Journal 9/23• What do you think it means to be ethical?

• Date/Copy/Answer• You need your books today!!!!!

1

Journal 9/25• What do you think you should study to prepare for the quiz on

early civilizations?

• Copy/Date/Answer• Current events due tomorrow!!!

2

Journal 9/23• What do you think it means to be ethical?

• Date/Copy/Answer• You need your books today!!!!!

3

Journal 9/24• So far, how does Malala’s life in the book compare and

contrast with your life?

• Date/Copy/Answer4

Journal 9/26• Study!!!

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Ancient Indian Civilizations VocabularyRemember to read the definition, then use your own words when writing it down.1. Monsoons2. Citadel3. Sanskrit4. Brahmins5. Epics6. Bhagavad Gita7. Caste System

8. Monism9. Maya10. Reincarnation11. Nirvana12. Polygyny13. Suttee14. Inoculation

6When you are finished get out your timeline. Decorate the front however you would like. Add dates from chapter two that you think were important. *The timelines on pg.18 and pg. 48 will help you.

Read section 1 of chapter 3

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Journal 9/30• Human migration has been an important part of society

throughout history. How does immigration affect the society of the US today?

• Copy/Date/Answer8

After Quiz Corrections• Make a chart that lists at least 10 facts about the Harappa

civilization (includes Mohenjo Daro), using the information on pages 53-55. Organize your chart into four columns labeled: government, religion, technology, and economy.

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• Using the information in Chapter 3 Section 2, compare and contrast the Indo-Aryan Migrants to the Egyptians (Chapter 2 Section 1 &2).• Religion• Geography & Protection• Economy• Trading• Transportation• Contributions/Achievements• Etc…

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Epic: long historical or religious poem• Begin to brainstorm about a historical poem you can write

about your life. You may write about one specific event that happened to you or you may choose to write an epic about your entire life. • Half a page• It can rhyme, but it does not have to• If you do not finish it is homework!

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Journal 10/1• Describe the social classes in American society.

• Date/Copy/Answer 12

Journal 10/2• Describe the social classes in American society?

• Date/ Copy/ Answer13

Journal 10/7• How is the Indian caste system and Hinduism related?

• Date/Copy/Answer• Journals due today!

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Hinduism and BuddhismChapter 3 Section 3

15

Introduction to Hinduism• Around 700 b.c., some Indian religious thinkers started to

question the authority of the Brahmins and spread their messages through the Ganges Plain.

• Their beliefs became known as Vedanta (end of Vedas) and were written in Upanishads (written explanations of the Vedas). • People who could not read nor write had to learn through stories

or epics through word of mouth.• Epic of Ramayana: Rama, a prince and an incarnation of the god

Vishnu, and his wife Sita. Sita was kidnapped by a demon. Rama had to rescue her and became a king. They became role models for men and women.

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Social Class• Between 1500 B.C. and A.D. 500 a caste system developed in

Indian society after the Indo-Aryan migration.• 4 distinct Varnas (social classes)

1. Rulers and Warriors2. Brahmins3. Merchants, Traders, and Farmers4. Peasants

• A fifth group that did not even belong in a Varna, were the untouchables or pariahs. • Only held jobs that were considered unclean.

• Later, the Varna were split into smaller subgroups, called jati.• Strict rules • Determined jobs 18

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Hinduism• Interwoven with the caste system. • Developed from the Brahmin priests explanations of the

Vedas.• Divine essence called Brahmin fills everything• Everyone has an individual essence called Atman.• Teaches that Brahmin and Atman are one in the same.• All things in the universe are the same essence as God = Monism.

• Teaches that the world is an illusion, Maya, and you must reject it.• Believed it took a long to recognize and reject Maya and that is

why a persons soul must be reborn over and over (Reincarnation).

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Two Principles of Hinduism

1. Dharma: doing one’s moral duty in this life so that the soul can advance in the next life.

2. Karma: the good or bad force created by a person’s actions. • People who fulfill their dharma will have good karma and be

reborn into a higher social group.• People who receive bad karma will be reborn into a lower social

group or as animals. 3. Souls that grow spiritually eventually reach nirvana.• When the cycle of reincarnation is complete and the soul unites

with Brahmin.

21

Hindu Religious Practice• Often practice yoga, a set of mental and physical exercises

designed to bring the body and soul together. • Festivals including rituals, music, dancing, eating, and drinking.• Represent the seasonal course of nature and welcome the return

of a season. • Cows are sacred• Provide power for plows and carts• Produce milk and butter for food• Therefore they are protected by law

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Beginning of Buddhism • Founder = Siddhartha Gautama, aka Buddha.• He was the son of a wealthy prince of the region.• Grew up with every luxury there was and knew nothing about real-

life hardships such as poverty, disease, fear, or ordinary life.• He ventured out at the age of 29, and was shocked to learn about

the everyday life of others. • He left his family and lifestyle to search for truth and meaning

(the Great Renunciation).• Practiced yoga and fasted so much he almost died. But he did not

find the answers he was looking for.• After six years of searching, he sat under a tree meditating and

felt he now understood the way of life, which is the moment he became Buddha. • Spent the rest of his life teaching his followers to pursue the way of

life.

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Buddha’s Teachings• He accepted some Hindu ideas, including reincarnation. • However, he thought salvation comes from knowing the Four

Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Paths.• Taught ethics – a code of morals and conduct • Believed desire causes suffering and stressed the importance of

selflessness.• Did not accept the Hindu gods, but taught that priests should

live peaceful, moral lives of poverty. • Any person, regardless of caste system could reach nirvana.

