June Exam Study Guide -...
Transcript of June Exam Study Guide -...
Secondary 4 History of Quebec and Canada
June Exam
Study Guide LaurenHill Academy
Name: __________________
This study guide includes:
1. A list of summary questions to guide student’s understanding - based
on the precisions of learning in the History of Quebec and Canada
program.
2. A summary of the social aspects characterizing each time period:
1945-1980 and 1980-Present.
Chapter 3: The modernization of Québec and the Quiet Revolution
International Relations
1. What were the two opposing ideologies during the Cold War?
2. How did the Cold War impact government intervention in the North of Canada?
3. How did government intervention in the Arctic impact Inuit communities?
Duplessis Era
1. What dates are associated with the Duplessis era?
2. Does Duplessis support economic liberalism or Keynesianism? Explain.
3. Was Duplessis socially conservative or progressive? Explain.
4. What is provincial autonomy? How did Duplessis advocate for it?
5. Describe the role of the Church during the Duplessis era.
6. Which groups opposed Duplessis? What ideology did they defend? How did they
share their ideas?
Quiet Revolution
1. When does the Quiet revolution begin?
2. What new economic and social measures were implemented under Lesage?
3. How did government intervention change during this time period?
4. Provide examples of how the government became more secularized during this
time?
5. Which law was put in place to defend the rights and freedoms of citizens?
6. Which measures were put in place to protect the French language?
7. Why did the French language need ‘protecting’?
8. Which new government departments were created?
9. What is the name given to state-owned corporations?
10. Name two cities where Quebec had foreign delegations. Why was this important?
Canadian Federation
1. Identify some federal social programs that were implemented throughout the
1950s and 1960s.
2. What was the purpose of the Laurendeau-Dunton Commission?
3. What federal law was passed in order to address the inequalities between
French and English speakers in Canada? Which Prime-Minister passed this law?
4. Why did Trudeau want to enter into constitutional negotiations with the
provinces?
Neo-nationalism
1. How were neo-nationalists in Quebec inspired by the decolonization movements
around the world?
2. How did neo-nationalism different from French-Canadian nationalism?
3. What did the indépendantiste/séparatiste movement advocate?
4. Which political parties defended the interests of neo-nationalists in Quebec?
Natural Growth
1. Compare the birth rate in Quebec, before and after 1960.
2. What is the name given to the period of natural growth between 1945 and 1960?
3. How does the birth rate of indigenous populations compare to that of non-
indigenous populations in the late 20th century?
New Arrivals
1. Compare the origin of immigrants before and after 1970? How did it change?
2. With the creation of the Ministère de l’immigration du Québec, how did Quebec’s
selection process for immigrants change?
3. How is a refugee different from an immigrant?
4. Which group of refugees were welcomed into Canada during the 1970s?
Consumer Society
1. During which time period did Quebec experience a rise in the influence of
American culture?
2. How did advertising impact consumerism?
3. Why did consumerism increase during the 1950s and 1960s?
Regional Development
1. What measures were put in place by Duplessis in order to modernize
agriculture?
2. Which natural resources were exploited in the Nouveau Québec and Côte-Nord
regions?
3. Where, on a map, are the Nouveau Québec and Côte-Nord regions located?
Urban Expansion
1. What name is given to the new areas that developed on the outskirts of the
cities?
2. What factors encouraged urban sprawl?
3. How was the construction of new infrastructures funded during the 1960s?
Feminism
1. What political gains were made by women during the 1960s? When?
2. What law was passed that gave women more economic independence? When?
3. Which law was passed that gave women more sexual and reproductive rights?
When?
4. How did women achieve these gains?
5. How did the type of work done by women change during this time period (1945-
1980)?
Residential Schools in Québec
1. Where were residential schools located?
2. What did students learn in residential schools?
3. How did residential schools impact indigenous languages?
4. Which group was responsible for running the residential schools?
5. Who provided the funding for residential schools?
Socio-cultural vitality
1. What did the government do in order to encourage the development of
Quebecois culture?
2. Which cultural venues were created to promote the arts?
3. Name some famous Québécois artists from the 1960s and 1970s.
Self-determination of Indigenous nations
1. What change did the government try to make to the Indian Act? Why did it fail?
2. What were the political demands of indigenous nations?
3. Explain the system of governance of indigenous communities.
4. What important gains were made by the Cree and Inuit due to the James Bay and
Northern Quebec Agreement?
Employer-Union Relations
1. Describe the change that occurred in the unionization of state employees after
1960. Why did this change occur?
2. How did Duplessis react to unions going on strike?
3. Identify one important conflict that occurred between unions and employers.
4. What is the common front? Who participated? What was the government’s
reaction to the declaration of an unlimited strike?
