-*ase% refractor *ric8s fro& Ger&anK when he receive% the

%raft of the co&pro&ise a'ree&ent prepare% * illanueva2 he approve%

the sa&eK su*se?uentl2 illanueva trans&itte% a co&pro&ise a'ree&ent

alrea% si'ne% * hi& to on Spren'eisen for his review2 approval an%

si'natureK *elievin' that the co&pro&ise a'ree&ent repro%uce% the

contents of the first co&pro&ise a'ree&ent2 he si'ne% the secon%

a'ree&ent without rea%in' itK when he receive%2 on >arch ;2 1$$:2 a cop

of the %ecision of the 4ariff Co&&ission *ase% on the co&pro&ise

a'ree&ent of the parties wherein the co&&ittee a%opte% the fin%in's an%

reco&&en%ations of the B9S (that the nor&al value of the ship&ent was

D> 1277 per &etric ton)2 he was shoc8e% *ecause he never a'ree% to the

use of such fin%in's for the refor&ation of its price policiesK there was2 in

fact2 an a'ree&ent *etween hi& an% illanueva to put *ehin% the& the

fin%in's of the B9SK he calle% up illanueva at his office *ut faile% to contact

hi& %espite several atte&ptsK suspectin' that so&ethin' a&iss happene%2


26/65

he ha% the %raft of the first co&pro&ise a'ree&ent retrieve% *ut his

secretar faile% to locate the sa&eK it was onl so&eti&e later that his

secretar foun% the fol%er-file containin' the %raft an% was appalle% to

%iscover that illanueva ha% su*stantiall altere% the first %raft of the

co&pro&ise a'ree&entK this &a%e hi& conclu%e an% confir& his suspicion

that illanueva2 thru %eceit an% frau%2 in%uce% hi& to si'n the co&pro&ise

a'ree&ent to the pre/u%ice of the ,4C. [17]

4he RC oppose% the &otion. But2 in a parallel &ove2 illanueva2 in

his capacit as Senior ice resi%ent an% Assistant General >ana'er of

RC2 file% a cri&inal co&plaint for per/ur a'ainst on Spren'eisen in the

0ffice of the Cit rosecutor of >anila. Appen%e% thereto was a co&plaint-

affi%avit e+ecute% * illanueva wherein he %eclare%2 inter alia2 that on

Spren'eisen &a%e the followin' false state&ents in the Fr'ent >otion2

thus

a. [Co&plainant] was the one who calle% up his office2 invitin' hi& to a&eetin' for the purpose of fin%in' the *est an% &ost e?uita*le solution to the

case (p.


27/65

c. 4he ori'inal version of the Co&pro&ise A'ree&ent sent to hi& was &erel

a %raft (p. otion)K an%

e. [Co&plainant] was the one who surreptitiousl inserte% the aforesai% phrase

(p. erit

a. [Co&plainant] invite% hi& to a conference for the purpose of fin%in' the *est

solution to the caseK

*. [Co&plainant an% he] a'ree% to put *ehin% [the&] the fin%in's an%

reco&&en%ation of the B9S su*&itte% to the Secretar of 3inanceK

c. Je a'ree% to the a&ount of D> 12767@ton as the nor&al value for all

&a'nesite-*ase% refractor *ric8s fro& Ger&anK

%. 4he ori'inal version of the Co&pro&ise A'ree&ent sent to hi& was &erel a

%raftK an%

e. 4hrou'h %eceit an% frau%2 [co&plainant] in%uce% [respon%ent] to si'n the

final Co&pro&ise A'ree&ent.[1]


