/ Journal of International Environmental Application & ScienceISSN-13 0 7-0428

Editor-in-Chief:

Dr. Sukru DURSUN, Selcuk Un., Environ. Eng. Dept., 42003 Konya, TURKEY

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Prof. Dr. Lynne BODDYCardiff School of Biosciences, Main Building, Museum Avenue,Cardiff CF10 3TL UK

Prof. Dr. Phi/INESONStockholm Environment Institute, University of York,Heslington, York, Y010 5DD, UK

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Prof. Dr. Tay Joo HWAEnviron. & Water Resources Engineering Division, of Civil &Environ. Eng. School, Nanyang Techno. Un., SINGAPORE

Dr. Somjai KARNCHANAWONGEnviron. Engineering Dept, Faculty of Engineering Chiang MaiUniversity, THAILAND

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Prof. Dr. Azita Ahmadi-SENICHAUL TArts et Metiers Paris Tech - Centre de Bordeaux, Esplanadedes Arts et Metiers, FRANCE

Prof. Dr. Irena BARANOWSKAAnalytical Chemistry Dept, Silesian Technical University,Gliwice, POLAJND

Dr.lndumathi M NAMBIIndian Institute of Technology Madras, Civil Eng. Dept., Environ.& Water Resources Eng. Div., INDIA

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Dr. Frank Y.C. HUANGEnviron. Eng. Dept., New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801,USA

Dr. Chedly TlZAOUlChern. & Environ. Eng. Dept, Process & Environ. ResearchDivision, Nottingham University, UK

Prof. Dr. Hysen MANKOLLIAgrc:rEnviron. & Ecology Dept, Tirana Agricultural University,ALBANIA

Prof. Dr Abde/-Moneim M. Galal ShaalanTaibah University, Faculty of Science, Biology Dept AlmadinahAlmunawwarah, KSA,

Prof. Dr. Hasan ARMANEnviron. & Engin., Geology Dept. Science College, United ArabEmirates University, UAE

Prof. Dr. Nicola SENESIAgroforestal & Environ. BioI. & Chern. Dept, Un., of Bari, Bari,ITALIA

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Prof. Dr. Tarit RoychowdhurySchool of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Koikata,INDIA

/

Journal of International Environmental Application & ScienceISSN-J307-0428

G. Asadollahfardi, A. Mohebi, Fruits and Vegetables Residue Vermicomposting usingEarthworm Eisenia fetida

A. Po~i, L. Kupe, T. Hubener, A. Miho, Preliminary Paleoecologic Assesment Of BelshiLake (Dumre Region - Central Albania)

A.T. Rachmadi, N.R. Mubarik, T.S. Prawasti, Screening of Proteolytic Bacteria Isolatedfrom Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Inhibiting the Growth of Microcystis aeruginosaBT-02

F. Elezi, B. Gixhari, A. Ibraliu, Evaluation of Quantitative Traits, Correlations and theDistances in Some Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

I. Mulliqi, A. Terziqi, L. Beqiri, M. Aliu, Comparison of Different Methods for Modelingof the lignite Combustion Process in Power Plant "Kosova B"

E.V. Sarafiloska, S. Patceva, Trophic Status of lakes Ohrid and Prespa during 2004-2006

R. Ormeni, A. Fundo, S. Nazaj, A. Shatro, G. Kaza, F. Basholli, lateral VelocityContrasts across Shkodra-Peje Deep Fault Zone of Albania

R. Zeqiri, S. Kelmendi, I. Zeqiri, Geostatistics in Modern Mining PlanningI. Vehapi, K. Kurteshi, M. Ismaili, R. Morina, Bacteriological Research through Vitek

System of Waters in Lake "livoqi" in KosovoA. Koliqi, A. Koliq, Chemical Composition of Appearances of Silicate Nickel Ores in

Region of Dukagjini and their Significance for Further ResearchC.S. Mahajan, D.V. Patil, D.B. Sarode, R.N. ladhav, S.B. Attarde, Biodegradation of

Pollutants from Winery wastewater by Using Fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and BacteriumBacillus subtilis

G.M. Tashtoush, M.I. Hassan, K. Saito, Experimental Study on NOx Reduction USingReburning System Accompanied by Acoustic Wave

M. Aliu, L. Pula-Beqiri, S. Kadriu, I. Mulliqi, Searching of Adsorptive Properties ofKaraceva Bentonite in Its Natural State and After Treatment

