June 14, 2005DOE HEP Program Review1 Overview of SLAC HEP Program Persis S. Drell Director for...
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Transcript of June 14, 2005DOE HEP Program Review1 Overview of SLAC HEP Program Persis S. Drell Director for...
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 1
Overview of SLAC HEP Program
Persis S. DrellDirector for Particle and Particle Astrophysics
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 2
An Exciting Time in Particle Physics The Standard Model of quarks and leptons is
fabulously successful It only describes 5% of the Universe
Dark Matter and Dark Energy make up 95% of the Universe New forms of matter and energy outside of current
understanding We don’t understand why the the Universe is matter
dominated (what happened to the anti-matter?) Compelling Questions confront us
Within this decade tools coming on line to make progress in our understanding
Developing tools for discovery in the next decade
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 3
A Challenging Time in Particle Physics Premier US HEP accelerators will turn off by the end of the
decade B-Factory (SLAC) 2008 CESR (Cornell) 2008 Tevatron (FNAL) 2009
By end of decade, the frontiers of HEP will be off shore LHC (CERN) JPark (KEK) KEK-B (KEK)
Long term health and future of the field of HEP relies on ILC Very expensive (~$8B) Excellent progress towards international realization of such a
machine Not a certainty!
We need to balance the near term, mid term, and long term focus of the program
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 4
SLAC’s Leadership Role in these Uncertain Times SLAC’s HEP mission:
responsibility and an obligation to provide technical and scientific leadership to the national (and international) community
provide unique technical capabilities for the management and construction of large-scale projects
design, build and operate the accelerators that define the frontiers of the field
enable members of the University community to play leadership roles in the HEP program and have full access to the physics
participate in the education of a scientifically trained workforce, and in the training of the future leaders in the field
Challenge: carry out mission at a time when major changes from past way
of doing business No onsite frontier HEP machine
carry out mission at time when future options uncertain ILC
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 5
Scientific Focus of Current and Future SLAC Scientific Program Current and planned SLAC HEP program is addressing
compelling scientific questions facing the field (exploring QU) Where did the antimatter go? (B-Factory) Are there new symmetries and forces of nature? (B-Factory, ILC) Why are there so many particles? (B-Factory) What is Dark Matter? How can we make it in the lab? (LSST, JDEM, GLAST,
ILC) Can we solve the mystery of Dark Energy? (LSST, JDEM, ILC) Is there grand unification of particles and forces? (ILC, EXO) What are neutrinos telling us? (EXO) Are there extra dimensions of space? (ILC)
Doing accelerator research and technology development to meet current challenges and for the longer term future of the field Accelerator Research
PEP-II ILC Multi-TeV LC--Higher Gradient + Two Beam acceleration Future acceleration concepts
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 6
Program Elements Experimental Initiatives:
B-factory CP violation in flavor sector Precision definition of SM paradigm of CP violation from flavor
mixing in CKM Search for new physics in loop processes sensitive to new high
mass particles Determine the ‘footprint’ in the flavor sector of the new physics
that will be discovered at the LHC ILC Precision energy frontier studies
Discover identity of dark matter Resolve mysteries of the Higgs Connect the laws of the very small to the very large
EXOExplore fundamental nature of electron neutrino and measure its mass
LSST,JDEM Fundamental Cosmology GLAST High Energy Astrophysics and search for dark
matter Accelerator Research
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 7
Program Elements (cont.) Computational Initiatives
Petacache embedded memory machine First star simulations Dark Energy Studies Fluid Dynamical Simulations of Gamma Ray Bursts Relativistic Shock Structure
Theoretical Efforts Strings and Quantum gravity Physics at Bottom and Charm Factories Phenomenology of Supersymmetry and Grand Unified
Theories Connections to cosmology Tests of the Standard Model QCD Phenomena Physics at the ILC and LHC Lensing Cluster Cosmology GRB’s, Pulsars, AGN’s
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 8
Program Timelines: Exploiting the present and preparing for the future
Science now or soon Final Results of Fixed Target Program (E158) BaBar (now to 2008) GLAST (2007 – 2012/17) Proof of principle experiments in accelerator research
R&D for near term science (2012) LSST (first light 2012??) EXO (2012?? if R&D successful) JDEM (20??) ILC (2016?)