5. What actions were taken by unions in order to have their demands met?
Cultural (1945-60)
Key words
Describe clericalism:
Ideology
Clericalism
Social-
conservatism
Secularism
Americanism
Describe the influence of American culture in Quebec:
An invention allowed for the spread of American culture:
Groups in society that opposed Duplessis:
Ideology associated with Duplessis’ opponents:
Describe secularism:
Explain Duplessis’ social conservatism
Economic (1945-1960)
Key words
Describe economic liberalism:
Economic
Liberalism
Keynesianism
Modernization
of agriculture
Industries
Natural
resources
Origin of
capital
Markets
Consumerism
Describe Keynesianism:
Attempts at modernization made by Duplessis:
Main natural resources being exploited in the Cote-Nord and Nouveau Quebec regions
Origin of capital investment:
1945-1960 : The Duplessis Era
Political (1945-1960)
Key words
Dates of the Cold War: Cold War
Provincial
autonomy
Equalization
system
Provincial
Income Tax
Federal-
provincial
relations
Two main countries in opposition during the Cold War:
Canada’s participation on the Cold War:
Political party in power:
Describe Duplessis’ reaction of the Equalization system put in place by the federal government:
Measure put in place by Duplessis to increase provincial autonomy:
Social (1945-60) Key words
Origins of Immigrants:
Natural
growth
Baby-Boom
Padlock Law
Consumerism
Main factor of population growth:
Name of period of population growth:
Duplessis’ reaction to asbestos strike
Law passed by Duplessis to control unions:
Factors leading to the emergence of a consumer society:
Territorial (1945-1960)
Key words
New regions developed during this time:
Territory
Rural/Regional
development
Causes of regional development:
Social (1960-80) Key words
Impact of the immigration act in 1967:
Natural
growth
Birth rate
Refugees
Consumer
society
Cultural
diversity
Level of
education
Unionization
Exodus of
Anglophones
Impact of the Immigration act in 1976:
Change in birth rate after 1960:
Factors that explain the change in birth rate:
Explain the creation of the Common Front
Explain the Rand Formula
Changes in level of education of the population
Explain the importance Quebec Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Role of advertising in a consumer society:
Reason for the exodus of Anglophones at the end of the 1970s
1960-1980 :
Economic (1960-80)
Key words
Change in government spending:
Crown-
Corporations
Socialism
Nationalization
of industries
Economic
recession
Natural
resources
Origin of
capital
Markets
Consumerism
Public
investment
Define crown-corporation:
Impacts of nationalization on:
State revenue
Employment
Unionization
Industries that were nationalized:
Main sectors of economic growth:
Origin of capital investment:
Causes of economic recession in the 1970s
Relocation of businesses:
Goal of James-Bay hydro-electric project
Impact of Bill 101 on businesses in Quebec
Political (1960-80)
Key words
Political party that took power in 1960:
Provincial
autonomy
Sovereignty
Decolonization
Welfare state
Land-claims
Ancestral
rights
Self-
governance
Self-
determination
Secularization
Constitutional
negotiations
New system of government intervention:
Changes made to education and healthcare systems
New political party created in 1968:
Political leader associated with neo-nationalism:
Terrorist organization responsible for the October Crisis
Government’s reaction during the October crisis
Conclusions of the Laurendeau-Dunton Commission :
Federal law passed to fix inequalities between French and English in Canada
Provincial laws passed to protect the French Language in Quebec:
Change made to the legislative assembly in Quebec in 1968
Political gains made by women:
Land-claims agreement between the Cree and the government of Quebec:
Describe indigenous forms of governance:
Cultural (1960-80)
Key words
Describe neo-nationalism:
Ideology
Neo-
nationalism
Secularism
Feminism
Counter-
culture
Forms of
cultural
expression
World fair held in Montreal:
Describe the counter-cultural movement of the 1960s
Examples of Quebecois cultural expression:
Measures taken by the government to promote Quebecois culture and identity:
Feminist demands:
Territorial (1960-80)
Key words
Names of new suburbs around Montreal:
Suburbs
Infrastructure
Urban Sprawl
Agricultural
protection
New infrastructures developed:
Consequences of urban sprawl:
Law passed to protect agricultural lands in 1978:
1945
Task: For each of the historical events below, indicate the year during which it occurred. Then, place the events in
their chronological order on the timeline. You may add any other important information on the timeline.
1980
Important events
___________: Newfoundland joins Canadian federation
___________: Asbestos Strike
___________: Election of Jean Lesage
___________: Expo 67
___________: Creation of CEGEPS
___________: Trudeau’s White Paper
___________: October Crisis
___________: Oil Crisis
___________: James-Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement
___________: Election of René Lévesque for the first time
___________: Adoption of Bill 101
Important Time Periods
_______________: Baby Boom
_______________: Cold War
_______________: Duplessis Era (aka the Great Darkness)
_______________: Quiet Revolution
Chapter 4: Societal Choices in Contemporary Quebec: 1980 to Our Times
Redefinition of the state’s role
1. What is neoliberalism?
2. What are some examples of neo-liberal policies?
3. What position does the state take in regards to religion in the public sphere?
Indigenous rights
1. What changes were brought about by the Constitution Act of 1982?
2. What was the Oka Crisis? Why is it important?
3. What important agreements respected the ancestral land rights of the
indigenous people?