M. Hetemi, Construction of Ramp or Shaft between xr" to xn= Horizon in Trepca Mine inStanterg

L. Zuni':, Tourist Traffic and Tourism Profit of Sarajevo city as Reliable Indicators ofTourism Development

A. Musaj, M. Aliu, V. Gjinovci, V. Nimani, F. Shehu, Impact of Hygiene and AnimalHealth in the Final Product

I. Zeqiri, l. Gashi, R. Zeqiri, Determination of Ventilation Parameters to Reduce theGases Free from Diesel Machines "Tore" in the "Trepca" Mine, Stanterq

I. Haklaj, A. Tashko, Study of Physical and Chemical Parameters in River Water oflumbardh (Kosova)

N. Gioni, E. Sherko, J. Stasa, F. Selami, B. Bizhga, Identification of theBronchopulmonary Strongylosis that Parasitize in Small Ruminants in the District ofElbasan, Albania

N. Bushati, A. Neziri, F. Bushati, M. Hysko, Physical-Chemical and Microbiological Dataon Shkodra-Drini-Buna waters (Albania)

N. Laj~i, X. Laj~i, B. Baruti, Determination of Decimal Reduction Time of Peracetic AcidUsed in Brewery Industry for Disinfection Purposes

l. Angelovska, S.B. Sotiroska, N. Angelovska, The Impact of Environmental Concernand Awareness on Consumer Behaviour

F. Hasani, F. Sallaku, N. Balaj, S. Kadiri, I. Lushi, G. Hodolli, The Study ofEnvironmental Pollution by the Waste of Drinking Water after the Treatment

B. Vrenozi, C. Deltshev, Faunistic and Zoogeographical Analyses of Linyphiidae(Araneae) in the Tirana District of Albania

E. ~obani, L. Aleksi, Application of Tree Barriers as Mitigation Measures for NoisePollution - Road "29 Nentort", TIrana, Albania

S. Gupta, Population Growth and Its Impact on Environmental Situation - PolicyRecommendations for a Sustainable Energy Future

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266-272

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J. Int. Environ. App. & Sei. Vol. 7, No.2, pp. 205-445, June, 2012

IV

",' '1, (, .

J. Int. Environmental Application & Science, Vol. 7 (2): 278-285 (2012)

~~Evaluation of Quantitative Traits; Correlations and the Distances in Some

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

Fetah Elezi':", B,Gixbari1, Alban Ibraliu'

1Center for Genetic Resource, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania; 2Departmentfor PlantProduction, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania

Received February 02, 2012; Accepted March 12, 2012Abstract: Twenty genotypes of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are evaluatedfor the correlations among some quantitative characters such as: plant height, spikeslength, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spikelet, number ofgrains per spike, total weight of spike grains, weight of 1000 grains and the realizedproduction. We have also evaluated the phenological indicators, number of daysuntil the flowering and number of days until ripening. The experiment is conductedon the randomized block scheme with four replications. The changes in plant heightbetween wheat genotypes G15 and G19 reached 68%. The differences between theanalyzed genotypes were significant for plant height, length of spike, number ofspikelets and weight of 1000 grains. In relation to the plant height, positivecorrelations were observed, the weight of spike (0.65) and the weight of 1000 grains(0.72). Concerning the length of spike, positive medium connections appeared withthe number of spikelets (0.52), the weight of spike (0.65) and the weight of 1000grains (0.72). Regarding the number of days from emergence until flowering, thedifferences between the genotypes were 9% while for the period from emergenceuntil full ripening the difference arrived up to 18 days or II %. The grain productionis characterized by significant differences between the different wheat genotypesstudied. The average value of production was 5.73 t ha" and the difference betweenthe maximal value and the minimal one was 2.32 t ha-1

• The differences between allthe genotypes were statistically significant with p = 0.01 of the probability level.Keywords: Wheat genotype, correlation, clustering, dendrogram.