28/65

9n his Counter-Affi%avit2 on Spren'eisen averre% that whoever

calle% the other for a conference was not a &aterial &atter. Since the first

%raft of the Co&pro&ise A'ree&ent trans&itte% to hi& was * fa+2 he

as8e% the co&plainant to sen% to hi& the har% cop of the A'ree&ent for

his si'nature. ,e further narrate% that when he receive% the har% cop of

the co&pro&ise a'ree&ent2 he %i% not *other to review since he assu&e%

that it containe% the sa&e provisions in the fa+e% cop. ,e %i% not su''est

that the phrase *ase% on the fin%in's of the B9S *e inserte% in the har%

cop of the a'ree&ent *ecause he an% illanueva were at o%%s on the B9S

fin%in' the nor&al price of the 'oo%s was D> 1277 per &etric ton. ,e

insiste% that it woul% have *een senseless of hi& to a'ree to such

insertionK as such2 he %i% not &a8e an willful an% %eli*erate assertion of

an falsehoo% as to an &aterial fact. [1


29/65

cause for per/ur a'ainst the private respon%ent for alle'in' in his Affi%avit

of >erit


30/65

that he was in%uce% to si'n the co&pro&ise a'ree&ent throu'h frau%

an% %eceit. Accor%in' to the Secon% Assistant Cit rosecutor2 the

alle'ation of the private respon%ent thru %eceit an% frau% to si'n the final

Co&pro&ise A'ree&ent was a %eli*erate assertion of a falsehoo%2

%esi'ne% as it was &erel to 'ive the B9S the i&pression that private

respon%ent was &isle% into a'reein' to the co&pro&ise a'ree&ent. She

further opine% that the alle'ation was per/urious2 consi%erin' that the

private respon%ent ha% sufficient ti&e to pass upon the Co&pro&ise

A'ree&ent an% coul% have availe% the services of le'al &in%s who coul%

review the ter&s an% con%itions thereof *efore si'nin' the sa&eK [1;]hence2

she reco&&en%e% the reversal of rosecutor Supnets resolution an% the

filin' of the infor&ation. 4he Cit rosecutor approve% the

reco&&en%ation of the Secon% Assistant Cit rosecutor. Accor%in'l2 an

9nfor&ation for per/ur was file% a'ainst the private respon%ent with the

>etropolitan 4rial Court of >anila.

4he private respon%ent appeale% the resolution to the Secretar of

ustice2 who reverse% the resolution of the Cit rosecutor on Septe&*er

72 77. Accor%in' to the ustice Secretar2 the co&plainant faile% to

esta*lish the &aterialit of the alle'e% false assertions an% that the sai%


31/65

assertions were willful an% %eli*erate. >oreover2 the alle'ations in the

Affi%avit of >erit are not alto'ether false since the intention of the parties in

e+ecutin' the co&pro&ise a'ree&ent was precisel to put *ehin% the

rulin' of the B9S2 %espite which the co&plainant inserte% the con%ition that

the parties woul% *e *oun% * such fin%in's an% reco&&en%ations.[16] 4he

%ecretal portion of the resolution rea%s

J,HRH30RH2 the appeale% resolution of the Cit rosecutor of >anila

is here* RHHRSHD. 4he Cit rosecutor is %irecte% to with%raw the

infor&ation for per/ur a'ainst respon%ent ,orst-essler von Spren'eisen an% to

report the action ta8en within ten (17) %as fro& receipt hereof.

S0 0RDHRHD.[1#]

illanueva then file% a petition for certiorariwith the CA assailin' the

resolution of the ustice Secretar2 alle'in' therein that 'rave a*use of

%iscretion2 a&ountin' to e+cess or lac8 of /uris%iction2 was co&&itte% in

issuin' the sai% resolution.[1"] 4he private respon%ent2 for his part2 sou'ht

the %is&issal of the petition alle'in' that2 as foun% * the ustice Secretar2

there was no pro*a*le cause a'ainst hi& for per/ur.[1:]
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32/65

0n 3e*ruar 1 12767 was not &entione% in

the first co&pro&ise a'ree&ent an% that2 un%er such a'ree&ent2 the ,4C

o*li'e% itself to refor&


33/65

its pricin' polic an% structure with respect to refractor pro%ucts

*ein' i&porte% to an% sol% in the hilippines in accor%ance with the

provisions of R.A. !o. ":;< an% its i&ple&entin' rules an% re?uire&ents.

4he CA e&phasi5e% that it was incline% to *elieve that there was no

&eetin' of the &in%s of the parties when the petitioner inserte% the phrase

*ase% on the fin%in's of the B9S in the revise% co&pro&ise a'ree&entK

hence2 there coul% not have *een per/ur when the private respon%ent

e+ecute% the Affi%avit of >erit an% the Fr'ent >otion to Set Asi%e an%@or

acate u%'&ent. 4he CA also a'ree% with the fin%in's of the Secretar of

ustice that the insertion of the con%ition in the co&pro&ise a'ree&ent that

the parties woul% *e *oun% * the B9S fin%in's an% reco&&en%ation 'ave

the private respon%ent reason to *elieve that he was %eceive% * the

petitioner into si'nin' the A'ree&entK as such2 the private respon%ents

alle'ation in his Affi%avit of >erit2 that he was in%uce% to si'nin' the

Co&pro&ise A'ree&ent throu'h frau% an% %eceit2 was not alto'ether

false. Conse?uentl2 the CA rule%2 the private respon%ent %i% not &a8e

an willful an% %eli*erate assertion of a falsehoo%. [7] 4he appellate court

confor&e% to the %is?uisitions of the Secretar of ustice in the assaile%

resolution an% conclu%e% that the private respon%ent %i% not2 in the Affi%avit

of >erit2 &a8e a willful an% %eli*erate assertion of a falsehoo%. [1]


34/65

A''rieve%2 the petitioner file% a petition for review on certiorariwith

this Court a'ainst private respon%ent on Spren'eisen an% the Secretar

of ustice2 insistin' that the CA co&&itte% 'rave a*use of %iscretion

a&ountin' to e+cess or lac8 of /uris%iction in %is&issin' the petition an%

affir&in' the assaile% resolution.

