June 2013 Topic: Web-based Cruise Booking Systemrevision.peterhouse.co.zw/Computer Studies/IGCSE...

7010, 0420. Paper 3/Option 2/ATP. O Level Computer.

June 2013 Topic: Web-based Cruise Booking System

7010 0420/03 By: Zafar Ali Khan, 0336-2810241, [email protected] of 31

O Level Computer Studies (7010) Paper 3


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Table of Contents:

Description of the existing system: .................................................................................................................................................... 4

Description of the proposed computer based system: ...................................................................................................................... 5

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS........................................................................................................................................................................... 6

Question 1: Describe tools for analyst to draw up an action plan and ensure that the project is completed on time and on

budget. .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

Question 2: Methods that the analyst could use to gather information about the existing manual system. ................................... 7

Question 3: The first two screens for the web-based course booking system are show below: ....................................................... 8

Question 4: Data Flow Diagram. ..................................................................................................................................................... 12

Question 5: State N items of hardware that would be needed to connect computers to the wireless LAN of the Booking office

and to connect web server to Internet. Justify your choice for each item. ...................................................................................... 13

Question 6: Steps to ensure that the intranet is secure against use from outside the booking office. .......................................... 13

Question 7: What information would a systems analyst need to gather to decide on what hardware is required for a new

computerized system? ..................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Question 8: Items of hardware, other than a computer, that the analyst should recommend for this application. Justify your

choice .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 14

Question 9: Identify system flowchart symbols ............................................................................................................................... 15

Question 10: Draw a flowchart to show how the new computer-based system will work. Include: .............................................. 16

Question 11: Would it be better to use existing software or arrange to have new software written for this application? Justify

your answer. .................................................................................................................................................................................... 17

Question 12: What would need to be done before the new web-based system became “live” and working? .............................. 17

Question 13: Describe a test strategy for the new web-based cruise booking system. .................................................................. 18

Question 14: Give three examples of test data that could be used. Justify your choice for each example. .................................... 18

Question 15: Name five tasks that would be carried out at the DESIGN stage in systems analysis. .............................................. 19

Question 16: State N items that should be included in the Technical Documentation supplied for maintenance of this system. For

each one explain why it should be included. ................................................................................................................................... 19

Question 17: What N items need to be included in the USER GUIDE of newly developed computerised system? ......................... 20

Question 18: State N methods that could be used to implement this new system. Explain why each method could be chosen. .. 21

Question 19: Name N methods used to change over from a manual system to a new web-based computerized system. Discuss

the relative advantages and disadvantages of these four methods. .............................................................................................. 22

Question 20: Describe how the new system should be evaluated/effectiveness of a new system can be assessed. ...................... 22

Question 21: Discuss the advantages of the new computerized system when compared to the manual paper-based system. ... 23

Question 22: The new web-based system is intended to be an improvement over the old system. Describe three advantages of

the new system. Use examples related to the cruise booking system. ........................................................................................... 23

Question 23: What are the advantages of web-based booking system? ........................................................................................ 24

Question 24: How a firewall can secure web-based booking system from potential online hazards? ........................................... 25

Question 25: Illustrate how a firewall is implemented? .................................................................................................................. 25

Question 26: What could be the security protocol that can help cruise line company to keep their online booking transaction

sessions secured against any type of data theft? ............................................................................................................................ 26

Question 27: Use the spaces below to design reports: .................................................................................................................... 27




In this question you are asked to read about:

• an existing system for cruise booking; this is manual and paper based;

• the proposed replacement; this is to be a web-based cruise booking system.

You are given a description of both the existing and the proposed new computerized system.

Description of the existing system:

Cruise Company has several cruise liners. When potential travelers visit the traveling agent/cruise office to book an

itinerary they are given a booking form. Either traveler fills a form or agent/booking officer fills it. The booking form

requires following details;

• Traveler’s information:

o Full name

o Date of birth

o Address

o Phone number

o Email

o Roommates (spouse, partner, children others sharing accommodation):

� Name

� Date of Birth

• Trip information:

o Cruise (ship) name

o Destination

o Traveling dates

o Cabin/stateroom type (inside, balcony, ocean view, suite)

o Departure city.

Staff at the cruise liner office checks the booking files to ensure that the potential traveler is registered with the

company and if not then register them. Staff looks to find the requested cruise’s available cabins (staterooms) for those

mentioned dates and destinations in the booking file. Staff then offers the traveler a date and time for the booking. If

this is agreed then the traveler’s name is written in the booking file for that desired cruise, date and other details, a

ticket is then generated after payment is made, printed and handed over to the traveler.