IntroductionWheat is the main food crop in Albania. It is cultivated in 46% of the surface of cereals and 27%

of the arable land (MAFCP, Statistical Year Book, 2009). Therefore, it is important to study the wheatgenetic diversity to sustain the genetic improvement programs. The germplasm of different species ofplants is conserved in the gene banks and around the world; hundreds of thousands of accessions arekept (IPBGR, 1992). To increase the utilization value of the active collections, it is necessary tocharacterize and evaluate them. The study of the variation presence in the collections of wheatgermplasm is carried out using biomorphologic characterization (Pecceti et al., 2006). Thecharacterizations of the accessions, determination of the occurrence ofthe features with high heredity,ranking according to the morphological features, evaluation of the protein content and possibly the useof the molecular markers to study them. are primary tasks for the gene bank. Such features enable aneasy and rapid distinction among the phenotypes; allow grouping of the accessions, as well as controlof the homogeneous samples according to the criteria used by the selectors and other users of thegermplasm. Improvement of the production traits may be effective for the selection of the genotypesfor higher grain production (Jedynski, 2001). Some researchers have studied the correlation betweenthe elements of the production. In their studies, they have concluded that the grain production of wheathas close connection with the weight of 1000 grains (Virk & Anad, 1970). Grain production also hasbeen shown to have positive correlation with the number of grains per spike while the plant heightwith the weight of 1000 grains (Belay et aI., 1993). The number of grains per spike and the weight of1000 grains are the main contributors in the grain production of wheat (Chowdhry et al., 2000). Theobjective of plant breeding is the development of cultivars combining high and stable and productivitywith good quality (Fasoula, 2008). The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between thevarious components of wheat production with grain production as well as the extension of the

• Corresponding: E-Mail: ; Tel: +3554320413; Fax: +3554320413

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J Int. Environmental Application & Science, Vol. 7 (2): 278-285 (2012)

vegetative period of the genotypes on trial. The information gathered will be useful for the future plantbreeding programs.

Materials and MethodsIn the study, it is included twenty common wheat genotypes. The list of studied materials of

wheat genotypes is presented on Table 1. The genotypes selected for this study are old varieties,mostly selected in Albania from local ecotypes as well as crosses with different Italian or other foreignvarieties. These varieties have shown a good adaptation within our climatic conditions. Almost all ofthem, with the exception of Dajti are not cultivated since more than 25 years.

Table 1. The list of studied materials of wheat genotypesNr Wheat genotypes Symbol1 Regina x KB532 LVS-933 IKB-IO4. IKB-ll5 Progress6 Ni-7927 Ni 5938 Dajti9 Regina xL 78110 IKB- 1211 Bullgar x KB 70312 Ni-49613 Ni-88614 Ni-89615 Ni-59416 C 22-7817 (Adamellox 5/11-1-1)18 TD 6/6-119 5/11 "Muss" CD 33970 x 4/1-1-1-120 (5 BL 10 x l l C13x Ringo) Ll-92

GlG2G3G4G5G6G7G8G9GIOGllGI2G13GI4GI5GI6G17G18GI9G20

The field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Station of the Agricultural I

University of Tirana (ordination: Latitude 410 23 N, Longitude 0190 47 E, Altitude 4.5 m) in CentralAlbania during 2004 - 2006. Each plot was planted in five rows, 5 m in length, 20 em between therows and the plants within the row in a distance of 5 em. Each wheat genotype was planted in fourreplications in conformity with the Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD). The plot size was100 m2 each replication x 4 Replication (R) = 400 m2. The data were recorded on ten plants for eachgenotype from each replication. The quantitative characters were. plant height (PH), spike length (SL),spikelets per spike (SPS), grains per spikelet (GPS), weight of the spike kernel (WSK), 1000 kernelweights (1000 KW) and grain yield quintal/ha (with moisture 14 %).

The analysis of variance (ANOV A) was used for the interpretation of the data on the featuresstudied. (Steel & Torrie, 1980). The genotypes are evaluated for the correlation among the charactersmeasured and the metric distance, using hierarchical cluster and the distance between genotypes(Euclidean distance). Dendograms are set up based on the performance of genotypes and themorphologic parameters. The statistical difference of yield production between the genotypes isanalyzed with ANOV A. The differences of the production averages in t ha-1 are completed usingsmaller differences proved (LSD) at the probability level of 0.05 and 0.01. The method Comparisonsfor all pairs using Tukey-Kramer HSD is used for the comparability between the genotypes for therealized production by Hierarchical Clustering Method.

Results and DiscussionsThe data analyzed for the wheat genotypes on the quantitative and morphological indicators are

presented in Table 2. From the survey data (Tab.2) on the morphological indicators of the plant, the

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spike and the grain we notice that in the studied genotypes there is a variation for the parametersobserved. The same results are confirmed by Uddin et.al (1997). The plant height to the majority ofthe genotypes varies 8"8-97 em. The plant height was higher in G 19, respectively 113 em (±2.39 St.Dev.), while G 15 showed the lowest plant height namely 77 ern (± 3.87). The difference between thehighest (G 19) and the lowest (G 15) was 40 em or 68%. In the studies of Moharnmad et al. (2006),they obtained different results for plant height at the different wheat genotypes from 62 em to 110 ern.The results reported by Fetahu et al. (2008) for plant height have been from 70.8 to 79.05 cm.

