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University of Perpetual Help SystemDR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF NURSING

JOURNAL REPORT:

EMERGENCY TRENDS

Submitted by:RICACHO Ma. NorilynBSN4B Group 8

Submitted to:Loida Eudela RN MANClinical Instructor

December 16, 2013

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CPR training lacking in communities that need it most

Nurse.com News

Tuesday November 19, 2013

Annual rates of CPR training in the U.S. are low and vary widely across the country, butthe communities most in need of training are the least likely to be trained, according to astudy.

The findings, published Nov. 18 on the website of JAMA Internal Medicine, add toknown geographic disparities in cardiac arrest survival and offer a rationale to increaseaccess to training for the life-saving intervention, reported researchers with DukeUniversity in Durham, N.C.

Each year, more than 350,000 Americans experience cardiac arrest outside of ahospital, according to background information in the study. On average, 7% to 9% of

people survive, but these figures vary by geographic location.

Bystander CPR is the second step in the chain of survival for cardiac arrest, andshould be started quickly after 911 has been called. It is a critical step beforeemergency personnel arrive, defibrillate, initiate advanced cardiac life support and getthe patient to a hospital.

Research has shown that bystander-performed CPR doubles an individuals chances ofsurviving cardiac arrest outside of the hospital. However, rates of bystander-performedCPR vary widely, from 10% to 65%, depending on the community.

This variability in bystander CPR use may be accounted for by the proportion of CPRtraining in a particular community, Monique Anderson, MD, the studys lead investigatorand a cardiologist at Duke Clinical Research Institute, said in a news release.

The researchers studied whether variations in CPR training by county existed and whatfactors were associated with low CPR training among countries. They gathered data onthe number of people trained in CPR by the American Heart Association, the AmericanRed Cross and the Health & Safety Institute, the three major organizations providingtraining across the U.S.

During the one-year study, 13.1 million people in the U.S. received CPR training, with a

median county training rate of 2.39%.

While low overall, CPR training rates also varied by county. Counties with the lowestrates of CPR training were more likely to be rural, have a higher proportion of African-

American and Hispanic residents and have a lower median household income. Inaddition, counties in the South were the most likely to have lower rates of CPR trainingcompared with the Northeast.

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Rural counties were strongly associated with low rates of CPR training, Anderson said.These areas are often far away from hospitals and ambulances can take longer toarrive. To bring about a change in these areas, we need community, government,healthcare institutions and training organizations to come together to figure out how toimprove the entire chain of survival for cardiac arrest.

Some factors associated with variability in training rates overlap with factors previouslyfound to be associated with variation in bystander CPR use, including householdincome and African-American and Hispanic populations. The findings suggest that lowercounty-level rates of CPR training may, in part, contribute to the lower use of bystanderCPR.

In addition, counties with lower rates of CPR training correlated with counties withhigher rates of mortality from heart disease. Although these factors are not directlylinked, they suggest that CPR training many be lacking in populations with residents atthe highest risk of cardiac arrest.

Our study points to a large unmet need for moving CPR training to target at -riskpopulations in rural and poor communities, senior author Eric Peterson, MD, MHS,professor of medicine and director of the Duke Clinical Research Institute, said in thenews release. Such an effort could substantially reduce the known racial gap in survivalfollowing cardiac arrest.

The researchers noted that the study captured county-level factors in CPR training, notindividual factors, so the study does not demonstrate who actually is being trained. Inaddition, the study looked at data from the three leading organizations offering CPRtraining, but other training efforts likely are not reflected in the study.

http://news.nurse.com/article/20131119/ED02/311190025#.Uq2zpNIW2So

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Reaction:

As a future health care provider, I believe that, we must know how to add-up lives

to our client. Either in or out of hospital, we must help them to survive their lives. Health

care professionals must have a strong knowledge in performing cardiopulmonary

resuscitation. It is a first aid in patients who are breathless and no pulse. Because when

a person didnt get enough oxygen, they may die immediately.

Health care providers are also health educators. We have to share our

knowledge or teach the community or any individual, for them to be much aware, in

case of emergency if theres no one to save them, or if they were the only person who

will see a person who collapse, they can perform it. As long as the scene is safe. We

must train them the proper way of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Especially

parents should know and how to administer CPR. Well never know what and when will

it happen, but just to be sure, we must be aware. CPR can save childs life. Restoring

the blood flow to the heart, brain, and other organs and restoring breathing until

advanced life support can be given by health care providers. Teaching is the initial

prevention for them to be more knowledgeable of saving the life of others.