Judith Jeevarajan, Ph.D. IAASS Conference … Process for Commercial Batteries for Payloads Judith...
Transcript of Judith Jeevarajan, Ph.D. IAASS Conference … Process for Commercial Batteries for Payloads Judith...
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
Cer
tific
atio
n Pr
oces
s fo
r C
omm
erci
al B
atte
ries
for
Payl
oads
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n, P
h.D
.N
AS
A-J
SC
2ndIA
ASS
Con
fere
nce
Chi
cago
, IL
May
, 200
7
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070020444 2018-05-20T20:02:50+00:00Z
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
2
Con
tent
s
•In
trod
uctio
n•
Req
uire
men
ts a
nd D
ocum
ents
•B
atte
ry C
ert p
roce
ss•
Exem
ptio
ns•
Bat
tery
App
rova
l For
ms
•N
ew B
atte
ry A
ppro
val F
orm
-03
•B
atte
ry C
hem
istr
ies,
haz
ards
and
con
trol
s
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
3
Intr
oduc
tion
•B
atte
ries
are
high
ene
rgy
devi
ces
that
are
us
ed to
pow
er h
ardw
are
for s
pace
ap
plic
atio
ns•
App
licat
ions
incl
ude
IVA
(Int
raV
ehic
ular
Act
ivity
) and
EV
A (E
xtra
Veh
icul
arAc
tivity
) us
e.•
Hig
h en
ergy
bat
terie
s po
se h
azar
ds s
uch
as
cell/
batte
ry v
entin
g le
adin
g to
ele
ctro
lyte
(li
quid
or g
as) l
eaka
ge, h
igh
tem
pera
ture
s,
fire
and
expl
osio
n (s
hrap
nel).
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
4
Req
uire
men
t for
Saf
ety
Maj
or R
equi
rem
ent f
or C
OTS
and
no
n-C
OTS
:Tw
o-fa
ult t
oler
ance
to c
atas
troph
ic
failu
res;
one
-faul
t tol
eran
ce to
cr
itica
l fai
lure
sH
azar
d ca
tego
ry is
bas
ed o
n to
xici
ty
of e
lect
roly
te (c
hem
istry
) and
en
ergy
den
sity
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
5
Req
uire
men
ts D
ocum
ents
•JS
C 2
0793
, Rev
A “C
rew
ed S
pace
Veh
icle
Saf
ety
Req
uire
men
ts” i
s th
e to
p-le
vel r
efer
ence
for b
atte
ry s
afet
y re
quire
men
ts.
•P
aylo
ad S
afet
y R
equi
rem
ents
: NS
TS 1
700.
7B S
ectio
n 20
0.1b
-S
afet
y P
olic
y an
d R
equi
rem
ents
for P
aylo
ads
usin
g th
e S
TS•
Spa
ce S
tatio
n S
afet
y R
equi
rem
ents
: SS
P 5
0021
Sec
tion
3.3.
6.1.
1 –
Saf
ety
Req
uire
men
ts D
ocum
ent f
or IS
S•
SS
P 5
0094
Joi
nt R
ussi
an a
nd U
S re
quire
men
ts fo
r IS
S•
Spa
ce S
huttl
e S
afet
y R
equi
rem
ents
: NS
TS 2
2254
Sec
tion
1.6
-M
etho
dolo
gy fo
r Con
duct
of S
pace
Shu
ttle
Pro
gram
Haz
ard
Ana
lyse
s an
d S
ectio
n 1D
201.
6 of
NH
B 5
300.
4 (1
D-2
) –S
afet
y,
Rel
iabi
lity,
Mai
ntai
nabi
lity
and
Qua
lity
Pro
visi
ons
for t
he S
SP
.•
Spa
ce S
tatio
n/S
huttl
e S
afet
y R
equi
rem
ents
: JS
C 2
8484
S
ectio
n 3.