4. What were the objectives of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of
Canada?
Globalization of the economy
1. What was the objective of Québec Inc.?
2. Why does Canada sign free trade agreements with other countries?
3. What is NAFTA?
4. What are the main export sectors in Canada after the 1980s?
Québec’s political status
1. What did Levesque mean by sovereignty association?
2. What did Trudeau promise Quebec?
3. Which 1982 act patriated the constitution? What did this mean for Canada?
4. What was the objective of the Meech Lake Accord? Why did it fail?
5. What did the Bélanger-Campeau Commission and the Allaire Report
recommend?
6. What was the objective of the Charlottetown Accord? Why did it fail?
7. Why did Quebec have a second referendum on Sovereignty?
8. What did Jean Chrétien do after the second referendum?
Sociodemographic change
1. Why is there an increase in the number of people retiring today?
2. What was the objective of the family policy?
3. How has immigration changed after the 1980s?
4. Describe the living conditions of indigenous peoples throughout Québec.
Gender quality
1. How do Quebec and Canada try to achieve pay equity?
2. How do Quebec and Canada try to achieve parity?
3. How does work-family balance affect gender equality?
Culture Industry
1. How is culture funded in Quebec?
2. Dissemination of culture
3. Cultural policy
Language issue
1. Language of signage
2. Language of instruction
3. Indigenous languages
Environmental concerns
1. Monitoring environmental standards
2. Resource exploitation
Devitalization of communities
1. Why are single industry towns at risk?
2. Why do local services shut down in devitalized communities?
3. How does devitalization cause migratory movements?
What challenges do the new generation of farmers face?
International relations
1. How does Canada participate in global discussions?
2. What economic missions has Canada been involved in?
3. What kind of missions does the Canadian army undertake?
Information era
1. How has the internet changed the way information travels?
2. What consequences had the 24hour news cycle had on our society?
Social (1980-Our Times)
Key words
Two reasons for aging population in Quebec:
Population
Diverse
immigration
Birth rate
Pay equity
Gender
parity
Two government measures to raise the birth rate :
Laws and measures to promote gender equality were adopted in respect to:
- Family patrimony (1989)
- Pay equity (1996)
- Gender parity on boards of directors
(2006)
- work–family balance
Indigenous population: Increased.
Cultural (1980-Our Times)
Key words
Bill 86: Language of
signage
Language of
instruction
Disseminate
Bill 178:
Name of Inuit language:
Politique Culturelle (1992):
Information society (1990s – today):
Changed our way of communicating
and transformed the way culture is
disseminated.
Territorial (1980-Our Times)
Key words
Oka Crisis
Land
dispute
Natural
resources
Exploitation
Sustainable
2002 Paix des Braves
Environmental agreements signed by
Canada:
2000:
2002:
2015:
Exploitation of these natural resources have
severe environmental risks.
Definition of sustainable development:
Political (1980-Our Times) Key words
Result of the 1980 referendum on sovereignty
association: Referendum
Sovereignty-
association
Sovereignty
Indigenous
Ancestral
rights
Distinct
nation
Patriation
Constitution
1982 patriation of the Constitution
Indigenous right recognized by the Constitution Act of 1982 and the resolution adopted in the National Assembly in Quebec in 1985:
Two accords which sought to define Quebec’s
status within Canada after the 1980 referendum:
Result of the 1995 referendum on sovereignty:
Objective of the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission of Canada (2008)
Economic (1980 – Our Times) Key words
Consequences of the 1980s
recession:
Recession
Social
programs
Public
Private
Free trade
Neoliberalism
Welfare state
Globalization
Urbanization
Devitalization
The growing public debt led to
debates on the funding of: - Social programs
Consequences of neoliberal
challenging the welfare state:
- Budget cuts
- Privatization of Crown Corporations
Free trade agreement signed by
Canada, USA and Mexico:
Consequences of globalization on
Quebec’s economy:
- Increased exports
- Relocation of factories
- Acquisition of Quebec businesses by
foreign corporations.
Consequences of urbanization on
rural communities:
Quebec Inc.
1980
Task: For each of the historical events below, indicate the year during which it occurred. Then, place the events in
their chronological order on the timeline. You may add any other important information on the timeline.
2018
Important events
___________:Referendum on sovereignty -association
___________:Patriation of the Constitution
___________:Recognition of the Indigenous nations and
their rights by the Québec government.
___________:Decriminalization of abortion
___________:Oka Crisis
___________:Failure of Meech Lake Accord
___________:Referendum of the Charlettown Accord
___________:Referendum of Sovereignty
___________:Creation of linguistic school boards
___________:Creation of the territory of Nunavut
2002: First civil union of homosexual spouses in
Québec
___________:Signature of the Paix des Braves
___________: Recognition of Quebec nation in the House of
Commons
___________:United Nations Declaration on the Rights of
Indigenous Peoples
2012: Election of Quebec’s first female premier
2012: Student strike