4he petitioner &aintains that2 %urin' the preli&inar investi'ation2 he

a%%uce% su*stantial evi%ence to prove pro*a*le cause for per/ur a'ainst

the private respon%ent. ,e &aintains that pro*a*le cause %oes not &ean

actual an% positive causesK nor %oes it i&port a*solute certaint. 9t is

&erel *ase% on opinion an% reasona*le *elief. 9t is enou'h that it is

*elieve% that the act or o&ission co&plaine% of constitutes the offense

char'e%. ,e avers that2 contrar to the clai& of the private respon%ent in

his Affi%avit of >erit2 the &eetin' *etween hi& an% esus Bor'onio2 on the

one han%2 an% the private respon%ent an% ,4C Sales >ana'er Dennis

Gon5ales2 on the other2 was arran'e% * the latter an% not * hi&. As

'leane% fro& the %raft an% final copies of the co&pro&ise a'ree&ent2 the

parties &a%e e+press reference to theprima facie fin%in's of the B9S that

the actual e+port price of ,4C was *elow the fair &ar8et value. B


35/65

a'reein' that such fin%in's of the B9S *e inclu%e% in the Co&pro&ise

A'ree&ent2 the sai% private respon%ent i&plie%l a'ree% to such fin%in's

as *asis of the price for which ,4C woul% sell the Ger&an-&a%e

&a'nesite-*ase% refractor *ric8s in the hilippines. 4he petitioner avers

that the fact that the a&ount of D> 12767 per &etric ton was not specificall

&entione% in the co&pro&ise a'ree&ent was of no i&portance2

consi%erin' the parties acceptance of such fin%in's is *ase% on R.A. !o.

":;oreover2 the Fr'ent >otion to Set Asi%e an%@or acate u%'&ent si'ne%

* the private respon%ent was file% &ore than 16 &onths fro& the

e+ecution of the co&pro&ise a'ree&ent an% after four &onths fro& the

4ariff Co&&issions approval thereof.

4he petitioner ar'ues that it is incre%i*le that %urin' the interregnum

of 1$ &onths2 the private respon%ent faile% to %iscover the

revisions@insertions in the final %raft of the co&pro&ise a'ree&ent.


36/65

Consi%erin' the pre&ises2 the petitioner su*&its2 the private respon%ents

filin' of the Fr'ent >otion for an% in *ehalf of ,4C was &erel an

afterthou'ht2 to ena*le the latter to escape co&pliance with the ter&s an%

con%itions of the A'ree&ent.

4he petitioner further insists that the insertion of the conteste%

phrase in the final %raft of the co&pro&ise a'ree&ent was necessar

althou'h it &a not *e in the *est interest of ,4C. ,e posits that the

falsehoo%s &a%e * the private respon%ent in his Fr'ent >otion an%

Affi%avit of >erit were &aterial to the procee%in's in the Anti-Du&pin'

0ffice of the 4ariff Co&&ission *ecause these were use% to set asi%e the

co&pro&ise a'ree&ent e+ecute% * the parties.

9n his Co&&ent on the petition2 the private respon%ent avers that the

issues raise% * the petitioner are factual2 hence2 i&proper in a petition for


37/65

review on certiorariun%er Rule ;6 of the Rules of Court. 4he %eter&ination

of the e+istence of a pro*a*le cause is pri&aril an a%&inistrative sanction

of the Secretar of ustice. ,e insists that the fin%in's of the ustice

Secretar shoul% *e accor%e% 'reat respect2 especiall since the sa&e

were uphel% * the CA. ,e asserts that the petitioner faile% to esta*lish in

the CA an% in this Court that the ustice Secretar co&&itte% a 'rave

a*use of %iscretion a&ountin' to e+cess or lac8 of /uris%iction in her

resolution.

4he petition has no &erit.

4he pivotal issue in this case is factual L whether or not2 *ase% on the

recor%s2 there was pro*a*le cause for the private respon%ents in%ict&ent

for per/ur.