3.6
-Pro
gram
Req
uire
men
ts D
ocum
ent f
or J
SC
Non
-cr
itica
l GFE
.•
Rus
sian
Req
uire
men
ts D
ocum
ent:
P32
928-
103
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
6
Bat
tery
Req
uire
men
ts D
ocum
ent
•Tw
o ba
ttery
requ
irem
ents
doc
umen
ts:
JSC
207
93R
evA
Cre
wed
Spa
ce V
ehic
le B
atte
ry
Req
uire
men
ts(o
ld M
anne
d Sp
ace
Veh
icle
Bat
tery
Han
dboo
k)an
d E
A-C
WI-
033
Bat
tery
Pro
cess
ing
Cur
rent
ly b
oth
are
foun
d on
the
Inte
rnal
JSC
-EA
web
site
Expo
rt C
ontro
l cle
ared
for p
ublic
acc
ess
Inte
rnat
iona
l Par
tner
PO
Csa
t ESA
and
RSC
E ha
ve c
opie
s
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
7
Com
plia
nce
•C
ompl
ianc
e w
ith th
ese
esta
blis
hed
requ
irem
ents
for C
OTS
and
non
-CO
TS
requ
ires
data
.•
Cer
tific
ate
of C
ompl
ianc
e (C
of C
) fro
m
the
vend
or is
insu
ffici
ent f
or s
afet
y ce
rtific
atio
n.•
Exe
mpt
ions
exi
st fo
r bat
terie
s th
at fa
ll un
der t
he n
on-c
ritic
al h
azar
d ca
tego
ry
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
8
CO
TS
Bat
tery
Cer
tific
atio
n Pr
oces
s
New
Bat
tery
Abu
se
Cel
l and
Bat
tery
Tes
t
Flig
ht A
ccep
tanc
eTe
st o
f Bat
terie
sQ
ualif
icat
ion
Test
of
Bat
terie
s
Perf
orm
ance
Engi
neer
ing
/C
ertif
icat
ion
Test
Envi
ronm
ent T
est
New
Bat
tery
Abu
se
Cel
l and
Bat
tery
Tes
t
Flig
ht A
ccep
tanc
eTe
st o
f Bat
terie
sQ
ualif
icat
ion
Test
of
Bat
terie
s
Perf
orm
ance
Engi
neer
ing
/C
ertif
icat
ion
Test
Envi
ronm
ent T
est
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
9
Subs
eque
nt N
ew L
ot o
f Cer
tifie
d B
atte
ries
New
Lot
/ B
atch
of
Bat
terie
s Flig
ht A
ccep
tanc
e Te
stLo
t Sam
ple
Test
Crit
ical
eng
inee
ring
/ qua
lific
atio
n te
sts
on b
atte
ries a
nd c
ells
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
10
Cur
rent
Saf
ety
Cer
tific
atio
n Pr
oces
s
Safe
ty D
ata
Pack
age
Stan
dard
: Fo
rm 1
230/
1230
Ror
U
niqu
e H
azar
d R
epor
t
Form
906
for T
rans
port
on
Rus
sian
Veh
icle
s an
d Fo
rm 9
07 F
or O
pera
tion
of B
asic
Sta
tion
Equi
pmen
t
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
11
Exe
mpt
ions
•A
lkal
ines
: 12
V a
nd 6
0 W
h; o
nly
in s
erie
s or
onl
y in
par
alle
l; no
co
mbi
natio
ns o
f ser
ies-
para
llel,
no g
astig
ht b
atte
ry c
ompa
rtmen
t–
Flig
ht c
ells
and
bat
teri
es sh
ould
pas
s acc
epta
nce
test
s tha
t inc
lude
vis
ual
exam
inat
ion,
OC
V, C
CV
/func
tiona
l che
ck, v
acuu
m le
ak c
heck
(0.1
psi
afo
r 6
hour
s)–
App
licat
ion
and
prot
ectiv
e ci
rcui
t sch
emat
ic to
be
revi
ewed
and
app
rove
d by
ea
ch a
genc
ies a
ppoi
nted
Bat
tery
app
rove
r/te
am.
Nee
d fo
r V
ente
d B
atte
ry C
ompa
rtm
ent:
Ene
rgy
Con
tent
: W
ater
: KO
H e
lect
roly
te is
30
-45
% w
eigh
t in
wat
er.
KO
H is
el
ectr
olyt
e in
alk
alin
e ce
lls.
If e
lect
roly
zed
by in
adve
rten
t cha
rge
or
over
disc
harg
e, it
yie
lds a
H2/O
2m
ixtu
re th
at h
as a
n eq
uiva
lent
of 5
783
Btu
/lb
(Oxy
gen
is n
on-f
lam
mab
le b
ut su
ppor
ts a
nd v
igor
ousl
y ac
cele
rate
s com
bust
ion
of fl
amm
able
s; h
ydro
gen
is in
itse
lf a
fuel
).
