Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in...

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Judaism, Christianity, & Islam

Transcript of Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in...

Page 1: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Judaism, Christianity, &

Islam

Page 2: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Brief History Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham

founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest of the monotheistic faiths (religions with one God).

Christianity - Founded by Jesus Christ, who was crucified around A.D. 33 in Palestine in the city of Jerusalem. It was after his death when his followers came to believe in him as the Christ, the Messiah.

Islam - Founded in Arabia by Muhammad in A.D. 622.

Page 3: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

ABRAHAMABRAHAM SARAHSARAHHAGARHAGAR

IsaacIsaac

EsauEsauJacob/IsraelJacob/Israel

12 Tribes of Israel

12 Tribes of Israel

Ishmael

Ishmael

12 Arabian Tribes

12 Arabian Tribes

•Islam-Quran

•Other 10 tribes-(Israelites) (Hebrews)

•Judaism-Torah

Abraham’s Genealogy

•2 Tribes - (Jews) of Judah•Jesus Christ (son of God)•The Hebrew Bible - Old

Testament in the Christian Bible

Mecca(Muslims)

•Muhammad (the last prophet)

•Quran and the Five Pillars of

Islam

4000–550 BC

All 3 Religions are linked by Abraham—He is the patriarch of all 3

Page 4: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Judaism Briefly Judaism is over 3000 years old and is the

oldest of the world's monotheistic religions (religions with only one God). It's also the smallest, with only about 14 million (7th) followers around the world.

Its holy city is Jerusalem.

Page 5: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Judaism Beliefs

Jews believe that there is a single God (Yahweh) who not only created the universe, but with whom every Jew can have an individual and personal relationship.

They await the Messiah, who will be an earthly king. They believe in heaven, but that God determines where they go after life on earth.

Ten Commandments is the basic code of law.

Page 6: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Judaism Holy Book The most holy Jewish book is the Torah

(the first five books of the Christian Bible). Others include Judaism's oral tradition, the written form of which is known as the Talmud.

The Torah (scroll of teachings) contains the five books revealed to Moses by God on Mount Sinai.

Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy

Page 7: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Judaism Place of Worship

Jews worship in Synagogues or temples. Men and women usually sit separately.

Worship is led by a Rabbi.

Saturday (begins at sundown on Friday) is time for worship.

Stamford Hill, London

Page 8: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

• According to the Bible, the First Temple for Jewish worship was built around 900-1000 BCE and destroyed by Babylonians in 586 BCE.

• The Jews were then sent out of Canaan, but returned after 50 years in exile.

• A DiasporaDiaspora occurs when a group of people leave their homeland and move to many different locations separately.

• All of the world’s Jewish communities today that do not live in present-day Israel are part of the Jewish DiasporaJewish Diaspora.

The Temple

Page 9: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

• A new temple was finished 70 years later on the site of the First Temple, but was badly plundered by invading Romans about 54 BCE.

• King HerodKing Herod, a Jew, ruled Judea for the Romans. Under him the second temple was rebuilt in 20 BCE.

• When the Romans attacked Jerusalem again in 70 CE(AD), they destroyed Herod’s temple.

• Today, the single remaining temple wall, the Western Wallthe Western Wall, is a place of prayer for Jewish pilgrims.

• Jews moved away from the land again, until the modern state of Israel was formed in the late 1940s.

The Temple

Page 10: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Judaism – Map!Judaism in 1500 C.E. Judaism Today

In 1500, located in Europe and Middle East

Today, located in Israel and U.S.

Page 11: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Christianity briefly Christianity is the world's largest religion,

with about 2.2 billion followers worldwide. It is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ who lived in the Holy Land 2,000 years ago.

Page 12: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Christianity Beliefs Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the

Son of God God sent his Son to earth to save humanity

from the consequences of its sins Jesus rose from the dead on the third day

after his Crucifixion (the Resurrection) Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah

promised in the Old Testament Christians believe that there is only one God,

but that this one God consists of 3 "persons“-God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Ghost--Trinity

Christians believe that God made the world.