R&D for farther future Accelerator Research
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 9
Program Review Overview Plenary Talks: High level program overviews
Speak to Charge Plenary talks will focus on lab program
Breakouts--Interactive Theory
Includes cosmololgy Accelerator Research
Details of ongoing R&D, ILC, tour of NLCTA and FFTB Experimental Research
BaBar, GLAST, EXO, LCD, LSST, SNAP Non-DOE KIPAC projects
Breakouts will focus on efforts of SLAC staff Tours today (GLAST, BaBar) and tomorrow (FFTB, NLCTA) Thursday: Planning for the future
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 10
Program Review Overview: This Talk Very brief summary by program of
Research activities during past year Goals for the next year Long-term plans
Summary of resources by program Discussion of overall balance and priorities Planning for the future (Thursday talk)
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 12
SLAC 158
•UC Berkeley•Caltech•Jefferson Lab•Princeton•Saclay
•SLAC•Smith College•Syracuse•UMass•Virginia
E158 Collaboration
(APV) ~ 10 ppbNeed 1016 events Count at ~ 1 GHz
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 13
Parameter Proposal Achieved
Intensity at 48 GeV 6 x 1011 / pulse 5.3 x 1011
Intensity at 45 GeV 3.5 x 1011 4.3 x 1011
Polarization 80% 85%
Repetition Rate 120 Hz 120 Hz
Intensity jitter / pulse 2% rms 0.5% rms
Energy jitter / pulse 0.4% rms 0.03% rms
Energy spread - 0.15% rms
Delivered Charge* (Peta-E) 345K 410K
E-158 Beam ParametersE-158 Beam Parameters
120Hz Production Running
Run 1: April 23 – May 27, 2002Run 2: October 10 – November 13, 2002Run 3: July 10 – September 6, 2003
*proposal number for delivered charge allows 20% inefficiency factor forbeam quality cuts and experimental efficiency
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 15
Final Physics Result
6
sin2eff = 0.2397 ± 0.0010 ± 0.0008 sin2WMS(MZ)
hep-ex/0504049, To be published in PRL
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 16
Fate of Fixed Target Program No Future Fixed Target Experiments are
planned for the Endstation Not a programmatic priority Facility will be kept in operational shape for test
beams, LCD R&D, future accelerator R&D, etc.. Loss of experimental facility to HENP community
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 18
B-Factory Program PEP-II Accelerator
Collides e+ and e- with unequal beam energies at ECM=10.58 GeV
Premier tool for studying physics of heavy flavor BaBar Detector
Optimized for B-physics at asymmetric energy collider Run by International Collaboration of ~623 physicists from
80 institutions in 11 countries 50% of collaboration from Europe International collaboration essential to supporting computing
effort necessary to get science out in a timely fashion International leadership reflected in all top management
positions in the experiment Successful intervention in summer 2004 to replace 1/3 of
IFR/muon detection system Trigger upgrade to meet demands of increasing luminosity
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 19
B-Factory Science Program B-Factory science drivers:
B mesons a laboratory for study of CP violation Discovery measurement in 2001 CP in charmonium (bc) modes
now measured to +-7% Unique access to flavor sector of
‘new physics’ CP in bsss modes provides crucial
testing ground for SUSY Intriguing discrepancy: 3.7
difference between b-> c and b->sss modes
e+e- b factories are also and charm factories Surprises: new charm strange
quark states in 2004 Anti-surprises: no evidence seen for
penta quark in 2005
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 20
Research Activities of Past Year
Journal Papers BABAR Belle
<2003 32 54
2003 39 28
2004 52 35
May 2005 21 19
Total 144 136
Conference Contributions
BABAR Belle
Papers submitted to ICHEP04
72 63
Abstracts submitted to LP05
75 73 Raised currentsImproved reliabilityTrickle injection
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 21
B-Factory Goals for Next Year 6 month delay in starting Run 5 due to
accident in Oct 04 PEP-II Goals
Will run to 7/06 with 1 month down 10/05 Deliver to BaBar: 500fb-1 Summer 2006 Error on average of Penguin modes should reach
0.06 Hardware upgrades
Fall 2006 Replace remaining 4 sextants of IFR DC electronics upgrade Final PEP-II luminosity upgrade installations
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 22
B-Factory Longer Term Plans B-factory program
operates until end of FY2008 Run for maximum
integrated luminosity Data analysis continues
for several more years after data taking stops
Goal for 2007-2008: double again to ~1 ab-1
Individual Penguin modes with errors in range 0.06-0.12
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 24
The Linear Collider Linear Collider Science Drivers
Are there new symmetries and forces of nature? What is Dark Matter? How can we make it in the lab? Can we solve the mystery of Dark Energy? Is there grand unification of particles and forces? Are there extra dimensions of space?