Rule ;6 of the Rules of Court provi%es that onl ?uestions of fact &a

*e raise% in a petition for review on certiorari. 3in%in's of facts of a ?uasi-

/u%icial a'enc2 as affir&e% * the CA2 are 'enerall conclusive on the

Court2 unless co'ent facts an% circu&stances of such a nature warrantin'

the &o%ification or reversal of the assaile% %ecision were i'nore%2


38/65

&isun%erstoo% or &isinterprete%. 4hus2 the Court &a %elve into an%

resolve factual issues in e+ceptional cases. 4he petitioner has faile% to

esta*lish that an such circu&stance is present in the case at *ar. []


39/65

4he Court fin%s that the pu*lic respon%ent %i% not co&&it an 'rave

a*use of %iscretion a&ountin' to e+cess or lac8 of /uris%iction in issuin' the

assaile% resolution2 an% that the CA %i% not co&&it an reversi*le error in

its assaile% %ecision an% resolution. 9f at all the pu*lic respon%ent erre% in

issuin' the assaile% resolution2 such is &erel an error in the e+ercise of

/uris%iction2 reversi*le * a petition for review un%er Rule ;< of the Rules of

Court especiall so where2 as in this case2 the issues *efore the CA were

factual an% not le'al. 4he a*sence or e+istence of pro*a*le cause in a

'iven case involves a cali*ration an% a ree+a&ination of the evi%ence

a%%uce% * the parties *efore the 0ffice of the Cit rosecutor of >anila

an% the pro*ative wei'ht thereof. 4he CA thus rule% correctl when it

%is&isse% the petition *efore it.

ro*a*le cause2 for purposes of filin' a cri&inal infor&ation2 has

*een %efine% as such facts as are sufficient to en'en%er a well-foun%e%

*elief that a cri&e has *een co&&itte% an% that the private respon%ent is

pro*a*l 'uilt thereof. 9t is such a state of facts in the &in% of the

prosecutor as woul% lea% a person of or%inar caution an% pru%ence to

*elieve or entertain an honest or stron' suspicion that a thin' is so. 4he


40/65

ter& %oes not &ean actual or positive causeK nor %oes it i&port a*solute

certaint. 9t is &erel *ase% on opinion an% reasona*le *elief. 4hus2 a

fin%in' of pro*a*le cause %oes not re?uire an in?uir into whether there is

sufficient evi%ence to procure a conviction. 9t is enou'h that it is *elieve%

that the act or o&ission co&plaine% of constitutes the offense char'e%.

recisel2 there is a trial for the reception of evi%ence of the prosecution in

support of the char'e.[


41/65

Art. 1:


42/65

er/ur is the willful an% corrupt assertion of a falsehoo% un%er oath

or affir&ation a%&inistere% * authorit of law on a &aterial &atter. [$] 4he

ele&ents of the felon are

(a) 4hat the accuse% &a%e a state&ent un%er oath or e+ecute% an

affi%avit upon a &aterial &atter.

(*) 4hat the state&ent or affi%avit was &a%e *efore a co&petent

officer2 authori5e% to receive an% a%&inister oath.

(c) 4hat in that state&ent or affi%avit2 the accuse% &a%e a willful an%

%eli*erate assertion of a falsehoo%.

(%) 4hat the sworn state&ent or affi%avit containin' the falsit is

re?uire% * law or &a%e for a le'al purpose. [


43/65

ina%vertent acts.[


44/65

A conviction for per/ur cannot *e sustaine% &erel upon the

contra%ictor sworn state&ents of the accuse%. 4he prosecution &ust

prove which of the two state&ents is false an% &ust show the state&ent to

*e false * other evi%ence than the contra%ictin' state&ent.[


45/65

wei'he% in ter&s of potentialit rather than pro*a*ilit. [;7] 4he prosecution

nee% not prove that the false testi&on actuall influence% the

Co&&ission.[;1]

4he private respon%ent %i% err when he %eclare%2 in the &otion of the

,4C an% his affi%avit2 that it was the petitioner who invite% hi& to a


46/65

conference. 4he truth of the &atter is that it was Gon5ales who %i% so.

!onetheless2 the issue of who calle% for a conference is of de minimis

i&portance *ecause2 after all2 the parties a'ree% to &eet after havin' *een

pro%%e% * the Chair&an of the Co&&ission to settle the case instea% of

'oin' throu'h the tri*ulations an% e+penses of a protracte% liti'ation. !o

a%verse inference (relate% to the &erits of their respective contention in this

case) can *e ascri*e% as to whoever calle% the conference. After all2

parties are even ur'e% to settle cases a&ica*l.

