June 2002USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service1 Individual and Group Dynamics Source: USDA...

June 2002 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service

1

Individual and Group Dynamics

Source: USDA Social Sciences Institute

2June 2002 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service

Individual and Group DynamicsIndividual and Group DynamicsSession GoalSession Goal

Group dynamics

Individual dynamics

Dynamics of group decision making


Four Stages of Group Four Stages of Group DevelopmentDevelopment

Forming

Storming

Norming

Performing



FormingForming Orientation Formation Gathering information Determining place in the group Feelings --hopeful, some anxiety,

high expectations Morale - moderately high Productivity low



StormingStorming

Dissatisfaction

Separation

Feelings - frustrated, confused,

dissatisfaction

Morale - low

Productivity - low-moderateSource: USDA Social Sciences Institute


NormingNormingResolutionRole clarificationWorking through gap between hopes

and reality and interpersonal difficulties

Developing harmony, trust, support, and mutual respect

Productivity - moderately highMorale - improving



PerformingPerformingProductionUnificationFeeling satisfaction/excitementWorking collaboratively &

interdependentlyPerforming at high levels: synergy &

successProductivity highMorale high



Stages of Group Development

Collaboration

Forming

Storming

Norming

Performing

Source: Modified from the USDA Social Sciences Institute


Participant Styles and Roles Participant Styles and Roles Individual Types of BehaviorsIndividual Types of Behaviors

Facilitative behaviors are the actions

one takes to make meetings run

smoother - functional

Dysfunctional behavior reduces the

group’s effectiveness through actions

or omissions (not sharing data).


Individual DynamicsIndividual DynamicsParticipant Styles and RolesParticipant Styles and Roles



Participant Style and RoleParticipant Style and Role

InitiatorInitiator




The CriticThe Critic




The Supporter - ElaboratorThe Supporter - Elaborator




The VolunteerThe Volunteer




The RecorderThe Recorder




The Go-Between / GatekeeperThe Go-Between / Gatekeeper




The Group Process ObserverThe Group Process Observer




The Flexible LeaderThe Flexible Leader



Participant Style and Role Facilitative Participants

• Are active participants in the discussion

• Listen carefully and are open to others’

ideas

• Help the group stay focused

• Support the ground rules

• Help the facilitator remain substantially

neutral and the recorder be accurate


Participant Style and RoleParticipant Style and Role Facilitative AttitudesFacilitative Attitudes

Neutral - suspending thoughts or feelings

Win/Win - agreements are possible

and desirableFlexible - move with the groupNon-defensive - keeps the focus

off you



Facilitating Individual Facilitating Individual and Group Behaviorsand Group Behaviors

Preventions - done at the start of or

during the that prevent the meeting

from going off tract

Interventions - done during the

meeting that help get the meeting

back on tractSource: USDA Social Sciences Institute


Dynamics of Group Dynamics of Group Decision- MakingDecision- Making

Divergent thinking

Convergent thinking

Source: Facilitator’s Guide to Participatory Decision-Making, S. Kaner, 1996


Divergent ThinkingDivergent Thinking

Generating alternatives

Free-for-all open discussion

Gathering diverse points of view

Breaking down a problem into pieces



Convergent ThinkingConvergent Thinking

Evaluating alternatives

Summarizing key points

Sorting ideas into categories

Arriving at a general conclusion



The Groan ZoneThe Groan Zone

Divergent thinking

Groan Zone ConvergentThinking



The Diamond of Participatory The Diamond of Participatory Decision-MakingDecision-Making

Groan ZoneDiverge Zone

ConvergeZone

NewTopic

Closure Zone



Individual and Group Individual and Group Dynamics Module SummaryDynamics Module Summary

Group dynamics

Individual dynamics

Dynamics of group decision making

June 2002USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service1 Individual and Group Dynamics Source: USDA...

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