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Spread of Buddhism• Buddha only had a few followers during his lifetime.• However, over several centuries, his teaching won the wide

acceptance of Asia.• Between 200 B.C. an d A.D. 200, Buddhism split into two

branches: Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism.• Theravada – Followed traditional beliefs of Buddhism and

regarded Buddha as a great teacher and spiritual leader.• Mahayana – regarded Buddha as a god and savior.

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The Four Noble Truths• Get into groups of 4. Each person in the group will pick one of

The Four Nobles Truths to write about. Each student should write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) about what their Noble Truth means. Provide examples of how they can be applied to everyday life. When you are finished discuss each Noble Truth with your group.

• Pg. 64

30

Exit Ticket• Write down at least two main ideas that you learned about

Hinduism and Buddhism.

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Journal 10/6• Do you think cultural advances are a good way to measure the

historical significance of a nation? What are the top 5 achievements that you think the United States will be remembered for in the future?

• Date/Copy/Answer• Journals due today!!!! 32

10/9• No journal today!

33

Ancient Indian Dynasties and EmpiresChapter 3 Section 4

34

The Mauryan Empire• Around 500 B.C. Ancient India was not unified, Northern India

had at least 16 kingdoms. • The most powerful kingdom Magadha tried to unify India.• Was conquered by the Persian ruler Darius the Great around 510

B.C.• Regained control until about 320 B.C., when their power started

to decline.• A young adventurer Chandragupta Maurya established the

Mauryan Empire and they ruled for about 150 years. • A Greek diplomat that worked in the Mauryan court kept detailed

records of his experiences, so that is how we know so much about Chandragupta’s rule.

35

Chandragupta Maurya’s Rule• Built a palace at Pataliputra on the Ganges River.• Raised an army of 600,000 soldiers with chariots and

elephants. • Army united northern India from the Ganges River to the region

west of the Indus River.• Workers dug mines and built centers for

spinning and weaving.• Standardized weights and measures throughout the empire.• Established standards for physicians.

36

Asoka• Chandragupta’s grandson, Asoka, came to power in about 270

B.C.• Fought many bloody wars to expand the empire to all of India

except the southern tip. • First imperial dynast to hold nearly all of India.

• Grew tired of violent battles and killing, so he became a Buddhist.• Many more people became Buddhist and he sent missionaries to

other countries to spread the faith.• “The Beloved of the Gods…honors members of all sects….Whoever

honors his own sect and disparages [speaks ill of] another man’s …does his own sect the greatest possible harm. Concord [harmony] is best, with each hearing and respecting each other’s teachings.”

• Worked to improve living conditions throughout the empire. 37

38

The Gupta Empire• After his death in about 232 B.C. the empire started to decline.• His sons fought each other for the throne and the northern province

was attacked by outside invaders.• The empire collapsed.

• In return, Buddhism started to decline as well, and Hinduism became more prominent in India

• In the A.D. 300’s the Gupta family came to power and took over Magadha.• Ruler Chandra Gupta I• Expanded through conquest and

conquest and intermarriage.• Hinduism became the dominant religion• Chandra Gupta II (374-515A.D.)-

great progress was made in the arts

39

Ancient Indian Life and CultureChapter 3 Section 5

40

Read Through Chapter 3 Section 5• Identify and list the cultural advances of the Ancient Indians.

Explain what the advances are and why they are significant.

• Add significant/memorable dates to your timeline

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10/8

10/10

No Journal!

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Cultural Advances and Achievements• Trade: expanded to northern India under the Guptas; silks, cotton, wool, ivory, spices, and

precious gems.• Far East, Southwest Asia, Africa, and Europe

• Fables from the Panchatantra (five books) – stories with morals that taught good characteristics.• Translated to many other languages

• Drama- plays• Murals painted in caves – depicted daily life and Buddha• Architects designed temples

• Built thousands of Stupas – dome shaped shrines where they placed objects associated with Buddha.• Education: higher caste children received formal education studying many subjects; lower caste

children learned crafts or trades.• Nalanda – a famous Buddhist university

• Mathematics- Algebra – Aryabhata (one of the 1st to use Algebra)• Astronomy – identified 7 planets and understood the rotation of the earth and predicted eclipses

of the sun and moon.• Medicine – bone setting and plastic surgery, developed inoculation (infecting a person with the

mild form of a disease so they will become immune to the more serious form). • Smallpox• Built free hospitals and practiced cleanliness procedures

45

10/13• No journal!

• If you haven’t turned in your journal yet, do that!

46

10/14• No journal!• If you haven’t turned

in your journal yet, do that!

47

Agree or Disagree??• On a blank sheet of paper, write whether you agree or

disagree with the following statements (support your point of view with an explanation):• Cultures that grow in isolation from other cultures generally do

not develop new ideas, nor do they emphasize inquiry and innovation.

• Unsuccessful foreign invasions have little or no effect on the way that a culture grows or develops.

• Leaders who combine harsh rule with actions to help their people are often successful.

48

Vocabulary: Chapter 4

1. Loess2. Dikes3. Bureaucracy4. Animism5. Oracle Bones6. Dialects7. Calligraphy

8. Autocracy9. Civil Service System10. Leveling11. Yin12. Yang13. Genealogy14. Acupuncture

49

Geographic and Cultural InfluencesChapter 4 Section 1After finishing the worksheet, do the skills practice questions on pg. 77. This will be turned in and used to assess how well you can analyze maps.

50

Chapter 4 Section 2• Go ahead and make a chart titled “Developments Under the

Shang Dynasty.”• Label 3 columns: • Farming Advances• Craft Advances• Government Accomplishments

• If you finish this, you may go ahead and start reading the section to find the developments. We will go through this chapter at the beginning of next class.

51

Journal 10/15• How did cultures without writing pass down their history from

one generation to the next?

• Copy/Date/Answer52

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