Besi%es2 as correctl %eclare% * the Secon% Assistant Cit

rosecutor in her resolution

4he alle'ation that it was co&plainant who invite% respon%ent to the

&eetin' &a not *e a %eli*erate lie. Respon%ent &a not have 8nown who

arran'e% the &eetin'2 *ut as he was a*le to tal8 to co&plainant2 he presu&e%

that it was co&plainant who e+ten%e% the invitation. >oreover2 the i%entit of the

one who initiate% the &eetin' is not &aterial consi%erin' that there was a

&eetin' of the &in%s of the arties.[;]

4he Court also a'rees with the contention of the private respon%ent

that the cop of the first a'ree&ent trans&itte% to hi& was a fa+ cop of the

%raft2 an% that2 contrar to the alle'ations of the private respon%ent2 such


47/65

a'ree&ent was prepare% * Bor'onia an% not * the petitioner. As

'leane% fro& pa'e two of the a'ree&ent2 the particulars of the resi%ence

certificates of the petitioner an% the private respon%ent were not

tpewritten2 hence2 cannot as et *e notari5e%. As clai&e% * the private

respon%ent2 a cop was trans&itte% to hi& for his personal review2 an% if

he foun% it to *e in or%er2 the petitioner an% Bor'onia woul% prepare an%

si'n the a'ree&ent an% 'ive it *ac8 to hi& for review an% si'nature2 with

the particulars of his co&&unit ta+ certificate in%icate% in the final cop.

Fn%enia*l2 the i%entit of the person who prepare% or cause% to

prepare the co&pro&ise a'ree&ent su*se?uentl si'ne% * the petitioner

an% the private respon%ent was of pri&e i&portance because only such

person should be charged for perjury. 4he private respon%ent erroneousl

state% in his Affi%avit of >erit an% Fr'ent >otion that it was the petitioner

who prepare% the a'ree&ent that was si'ne% * the parties. 9t turne% out

that it was Bor'onia who prepare% the first an% the secon% copies.

,owever2 the private respon%ent cannot *e hel% lia*le for per/ur since it

was Bor'onia who prepare% the a'ree&ent an% not the petitioner. 4he

Court a'rees with the followin' contention of the private respon%ent in his

counter-affi%avit


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;.# Jhile co&plainant clai&s that it was not he *ut >r. Bor'onia who &a%e the

insertions2 there is no %ou*t that2 in%ee%2 the insertions were &a%e into the

%ocu&ent. Since co&plainant is the si'nator to the Co&pro&ise

A'ree&ent2 it is *ut natural for one to presu&e that he ha% &a%e theinsertions. At the sa&e ti&e2 9 can not *e e+pecte% to 8now that it was >r.

Bor'onia2 as clai&e% * co&plainant2 who &a%e such insertions.[;ana'e&ent

9nfor&ation Group of RC2 whereas the petitioner was no less than its

Senior ice resi%ent an% Assistant General >ana'er2 Bor'onias

superior. Fnless an% until approve% * the petitioner2 an a'ree&ent

prepare% * Bor'onia was &erel a piece of paper2 *arren of an le'al

effect. 9n this case2 the co&pro&ise a'ree&ent prepare% * Bor'onia ha%

the petitioners


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imprimatur. Bor'onia was &erel a witness to the a'ree&ent. 3or all

le'al intents an% purposes2 the petitioner ha% the co&pro&ise a'ree&ent

prepare% un%er his supervision an% control. 9t cannot thus *e conclu%e%

that the private respon%ent &a%e a %eli*erate falsehoo% when he alle'e%

that the a'ree&ent was prepare% * the petitioner.

4he Court is not persua%e% * the petitioners clai& that2 %urin' the

conference2 he an% the private respon%ent a'ree% that2 *ase% on the B9S

report2 the nor&al value of the i&porte% refractor *ric8s per &etric ton was

D> 12772 an% that such report woul% *e use% as *asis for the revision of

the price polic an% structure of ,4C.

9t *ears stressin' that2 %urin' the conference2 the petitioner an% the

private respon%ent ha% a'ree% on three aspects of the case (1) *ase% on

theprima faciefin%in's of the B9S2 the nor&al value of the 'oo%s per &eter

ton was D> 1277 an% that the actual e+port price of ,4C was *elow the

fair &ar8et valueK () to ter&inate the case2 ,4C will have to a%/ust an%

revise its price polic an% structure for i&porte% refractor *ric8s to confor&

to R.A. !o. ":;< an% rules an% re'ulations i&ple&entin' the lawK an% (


50/65

writ of e+ecution without nee% of %e&an%. ,owever2 the petitioner an% the

private respon%ent coul% not have a'ree% on such *ase priceK the

petitioner insiste% on the a&ount reco&&en%e% * the B9S (D> 1277)

while the private respon%ent insiste% on D> $67. 4here was an i&passe.

