JULIUS CAESAR I CAME, I SAW, I CONQUERED. TIMELINE SO FAR… 509 – The Beginning of the Roman...
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Transcript of JULIUS CAESAR I CAME, I SAW, I CONQUERED. TIMELINE SO FAR… 509 – The Beginning of the Roman...
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JULIUS CAESARI CAME, I SAW, I CONQUERED
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TIMELINE SO FAR… 509 – The Beginning of the Roman Republic
264 – First Punic War
201 - Hannibal Barca def. at Battle of Zama (2nd Punic War)
146 – Carthage destroyed in Third Punic War
100 – THE BIRTH OF JULIUS CAESAR
71 – Spartacus rebellion defeated.
44 – THE DEATH OF JULIUS CAESAR
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ORIGINS
Claimed ancestor of Aeneas himself
From a rich Patrician family…
Why Caesar?
Born by Caesarian section?
Because of his thick head of hair?
Because of his bright eyes?
Because he killed an elephant in Battle?
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BAD START…
Politics in Rome were a bloody mess (literally), Sulla gave himself the role of dictator and had all his political enemies assassinated
Caesar was a target and fled Rome…
Eventually kidnapped and taken prisoner by pirates…
Eventually he escapes and crucifies all of them as promised…
Thankfully Caesar, Sulla dies and JC can return to Rome…
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BACK ON TRACK
Known as an excellent orator and public speaker, openly rips members of the senate and government
Elected Military Tribune
Elected Quaestor – 63 BC
Elected Praetor
The birth of political smear campaigns? Accuses the more experienced candidates of bribery and treason and convinces the voters of it and he wins the job.
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RISE COTINUES…
Gets the support of the richest man in Rome – our old friend Marcus Crassus in exchange for his support against Pompey
Pompey & Crassus are the 2 most powerful men at the time and hate each other
Elected Governor of Spain
Elected as Consul of Rome (as high as it gets)
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RESOLUTION
Caesar convinces enemies Pompey and Crassus that with their wealth and public favor they can essentially control everything in the Senate and in Rome
They hug it out
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FIRST TRIUMVATE
“Triumvirate” = The Rule of 3 Men
JULIUS CAESAR
CRASSUSPOMPEY
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GALLIC WARS Pretty much appoints himself to Govern Gaul
How long is a term in office in Roman Republic?
Caesar gets 5 years.
Why?
Debt – sees Gaul as a source of income
Motivation – Alexander the Great?
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GAUL
Modern Day France & Northern Italy
Previously unconquered land
Home of “Barbarian” Germanic Tribes
Caesar pushes into Britain & Germany
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GALLIC WARS
Caesar fights many battles with many different tribes
The lack of unity amongst the tribes proves to be their downfall
Caesar’s 5 years are up…they extend him for 5 more.
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VERCINGETORIX
Gallic General unites a bunch of the tribes in a large rebellion vs. Caesar
Culminates at the BATTLE OF ALESIA
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GAUL DEFEATED
51 BC – Rome is in complete control of Gaul
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FURTHER EXPANSION
Caesar attempts several campaigns into modern day Britain & Germany but is defeated or can’t sustain the progress
Plans to go back…
BUT!!!!....
JULIUS CAESAR
CRASSUSPOMPEY
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CIVIL WAR
POMPEY: Your term as consul is up, come back to Rome
CAESAR: Forget that, I know I’ll be persecuted
POMPEY: You refuse to come back? TREASON!
CAESAR: Fine I’ll come back .
CAESAR crosses the Rubicon river with his legions, seen as a threat to invade Rome and attack Pompey
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CIVIL WAR
Pompey flees to Spain
In Rome, Caesar appoints himself dictator and names Marc Antony his right hand man.
Caesar then makes himself win an election to be consul again and resigns title of Dictator
Chases Pompey all the way to Spain where Pompey is murdered.
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ROMANCE
While in Egypt he falls in love with Cleopatra
Caesar conquers Egypt and names Cleopatra as ruler.
Conquers Egypt so easily that he mocks Pompey who struggled there as a general for years.
Chases Pompey’s son around the Mediterranean, defeats them
Named Dictator for 10 years – Republic my left foot!
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REFORMS UNDER CAESAR
Conquered: France, Egypt, Spain
Elaborate Gladiatorial Games (Later…)
More Children = More $$$ (Repopulate Italy)
Added 3 months to 46BC to bring the calendar in alignment with the seasons and added a leap year every 4th year (almost identical to our calendar)
Rebuild Carthage & Corinth
Made a police force
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PROTECT HIS POWER
CAESAR: “I have the ability to appoint whoever I want as magistrates so when I go conquering elsewhere you guys can’t screw me over again.”
Before Caesar can leave the senate calls one last meeting to talk about some potential reforms…
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Et tu, Brute?
The Senators surround Caesar and each stab him, he was stabbed in total 23 times
SHAKESPEARE: Caesar sees one of his trusted allies Brutus amongst the killers and utters “and you Brutus?” in disbelief
REALITY: Unknown.
PEOPLE OF ROME, WE ARE NOW FREE!
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Ides of March
March 15th 44BC
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SUMMARY
Born into a wealthy family which had fallen on hard times.
Worked his way up the political ladder securing powerful allies.
Spent 10 years conquering Gaul to help pay his debts
Returned with legions into Rome to ignite a civil war
Defeated his Roman enemies declaring himself dictator for life
Assassination leads to the fall of the Roman Republic
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LEGACY?
Would you give Caesar control of your army?