29July1966Vol. 153, No. 3735 tIumnf -

LETTERS NIH Grants: New Policies: T. Tuve; Directing Public Support: J. L. Fisher;E. W. Price; Freight Trains: J. A. Peoples: A.E. Ford-; Mohole: Cost versus

Results: W. D. Carson; Scientific Exchange with the U.S.S.R.: L. C. Mitchell

EDITORIAL Government Support for Social Science

ARTICLES Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Natural Products: R. B. Woodward..........

Control of Conception by Hormonal Steroids: G. Pinicius........................

Lemur Social Behavior and Primate Intelligence: A. Jolly .....................

The AIBS: Crisis in Retrospect, and the Outlook: K. V. Thimann and R. W. Krauss

NEWS AND COMMENT

BOOK REVIEWS

Denver: Neighborhood Health Center- Congress: Old Guardsman Falls

The New Utopians: A Studcly of System Designa and Social Chan ge, reviewed by

A. Newell; other reviews by R. Reiser, H. Walton, D. R. Lide, Jr., R. D. Gibbs,G. F. Dales, B. R. Gluest, G. C. Webber, J. D. Millett; Conference and

Symposium Reports ............... .

REPORTS Molokai Fracture Zone: Continuation West of the Hawaiian Ridge:

A. Malaho.f, W. E. Stranige, G. P. Woollard . .............

Radiation Absorption between the Ultraviolet and X-ray Bands: U. Fanio ........

Cesium-137 Body Burdens in Alaskan Eskimos during the Summer of 1965:

W. C. Hanison .................................Synthetic Detergents: Their Influence upon Iron-Binding Complexes of Natural

Waters: F. Ken1t and F. F. Hooper

n rfruTt rv MrtACC Wf0H.iniNa nHOAfG~~~HENRY EYRING ALFRED S. ROMER UON K5. PRtii.E H. DtNLtTir OLto u O Il 1 M1&

BOARDOF DIRECTORS Retiring9 President) Chairman President President ElectDAAIDR. GODARDMYN SLD REES:

VICE PRESIDENTS AND MATHEMATICS (A) CHeM C.ARrDYD~Albert W~Tucker Allen V. Astin Ailfred EO owin Philik C.radsea

SECTION SECRETARIES Wallace Givens DStaney S Ballard :Milto Orch

FFrank BradshawIWoNi

ANTHROPOLOGY (H) PSYCHOLOGY (II SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K) HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENC0:000000 llerlnetneth E. Boulding Melvin Kranzberg

Anthony Leeds Frank W. Finger Eugene B. Skolnikoff Norwood Russell Hanson

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (Np) AGRICULTURE (0) INDUSTRIAL SCIEnCE P) EDUCATeIONe 1)

Andre Archambault Nyle C. Brady uEllts A. ohnson Clarence H. BoJoseph P. Buckley Ned D. Bayley Burton V. Dean rrederic B. Out

DIVISIONS;0000000000 00: 000 ALASKA DIVI)[SItO:N 00 XPACIFIC DIVISIONI 0:SlTISEDSOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN OlS

A, B. Colyer Eleantor Viereck Daniel G. Aldrich, Jr. Robert C. Miller Earl 0. Camp Mxarowetiv .'cAndetrsPresident Executive Secretary Presidenit Secretary PresidentExctv

SCIENCE is publIshed weekly on Friday and on the fourth Tuesday in November by the American Association for the Advancementa of:AScience.1515 Massachuetts Ave.,Wa~shingtn Now combined with: The Scientific Monthly.CR,Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. Copyright 1966B by the American Association to

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~:address label. SCIENCE Is indexed in- theReader's Guide to Periodical Literature.

479

485

487

493

501

507

t, nolor u

Quartz and Magnetite: Oxygen- 18-Oxygen- 16 Fractionation in MetamorphosedBiwabik Iron Formation: E. C. Perry, Jr. and B. Bonichsen ........ .......... 528

Shallow Structure of the Straits of Florida: E. Uchupi ..... ..................... 529

Nucleotide Sequence of a Yeast Tyrosine Transfer RNA: J. T. Madison,G. A. Everett, H. Kung .531

Deep-Sea Authigenic Calcite and Dolomite: E. Bonatti ........................ 534

Biosynthesis of Gamma Globulin: Studies in a Cell-Free System: K. H. Stenzeland A. L. Rubin ..................................................... 537

Morphology of Nascent Ziegler-Natta Polymers: P. Blais and R. St. John Manley .... 539

Dormancy Regulation in Peach Seeds: W. N. Lipe and J. C. Crane ..... 541

Leucine Incorporation into the Membranellar Bands of Regenerating andNonregenerating Stentor: N. De Terra ................................... 543