At the start of everyday, cruise office staff prepare a booking list for each of the cruises travelling for that day. The list

contains travelers’ ticket number, name, details and allotted cabin (stateroom) numbers.

When the travelers arrive at the cruise line door for their journey, they present their tickets to the boarding staff. The

boarding staff checks their tickets against pre-printed booking list and after necessary boarding procedure travelers are

then escorted to their cabins.




Description of the proposed computer based system:

The proposal is to replace all the paperwork and manual computer data entry using generic software (spreadsheet, word

processor etc.). A web-based computerized booking system will be used. This online system will contain all the

information described above. It will allow travelers to make their bookings online using a secured booking website page

present on a web server. The web server is attached to the company’s intranet, which is used as an extranet.

In the new system, both traveler and staff use the office’s website to make a booking. Booking must be made at least

one week before the departure date. For travelers to access the secure website the cruise line company will provide

each traveler with a login ID and the traveler must choose a password.

If travelers come in person for a booking then travel agent/staff will make appointments using a touch screen in office.

Cruise line management too would have access to the online booking database using their own computers in various

places.

The cruise line office will use a wireless LAN. Each staff will have access to the personal computer and a printer. These all

devices in office will communicate over the LAN. Staff can display and print a list of bookings and sales report for any

period of time i.e. date to date, weekly, monthly or yearly etc.

A systems analyst is to be employed to review the existing manual method. The analyst will be responsible for drawing

up an action plan for the new web-based computerized system. This will then be designed, built, tested and

implemented. Technical and user documentation will be produced. Six months after the introduction of the new system,

a full evaluation of its performance will be made.

N.B: Tips to be remembered:

• a selection of available cruises/dates/cabins/stateroom/births is listed on the screen.

• the traveler chose the available slot they want,

• the staff/traveler clicks/touches on the selection using a mouse/finger,

• all the information about the selection is displayed on the screen,

• at the company, the booking is made,

• the number of available booking slots for the selected cruise is automatically checked and updated to the online

database,

• ticket is printed and handed over or e-mailed to the traveler,

• the value of the received daily payments is also automatically updated,

• at the end of the day following reports are printed:

o Total booking details (may be daily, weekly and monthly etc.)

o Total daily payments received.




Questions and Answers

Question 1: Describe tools for analyst to draw up an action plan and ensure that the project is completed

on time and on budget.

a) Gantt Chart:

1. Progress versus expected time to do work.

2. How task are linked together.

3. Allow sharing of task via Email/Internet.

4. Allow use of PERT Charts.

5. Description for Gantt e.g.

• show all stages

• tasks to be done

• show the critical path

• show key project milestones

• progress of tasks as % completed

• number of days to do a task

b) PERT Chart:

1. Program Evaluation and Review Technique

2. used for critical path analysis

3. used for complex problems with multiple tasks

c) Project Management Software/Spreadsheet:

1. Allows progress to be tracked

2. allows easy production and updating of Gantt, PERT charts


Only names (as a,b or c) to be mentioned if there are less marks/space is given. Like in May/June 2012 P3.




Question 2: Methods that the analyst could use to gather information about the existing manual system.

1. questionnaires/survey

• It’s a quick method as data can be collected & analyzed fast,

• produce series of questions to give to staff/cruise ship travelers,

• can leave questionnaires with staff in booking office to complete etc.

2. interviewing (not travelers)

• ask staff a number of face to face questions,

• allows questions to be tailored to the individual,

• allows follow up questions to be asked,

• It is easier to motivate interviewer to talk more about their issues.

3. document search

• gather information from existing cruise booking forms,

• allows procedures to be studied first hand/ allows close scrutiny of all paperwork/files.

4. Observation

• watch staff/filing clerk doing their day to day tasks,

• gives firsthand knowledge of how system works etc,

• inexpensive method,

• reliable data collection watching staff,

• cruise ship travelers doing transactions.


Remember to distribute total given marks among the parts of questions. Do not write beyond the available lines limit.

Always know that the number of lines is double then the marks allocated.




Question 3: The first two screens for the web-based course booking system are show below:

Screen 1

Screen 2




Use the spaces below to re-design both the screens so that they are more user-friendly for the guests to use. Explain

what changes you made to improve each screen and why you made them.

Welcome Screen:


Points to be considered ONLY when asked to improve a given screen otherwise only draw it.

