Josephus 3

8/20/2019 Josephus 3

1/1206

JOSEPHUS W I T H A N E N G L I S H T R A N S L A T I O N B Y

H. ST. J. THACKERAY, M.A.H O N . D . D . O X F O R D , H O N . D . D . D U R H A M

IN NINE VOLUMES

III

THE JEWISH WAR, BOOKS IV-VII

LONDON

WILLI AM HEIN EMANN LT DCAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS

HARVARD UNIVERSIT Y P RESS

MCMLVI


2/1206

HISTORY OF THE JEWISH WAR

AGAINST THE ROMANS

BOOK IV

(i. 1) Such Galilaean a a!"e# "he !all $! J$"a%a"a M$" $!

"ill #e&aine' in #e$l" !#$& R$&e n$* $n "he #e'uc+ ,u,-l#en'e# ■

"i$n $! Ta#ichaeae* u##en'e#e' an' "he R$&an %lace "iii


3/1206

#eceie' "he u/&ii$n $! all "he !$#"#ee an'

"$n e0ce%" Gichala an' "he !$#ce hich lia'

$ccu%ie' M$un" Ta/$#. Ga&ala , a al$ in leaue

i"h "hee #e/el* a ci"2 i"ua"e' $n "he $"he# i'e

$! "he la3e* $%%$i"e Ta#ichaeae. Ga&ala !$#&e'

%a#" $! "he "e##i"$#2 all$""e' "$ A#i%%a* li3e S$ane

an' Seleucia , Ga&ala an' S$ane e#e /$"h in

Gaulani"i* "he la""e# /el$nin "$ ha" i 3n$n a

4%%e#* "he !$#&e# "$ 5$e#* Gaulan Seleucia a

nea# "he la3e Se&ech$ni"i., Tha" la3e i "hi#"2

!u#l$n in /#ea'"h an' i0"2 in len"h /u" i"

6 S$ane (in Gaulan* uni'en"i7e' 'i"inc" !#$& S. in

Galilee) an' Seleucia 8Selu3i2eh* N.E. $! Be"hai'a Julia)

a#e &en"i$ne' "$e"he# in Vi"a 19:* B. ii. ;:? = "a'e = @ nea#l2

: &ile) &u" inclu'e %a#" $! "he n$#"he#n &a#he "he

'i&eni$n $n "he &$'e#n &a% a#e < &ile /2 (a" i"

/#$a'e" %a#").

VO5. Ill A


4/1206

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5/1206

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6/1206

JEWISH WAR. IV. +9

&a#he e0"en' a !a# a a%hne*=, a 'elih"!ul %$"

ui"h %#in hich !ee' "he $+calle' h""le J$#'an*

I-cnea"h "he "e&%le $! "he $l'en c$*, an' %ee'

i" $n i" a2 "$ "he #ea"e# #ie#.6D N$ S$ane an'

Seleucia ha' Lui"e ea#l2 in "he #e$l" /een in'uce'

I-2 A#i%%a "$ c$&e "$ "e#& /u" Ga&ala #e!ue' Ga&ala

"$ u##en'e#* #el2in een &$#e c$n7'en"l2 "han $!.=,=, ,D,,

J$"a%a"a u%$n "he na"u#al 'iUcul"ie $! i" %$i"i$n.

F#$& a l$!"2 &$un"ain "he#e 'ecen' a #ue' %u#

#iin in "he &i''le "$ a hu&%* "he 'eclii"2 !#$&

"he u&&i" $! hich i $! "he a&e len"h /e!$#e a

/ehin'* $ "ha" in !$#& "he #i'e #ee&/le a ca&el

hence i" 'e#ie i" na&e* "he na"ie %#$n$uncin

"he ha#% $un' $! "ha" $#' inaccu#a"el2 .D, I" i'e

an' !ace a#e cle!" all #$un' /2 inaccei/le #aine* /u"

a" "he "ail en'* he#e i" han $n "$ "he &$un"ain*

i" i $&eha" eaie# $! a%%#$ach /u" "hi Lua#"e#

al$ "he inha/i"an"* /2 cu""in a "#ench ac#$ i"*

ha' #en'e#e' 'iUcul" $! acce. The h$ue e#e

/uil" aain" "he "ee% &$un"ain an3 an' a"$nih+

inl2 hu''le' "$e"he#* $ne $n "$% $! "he $"he#* an'


7/1206

"hi %e#%en'icula# i"e ae "he ci"2 "he a%%ea#ance

$! /ein u%en'e' in ai# an' !allin hea'l$n u%$n

i"el!. I" !ace' $u"h* an' i" $u"he#n e&inence*

#iin "$ an i&&ene heih"* !$#&e' "he ci"a'el

=6 One $! "he "$ $l'en cale e#ec"e' /2 Je#$/$a& a"

an an' Be"hel #e%ec"iel2 (1 Kin 0ii. * J$. A. iii.

>).

= The ea"e#n "#ea& 'ecen'in !#$& aea#ea Chili%%i*

Bania.