One-Way Stimulation in Mixed Leukocyte Cultures: F. H. Bach and N. K. Voynow .5..45

Hepatic Synthesis of Alpha2 (Acute Phase) -Globulin of Rat Plasma:E. J. Sarcione and A. E. Bogden.. 547

Toxic Impurities in Nalgene Filter Units: L. Simpson . .548

Galactose Conversion to D-Xylulose: An Alternate Route of GalactoseMetabolism: P. Cuatrecasas and S. Segal .549

Preferential Mating versus Mimicry: Disruptive Selection and Sex-LimitedDimorphism in Papilio glaucus: J. M. Burns .............................. 551

Glial Responses to Degenerating Cerebellar Cortico-Nuclear Pathways in the Cat:R. P. Eager and P. R. Eager .......................................... 553

Technical Comments: Separation of Gases by Zeolites: H. S. Sherry; R. M. Barer,D. L. Peterson, B. P. Schoenborn ...................................... 555

MEETINGS Tropical Oceanography: F. F. Koczy; Speleology: R. L. Curl and J. A. Stellmack .. 560

COVER

The sea as a builder constructed theselimestone ridges in the Great BahamaBank. Over countless years the pre-cipitation of chemicals in the waterand the drifting down of the shellsand skeletons of minute lime-bearingmarine organisms created depositswhich solidified into sedimentary rock.The ridges, shown here at high tide,are covered withw ;sand and mud andcreased with ripple marks formed bycurrents. The channels across thebanks are 10 to 15 feet deep. See page560. [Fritz Goro-Life (, Time Inc.]

29 July 1966, Volume 153, Number 3735

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FORTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

Science serves its readers as a forum forthe presentation and discussion of impor-tant issues related to the advancement ofscience, including the presentation of mi-nority or conflicting points of view, ratherthan by publishing only material on whicha consensus has been reached. Accordingly,all articles published in Science-.includingeditorials, news and comment, and bookreviews-are signed and reflect the indi-vidual views of the authors and not officialpoints of view adopted by the AAAS orthe institutions with which the authors areaffiliated.

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SCIENCE:

Government Support for Social ScienceA number of congressmen have become interested in developing better

policies to govern relations of the Federal Government to the socialsciences. A White House conference has been proposed, as has an Officeof Social Sciences parallel to the Office of Science and Technology. ANational Social Science Foundation, similar in organization and purposeto the National Science Foundation, has been recommended and was oneof the topics discussed at recent hearings held by the Senate Subcommitteeon Government Research (Science, 8 July 1966). Another bill beforeCongress proposes to assign to the National Science Foundation greaterresponsibility for increasing research competency in the social sciences.The current interest arose in part from the Camelot affair and the

resulting criticism of the Defense Department as an inappropriate agencyto support social science research, particularly research carried outabroad. Some of the critics seem to forget that the military services havefilled a gap that other agencies should have filled but did not. Howlopsided the situation has become is shown by 1966 expenditures. Of $25million spent by the U.S. Government on social science research abroad,the Department of Defense provided $12.5 million, while the Departmentof State provided only $200,000.

Policies concerning support and administration must be based on anunderstanding of why the Federal Government spends public funds onresearch in the social sciences. The reasons are exactly the same as thosefor supporting research in other areas: because it is good public policyto increase national research competency; and because the results areexpected to help solve problems of broad public concern.As for the first reason-fostering increased research competence-the

National Science Foundation seems likely to be more effective than aseparate agency, for the trend in science is toward a narrowing ratherthan a widening of the gaps separating different fields.

As for the second reason-usefulness--the historian Henry SteeleCommager has drawn a parallel between the problems that troubledsociety during the industrial revolution and those that trouble societytoday. Considering the use and abuse of technology during the industrialrevolution, it was humanistic values, he said, "and the practical effi-ciency of the social sciences which combined to provide partial solutionsof these problems," and then, turning to the problems that now beset theworld and the current uses and abuses of science and technology, added:

. . the social sciences are called upon to perform once again, on aworld scale, and for ultimate stakes, the tasks which they performed sowell in the [19th century]."

The responsibility of the several agencies concerned with these prob-lems is analogous to that of other agencies that find research useful inaccomplishing their missions. The Department of Housing and UrbanAffairs, the Agency for International Development, the Department ofState, and other agencies that deal with major social problems should bemarching up Capitol Hill asking for larger funds for research to enablethem to do their jobs more effectively in the future.

Support and active involvement of the National Science Foundationand the relevant mission-oriented agencies will serve better than woulda separate agency to keep the social sciences in close touch with othersciences and with the practical problems they can help solve. Compart-mentalization in a separate agency is neither the best means of strength-ening the social sciences nor of serving the Federal Government.

-DAEL WOLFLE