Linear collider essential to establish quantum nature of the ‘dark universe’ Active work to articulate science case more
broadly EPP2010 HEPAP report on ILC/LHC synergies
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 25
Strategic Look at Linear Collider High Energy e+e- LC highest priority new machine for
world community SLAC has led field in development of LC design and
technology Champion of warm RF technology
How has the ‘cold’ technology choice impacted the lab? SLAC has always been committed to playing a leadership
role in ILC independently of choice of RF technology SLAC has accelerator expertise in all subsystems of the
collider R&D program now restructured to address critical issues for
cold machine SLAC fully support GDE effort
SLAC staff are co-leading 4 of the technical subgroups
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 26
ILC Machine R&D activities of the Past Year/ Goals for Next Year Demonstrated R1’s for the warm RF design Restructured R&D program to align with the cold decision
Accelerator Design and CDR e+e- sources Damping ring design Beam Delivery System Instrumentation and control systems
L-band rf power sources All being done as part of the coordinated GDE effort
Goals for near term: End of CY05: Select baseline configuration design End of CY06: CDR
Goals longer term: CY08/09: TDR
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 27
ILC Detector Program Need to grow program of linear collider detector R&D
(ALCSG) SLAC is working with LBNL and FNAL to provide
opportunities for user community to engage Simulation Effort
Supports national and international effort Concept development for a detector based on Silicon
One of several approaches in the community Beam Instrumentation (L, E, P)
Linac Beam offers unique opportunities LOI at EPAC encouraged
Effort is investment limited—particularly engineering Will grow with GLAST roll off
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 29
EXO: Enriched Xenon Observatory
Search for decay in 136Xe-->136Ba++ e- e-
Observation of decay would provide direct evidence on: Lepton number violation Neutrinos are Majorana fermions Set neutrino mass scale
EXO Philosophy Excellent energy resolution (separates 0 from
2) Positive ID Ba Ion (Ba tagging)
EXO goal: <me>~10’s of meV Requires ton scale detector
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 30
EXO: R&D Progress in Past Year Progress in Past Year
Study of single ion Ba+ tagging at different residual Xe pressures
Improved LXe energy resolution Procurement/qualification of low background
materials Secured funding for ‘EXO 200’
200kg prototype—tests all aspects of EXO *except* Ba Tagging
Will measure 2decay rate
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 31
EXO: Goals for next year and longer term plans
Build EXO 200 Study detector performance (no Ba+ tagging) Look at backgrounds Measure 2 mode with 1-2 year run Sensitivity of ~0.2 eV to 0 mode
Completion of Ba tagging R&D effort in next 2-3 years In parallel with EXO 200 operations
Successful R&D would lead to proposal for full EXO (ton scale experiment)
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 33
Accelerator Research Preparing for challenges of longer term future of field Explore underlying physics
Efforts in many areas supporting current facilities and are also aimed at longer term future Beam Dynamics Collective Effects Accelerator Structures
Proof of principle experiments E164/E164X – Plasma wake field acceleration program
using Short Pulse Source Producing surprising results
LEAP/E163 – Laser Acceleration in Dielectric Microstructures Commissioning this summer First data late 2005
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 34
F = -eEz
electron beam
front portion of
bunch loses
energy to generate the wake
back portion of
bunch is accelerate
d
En
erg
y
Head Tail
No Plasma
Plasma
Beam Distribution
e-ion
column
Plasma Acceleration
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 35
Plasma Acceleration-E164X Past year
Generated short (<100fs) pulses
Wake Field Amplitude ~ 1/z
2
27 GeV/m acceleration of particles demonstrated over 10 cm First time a PWFA has
gained more than 1 GeV Two orders of magnitude
larger than previous beam-driven results
No Plasma np = 2.8 x 1017 e-/cm3
Ene
rgy
[GeV
]
31.5
30.5
29.5
28.5
27.5
26.5
25.5
24.5
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 36
Accelerator Research Facilities Planning FFTB will go away in 2006 with progress in LCLS
construction Broad user program based on unique high energy, low
emittance, short pulse beam Supports diverse research program in many fields
Plasma wake field SppS Flash
Process in place to develop Options for FFTB replacement (code named SABER)
Two locations being considered—evaluate pros and cons Evaluate costs
What is the physics case to justify the facility? Process culminates with workshop in September
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 38
Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology at SLAC SLAC’s HEP mission has broadened to include particle
astrophysics and cosmology Science Drivers for Particle Astrophysics program
Understanding the “Quantum Universe” What is Dark Matter? How can we make it in the lab? Can we solve the mystery of Dark Energy?