Table 2. The results of the biometric data and differences among themGenotype plant height spike length spikelet's grain per weight of the 1000kemel Yield

per spike spikelet spike kernel weights tha·1

Gl 95.2±1.30 CDEF 8.22 ± 0.30 EF 18.6± 1.14 EFG 2.1 ±0.11 A 2.06± 0.11] 40.9± 0.74 JK 5.17± 0.25

G2 96.6 ± 2.07 CDF 9.88 ± 0.41 A 21 ± 1.58 ABC 2.4± 0.55 A 2.64±0.1l CD 46±0.79E 6.35± 0.218

G3 93.8±2.49 EFGH 9.04 ± 0.35 BC 18.6± 0.89 EFG 2.2± 0.84 A 2.34±0.11 GH 44± 0.79F 6.55 ± 0.265

G4 93.2 ± 1.30 FGH 8.9± 0.16 BCD 19.2± l.JODEF 2.4 ± 0.89 A 2.5 ± 0.16EF 45.2± 0.62 E 6.85± 0.263

G5 97.2± 1.64 CD 9.88 ± 0.57 A 20± 1.58 CDE 2.J2± 0.63 A 2.22 ± 0.08 HI 41 ± 0.7911K 6.05± 0.275

G6 93 ± 3.32 FGH 7.9± 0.24 FG !7.2± 0.84 GH 2.48± 0.50 A 2.06±0.11 ] 40± 1.41 KL 6.6± 0.208

G7 92.4 ± 3.65 rom 7.84 ± 0.27 FG 17.6± 1.14FGH 2.32± 0.46 A 2.1 ±O.IO JJ 40.2± 1.04 KL 5.47 ± 0.25

G8 89.4 ± 1.67 JJ 802± 0.19 F 16.8± 0.84 H 2.J±0.77 A 2.02 ± 0.16]K 41.8 ± 0.84 HI] 5.27 ± 0.216

G9 91.8± 2.39 Gill 8.08± 0.19EF 18.6± 0.89 EFG 2.2 ± 0.84 A 2.02 ± 0.08]K 39.8± 0.84 L 5.5 ± 0.275

GI0 98.2± 2.39 C 8.96 ± 0.27 BC 20.6± 1.14 ABCD 2.4± 0.89 A 2.42 ± 0.08 FG 44± 0.79 F 6.32± 0.218

Gll 88.6± 1.67 J 1O.2± 0.32 A 17.2± 0.84 GH 2.2± 0.20 A 2.32 ± 0.08 GH 43.4± 0.82 FG 6.15 ± 0.171

GI2 90.8 ± 3.27 ill] 8.26 ± 0.36 EF 17.8± 0.84 FGH 2.2± 0.45 A 2.03±0.10 JK 42± 0.79 ill 6.02± 0.183

G13 88.2 ± 3.11 ] 9.04 ± 0.38 BC 22.2± 3.96A 2.4± 0.89 A 2.22±0.08 ill 40.8 ± 0.57 JKL 5.82± 0.25

