Journal of VJournal of Veterinary Science &eterinary Science ......Hamzah, JV Vet Sci Technol 2017,...
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Open Access Research Article Hamzah, J Vet Sci Technol 2017, 8:5 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000469 Volume 8 • Issue 5 • 1000469 J Vet Sci Technol, an open access journal ISSN: 2157-7579 *Corresponding author: Aseel M Hamzah, Zoonotic Diseases Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq, Tel: 07400188261; E-mail: [email protected] Received August 07, 2017; Accepted September 04, 2017; Published September 05, 2017 Citation: Hamzah AM (2017) Isolation of Clostridium p Fecal Sample of Zoo Animals in Iraq. J Vet Sci Technol 8: 469. doi: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000469 Copyright: © 2017 Hamzah AM. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Isolation of Clostridium perfringens from Fecal Sample of Zoo Animals in Iraq Aseel M Hamzah* Zoonotic Diseases Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq Abstract In this study the isolated Clostridium perfringens from fecal samples of zoo animals of Al-zawraa Zoo of Baghdad city. A total of 170 fecal samples was aseptically collected from different mammalian species of apparently healthy animals for the isolation and identification of bacterial flora. All the collected samples were inoculated in sheep blood agar media and incubated anaerobically in an anaerobic jar with the gas bag for the study of their cultural properties. Gram’s staining, motility test and biochemical tests were also performed for the proper diagnosis of the isolated bacteria. Keywords: Clostridium perfringens; Zoo animals; Fecal samples Introduction Visitor people went to the zoo with their children for entertaining purposes as well as educational [1] although visitor become contact with some animals like monkey, sheep, goat, blue peafowl, zebra foal especially by children and these association make them at risk due to transmission of many zoonotic bacterial diseases like E. coli O157:H7, Salmonellosis, Yersinia, Campylobacter, Mycoplasma and Clostridium spp. [1-4]. Clostridium perfringens is a commensal in the animals gastrointestinal (GI) tract without being associated with disease, as soil and feedstuffs seem to be natural habitats for these organisms [5] although this bacteria is responsible for a spectrum of diseases. C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is thought to be an important virulence factor in animals with C. Perfringens-associated diarrhea [6-8]. In contrast, surveys of C. perfringens shedding by wild animals are still rare and mainly limited to a few studies in wild animals so the aim of the present investigation was to identify and characterize the Clostridium perfringens in fecal samples of healthy Zoo animals. Materials and Methods Fecal sample A total of 174 fecal sample from zoo animals were collected aseptically with wide mouth container and transport the fecal maerial to zoonotic diseases laboratory in collegege of veterinary medicine of baghdad university. Isolation of Clostridium perfringens One gm of fecal material diluted by adding 9 ml of sterilized normal saline then one loopful was plated on sheep blood agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs under strict anaerobic conditions (Anaerobic Jar with a gas pack system). e presumptive detection of isolated bacteria was carried out by Gram staining, capsule staining and cultural characteristics of bacteria in special fluid media such as F Robinson Cooked meat medium, the confirmed test is performed by the detection of motility and gelatin liquefaction. Results Isolation and identification of Clostridium perfringens from fecal samples Clostridium perfringens isolated and identificated from all collected fecal samples of wild animal as shown in Table 1. e Clostridium perfringens identified by its characteristic growth on blood agar its appear β-haemolytic colonies with double zone of haemolysis was observed Figures 1 and 2. Discussion Clostridium perfringens is a part of the normal intestinal flora of humans and animals [9-12], Although under certain conditions, C. perfringens becomes harmful and caused a disease therefore this is the first report for isolation and identified of, C. perfringens in wild zoo animal in Iraq. e positive C. perfringens results from wild zoo animals suggesting that C. perfringens is commonly part of the microbiota of Figure 1: Clostridium perfringens on sheep blood agar appear gray colony , flate round , β-haemolytic colonies. J o u r n a l o f V e t e r i n a r y S c i e n c e & T e c h n o l o g y ISSN: 2157-7579 o J r u n l a o f V e t e r i n a r y S c i e n c e & T e c h n l o g o y ISSN: 2157-7579 Journal of V Journal of Veterinary Science & eterinary Science & Technology echnology
Transcript of Journal of VJournal of Veterinary Science &eterinary Science ......Hamzah, JV Vet Sci Technol 2017,...