B wa of a co&pro&ise2 the parties a'ree% to %o awa with the B9S

reco&&en%e% *ase


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value an% a'ree% for ,4C to *ase the nor&al value of the i&portation

per &etric ton un%er R.A. !o. ":;< an% the rules issue% i&ple&entin' the

law. 4his is 'leane% fro& the affi%avit of Bor'onia

1r. von Spren'eisen su''este% that the

value of D> 12767@ton *e applie% as the price at which ,a&*ur' 4ra%in' woul%

sell Ger&an-&a%e &a'nesite-*ase% refractor *ric8s in the hilippines. >r.

illanueva %i% not a'ree to the su''este% value2 as we consi%ere% it low. 9n the

en%2 *oth parties %eci%e% to *ase the %eter&ination of the price on the provisions

of Repu*lic Act !o. ":;< an% its i&ple&entin' rules an% re'ulations. M[;;]

Bor'onia prepare% the first co&pro&ise a'ree&ent an% incorporate%

therein the a'ree&ent of the petitioner an% the private respon%ent arrive%

at %urin' the conference2 thus

1. 3or the purpose of *uin' peace an% * wa of concession in or%er to en%

liti'ation2 the SHC0!D AR4I un%erta8es an% co&&its to refor& its pricin'

polic an% structure with respect to refractor pro%ucts *ein' i&porte%

interest sol% in the hilippines in accor%ance with the provisions of Repu*lic

Act ":;< an% its i&ple&entin' rules an% re'ulations.[;6]

9f2 as clai&e% * the petitioner in his Affi%avit-Co&plaint2 he an% the

private respon%ent ha% a'ree% that ,4C will use as *asis for its price polic

an% structural revision2 the B9S report2 for sure2 Bor'onia woul% have


52/65

incorporate% the sai% a'ree&ent in the first co&pro&ise a'ree&ent. ,e

%i% not2 an% Bor'onia has not offere% an e+planation for such failure. 4he

petitioner si'ne% the %raft of the a'ree&ent without an plaint or revision. 9t

was onl in the secon% co&pro&ise a'ree&ent that was later si'ne% * the

petitioner an% the private respon%ent that Bor'onia incorporate% the phrase


53/65

*ase% on the fin%in's of the B9S. Bor'onia an% the petitioner &a%e

the insertion on their own2 without the a priori consent of the private

respon%ent.

4he Court is not convince% * the petitioners contention (an% that of

Bor'onia in his Affi%avit) that the petitioner an% the private respon%ent ha%

a'ree% to leave the final %eter&ination of the *ase value or price of

i&portation per &etric ton to a thir% part (B9S). 4he private respon%ent

coul% not have a'ree% to the use of the B9S report *ecause2 as &entione%2

he ha% strenuousl o*/ecte% to its use as *asis for the revision of its price

polic an% structure. 3or ,4C to a%&it that the B9S fin%in' of D> 1277 per

&etric ton was the nor&al value of the refractor *ric8s fro& Ger&an for

the purpose of resolvin' the anti-%u&pin' case is one thin'K *ut for ,4C to

a'ree to *e *oun% * the B9S reco&&en%ation for the purpose of revisin'

its price polic an% structure is co&pletel a %ifferent &atter.

Jith the petitioner an% the private respon%ents a%&ission of the

prima facie fin%in's of the B9S2 the Co&&ission can prepare its

reco&&en%ation to the Special Co&&ittee on the protest of the RC to the

,4C i&portation su*/ect of the case. 4hereafter


54/65

D. 4he Special Co&&ittee shall2 within fifteen (16) %as after receipt

of the report of the Co&&ission2 %eci%e whether the article in ?uestion is *ein'

i&porte% in violation of this section an% shall 'ive %ue notice of such %ecision. 9n

case the %ecision of %u&pin' is in the affir&ative2 the special co&&ittee shall%irect the Co&&issioner of Custo&s to cause the %u&pin' %ut2 to *e levie%2

collecte% an% pai%2 as prescri*e% in this section2 in a%%ition to an other %uties2

ta+es an% char'es i&pose% * law on such article2 an% on the articles of the

sa&e specific 8in% or class su*se?uentl i&porte% un%er si&ilar circu&stances

co&in' fro& the specific countr.


55/65

9n the event that the Special Co&&ittee fails to %eci%e within the perio%

prescri*e% herein2 the reco&&en%ation of the Co&&ission shall *e %ee&e%

approve% an% shall *e final an% e+ecutor.[;#]

0n the &atter of the revision or a%/ust&ent of the price polic an%

structure of ,4C2 the parties ha% a'ree% to acco&plish the sa&e in %ue

ti&e. 9t 'oes without sain' that the RC retaine% the ri'ht to o*/ect to or

protest to the price polic an% structure revision of ,4C.