Not
e: D
cel
l is 1
8 A
h ca
paci
tyW
h: V
x A
h (V
olta
ge x
Cap
acity
)
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
12
Shor
t Cir
cuit
Tes
t on
Alk
alin
e C
ells
5060708090100
110
120
Dur
acel
l (C
T)D
urac
ell (
Ultr
a)En
ergi
zer (
E2)E
nerg
izer
(Std
)R
ayov
ac
Temperature ( deg C)o
)
9-V
AA
AA
AC
5060708090100
110
120
Dur
acel
l (C
T)D
urac
ell (
Ultr
a)En
ergi
zer (
E2)E
nerg
izer
(Std
)R
ayov
ac
Temperature ( deg C)o
)
9-V
AA
AA
AC
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
13
Exe
mpt
ions
•B
utto
n ce
lls o
f Li p
rimar
y ty
pes
(LiC
F x, L
iMnO
2, Li
FeS
2, Li
V2O
5, Li
-iodi
ne, e
tc.),
Li r
echa
rgea
bles
(incl
udes
all
li-io
n, L
iV2O
5, Li
MnO
2, et
c.),
NiM
H, N
iCd,
Ag/
Zn, o
f 300
mA
hor
less
and
cel
ls
are
not i
n a
gas-
tight
com
partm
ent.
•N
o Li
BC
X, L
iSO
2, Li
SO
2Cl 2
or L
iSO
Cl 2
–Fl
ight
cel
ls a
nd b
atte
ries s
houl
d pa
ss a
ccep
tanc
e te
sts t
hat i
nclu
de v
isua
l ex
amin
atio
n, O
CV
, CC
V/fu
nctio
nal c
heck
, vac
uum
leak
che
ck (0
.1 p
sia
for 6
hou
rs)
–A
pplic
atio
n an
d pr
otec
tive
circ
uit s
chem
atic
to b
e re
view
ed a
nd a
ppro
ved
by e
ach
agen
cies
app
oint
ed B
atte
ry a
ppro
ver/t
eam
.–
Abo
ve a
ccep
tanc
e te
stin
g fo
r but
ton
cells
in S
ectio
n 9.
2 w
hich
are
so
lder
ed to
a c
ircui
t boa
rd in
com
mer
cial
equ
ipm
ent (
not a
pplic
able
to
thos
e bu
tton
cells
in a
sprin
g-lo
aded
clip
) is l
imite
d to
a fu
nctio
nal c
heck
of
the
equi
pmen
t util
izin
g th
e su
bjec
t bat
tery
.
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
14
Exe
mpt
ions
for
Red
uced
Tes
ting
•C
OTS
NiM
H, N
iCd
and
Ag/
Zn c
ells
and
bat
terie
s fo
r IV
A u
se u
p to
20
V a
nd 6
0 W
h–
Cel
ls a
nd b
atte
ries p
urch
ased
in o
ne lo
t; pa
ss a
ccep
tanc
e te
sts t
hat
incl
ude
load
ed a
nd o
pen
circ
uit v
olta
ge m
easu
rem
ents
, vis
ual
exam
inat
ion,
leak
age
chec
k un
der v
acuu
m (e
.g 6
hou
rs a
t 0.1
psia
)an
d vi
brat
ion
to w
orkm
ansh
ip le
vels
with
func
tiona
l che
cks w
hich
incl
ude
char
ge/d
isc
–R
equi
re th
e us
e of
For
m-0
3 fo
r the
app
rova
l pro
cess
. M
anuf
actu
rer’
s spe
cific
atio
n, b
atte
ry p
rote
ctiv
e fe
atur
es a
nd
char
ger s
chem
atic
shal
l be
prov
ided
for a
ppro
val f
rom
the
resp
ectiv
e B
atte
ry a
ppro
ver/t
eam
for e
ach
agen
cy.