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Open Access Research Article
Hamzah, J Vet Sci Technol 2017, 8:5DOI: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000469
Volume 8 • Issue 5 • 1000469J Vet Sci Technol, an open access journalISSN: 2157-7579
*Corresponding author: Aseel M Hamzah, Zoonotic Diseases Unit, College ofVeterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq, Tel: 07400188261; E-mail: [email protected]
Received August 07, 2017; Accepted September 04, 2017; Published September 05, 2017
Citation: Hamzah AM (2017) Isolation of Clostridium p Fecal Sample of Zoo Animals in Iraq. J Vet Sci Technol 8: 469. doi: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000469
Copyright: © 2017 Hamzah AM. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Isolation of Clostridium perfringens from Fecal Sample of Zoo Animals in IraqAseel M Hamzah*Zoonotic Diseases Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
AbstractIn this study the isolated Clostridium perfringens from fecal samples of zoo animals of Al-zawraa Zoo of Baghdad
city. A total of 170 fecal samples was aseptically collected from different mammalian species of apparently healthy animals for the isolation and identification of bacterial flora. All the collected samples were inoculated in sheep blood agar media and incubated anaerobically in an anaerobic jar with the gas bag for the study of their cultural properties. Gram’s staining, motility test and biochemical tests were also performed for the proper diagnosis of the isolated bacteria.
Keywords: Clostridium perfringens; Zoo animals; Fecal samplesIntroduction
Visitor people went to the zoo with their children for entertaining purposes as well as educational [1] although visitor become contact with some animals like monkey, sheep, goat, blue peafowl, zebra foal especially by children and these association make them at risk due to transmission of many zoonotic bacterial diseases like E. coli O157:H7, Salmonellosis, Yersinia, Campylobacter, Mycoplasma and Clostridium spp. [1-4].
Clostridium perfringens is a commensal in the animals gastrointestinal (GI) tract without being associated with disease, as soil and feedstuffs seem to be natural habitats for these organisms [5] although this bacteria is responsible for a spectrum of diseases. C.perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is thought to be an important virulencefactor in animals with C. Perfringens-associated diarrhea [6-8]. Incontrast, surveys of C. perfringens shedding by wild animals are still rare and mainly limited to a few studies in wild animals so the aim of thepresent investigation was to identify and characterize the Clostridiumperfringens in fecal samples of healthy Zoo animals.
Materials and MethodsFecal sample
A total of 174 fecal sample from zoo animals were collected aseptically with wide mouth container and transport the fecal maerial to zoonotic diseases laboratory in collegege of veterinary medicine of baghdad university.
Isolation of Clostridium perfringensOne gm of fecal material diluted by adding 9 ml of sterilized normal
saline then one loopful was plated on sheep blood agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs under strict anaerobic conditions (Anaerobic Jar with a gas pack system). The presumptive detection of isolated bacteria was carried out by Gram staining, capsule staining and cultural characteristics of bacteria in special fluid media such as F Robinson Cooked meat medium, the confirmed test is performed by the detection of motility and gelatin liquefaction.
ResultsIsolation and identification of Clostridium perfringens
from fecal samples
Clostridium perfringens isolated and identificated from all collected
fecal samples of wild animal as shown in Table 1. The Clostridium perfringens identified by its characteristic growth on blood agar its appear β-haemolytic colonies with double zone of haemolysis was observed Figures 1 and 2.
DiscussionClostridium perfringens is a part of the normal intestinal flora of
humans and animals [9-12], Although under certain conditions, C. perfringens becomes harmful and caused a disease therefore this is the first report for isolation and identified of, C. perfringens in wild zoo animal in Iraq. The positive C. perfringens results from wild zoo animals suggesting that C. perfringens is commonly part of the microbiota of
Figure 1: Clostridium perfringens on sheep blood agar appear gray colony , flate round , β-haemolytic colonies.
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Citation: Hamzah AM (2017) Isolation of Clostridium p Fecal Sample of Zoo Animals in Iraq. J Vet Sci Technol 8: 469. doi: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000469
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Volume 8 • Issue 5 • 1000469J Vet Sci Technol, an open access journalISSN: 2157-7579
these animals, as would be suspected. From the data of the present study, the distribution of C. perfringens among wild zoo animals needed additional studies must be carried out with specific primers to detect C. perfringens types and its toxins.Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank veterinarian staff and workers of Al-zawraa Zoo for their help.
References
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11. Silva Ros, Ribeiro MG, Palhares MS, Maranhao RPA, Borges AS, et al. (2013) Detection of A/B toxin and isolation of Clostridium difficile and C. perfringens from foals. Equine Vet J 45: 671-675.
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Figure 2: Clostridium perfringens single isolated colony showed double zone of heamolysis.
Animal species Number of fecal samples Clostridium perfringensBear 10 +Deer 9 +Pony 7 +Lion 22 +Elk 8 +Dog 8 +
Horse 12 +Wildcat 5 +Zebra 5 +
Siberia monkey 9 +Ostrich 3 +
Baboon monkey 9 +Kangaroo 1 +
wolf 5 +Camel 9 +
Fox 6 +Porcupine 5 +
lama 6 +goat 8 +
jaguar 7 +chicken 6 +Hyena 8 +
Table 1: Isolation of Clostridium perfringens from fecal samples of different species of wild animals.
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TitleCorresponding authorAbstract KeywordsIntroduction Materials and Methods Fecal sample Isolation of Clostridium perfringens
Results Isolation and identification of Clostridium perfringens from fecal samples
Discussion Acknowledgements Figure 1Figure 2References