Seen on Screen

- increase size of font

- use a different font

- add suitable pictures

- add suitable heading

Explanation

- to improve readablity

- to improve make the screen

attactive/understandable

- so the user knows what this screen is for




Login Screen:


Points to be considered ONLY when asked to improve a given screen otherwise only draw it.

Seen on Screen

- password entry to system

- move instructions

- change/lighten colour of box

- login button next to instruction

Explanation

- to improve security

- for a better start point

- to attact attention better

- to make the action clearer




Data Input Screen:




Question 4: Data Flow Diagram.




Question 5: State N items of hardware that would be needed to connect computers to the wireless LAN of

the Booking office and to connect web server to Internet. Justify your choice for each item.

LAN:

• Wireless adapter

o to allow a computer to access the LAN (from anywhere within the booking office)

• Wireless Access Point (WAP)

o to extend the reach of the LAN incase booking office size increases.

• Switch

o to enable computers in the booking office to connect to the wired LAN

• Host computer/Server

o to manage the LAN

WAN/Internet:

• (Wireless) router/(Wireless) hub

o to enable computers in the booking office to connect to the LAN/….to relay signals to the computers on

the LAN

• Web Server

o to host the website/to interact with the traveling agent & online customers

• Firewall

o to controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic

o to secure against hacking/viruses.

Question 6: Steps to ensure that the intranet is secure against use from outside the booking office.

• login/password

• use of firewall

• checking of MAC addresses/station ids

• Wired Equivalent Privacy/WEP/wireless security/encryption

• Network name NOT broadcast/hidden

• anti-spyware/ anti-virus software




Question 7: What information would a systems analyst need to gather to decide on what hardware is

required for a new computerized system?

Information needed to decide on the hardware requirements:

• Amount & frequency of printing

• Data storage requirements (e.g. for files)

• size and resolution of monitors/touchscreen (e.g. enough to accommodate finger touch)

• input and output requirements (e.g. printers, mouse, etc.)

• portability requirements (Do we need to take system around the booking office)

• will disabled people be using the hardware?

• Will system be available online?

• Will system be able to print wirelessly?

• Do output and input devices be required wirelessly?

• Will database be available online?

• How customer/travelling agents will be using the online system? Frequency of daily hits on web-server.

Question 8: Items of hardware, other than a computer, that the analyst should recommend for this

application. Justify your choice

1. High resolution/large/good quality screen sometimes to show complete detail of available cruise and booking

slots.

2. Hard disk storage on server.

3. Printer (wireless)

(To printout traveler Tickets and sales report and daily booking details.)

4. Pointing devices/touch screen (to choose menu options or selection of cruise/stateroom type etc.)

5. Wireless router

6. Firewall hardware

7. Wireless LAN cards.




Question 9: Identify system flowchart symbols




Question 10: Draw a flowchart to show how the new computer-based system will work.

Include:

• What happens when a traveler log on

• selecting a cruise ship

• updating the traveler account

• printing a list of travelers for a particular cruise/journey.




Question 11: Would it be better to use existing software or arrange to have new software written for this

application? Justify your answer.

Existing software chosen for the following reasons:

• readily available

• already fully tested and de-bugged

• usually less expensive to buy

• technical support online/by phone

• usually compatible with other existing software

Bespoke software chosen for the following reasons:

• can be tailored to meet the exact requirements of the web-based cruise booking system.

• in contact with the actual programmers if there is a problem

• software can develop as it is used

• doesn’t contain unwanted features

Question 12: What would need to be done before the new web-based system became “live” and working?

What to do before making system live:

• produce user documentation and technical documentation

• install hardware and software

• fully test the new system

• train the staff to use the new system

• Changeover from old to new system




Question 13: Describe a test strategy for the new web-based cruise booking system.

• use of test data sets

1. normal test data has known outcomes

2. extreme test data checks validation rules

3. abnormal test data should produce error messages

• Types of testing:

1. Black box

2. White box

3. System

4. Alpha

5. Beta

6. User acceptance

7. Other

• Testing that the cruise booking system meets the requirements for the cruise line company.

• High transaction days.

• Volume testing

Question 14: Give three examples of test data that could be used. Justify your choice for each example.

The following are examples only there are many correct answers.

• Traveler booking no e.g. 102

o this checks only whole no are accepted.

• Traveler name e.g. John Smith

o this checks that system can accept appropriate inputs

• Stateroom charges e.g. £-1450

o checks that negative prices are rejected

• amount of daily taking e.g. 50

o checks that file updated correctly

• a valid/invalid date.

o check that normal data is accepted/ invalid data is rejected e.g. date before current date.




Question 15: Name five tasks that would be carried out at the DESIGN stage in systems analysis.