G14 94.6±2.61 DEF 8.8± 0.25 CD 20± 1.58 CDE 2.J2± 0.41 A 2.36±0.11 G 42.8±0.91 GH 6.4± 0.289

G15 77± 3.87 K 7.5± 0.45 G 17.2± 0.84 GH 2.52± 0.50 A 1.9±0.12]K 38.2±0.57 M 5.77± 0.289

G16 108± 2.12B 9.12± 0.33 BC 21.8± 0.84 AB 2.4±0.89 A 2.74 ± 0.09 BC 48.2±0.57 D 4.67±0.222

GI7 112.6± 2.30 A 8.48 ± 0.48 DE 20.4 ± 0.55 BCD 2.6± 0.55 A 2.76±0.11 BC 51.6±0.55 B 5.15± 0.222

GI8 108.6±2.30B 8.12 ± 0.24 EF 20.6 ± 1.14 ABCD 2.52 ± 0.50 A 2.56±0.11 DE 50.4±1.14 C 4.52± 0.265

GI9 113.2 ± 2.39 A 10±0.51 A 21.8± 0.84 AB 2.4± 0.55 A 2.8± 0.07 B 51.8± 0.84 B 4.9± 0.294

G20 106.8 ± 1.79B 9.3 ± 0.47 B 19.8± 0.84 CDE 2.28± 0.7 A 3.1 ± 0.12 A 54± 0.71 A 4.55± 0.294 /

Spike weight is a character of considerable importance in the development of plant anddetermines the productivity of the plant as published by Rajaram et al. (1996).The average spikelength was shorter by G 15 and longer by G 11. The difference between the longest (G 15) and theshortest (G 11) was 2.7 em or 36%. The number ofspikelets per spike was smaller (16.8 ± 0.84) by G8 and greater (22.2 ± 3.96) by G 13. The difference between the greatest (G 13) and the smallest (G 8)was 5.4 or 32%. Regarding the indicators of grain, the variation is more obvious for the weight of1000 grains. The maximum (54 ± 0.71) results were achieved by G 20 and the minimum (38.2 ± 0.57)were found for GIS. The difference between them was 15.8 g or 4L3%.

Pearson's correlation coefficients between agro-morphological at genotypes is presented ontab.3. As can be seen plant height shows significant positive correlation with 1000 grains weight (r =

0.53 **) at level of probability LSD 0.01 and grain weight per spike (r = 0.49 **) and also significantcorrelation at level of probability LSD 0.05 with the number of spikelets per spike (r = 0.38 *). Spikelength has positive correlation with the other analyzed indicators, with the exception of the number ofgrains per spikelet. The number of spike lets per spike correlates positively with the weight of the spikewith correlation coefficient (r = 0.55 **) and with the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.44 **). The weightof grains in the spike presents strong correlation with the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.89 **). Themajority of these relations as it is indicated in Table 3 are highly significant at 0.01. Concerning thenumber of grains per spike, no connection with the other features - object of this study is observed.Thus, the analysis of the correlations among these indicators demonstrates that the observed linksbetween them represent variation from one indicator to the other.

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Table 3 Pearson's correlation coefficients between agro-morphological at genotypes'

plant heightspike lengthspikelet's per

spikegrains perspike1et

weight ofthespike kernel1000 kernel

weights

plantheight

1

0.16

0.38**

o0.49**

spikelength

spikelet's perspike

grain perspikelet

weight of thespike kernel

1000 kernelweights

0.41 **

-0.09 0.06

0.51** 0.55** 0.08

0.53** 0.38** 0.44** 0.06 0.89*** = Significant P ~ 0.05 ** = Highly Significant P ~ 0.01

Regression analysisThe regression analysis was carried out by grouping two by two all the analyzed between

indicators respectively: PH and SL; SS and GS; WG and 1000 GW. Figure 1 showed the correlationsbetween plant height and spike length. These data are near to the regression curve, so there is anapproximately normal distribution, which is shown by the linear correlation between these twoindicators. Looking at the relation between the number of spikelets per spike and the number of grainsin the spikelet, there is a deviation of the regression (non-uniform distribution). The six varieties wereabnormal, with an obvious deviance from the average. The data for the other cultivars approachtoward the regression curve, which shows the close linear correlation among these indicators. In therelation between the weight of the kernel in the spike and the weight of 1000 kernel (Figure 2), there isa uniform distribution and the data approach to the regression curve. This shows the linear relationbetween these indicators.

Spike length line pl~nt height

I

'F~ 0 019;( .•.6 9:2(~pz = (10:::,78

, .... ,... ...; " ~','

Figure 1Plant height line and spike length

Evaluation of the length of the period from germination until flowering, and days until fullmaturation and its relation to grain yield t ha-1

The vegetative period in days until flowering and days until full maturation is described in Table4. Environmental conditions have a significant influence in prolonging the period from flowering tofull maturation (permeti, 1997).The duration for this period in the surveyed genotypes, goes up to131days for the G 8 (Dajti) and 137 days for the G 6 genotype. A more prolonged period has been noticedin the variety G 20 with a period of 144 days. This is a very important indicator of climate conditionsof the low coastal area. Differences between minimum and maximum values for the days untilflowering were about 13 days. The entire vegetation period (from germination to full maturation)

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varies from 182 days in the G 8 to 201 days in G 19 genotype. The difference between the minimumand maximum values for this was about 20 days.

i=r. .,,-,-

1000 kernel weights line weight of the spike kernel

1 v= '1.3. 216:.::'" 131:,15?<J-:::: C 8899

e

? s.>:

1"; .

