THE INFLUENCE OF USING SNAKE AND LADDERS GAME TOWARD STUDENT’S

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE MASTERY AT TENTH GRADE OF SMA PANGUDI

LUHUR BANDARLAMPUNG IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2014/2015

By

Name: Muhammad Faddel

NPM: 1111040135

Class: PBI C

TARBIYAH AND TEACHER TRAINING FACULTY

THE STATE INSTITUTE OF ISLAMIC STUDIES

RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG

2015

A. Background of the Problem

Language is an important tool of communication. Without language, people will never able

to communicate with each other’s. Siahaan says that language is a set of rules used by

human as a tool of communication.1 It means that language can be a primary necessity in

human life. It has a big role for every people in making a good relationship with others.

Now days, English is the most important means of international communication. People

from all over the world speak the language when they meet each other in every

international meeting, conference, commerce or workshop. As the consequence, all

countries in the world have set English as one of the subject studied at schools.

            Indonesia as one of the developing country, has also set its educational curriculum

which include the teaching of English as a foreign language. English considered as the first

foreign language and taught formally from elementary school up to the university level.

The most often become to complain is the teachers ability in applying appropriate

approaches, methods, strategies or techniques in teaching or learning. So, many students

are not interest in learning English. Therefore, the English teacher suggested in order to be

able mastering of method. Many students who study English can’t use it for oral

communication because they don’t master English well mainly grammar and

vocabulary. In order to master English well. The elements of the language such us

vocabulary, grammar and sound system must also be taught to the students as the

basic knowledge to words the English use and skill. Through the study of

grammar, students would become more familiar with the grammar of their native

1 Sanggam Siahaan, 2008, The English Paragraph, Yogyakarta, Graha Ilmu, p.1

language and that this familiarity would help them understand, so they can speak

and write better.

          Unfortunately, English grammar sometimes makes Indonesian students confused

because it is different from the grammar of their mother tongue, so that the ability

of the Indonesian's students in grammar still low.

There are some additional for the importance of teaching grammar:

The grammar of foreign language is different and a new matter for students. When

his native language rulers are applied, he must make inference and or errors. This

brings a new problem in this foreign language.

The learner is unable to recall precisely all foreign language sentences that he has

learn to be used in communication. He has to know grammar to build sentences

productively to communicate.

       As teacher, we must prepare variety of technique of teaching to help our

studentsstudy and acquire grammar especially, for mastering present perfect

tense. Sometimes this involves teaching grammar rules.

Based on the previous statement above the researcher conduct a research under

title “The Influence of Snake and Ladders Games toward student’s present

perfect tense mastery at eight Grade ofSMP Pangudi Luhur Bandarlampung in the

academic year of 2014/2015”

B. Identification of the Problem

Based on the background of the problem above, the writer identified the problems as

follow:

1. The students get difficulties in learning grammar.

2. The students get the problem of learning present perfect tense.

3. The teacher’s approach in teaching grammar especially, for present perfect tense is

still less interesting.

C. Limitation of the Problem

In this research, the writer focused on the influence of Snake and Ladders Game

toward student’s present perfect tense mastery at tenth grade of SMA Pangudi

Luhur Bandarlampung in the academic year of 2014/2015

D. Formulation of the problem

The writer formulated the problem as follow:

“Is there any influence of Snake and Ladders Game toward student’s present

perfect tense mastery at tenth grade of SMA Pangudi Luhur Bandarlampungin

the academic year of 2014/2015?”

E. Objective of the Research

Based on the formulation of the problem, the objective of the researchis to know whether

there is any influence of Snake and Ladders Game toward student’s present

perfect tense mastery at tenth grade of SMA Pangudi Luhur Bandarlampungin the

academic year of 2014/2015.

F. Significant of the Research

1. Theorical Constribution

For the theorical contribution, the results of this research are expected to support the

previous theories about the influence of Snake and Ladders Game toward

student’s present perfect tense mastery.

2. Practical Constribution

For practical contribution, the results of this research are expected the teacher can use

Snake and Ladders game in teaching present perfect tense , and the students can

increase their grammar skill ability through this game.