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
15
Exe
mpt
ions
for
Red
uced
Tes
ting
•C
OTS
Li-i
on b
atte
ries
up to
10
V a
nd 6
0 W
hfo
r IV
A u
se
–B
atte
ries a
nd c
harg
er sh
all b
e fr
om a
sing
le lo
t; sh
all s
how
one
-fau
lt to
lera
nce
at b
atte
ry le
vel a
nd sh
all p
ass a
ccep
tanc
e te
sts t
hat i
nclu
de
load
ed a
nd o
pen
circ
uit v
olta
ge m
easu
rem
ents
, vis
ual e
xam
inat
ion,
le
akag
e ch
eck
unde
r vac
uum
(e.g
6 h
ours
at 0
.1ps
ia) a
nd v
ibra
tion
to
envi
ronm
ent o
r dou
ble
the
wor
kman
ship
leve
l, w
hich
ever
is h
ighe
r; an
d fu
nctio
nal c
heck
s whi
ch in
clud
e ch
arge
/dis
char
ge c
ycle
s. –
Req
uire
the
use
of F
orm
-03
for t
he a
ppro
val p
roce
ss.
Bat
tery
pro
tect
ive
feat
ures
and
cha
rger
sche
mat
ic sh
all b
e pr
ovid
ed fo
r app
rova
l fro
m th
e re
spec
tive
Bat
tery
app
rove
r/tea
m fo
r eac
h ag
ency
.N
ote:
Oth
er le
vels
of c
ontro
l sha
ll be
from
har
dwar
e us
ing
batte
ry, a
nd/o
r ch
arge
r; ex
istin
g da
ta fr
om p
ast e
xper
ienc
e; c
rew
mem
ber p
roce
dure
s in
the
even
t of a
n em
erge
ncy
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
16
New
Bat
tery
App
rova
l For
ms
Mul
tilat
eral
Bat
tery
Mee
ting
was
hel
d be
twee
n:U
S, R
SC
-E, E
SA
and
JA
XA
at N
AS
A-J
SC
Upd
ates
gen
erat
ed a
s a
resu
lt of
thes
e m
eetin
gs:
•E
P-F
orm
-03
will
be
nece
ssar
y fo
r app
rova
l of U
S a
nd E
SA
bat
terie
s.
•E
P-F
orm
-17
and
EP
-For
m -1
7R fo
r inf
orm
atio
n ex
chan
ge w
ith R
SC
-E–
Aft
er a
ppro
val o
f the
For
m-0
3, th
e B
atte
ry e
xper
t will
com
plet
e a
EP-
Form
-17
on th
e U
S si
de.
•Th
e E
P-F
orm
-17s
hav
e le
ss in
form
atio
n bu
t will
let t
he c
ount
er-a
genc
y kn
ow th
at th
e ba
ttery
saf
ety
has
been
app
rove
d by
the
Bat
tery
exp
ert.
•E
P-F
orm
-17
will
be
subm
itted
by
the
Bat
tery
exp
ert a
long
with
the
Form
12
30 a
nd F
orm
907
sub
mitt
ed b
y th
e ha
rdw
are
owne
rs.
•
Uni
que
Haz
ard
Rep
orts
nee
d no
t be
subm
itted
to c
ount
er-a
genc
y if
the
EP
-For
m-1
7 is
sub
mitt
ed.
How
ever
, Uni
que
Haz
ard
Rep
orts
sha
ll be
su
bmitt
ed to
the
resp
ectiv
e ag
enci
es in
the
Saf
ety
Dat
a P
acka
ge fo
r ap
prov
al b
y th
e B
atte
ry e
xper
t.
•U
pdat
ed F
orm
907
to b
e co
nsis
tent
with
For
m 1
230.
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
17
EP-
Form
-03
•R
equi
res
the
loca
tion
and
envi
ronm
ent (
tem
pera
ture
, pr
essu
re, e
tc.)
of h
ardw
are/
batte
ry•
Req
uire
s in
form
atio
n on
pre
fligh
t, on
-orb
it an
d po
st
fligh
t bat
tery
pro
cess
es•
Req
uire
s in
form
atio
n on
two-
faul
t tol
eran
ce
•V
erifi
es if
app
rova
ls fo
r tox
icity
and
mat
eria
ls
com
patib
ility
wer
e ob
tain
ed
Ref
er to
EA
-CW
I-033
for d
etai
ls o
n B
atte
ry P
roce
ssin
g
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
18
Bat
tery
Che
mis
trie
san
dH
azar
ds
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
19
Com
mon
ly U
sed
Lith
ium
Pri
mar
y B
atte
ries
Li-M
nO2
(Man
gane
se d
ioxi
de)
Li-S
OC
l 2(th
iony
lchl
orid
e)
Li-B
CX
(thi
onyl
chlo
ride
with
bro
min
e/ch
lorid
e ad
ditiv
e)
Li-S
O2C
l 2(s
ulfu
rylc
hlor
ide)
Li-S
O2
(sul
fur d
ioxi
de)
Li-C
F x(p
oly-
carb
on m
onof
luor
ide)
Li-F
eS2
(iron
dis
ulfid
e)
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
20
Li P
rim
arie
s with
Org
anic
Ele
ctro
lyte
sH
azar
ds A
nd C
ontr
ols
Type
s: L
iMnO
2, Li
CF x
, LiV
2O5,
LiFe
S 2, e
tc.