Figure 2. 1000 kernel weight line ofthe spike kernel weight

Table 4.Days until flowering, days until fullmaturation and yield t ha"Genotype days to flower days to maturity Yield t ha-1

GI 137 186 A 5.17G2 135 190 B 6.35G3 137 192 B 6.55G4 137 185 A 6.85G5 139 188 B 6.03G6 137 186 A 66G7 135 187 A 5.47G8 131 182 A 5.27G9 138 192 B 55

GIO 138 190 B 6.32Gll 137 184 A 6.15 /

G12 138 185 A 6.02G13 140 192 B 5.82G14 137 191 B 64GI5 134 185 A 5.77G16 142 198 C 4.67G'17 140 200 C 49G18 141 198 C 4.52Gl9 144 201 C 49G20 140 199 C 4.55

Correlation between the days until flowering, the days until maturation and the production intha" is presented in table 5. The data show that there are strong positive relations between the daysuntil flowering and the days until ripening (r= 0.81 **) at level of probability LSD p=0.01 respectively.The negative correlations between length of the period germination-flowering and germination-fullmaturation with grain yield, are connected with the disfavourable climatic conditions in the westernpart of Albania in the period when wheat flowering and grain maturation occurs. During the monthsMay and June the mean daily temperatures reach values between 18 and 26°C, while maximum dailytemperatures reach often up to 38°C. Wheat water supply, in this period is also decreasing, since therainfall is lower (Agrometereological Bulletin, 2003) and wheat is generally not irrigated. These

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results are in conformity with the findings of (Kotal & Choudhury, 2010) who worked also underMediterranean climatic conditions.

Table 5. Correlation between grain yield tlha, period length from germination to flowering and to maturity(days)

days to flowering days to full maturation Yield t ha-1

days to flowering

days to full maturation

Yield t/ha0.81 **-0.44

1

-0.62

Results for the days until maturity by cluster analysis on the Dendrogram (Figure 3), wheatgenotypes are divided into three main groups. The first group represents nine genotypes (Gl, G6, G4,Gll, GI2, G2, G7 G15 and G8), represents similarity in the hierarchy and there are differences fromthe others. The vegetative period was minimal by (G8) with 182 days and maximal (G 7), with 187days with a difference of five days. The second group includes six genotypes (G3, G 14, G 9, GI0,G5, G 13). The difference in this group between minimal (187 days by G 5) and maximal (192 days byG9) was five days. In the third group five genotypes are included (016, GI8, 017, G20, G 19). Thedifference between minimal- maximal was 3 days (198 days G16 and 201 days GI9).

••••

xXXXXX+v16+v18+v17+vzo+v19

Figure 3. Dendrogram of the days until flowering and days until maturity

I

Analysis ofthe realized production in t ha-1 according to the genotypesTable 2, gives the grouping of the genotypes for the realized production by each genotype rankingfrom the highest to the lowest. Results shows that G4 has realized the maximal production 6.85 t ha'while (GI8) gave the minimal value 4.52 t ha-I.The difference between these genotypes was 2.32 t ha"or 51.3%. The average value of grain production for the studied genotypes was 5.7 t ha". Concerningthe comparison of the realized production t ha", the genotypes studied are ranked according to theaverage values, but most of them were not successful in high yield production

In the dendrogram (Figure 4) of the production realized by the studied genotypes, which,depending on the production, are grouped into four main ones. The first group represents 12genotypes. The second group represents six genotypes with average yield from 5.5 to 4.9 t ha". Third

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group represents tree genotypes (G16, GI8 and G20) with low yield from 4.62 to 4.52 t ha-I. Thisshows the proximity that exists among them in regard to their producing capacity.

t'-.-. .~.

I. xxVVVVyyXXxXX

Figure 4. Dendrogram of genotypes for grain production

••

ConclusionThe field evaluation and laboratory trials related to the bio-morphological tests of the wheat

genotypes, can confirm the existence of the changes of proved features that depend on the basis ofinheritance. In order to obtained high results in grain production of winter wheat, it is necessary toimprove the main features that affect the grain production. In the conditions of low coastal area ofAlbania, extension of the vegetative period has a significant impact on the level of grain production.The genotypes with shorter vegetative periods (germination - full maturity) have resulted with higherproductivity. Based on the results of this study, we notice that the genotypes G4 (IKB-l1), G6 (Ni-792) and G3 (IKB-I0), are promising, so they can be used in developing programs on wheat geneticimprovement in the future.

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