Page 13: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Christianity Beliefs Christians believe that they can have a

personal relationship with God, and that they are saved by faith, and good works.

They believe in heaven and hell. They believe that the Bible is the inspired

word of God.

Page 14: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Christians Holy Book The Bible is the Christian holy book. It is

divided into the Old and New Testaments. Parts of the writing contained in the Old Testament are also sacred to Jewish and Muslim people.

Page 15: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Christian Place of Worship

The Christian place of worship is called a Church, which are built in the shape of a cross with the altar facing east towards the rising sun. Services are led by a priest, pastor or reverend.

Day of worship is normally Sunday.

Westminster Abbey London

Page 16: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Christian Sects Roman Catholicism vs. Eastern Orthodox-Christian Church

divided when the Roman Empire was divided and then fell. Orthodox Christians do not recognize the authority of the Pope.

Catholicism vs. Protestantism-as a result of the Reformation, Protestant sects broke with the Catholic Church and established their own separate churches.

Page 17: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Christianity – Map!Christianity 1500 C.E. Christianity Today

In 1500, located in Europe and Middle East

Today, located in Americas and Europe

Page 18: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Islam Briefly Islam is the second most popular religion

in the world with 1.3 billion followers. Islam began in Arabia and was revealed to humanity by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Those who follow Islam are called Muslims. Muslims believe that there is only one God, called Allah, who speaks Arabic.

Page 19: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Islam Holy Book The Muslim scripture is the Holy Qur'an. It

is 'the word of God'. Muslim beliefs and practices are rooted in the Qur'an.

Muslims treat the Qur'an with great respect because they believe that the Qur'an is from Allah, and every word and every letter is sacred.

Muslims regard the Qur'an as the unaltered word of God.

Page 20: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Islam Place of Worship The Muslim building for communal worship is called a Mosque.

The word comes from the Arabic for "place of prostration". Worshippers are called to prayer 5 times a day from minarets –

towers on the mosque corners. They contain only designs, no people or animals or furniture. Normal day of worship is Friday. Religious leaders are called imams.

Grand mosque in Mecca

Page 21: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Five Pillars Belief system/law code Shahadah: declaration of faith

"I bear witness that there is no god, but God; I bear witness that Muhammad is the prophet of God." By reciting this, one enters Islamic faith.

Salah: Pray 5 times a day facing MeccaMuslims are required to pray five times a day, washing themselves before prayer and facing in the direction of Mecca while praying.

Zakat: Give a fixed proportion to charity Muslims are required to give away a percentage of their earnings to those less fortunate, regardless of their religion.

Saum: Fast during the month of RamadanMuslims fast for one lunar month each year, a period called Ramadan. During this time, Muslims reflect on their behavior and strive to purify their thoughts.

Hajj: Make a pilgrimage to MeccaIf it is financially possible, Muslims are required to travel to Mecca once in their lifetime.

Page 22: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

The Hajj

Hijja:The month of pilgrimage during which all Muslims, at least once in their life, should try to make the pilgrimage to Mecca and worship at the Kaaba

Page 23: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Muslim Sects Sunni-the majority Shia-the minority The split rose from an early dispute over who should be the leader

of Islam after the death of Muhammad. The Sunnis argued that the successor should be appointed by election and consensus, as tradition dictated. (Sunni comes from the Arabic word Sunna , meaning “tradition.”) The Shia believed that Muhammad's successors should come from his family, starting with Ali, his son-in-law. These, the partisans of Ali, were named from the word Shia , meaning “partisan” in Arabic.

Page 24: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

Islam – Map!Islam in 1500 C.E. Islam Today

In 1500, located in Middle East, Africa, and Southern Europe

Today, located in Middle East, Africa, and Asia

Page 25: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. Brief History  Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest.

View of Fellow Abrahamic Religions

Judaism – “Islam and Christianity are false interpretations and extensions of Judaism.”

Christianity – “Judaism is a true religion, but with incomplete revelation. Islam is a false religion.”

Islam – “Jews and Christians are respected as fellow believers, but with wrong beliefs and only partial revelation.”

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