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Journ100 - Philippine Press before Martial Law
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Transcript of Journ100 - Philippine Press before Martial Law
PHILIPPINE JOURNALISM BEFORE MARTIAL LAW
1965-1972
PRESIDENT LYNDON B. JOHNSON’S “RIGHT ARM IN ASIA”
PRESIDENT LYNDON B. JOHNSON’S “RIGHT ARM IN ASIA”
ANTI-VIETNAM AND ANTI-SOCIALIST PRESS
ANTI-VIETNAM AND ANTI-SOCIALIST PRESS
Victor D. Montero (Propaganda in our Newspapers: A
Study on Slanted News Reporting, Copy Editing and
Editing in our metropolitan Newspapers)
ANTI-VIETNAM AND ANTI-SOCIALIST PRESS
4 MAJOR INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES
Associated Press (AP)
United Press International (UPI)
Reuters
Agence France Presse (AFP)
THE PRESS FOUNDATION OF ASIA
Western Influence
THE PRESS FOUNDATION OF ASIA
Western Influence
“Depthnews”
CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM
CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM
SENSATIONALISM
“inclusion of lurid and salacious details; use of blown-
up pictures not pertinent to the report; placement in
the front pages of the papers; and too much space
allotted to crime stories.”
CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM
The Lucila Lalu Jigsaw Murder Case (June 1967)
The Lucila Lalu Case: The Original Chop Chop
Lady
CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM
The Lucila Lalu Jigsaw Murder Case (June 1967)
CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM
The Lucila Lalu Jigsaw Murder Case (June 1967)
Maggie de la Riva Rape Case (July 1967)
CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM Philippine Press Council
“to act as a policing body of the press as a profession and as a business”
Violations: willful inaccuracy and untruthfulness unfair and dishonest methods of gathering news intrusion into privacy Bribery plagiarism overplay of sex and crime stories refusal to publish corrections promotion of hatred between peoples and groups indecency
CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM“Roads and bridges are necessary and they may
be the underpinning of the economy. But we submit, Mr. President, that they are not the foundations of a human community. Man needs more than rice and roads. Above all things, the human community needs justice and the trust that flows from it.
For justice, which is the foundation of peace, has denied to our people. In its stead is privilege…
With each passing day, the danger and the threats the present state of affairs carry, increase…
The power and the facilities to carve order out of the current disorder are in your hands, Mr. President. You alone can apply them.”
CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM
Peace and Order Coordinating Council
PR AND ITS CONSEQUENCES
PR AND ITS CONSEQUENCES
Public Information Office (PIO)
Press Secretary Jose P. Aspiras
“provide much needed leadership and direction in
communications in government”
THE CIA AND THE ‘69 ELECTIONS
MARCOS VS THE PRESS
1969 Elections
Manila Times
Manila Chronicle
Fernando Lopez
“Prescription for a Revolution”
Sen. Benigno Aquino Sr. and The Manila Times
MARCOS VS THE PRESS
o Government Report
o Daily Express (1972)
ACTIVISM AND THE PRESS
ACTIVISM AND THE PRESS
“Protest Journalism”
ACTIVISM AND THE PRESS Philippine Collegian (UP) Ang Malaya (Philippine College of Commerce) Pandayan (Ateneo de Manila) Ang Hasik (Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila) Balawis (Mapua Institute of Technology) Lagablab (Philippine Science High School)
Bandilang Pula Himagsik
ACTIVISM AND THE PRESS Kalayaan (Kabataang Makabayan) Struggle (Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation) Political Review (Movement for the Advancement of
Nationalism) Ang Sosyalista (The Socialist Party of the Philippines)
Ang Bayan Ang Komunista
THE YUYITUNG CASE
THE YUYITUNG CASE
Quintin and Rizal Yuyitung
THE YUYITUNG CASECHARGES
“…causing to be published in various issues of the Chinese Commercial News articles and news items which are subversive, seditious, libelous and offensive to the very integrity and dignity of the Governement of the Republic of the Philippines, its officials and the Filipino People.”
“That the above-mentioned respondents in causing the publication in the Chinese Commercial News of articles and news items…have utilized the said newspaper as a vehicle to promote or enhance the communists’ cause in this country, especially among the Chinese Community, thereby persuading or influencing the latter to support the communist regime in Red China.”
THE YUYITUNG CASE
“That the above-named respondents…have given stress and emphasis to communistic propaganda as shown by their writings and editorial comment that they have caused to be published in various issues of the Chinese Commercial News…”
“That the above-named respondents have likewise advocated and are advocating the teaching and propagation of doctrines tending to generate or incite an armed revolution against the government of the Republic of the Philippines and the duly constituted authorities.”
THE FILIPINIZATION ISSUE
CRISIS IN THE NEWSPAPER ECONOMY
CRISIS IN THE NEWSPAPER ECONOMY REASONS:
Small circulation/a miniscule subscribing readership High overhead Minimal advertising revenue Shortage of skilled labor and competent editorial
personnel High cost materials like ink, newsprint and photographic
films, paper and chemicals which are generally imported The rapid encroachment of television and radio Language problems Stiff competition
CRISIS IN THE NEWSPAPER ECONOMY
Newsprint Stiff Competition
Daily Express
Newspaper plants were expanded and modernized Manila Chronicle
Chronicle Magazine Entertainment Guide Woman and the Home
MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
The Lopez Family
Night club
Ice drop factory
The Iloilo-Negros Air Express Co.
The Iloilo Transportation Co.
Far Eastern Air Transport Inc.
El Tiempo-Times Publishing Company (El
Tiempo and Iloilo Times)
MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
Fernando Lopez Sr. The Manila Chronicle Electric power Oil and oil products Heavy machinery & construction Sugar Shipping Cement Stocks and securities Real estate Banking Telecommunications Education Insurance Media
MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
Soriano Empire (Philippines Herald)
MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS Andres Soriano y Cia
Copper and iron mines Timber concession Oil exploration Soft drink bottling Ice cream factories Metal drums Fertilizer Jute bags Chicken feed Electric light bulbs Plastic tubes Cardboard cartons
MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
Elizalde Family
MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
Joaquin Miguel Elizalde
Business Management and Politics
MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
Juan Miguel Elizalde
“War Hero”
MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS Manuel Elizalde
Acknowledged leader of the Elizalde family President of Elizalde & Co. Elizalde Rope Factory, Inc. Elizalde Paint and Oil Factory, Inc. Manila Steamship Co., Inc. La Carlota Sugar Central Tanduay Distillery, Inc. Samar Mining Company Metropolitan Insurance Company Bukidnon Cattle Development Company Vice president of the Manila Broadcasting Corp. Director of the Philippine Broadcasting Company
MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS Manuel Elizalde
Acknowledged leader of the Elizalde family
President of Elizalde & Co. Elizalde Rope Factory, Inc. Elizalde Paint and Oil Factory, Inc. Manila Steamship Co., Inc. La Carlota Sugar Central Tanduay Distillery, Inc. Samar Mining Company Metropolitan Insurance Company Bukidnon Cattle Development
Company Vice president of the Manila
Broadcasting Corp. Director of the Philippine
Broadcasting Company
MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
The Roces Clan
Alejandro Roces Sr.
MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
The Roces Clan
Alejandro Roces Sr.
Ramon Roces
MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
The Roces Clan
Alejandro Roces Sr.
Ramon Roces
Antonio Roces
MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
The Roces Clan
Alejandro Roces Sr.
Ramon Roces
Antonio Roces
Joaquin Roces Jr.
MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
The Marcoses
LIMITED READERSHIP