4he a'ree&ent of the petitioner an% the private respon%ent not to *e

*oun% * the *ase value in the B9S report for the revision of its price polic

an% structure is not une+pecte% *ecause (1) the fin%in's of the B9S are

onlprima facie2 &eanin' to sa2 not conclusive2 an% ,4C was accor%e% a

chance to *ase its price polic an% structure on evi%ence an% infor&ations

other than those containe% in the B9S reportK () the nor&al value of the

i&porte% refractor *ric8s &a fluctuate fro& ti&e to ti&e2 hence2 the nee%

for an i&porter to revise its price polic an% structure fro& ti&e to ti&eK

an% (


56/65

4he process a'ree% upon * the petitioner an% the private

respon%ent was not onl practical an% fair2 *ut in accor% with law as well.

9n fine2 the private respon%ent %i% not co&&it an falsehoo% in the

Fr'ent >otion an% his Affi%avit of >erit when he %eclare% that he an% the


57/65

petitioner put *ehin% the& the B9S report2 an% a'ree% to use R.A. !o.

":;< an% the rules an% re'ulations i&ple&entin' the sa&e to %eter&ine

the *ase price for the revision of the price polic an% structure of ,4C.

A%&itte%l2 the respon%ent %i% not o*/ect to the offen%in' phrase

*efore an% after si'nin' the a'ree&ent an% for a consi%era*le stretch

perio% until ,4C file% its &otion. ,owever2 we %o not a'ree with the

contention of the petitioner that such failure of the respon%ent to o*/ect to

the offen%in' phrase for such perio% of ti&e a&ounte% to an a%&ission

that2 in%ee%2 the private respon%ent was aware of the offen%in' phrase in

the A'ree&ent2 an% to his a'ree&ent theretoK an% estoppe% the private

respon%ent fro& alle'in' that he was %eceive% * the petitioner into si'nin'

the Co&pro&ise A'ree&ent. 9n his appeal to the D02 the private

respon%ent %eclare% that

r. Bor'onia woul% &a8e such an insertion2

especiall after respon%ent-appellant ha% accepte% the fa+ Co&pro&ise

A'ree&ent wor%in' an% convee% such acceptance to co&plainant-appellees

office. Respon%ent-appellant also ha% to reason to even thin8 that such a

surreptitious insertion woul% *e &a%eK after all2 he ha% a ver war& an% frien%l


58/65

&eetin' with co&plainant-appellee an% >r. Bor'onia an% ca&e out of it with a

feelin' that he coul% trust co&plainant-appellee (p. ;2 Anne+ C).


59/65

insertions or wor%in' %ifferent fro& the fa+ Co&pro&ise A'ree&ent2 an%

on respon%ent-appellants un%erstan%in' that the wor%in' of the har% cop

Co&pro&ise A'ree&ent woul% *e e+actl the sa&e as the fa+ Co&pro&ise

A'ree&ent2 constitutes the frau% or %eceit alle'e%l * respon%ent-appellant.[;"]

9n his re/oin%er-affi%avit2 the private respon%ent e+plaine% that

. A'ain2 contrar to the alle'ations in the Repl-Affi%avits2 9 was una*le to

review the Co&pro&ise A'ree&ent %elivere% * >r. Gutierre5 on April

1$$" as 9 was *us with nu&erous calls an% *usiness at the ti&e it was

%elivere%. Also2 9 ha% *een le% to *elieve in our &eetin's with >r.illanueva an% >r. Bor'onia that 9 coul% trust the&. So2 after havin' seen

the fa+ Co&pro&ise A'ree&ent an% *ein' a&ena*le to it2 9 truste% that the

woul% sen% a 'enuine har% cop. As it turne% out2 9 was &ista8en.[;:]

>oreover2 even *efore filin' the Fr'ent >otion an% si'nin' the

Affi%avit of >erit2 the private respon%ent trie% for several ti&es to contact

the petitioner2 *ut the latter faile% to return his calls. 4his reinforce% the

suspicion of the private respon%ent that the insertion of the offen%in'

phrase was not2 after all2 ina%vertent *ut %eli*erate2 calculate% to %eceive

hi& to the pre/u%ice of ,4C. 4he private respon%ent &a *e *la&e% for

puttin' too &uch trust an% confi%ence on the petitioner2 *ut he certainl

cannot *e in%icte% for per/ur for lac8 of pro*a*le cause.


