{ The Organization of the Federal Courts PowerPoint Review of the Judicial Branch.
Judicial Branch Chapter 11: The Federal Court System.
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Transcript of Judicial Branch Chapter 11: The Federal Court System.
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Judicial Branch
Chapter 11: The Federal Court System
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JOB OF THE JUDICIAL BRANCH
To interpret laws
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Types of Courts
• Inferior
Supreme
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Jurisdiction
authority to hear a case
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State courts have jurisdiction over cases involving state laws.
Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases involving ______________ laws.
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Federal JurisdictionHow do you know (if it’s a federal case)?
What it’s about• US laws • Treaties• Interpretation of the
Constitution (Monroe v. Madison)
• Maritime law (shipping)
Who’s involved• Ambassadors • Citizens of different states• State vs. state• US government
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Types of Jurisdiction
original
appellate
concurrent
Hears a case first
Hears a case on appeal
Shared between federal and state
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Supreme Court (original and appellate)
94 District Courts (original, most trial cases)
Special Courts (Tax Court, Territorial Courts, etc.)
Appeals from State Supreme Courts
12 Appeals Courts (appellate)
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LIFETHE TERM OF A FEDERAL JUDGE
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HOW CAN A FEDERAL JUDGE BE REMOVED?
Impeachment by Congress
A check (and balance)
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Supreme Court
Has _______ members
Each judge is called a __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
The chief justice is John R______________.
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Judicial Review
• The power to declare a law or court case to be unconstitutional
• Established in M________ vs. M_________• Most cases [are, are not ] about
Constitutionality, but they get more press.
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Supreme Court Jurisdiction
•Original When foreign governments or a State is involved
MOST cases are on appeal.•Appellate
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Types of Courts
• Inferior
Supreme
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Inferior Courts
Constitutional Courts• Article __ __ __ courts
• __ __ __ __ __ courts*
Special Courts* • Article __ Courts
• Deal with the ___________ powers of Congress
• Ex: US Tax Court, US Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, Territorial Courts, Courts of District of Columbia
• *Legislative courts
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• (94) District Courts*at least 1 per state
District Courts hear 80 % of federal cases.
• Criminal cases • Civil cases
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Supreme Court Decisions
Chapter 12
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A term begins in
October
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During the term, each month
The first 2 weeks• They “sit” and listen to
__________ arguments.
The second 2 weeks• They do paper work during
their “ __ __ __ __ __ __ .”
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The number of cases per yearHow many are appealed
to the Court
• About 9,000
How many are heardby the Court
• About 100
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Rule of Four
• 4 justices must agree to hear a case
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Briefs
• Written documents read by judges before the case
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Oral Arguments
Lawyers may talk before the Court for only 30 minutes.
• When a red light comes on, they have to stop immediately.
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Opinion
• Written statements about a case
• The ___________ opinion is in favor of the winning side.
• The concurring opinion is from a justice who is in the majority but for a different reason.
• The ___________ opinion comes from justices who disagree.
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Precedent
Judges quote (cite) similar cases from the past.
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Issues before the Court
Foreign affairs
Civil liberties
Economic issues
Due process
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