G. Scope of the Research

1. Subject of the Research

The subject of the research is the students at the tenth grade of SMA Pangudi Luhur

Bandarlampung in academic year 2014/2015.

2. Object of the Research

The object of research is the snake-and-ladders game and students’ present perfect

tense mastery.

H. Research Setting

The research will be conducted at SMA Pangudi Luhur Bandarlampung.

I. Time of Research

The research will be conducted in academic year 2014/2015.

J. Theory

a. Concept of Teaching English as a Foreign Language.

Language is a system of vocal sounds and combinations of such sounds to which

meaning is attributed, used for the expression or communication of thought and feeling.2

While Hornby states that language is a human and non-intensive method of

communicating ideas, feelings and desires by means of a system of sounds and sound

symbols.3

Based on the explanation above, language is a tool of communication that use by many

people to express their feelings, ideas, desires in order to the people can understand what

they mean. Language is used many people build a good relationship each other’s.

English is one of more popular international foreign language that is used by many

people around the world. People use it to communicate or to interact with other people in

doing their daily activity life. English must be taught in order to the students are able to

compete in this global era. Many of the requirements, like getting jobs and continuing

study, need English skill. In teaching English as foreign language, the teachers should be

able to manage the classroom well. The teacher should be creative and manage the

classroom with interesting technique as Brown States, teaching is showing or helping

2 Michael Agnes, 2002, Webster’s New World College Dictionary, Wiley Publishing, Fourth edition:Canada, p.805

3 A.S Hornby, 1987, Oxford Advanced Learners Dicionary, Oxford: Oxford University press, p.437

someone to learn how to do something, giving instructions in the study of something,

providing with language, and causing to know or understand.4It means that teacher have

to make the students fell comfort and interest in studying subject by using a creative

technique so the students will focus on learning process.

b. Concept of teaching Grammar

Teaching grammar has always been one of the controversial issues in language teaching,

including English. There have always been many arguments about the best way of

teaching grammar. Different methods and strategies have permanently waxed and waned

in popularity. Richards and Schmidt (2002) defined grammar as a description of the

structure of a lane guage and the way in which linguistic units such as words and phrases

are combined to produce sentences in a language. It usually takes into account the

meanings and functions these sentences have in the overall system of the language.

Nunan (2003) distinguished two types of grammar, namely prescriptive grammar, which

refers to rules concerned with right and wrong, and descriptive grammar which deals with

the ways people actually use language.

According to Richards and Schmidt (2002), in the past teaching language in general and

teaching grammar were synonymous. A number of methodologies have emerged with

regard to teaching grammar, one of which was the audiolingual method replete with

usually monotonous and mechanical drills. Two recent trends have emerged: focus on

form (Doughty and Williams, 1998) and consciousness raising (Fotos and Ellis, 1991).

Spada (1997) defined form focused instruction as "any pedagogical effort which is used

to draw the learners' attention to language form either implicitly or explicitly."

Consciousness-raising according to Larsen-Freeman (2001) does not require students to

produce target structures. In-stead, students are made aware of the target grammatical

item through discovery-oriented tasks. Finally, Brown (2001) postulated that whether you

choose to explain grammatical rules or not depends on your context of teaching.

K. Hypothesis

4H. Douglas Brown, 1994, Teaching Principle of Language and Teaching, Practice Hall Regents, New Jersey, p.7

The writer formulates the hypothesis of this research as follows:

Ho : There is no influence snake and ladders-game toward students’ present perfect

tense mastery.

H1 / Ha : There is influence snake and ladders-game toward students’ present perfect

tense mastery.

L. Research Design

The writer use experimental method in collecting and analyzing the data. Experimental

Research involves a study of the effect of the systematic manipulation of one variable(s)

on another variable. The manipulated variable is called the experimental treatmentor the

independent variable.The observed and measured variable is called the dependent

variable.5

The goal of experimental research is to determine whether a causal relationship exists

between two or more variables. Because the experiment involvescontrol and careful

observation and measurement, this research method provides the mostconvincing

evidence of the effect that one variable has on another.