Haz
ards
:–
Elec
troly
te le
akag
e-co
rros
ive,
flam
mab
le, i
rrita
nt–
Ven
ting
and
fire
at h
igh
tem
pera
ture
s•
Failu
re M
odes
–in
adve
rten
t cha
rgin
g, o
verd
isch
arge
into
re
vers
al, s
hort
circ
uit a
nd h
igh
tem
pera
ture
exp
osur
e•
Con
trol
s –
Lot
test
ing,
100
% fl
ight
AT
P te
stin
g w
ith le
ak c
heck
s–
Dem
onst
rate
tole
ranc
e to
inte
rnal
shor
t, m
anuf
actu
ring
qua
lity
cont
rol r
ecor
d, o
r sc
reen
ing
of fl
ight
bat
teri
es (e
g. V
ibra
tion)
–T
est d
ata
on e
xter
nal s
hort
, ina
dver
tant
char
ge, o
verd
isch
arge
into
rev
ersa
l with
pro
tect
ion
agai
nst a
ll th
ree
–T
empe
ratu
re m
onito
ring
whe
re n
eces
sary
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
21
Li P
rim
arie
s with
Inor
gani
c E
lect
roly
te
LiB
CX
, LiS
OC
l 2, L
iSO
2Cl 2,
LiS
O2
TNT:
192
9 B
tu/lb
LiSO
Cl 2/
LiB
CX
: 200
0 B
tu/lb Pr
essu
re re
cord
ed d
urin
g H
eat-t
o-Ve
nt te
st o
n a
sing
le C
si
ze L
iBC
Xce
ll
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
22
Haz
ards
:–
Elec
troly
te le
akag
e-co
rros
ive-
harm
ful t
o th
e lu
ngs,
eyes
and
skin
, can
be
leth
al–
Expl
osio
n at
hig
h te
mpe
ratu
res
•Fa
ilure
Mod
es –
inad
vert
ent c
harg
ing,
ove
rdis
char
gein
to
reve
rsal
, sho
rt c
ircui
t and
hig
h te
mpe
ratu
re e
xpos
ure
•C
ontr
ols
–L
ot te
stin
g, 1
00 %
flig
ht A
TP
test
ing
with
leak
che
cks
–D
emon
stra
te to
lera
nce
to in
tern
al sh
ort,
man
ufac
turi
ng q
ualit
y co
ntro
l rec
ord,
or
scre
enin
g of
flig
ht b
atte
ries
(eg.
Vib
ratio
n)–
Tes
t dat
a on
ext
erna
l sho
rt, i
nadv
erta
ntch
arge
, ove
rdis
char
gein
to r
ever
sal w
ith
prot
ectio
n ag
ains
t all
thre
e–
Tem
pera
ture
mon
itori
ng w
here
nec
essa
ry
–C
ells
shal
l be
herm
etic
ally
seal
ed
Haz
ards
and
Con
trol
s
NO
T A
llow
ed in
Cre
w C
abin
on
Shut
tle a
nd
Stat
ion
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
23
Typ
ical
Pro
tect
ion
agai
nst E
xter
nal S
hort
and
O
verd
isch
arge
into
Rev
ersa
l
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
24
Typ
ical
Pro
tect
ion
agai
nst I
nadv
erte
nt C
harg
e,
Ext
erna
l sho
rt a
nd O
verd
isch
arge
into
Rev
ersa
l
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
25
Oth
er P
rote
ctiv
e D
evic
es fo
r P
rimar
y an
d S
econ
dary
B
atte
ries
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
26
Fuse
sSi
ngle
Use
–m
ostly
in p
rimar
y ba
tterie
s
Mul
tiple
Use
–m
ostly
in re
char
geab
leba
tterie
s
Switc
hes/
PTC
switc
h
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
27
NiC
dan
d N
iMH
Haz
ards
: –
Ele
ctro
lyte
leak
age
–co
rros
ive,
cau
stic
–H
igh
tem
pera
ture
s
Failu
re M
odes
:–
Ove
rcha
rge,
ove
rdis
char
gein
to r
ever
sal,
exte
rnal
shor
t cir
cuit,
hig
h te
mpe
ratu
res
Con
trol
: –
Goo
d en
d-of
-cha
rge
cuto
ff, p
erio
dic
mai
nten
ance
/con
ditio
ning
(to
rem
ove
mem
ory
effe
ct),
good
equ
ipm
ent o
r ot
her
unde
rvol
tage
cuto
ff, g
ood
shor
t ci
rcui
t and
ther
mal
pro
tect
ion
(pol
ywitc
hes,
ther
mal
fuse
s, et
c.)