Look for opportunities where SLAC plays unique and enabling role Any participation where SLAC resources are involved,
the level and scope of participation should be significant and commensurate with status as a national laboratory
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 39
Criteria for SLAC involvement in non accelerator based projects Overall Scientific Merit
Scientific Potential Value Alternatives Timeliness
Relevance to Fundamental HEP Themes Involvement of the SLAC User Community Interest/Involvement of SLAC Senior Staff In addition, SLAC involvement is greatly enhanced
when there exists technical synergy with SLAC core
competencies SLAC infrastructure can be leveraged SLAC project and scientific leadership are involved.
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 40
GLAST GLAST: -ray Large Area Space Telescope
GLAST measures direction, energy and time of celestial gamma rays from 20MeV – 300 GeV
Will Survey entire sky every 3 hours A direct view into Nature’s largest accelerators Gamma rays probe cosmological distances in a largely
unexplored energy range Great potential for Discoveries:
Search for Dark Matter and hidden space time dimensions Investigate nature of black holes and gravity beyond
Einstein Endpoints of Stellar Evolution: Black Holes, Neutron Stars,
Sne remnants Active Galactic Nuclei and Gamma Ray Bursts
Joint Particle Physics/Particle Astrophysics venture Involves 5 nations, 9 funding agencies
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 41
LAT Instrument
Anti-coincidence detector
Tracker
Calorimeter
Grid
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 42
GLAST Fabrication project has been challenging!
CNES withdrew financial support for project 4/03 New project manager experienced at SLAC (Klaisner) Organizational changes
Project successfully rebaselined summer 03 Transition to flight production much more painful than
anticipated The laboratory put the highest priority on supporting the project Production anomalies summer/fall led to second DOE/NASA rebaseline
winter 05 As part of rebaseline process NASA management investigated a
descope option to preserve schedule Because Tracker was the critical path in the schedule, the
configuration investigated was 16 calorimeters, 12 trackers Remaining instrument per current baseline Saved 1 month of schedule
Scientific implications of descope presented to Anne Kinney in late February Decision to adopt descope plan postponed to give LAT
opportunity to demonstrate execution to proposed schedule
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 43
GLAST Activities of the past year
Flight fabrication is well underway Flight hardware being delivered and integrated at SLAC in
Bldg 33 6 of 16 towers integrated into flight grid
ISOC taking shape Goals for next year
LAT complete and tested 1/06 To NRL for environmental testing
Delivery to Observatory Integration 4/06 Mate with spacecraft and GBM and test
Longer term plans Launch 8/07 from Kennedy Space Flight Center ISOC at SLAC Preparation for science!
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 44
KIPAC: Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Institute of Stanford University
Institute building on the SLAC site funding by gift from Fred Kavli
Director: Roger Blandford Deputy Director: Steve Kahn (also Assistant RD)
Director reports to Stanford Dean of Research 9 new faculty (4 in place)
Most if not all will be joint campus/SLAC Establishes Stanford/SLAC/DOE as intellectual force in field
Institute brings in funds from NASA and NSF in addition to DOE funds through SLAC Highly leveraged by > $20M investment by Stanford University
Growing fast! Institute 50 strong and growing
> 20 new people including 4 professional staff, 4 faculty, postdocs, students, 2 admins and lots of visitors
Others from exiting SLAC and SU communities
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 45
Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology: The Future Potential SLAC/KIPAC Projects
SNAP Collaboration (JDEM) 2m telescope, 0.7 sq deg field in space
Study high z SNe Dark Energy Weak Gravitational lensing Dark Matter Strong Lensing Small scale structure
LSST 8.4 m telescope, 8.6 sq deg field on the ground
Weak lensing survey of entire sky Dark matter power density spectrum Constraints on Dark Energy
Many other NASA funded KIPAC Projects under development (NuStar, Exist, Next, POGO, …)
KIPAC effort already very visible and very productive Over 100 publications in first 18 months.. 3 major conferences
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 46
KIPAC Scientific Vision Fundamental Cosmology: What are dark matter and dark energy?