Design stage tasks:

• design online data capture web page for cruise booking

• design screen layouts/GUI

• design output forms/layouts e.g. traveler tickets, daily taking etc.

• produce systems flowcharts and/or pseudo code

• design validation rules

• select most appropriate data verification method

• select hardware requirements

• select software requirements

• produce algorithms/program flowcharts

• design testing strategy

Question 16: State N items that should be included in the Technical Documentation supplied for

maintenance of this system. For each one explain why it should be included.

• Program listing/coding: so alterations can be made

• Programming language used: so the application can be recompiled

• System flowchart: overview of whole system

• Flowchart/algorithm/pseudocode: so that the logic can be altered if required

• Hardware requirements: for testing any alterations

• Software requirements: for testing any alterations

• Known “bugs” in the system: so they can be removed

• List of variables used (and their meaning/description): so that alterations to code don’t spawn new errors

• File structures/data model: so that files and file sizes can be checked

• Sample runs (with results and actual test data used): so that test can be re-run when alterations are made

• Validation rules: so that any extra inputs can be subject to similar validation

• purpose of system/program/package

• input formats

• minimum memory requirements

• output formats

• verification techniques




Question 17: What N items need to be included in the USER GUIDE of newly developed computerised

system?

Items needed in User Documentation

User Documentation

• how to log on/log out

• how to make booking

• how to do a search

• how to sort data

• how to do printouts

• how to add/delete/amend records

• purpose of system/program/package

• (input) web page layouts

• (output) print layouts

• hardware requirements

• software requirements

• sample runs (with results)

• error handling/meaning of errors




Question 18: State N methods that could be used to implement this new system. Explain why each method

could be chosen.

Direct changeover:

• no need to run 2 systems side by side

• immediate benefits from new system

• less disruptive for staff

• more likely to work since it will have been fully tested first

Parallel implementation:

• good for training of staff since both systems can be compared

• if new system fails have old manual system as a back up

Phased implementation:

• part of system (may be booking only and no payment section)introduced initially for trials

• if it is OK, gradually introduce other parts (credit card payment system)of the new system

• if a problem occurs, can stop using it any stage

• allows staff/travelers to gain confidence in its operation

Pilot implementation:

• adopt new system at just one of the cruise.

• makes sure system fully works before adopting at other cruises.

• can revert to old system as still in operation at other cruises.


Arguments must relate to the case study




Question 19: Name N methods used to change over from a manual system to a new web-based

computerized system. Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of these four methods.

Advantages and disadvantages of changeover techniques:

Direct Parallel Pilot Phased

- disastrous if new

system fails

- immediate benefits

felt

- reduced costs (only

one system used)

- less likelihood of

failure since fully tested

- more expensive than

direct since two

systems in operation at

the same time

- more time consuming

- still have old system if

new system fails

- can gradually train

staff while both

systems are running

together

- if new system fails can

easily go back to point

where system failed

- less expensive than

parallel

- can train staff while

system being

introduced in stages

- can ensure system

works before expanding

- if new system fails can

easily go back to point

where system failed

- less expensive than

parallel

- can train staff while

system being

introduced in stages

- can ensure system

works before expanding

Question 20: Describe how the new system should be evaluated/effectiveness of a new system can be

assessed.

Points must relate to the case study.

• discuss with staff/travelers whether or not new system works

• discuss with staff/travelers whether or not system was easy to use

• consider if objectives of new system have been met

• look at results from tests

• look at printouts etc. to see if system produced the correct outcomes

• compare final solution with original requirements

• identify any limitations in the system

• identify any necessary improvements that need to be made

• compare test results from new system with results from old system

• compare performance of new system with performance of old system

• effectiveness of the hardware

• effectiveness of the software

• bandwidth of Internet




Question 21: Discuss the advantages of the new computerized system when compared to the manual

paper-based system.

Advantages of the new system:

• Easier/faster to search for available cruise, destination, space and time slots.

• improved booking and accounts system

• automatic reporting is possible

• less space taken up in filing system

• less expensive (fewer staff, etc.)

• no need to tell cruise schedule and cabin charges.

• able to offer services on the internet

• online virtual cruise tour.

Question 22: The new web-based system is intended to be an improvement over the old system. Describe

three advantages of the new system. Use examples related to the cruise booking system.

• more flexible booking: traveler can book from anywhere in the world

• less likelihood for information to be lost as no paper lists that are needed to be kept at cruise for boarding

purposes

• fewer staff are now required, traveler do their own booking not the office staff

• fewer queues: more terminals available for traveler to book the cruise

• less storage space required booking forms stored electronically




Question 23: What are the advantages of web-based booking system?