60/65

4he petitioner faile% to appen% to his petition recor%s of the

Co&&ission that the private respon%ent appeare% for ,4C2 on >a $2

1$$"2 *efore the Co&&ission for the hearin' on the Co&pro&ise

A'ree&entK an% showin' that the private respon%ent %i% not o*/ect thereto.


61/65

IN LIGHT OF ALL THE FOREGOING2 the petition is DENIEDfor lac8

of &erit. 4he assaile% Decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. S !o.

"#$$$ is AFFIRMED. Costs a'ainst the petitioner.

SO ORDERED.

ROMEO J. CALLEJO, SR.

Asso(iate !%sti(e

HE CONCUR:

REYNATO S. PUNO

Asso(iate !%sti(e

Chair$an

MA. ALICIA AUSTRIA%MARTINEZ DANTE O. TINGA

Asso(iate !%sti(e Asso(iate !%sti(e

On &ea/eMINITA V. CHICO%NAZARIO

Associate ustice


62/65

A T T E S T A T I O N

9 attest that the conclusions in the a*ove Decision were reache% in

consultation *efore the case was assi'ne% to the writer of the opinion of the

Courts Division.

REYNATO S. PUNO

Associate ustice

Chair&an2 Secon% Division

C E R T I F I C A T I O N

ursuant to Section 1


63/65

HILARIO G. DAVIDE, JR.

Chief ustice

* On leave.[1] Penned b !""#$%a&e '("&%$e !nd)e" . +ee", ')., -%& !""#$%a&e '("&%$e" (enaven&()a '. /(e))e)#

and +ealad# E. aab#n, $#n$())%n Rollo,. 28!44.[2] Se$&%#n 3 # +e(bl%$ !$& N#. 7843 )ead" SEC. 3. Se$&%#n 301, Pa)& 2, %&le II, ## I # &e a)% and C("" C#de # &e P%l%%ne", a"aended, %" e)eb ()&e) aended )ead a" #ll#-"

:SEC. 301. Dumping Duty.; :!.


64/65

&e aen& # "($ d(&%e", ee" and $a)e" % a d(%n $a"e %" e"&abl%"ed. I &e )#&e"& %"d%"%""ed, &e $a" de#"%& "all be )e&()ned &e %#)&e) -%&%n &en >10A da" )# &e %nal%& #&e #)de).H e la- a" been aended b +e(bl%$ !$& N#. 8752, #&e)-%"e n#-n a" &e !n&%D(%n

!$& # 1999.[3] Rollo,. 113.[4] Rollo,. 4546.[5] Id. a& 80.[6] Id. a& 7879.[7] Id. a& 4748.[8] Id. a& 64.[9] Rollo,. 49.[10]Rollo,. 5556.[11]Id. a& 6667.[12]Rollo, . 67.[13]Id. a& 7177.[14]Rollo,. 8788.[15]Rollo, . 116.[16]Ibid.[17]Id. a& 123136.[18]Id. a& 137146.[19]Id. a& 2844.[20]Rollo,. 4243.[21]Ibid.[](1) M the conclusion is a fin%in' 'roun%e% entirel on speculation2 sur&ise an% con/ectureK () the

inference &a%e is &anifestl &ista8enK (1973A $%&%n S&(d # Pe)(), )e)%n&ed %n +e#)& # Ne- J#) +ev%"%#nC#%""%#n, Ke%", D#$. N#. 60, . 249 >1935A.[28]Bron!ton v. $."., !upra.[29]$.". v. E!tra&a,16 P%l. 520 >1910A.

[30]Dia' v. (eople of t)e ()ilippine!,/.+. N#. 65006, 31 O$be) 1990, 191 SC+! 86.[31](adua v. (a',!.. N#. P001445, 30 !)%l 2003, 402 SC+! 21.[32](eople v. Abaya,74 P%l. 59 >1942A.[33]*elc) v. "tate,157 S.1967A $.". v. Bergman,354 =.2d931 >1966A $.". v. elly,540 =.2d 990 >1976A.[38]$.". v. Capi!trano,40 P%l. 902 >1920A.
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[39](eople v. McClintic,160 N.1916A.[40]$.". v. Berardi,629 =.2d 723 >1980A.[41]$.". v. Lococo,450 =.2d 1196 >1971A.[42]Rollo,. 87.[43]Rollo,. 76.[44]Rollo,. 64.[45]Id. a& 45.[46]Se$&%#n 301 # &e a)% and C("" C#de a" aended b +e(bl%$ !$& N#. 7843.[47]Rollo,. 9899.[48]Id. a& 81.

Supreme Court E-Library
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