Theoretical Efforts Lensing, Cluster Cosmology, String Theory
Computational Initiatives First star simulations, Dark Energy Studies
Experimental Initiatives LSST JDEM
High Energy Astrophysics (many non-DOE) Theoretical Efforts
GRB’s, Pulsars, AGN’s Computational Initiatives
Fluid Dynamical Simulations of Gamma Ray Bursts Relativistic Shock Structure
Experimental Initiatives GLAST NuStar, NEXT, POGO, EXIST (all non-DOE)
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 48
SLAC Theory Group Primary mission: to advance theoretical
high-energy physics, and to train young scientists. In addition, some members interact strongly
with the SLAC experimental program Interests of the group span a range of
extremely challenging problems of relevance to national and international program
Group well integrated with ITP on campus Increasing opportunities for interactions with
KIPAC
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 49
Theory Group: Programmatic Connections Members of the Theory faculty and staff have strong
connections to the various experimental programs here at the lab and elsewhere: Linear Collider
Peskin, Rizzo, Hewett, Pierce LHC
Dixon, Hewett, Rizzo, Berger Cosmology
Kachru, Silverstein, Alexander, Maloney, Pierce Low-energy and exclusive QCD
Brodsky B-Physics
Hewett, Quinn, Hill
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 51
Computing Forefront computing at SLAC underlies many of the experimental
programs. Key strength:
bringing application scientists, applied mathematicians and computer scientists together
creates revolutionary new approaches, both application-specific and generic.
One of world’s leading efforts in data-driven computing and large scale data management necessitated by the huge explosion of data from the BaBar detector.
Major additional efforts focus on applications in accelerator modeling and particle simulations. Positioned to support new applications that use computation as a tool
for discovery in particle astrophysics, cosmology, and bio-molecular simulations.
Revolutions in science increasingly founded on, and driven by, computing. Future focus on transforming the interaction between scientists and
their data to transform the science being performed.
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 53
Annual Total Budget By ProgramsFY03 - FY05
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
03 04 05 03 04 05 03 04 05 03 04 05 03 04 05 03 04 05 03 04 05 03 04 05 03 04 05
Adv. AccR&D
BaBar EXO Glast Ops &R&D
GLASTProject
ILC LCD PAP Theory
K$
Labor M&S
SLAC Transfer Out
Total Budget (K$)(FY06 - Prelim. Only)
65,000
70,000
75,000
80,000
Bgt 03 Bgt 04 Bgt 05 Bgt 06*
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 54
Table 2: FTEs Charged to Programs - FY 05
Programs for Review Category Physicists Post Doc Engineer Computing Tech Students Other Grand TotalAcc R&D Operations 3.5 0.4 2.6 0.2 0.2 2.0 0.1 9.1
Research 13.6 3.9 0.0 0.6 1.3 4.3 3.7 27.5 Acc R&D Total 17.1 4.3 2.7 0.8 1.5 6.4 3.8 36.6 ACD Operations 0.3 0.1 0.4
Research 1.6 3.1 1.0 0.5 6.3 ACD Total 1.9 3.2 1.0 0.5 6.7 BaBar Design & Fabrication 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.0 2.1
Operations 11.8 5.3 1.4 32.4 9.2 1.2 9.1 70.2 Research 7.4 5.1 0.3 0.4 3.1 1.4 17.6
BaBar Total 19.2 10.4 1.9 33.7 10.0 4.3 10.5 90.0 EXO Research 2.7 0.9 2.1 1.2 0.9 0.2 8.1 GLAST Design & Fabrication 0.3 16.4 8.8 12.2 12.2 50.0 GLAST Ops & R&D Research 18.6 2.5 0.3 7.3 0.4 3.9 4.1 37.1 ILC Research 26.7 0.4 8.9 0.9 0.5 1.4 7.8 46.6 LCD Research 5.5 0.4 2.5 0.4 0.4 9.4 PAP Research 8.3 3.0 1.4 0.7 0.2 4.7 5.4 23.8 Theory Research 6.0 6.5 5.8 1.8 20.0 Grand Total 106.3 27.9 34.2 58.0 26.2 28.8 46.9 328.3
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 55
Programmatic Challenges Active workforce management needed
as transition from on site to off site accelerators as non accelerator fraction of program grows
B-factory recovery from accident maintain competitiveness with KEK-B
ILC needs increased funding and continued government and community continuity of commitment
To grow non accelerator programs will need to establish and execute a stable multi-agency research investment plan
Must capitalize on spectacular KIPAC opportunity Must replace FFTB (goes away in 2006 for LCLS)
Facility enables photon, particle and astro particle science on site
June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 56
Programmatic Priorities For the near term:
We must focus on B-factory performance and delivery of science to our largest user community
For the mid term: We must continue in our leadership role for the ILC
Highest priority new facility for the world community We must complete GLAST construction and develop the
ISOC Challenges here due to marriage of 2 cultures
We must work to provide additional opportunities for science to the HEP user community in ~2012 e.g. LSST, EXO, JDEM, ....
For the long term: The R&D in accelerator science is our hope for the future of
the field To make the next accelerator *after* the ILC technically
feasible and affordable