The Web Based Cruise Booking System has many advantages over the old system such as:

Always available: The Internet is always available for your travelers to use, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a

year. Travelers don’t have to wait for booking office to open or wait for someone to make it available. It is just there,

when they need it and for whatever they need.

Cost effective: Usually need less staff with an online business so large savings

Increased convenience: Patients can fill the booking form and can make the payment online through Credit/Debit card

from anywhere in the world.

Customer reviews: Travelers can submit their reviews about Booking they have made and subsequent trips, increasing

customer confidence.

Enable Deals, Bargains, Coupons, and Group Buying: Though there are physical equivalents to deals, bargains, coupons,

and group buying, online booking makes it much more convenient.

Increase Visibility through Search Engine Marketing: Expanded customer base, gain new customers with search engine

searches.

Reduce Advertising Costs: Print advertising can get expensive as there may be a need to update regularly, which

requires new work be planned and generated whereas it is much quicker and more cost effective to update and

maintain a website.

Inline marketing through social media:

It is carried out to target only connected/interested potential customer through social media web sites. This costs much

less than physical (print media), TV and wasted work (as it doesn’t always reach interested customer) costs. There is

always a chance of viral approach to potential customers.




Question 24: How a firewall can secure web-based booking system from potential online hazards?

A firewall (program or hardware device) filters the information coming through the Internet connection into cruise line

private network or computer system. If an incoming packet of information is flagged by the filters, it is not allowed

through.

Firewalls use one or more of three methods to control traffic flowing in and out of the network:

• Packet filtering - Packets (small chunks of data) are analyzed against a set of filters. Packets that make it through the

filters are sent to the requesting system and all others are discarded.

• Proxy service - Information from the Internet is retrieved by the firewall and then sent to the requesting system and

vice versa.

• Stateful inspection - A newer method that doesn't examine the contents of each packet but instead compares

certain key parts of the packet to a database of trusted information. Information traveling from inside the firewall to

the outside is monitored for specific defining characteristics, and then incoming information is compared to these

characteristics. If the comparison yields a reasonable match, the information is allowed through. Otherwise it is

discarded.

Question 25: Illustrate how a firewall is implemented?




Question 26: What could be the security protocol that can help cruise line company to keep their online

booking transaction sessions secured against any type of data theft?

The security protocols that may be used are https:/SSL. These are implemented as shown below:




Sales Summary Report

From: XX/XX/XXXX To: XX/XX/XXXX

Date Sales

XX/XX/XXXX XXXXXX

XX/XX/XXXX XXXXXX

XX/XX/XXXX XXXXXX

XX/XX/XXXX XXXXXX

Question 27: Use the spaces below to design reports:

1. Sales Summary Report

2. Sales Detail Report

3. Booking Summary Report (Cruise wise)

4. Booking Detail Summary

5. Cruise Ticket




Sales Detailed Report

From: XX/XX/XXXX To: XX/XX/XXXX

Date Invoice ID Sales

XX/XX/XXXX XXXX XXXXXX

XXXX XXXXXX

XXXX XXXXXX

TOTAL XXXXXX

XX/XX/XXXX XXXX XXXXXX

XXXX XXXXXX

XXXX XXXXXX

TOTAL XXXXXX

GRAND

TOTAL XXXXXX




Booking Detail Report

(Cruse wise)

Cruise Name: XXXXXXXXXX Date:

XX/XX/XXXX

Destination: XXXXXXXXXX Departure Port:

XXXXXXXXXX

S.No Traveler Name Contact No No of Guest Stateroom Type




Booking Detail Summary

S.No Traveler Name Contact

No

No of

Guest

Cruise

Name Destination

Departure

Date

Departure

Port

Stateroom

Type

Payment

(Yes/No)




This ticker is issued subject to the terms, conditions DATE OF ISSUE

and regulations of the companyas attached XX/XX/XXXX

CRUISE TICKET No. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

DESTINAITON XXXXXXXXX DEPARTURE

CRUISE XXXXXXXXX DATE XX/XX/XXXX

FROM XXXXXXXXX TO XXXXXXXXXX

PASSENGERS CABIN BERTH

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX



FARES X,XXXX.XX

OTHER

TOTAL X,XXXX.XXX

PA

SS

EN

GE

RS

RE

CO

RD

CO

PY

June 2013 Topic: Web-based Cruise Booking Systemrevision.peterhouse.co.zw/Computer Studies/IGCSE...

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