1. Research Design

The writer will use true-experimental design to get to get the high internal and external

validity. Setiady points out in true experimental design there some criteria including.6

a) Control class

b) The subject of both control class and experiment class are chosen randomly.

5 Donald ary,dkk, 2010, Introduction to research in Education, Wadsworth, Eighth Edition : Canada, p.2656 Setiyadi, Metode Penelitian Untuk Pengajaran Bahasa Asing Edisi 1, Graha Ilmu, Jakarja, 2006, p.141

c) Pre-test is given to know the students’ achievement before treatments. It can be

persented follows:

G1 (random) T1 X T2

G2 (random) T1 0 T2

Where:

G1: experimental class

G2: control class

T1: pre-test

X: treatment by using snake-and-ladders game.

0:

T2: post test

The writer will observe the result of the pre-test and post-test, and compare them. The

writer will use the control group pre-test post-test design to measure both control class and

experiment class’ achievement. The pre-test will be done to both classes before the

treatment to know the students’ early achievement. Then the treatment will be done only to

the experimental class while for the control class will be taught by usual learning media.

The post-test will be done to both classes; the comparison will be done between the result

of the students’ achievement before the treatment and after the treatment. The result will

give an idea whether the media work or not.

2. Population

Arikunto said that “population is all research subject”.7 While Setiyadi states,”all

individuals which can be the target in research are called population”.8 So the population of

this research is the students at tenth grade of SMA Pangudi Luhur Bandarlampung in

academic year 2014/2015. The population of this research consist of students including 2

(two) classes.

a. Sample And Sampling Technique

The sample of the research will be two classes, one class as the experimental class and one

class as the control class. Because there are only two classes of tenth grade at SMP

Pangudi Luhur, the writer will take both classes, they are X1 as experimental class and X2

as control class.

Arikunto said that if population is less than 100 then taken all, but if the population is more

than 100 then take 10-15% or more.9 Because the students’ of Senior High School

Tamansiswa Teluk Betung at the tenth grade is only two clasees, so the writer will take

both classes as a sampling technique that consist of 35 students each class. One is as an

experimental class and one other is as a control class.

b. Data Collection Technique

In this research the writer will use the data which come from:

1. Pretest

7 Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek Edisi Revisi Vi, Rineka Cipta, Jakarta, 2010, p.1348 Setiyadi, Op. Cit p.789 Suharsimi Arikunto, Op. Cit, p.134

The pretest will be done to know the students’ ability before the treatment. The test

will be done by writing. The scoring will be based on the ideas, coherence, and unity.

The result of the test will be written in the scoring column on the paper.

2. Treatment

The treatment will be done to apply the writing process approach in students’ writing.

In order to assess the teacher in teaching writing and the students’ learn. For

experimental class the writer will teach the students’ by using Snake and Ladders

Game , and for control class the writer will use the teacher way.

3. Post-test

The post test will be done to know the students’ writing ability after they are taught

using writing process. The system and the difficulty of post-test will be same as the

pre-test, both of them will be used to measure the students’ writing ability in writing

after the Snake and Ladders Game applied.

3. To Research Instrument

In this research the instrument is test. The test will be in the form or written test. This

test will be aimed to measure the students’ present perfect tensemastery.

4. Technique of data analysis

Data analysis is the process systematically searching and arranging the interview,

transcript field notes, and other materials that you accumulate to increase your own

understanding of them and to enable you to present what you have discovered to

others.10 In this research, the technique of data analysis test, observation, and data

will be analyzed in steps belows:

10 Sugiono, Op.Cit. Page 24

1. Data From test

This data was gained to find out the result score from the students in writing by

using Snake and Ladders Game s which applied into two classes, experiment and

controlled class. It was obtained from A class as an experimental class and B class

as a controlled class at SMA Pangudi Luhur Bandarlampung.

2. Observation

The data from observation was conducted by the writer to help him easier in

reporting the research report, this data analyze about the teaching-learning process

were conducted by the English teacher in the classroom.