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
28
Li-i
on/L
i-ion
Pol
ymer
Bat
teri
es
Haz
ards
: –
Ele
ctro
lyte
leak
age
–ir
rita
nt, f
lam
mab
le
Failu
re M
odes
:–
Ove
rcha
rge,
ext
erna
l sho
rt c
ircu
it, h
igh
tem
pera
ture
s
Con
trol
: –
Cel
l Ban
k vo
ltage
mon
itori
ng, p
rote
ctio
n ag
ains
t ove
rvol
tage
, und
ervo
ltage
and
over
curr
ent(
IC c
hips
, MO
SFE
Ts,
PTC
s, fu
ses)
–V
ibra
tion
scre
enin
g or
man
ufac
turi
ng c
ontr
ol d
ocum
ent r
ecor
ds fo
r in
tern
al
shor
t con
trol
s–
Hig
h te
mpe
ratu
re p
rote
ctio
n –
tem
pera
ture
mon
itori
ng, t
herm
al fu
ses
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
29
Tox
icity
Ref
eren
ce In
form
atio
n
Tox
mem
o sh
ould
be
obta
ined
from
the
toxi
colo
gist
who
mak
es
the
final
dec
isio
n.•
KO
H:
alka
line,
NiC
d, N
iMH
, AgZ
n–
caus
tic a
nd c
orro
sive
-will
bu
rn s
kin
and
eyes
. Ty
pica
lly T
ox2.
•H
2SO
4: Le
ad a
cid-
acid
ic a
nd c
orro
sive
, will
cre
ate
acid
fum
es
that
can
dam
age
thro
at a
nd lu
ngs.
Typ
ical
ly T
ox2
unle
ss th
e am
ount
is s
igni
fican
tly la
rge.
•S
OC
l 2: L
iSO
Cl 2
and
BC
X-b
urn
skin
, eye
s, d
amag
e th
roat
and
lu
ngs
to a
hig
her d
egre
e th
an a
bove
and
can
be
leth
al. T
ox4;
co
uld
be lo
wer
if e
lect
roly
te q
uant
ity is
neg
ligib
le.
•Li
(CF)
xan
d Li
MnO
2, Li
-ion:
affe
cts
skin
and
eye
s on
con
tact
; el
ectro
lyte
is fl
amm
able
and
can
cau
se fi
re in
the
pres
ence
of a
n ig
nitio
n so
urce
. To
x2
depe
ndin
g on
nat
ure
of s
alt i
n el
ectro
lyte
.
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
30
Con
clus
ions
•Th
e ne
w p
roce
ss s
houl
d si
mpl
ify th
e in
form
atio
n pr
oces
sing
load
on
Inte
rnat
iona
l pa
rtner
s.
•Al
thou
gh it
requ
ires
mor
e w
ork
on th
e pa
rt of
th
e B
atte
ry E
xper
ts, i
t red
uces
the
amou
nt o
f da
ta tr
ansf
erre
d be
twee
n th
e ag
enci
es.
•Th
e ne
w re
quire
men
ts d
ocum
ents
pro
vide
de
taile
d in
form
atio
n on
saf
ely
proc
essi
ng
batte
ries
for f
light
.
Judi
th J
eeva
raja
n/N
ASA
-JSC
31
Ack
now
ledg
men
t
Inte
rnat
iona
l Par
tner
s –
ES
A a
nd R
SC
-EA
ll m
embe
rs o
f the
saf
ety
pane
ls (P
SR
P, S
MA
RT,
S
RP
, SS
RP
)JA
RS
WG
, JC
CT
mem
bers