X6 i.e. "he2 lu##e' "he ha#% (li". =clea#=) K in"$ #*

callin i" Ga&ala* n$" Ka&ala. The #e&a#3 i &a'e %u#el2

!#$& "he G#ee3 %$in" $! ie = ca&el = /$"h in He/#e

8G'&'l) an' in A#a&aic 8Ga&l'D) ha ini"ial G.

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JOSECH4S

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8/1206

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9/1206

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$0 $l$ #e #- $"$- hiaKe5%.e#-V * n%$ 9e #$l

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1 in. CA5.

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10/1206

JEWISH WAR* IV 9+1

/el$ "hi an unalle' %#eci%ice 'ecen'e' "$ "he

'ee%e" $! "he #aine. The#e a a %#in i"hin

"he all a" "he c$n7ne $! "he "$n.

() Thi ci"2* hich na"u#e ha' #en'e#e' $ i&+

%#ena/le. J$e%hu ha' !$#"i7e' i"h all , an'

ecu#e' "ill !u#"he# /2 &ine an' "#enche. I"

$ccu%an" !el" #ea"e# c$n7'ence in "he na"u#e $!

"hei# i"e "han 'i' "h$e $! J$"a%a"a. "h$uh !a#

in!e#i$# "$ "he& in "he nu&/e# $! c$&/a"an" Q

in'ee' uch "#u" ha' "he2 in "hei# %$i"i$n "ha"

"he2 $ul' a'&i" n$ &$#e. F$# "he ci" a %ac3e'

i"h !ui"ie $in "$ "he "#en"h $! i" 'e!ence*

hich ha' ena/le' i" "$ h$l' $u" !$# een &$n"h

aain" "he !$#ce , %#ei$ul2 en" /2 A#i%%a "$

/eiee i".

() A,e%aian n$ /#$3e u% "he ca&% hich he Ve%aian

ha' %i"clie' in !#$n" $! Ti/e#ia[Q a" A&&a"hu , ("hi \,nUa,

na&e &a2 /e in"e#%#e"e' a = ,a#& /a"h*= /ein

'e#ie' !#$& a %#in $! a#& a"e# i"hin "he ci"2

%$ein cu#a"ie %#$%e#"ie) an' %#$cee'e' "$

Ga&ala. Fin'in "he c$&%le"e ine"&en" $! a ci"2


11/1206

in uch a i"ua"i$n i&%$i/le* he %$"e' en"#ie

he#ee# "hi a %#ac"ica/le an' $ccu%ie' "he &$un+

"ain "ha" $e#hun i". The lei$n hain* acc$#'in

"$ cu"$&* !$#"i7e' "hei# ca&% $n "hee heih"*

Ve%aian c$&&ence' "he e#ec"i$n $! ea#"h$#3 a"

"he "ail en' "h$e $n "he ea" $! "he #i'e* $e#

aain" "he %$in" he#e "$$' "he hihe" "$e# in

"he "$n* e#e #aie' /2 "he 7!"een"h lei$n* "h$e

$%%$i"e "he cen"#e $! "he ci"2 e#e un'e#"a3en /2

= B. ii. .: 1+.

= 4n'e# AeLuu M$'iu* V,i"a 11.

:

JOSECH4S

,e#$ TT- ""$l* #a Se h"$D-%2a a2e##+L%$ Kai

1< #a (/'%a22a #$ heKa#$. Ka #$#$- T#%$ae'$#a


12/1206

T$l T5)(Gi A2%5TTTTa T$ -,aGiia K$l T#e%l

TTa%ah$$eaJS #$" (!)aTO-a5 T#ei%$-%ie$ Biae2ea'ai

,'e5 #5 TOW uc,eh$+LT2 Ka#a "$ Se,i$

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:T%iG)('#-* DC$-%5al$ S eTTiL2e5%e el ""-

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1> G(-)> aT$ 'ecD $Du 2a% aTT$eii--ei %,$TTiTO

VTTe%,$#-V KaT6 '$


13/1206

Kai TO5 T_eT%$,$$5S 'e0$-%$ ei ""- ""$l.

? Aca" TT%$Ga2a2$#e, $l DC$-ia"$" T%i,$'e "$

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1 ae%%#-2TO "$l Ka#a ""- ""$l. $l /e Te$-

%.e Ka#a Ta TT%$-Ta elG$h$ e5G#'%+e$i

TT%$GO-#e%$- 0,+,%,lD, eK$ Kal Ka%#e%$- "$

, lil0n- 5, c!. Z >>. 6 M Q T#%$a'2$#e "he #e".

9

JEWISH WAR* IV. 1+1

"he 7!"h* hile "he "en"h lei$n a e&%l$2e' in

7llin u% "he "#enche , an' #aine. u#in "hee

$%e#a"i$n Kin A#i%%a* h$ ha' a%%#$ache' "he A#i%%a

#a&%a#" an' a en'ea$u#in "$ %a#le2 i"h "he

'e!en'e# a/$u" ca%i"ula"i$n* a "#uc3 $n "he #ih"

el/$ i"h a "$ne /2 $ne $! "he line#. He a

a" $nce u##$un'e' /2 hi "#$$%* /u" "he R$&an


14/1206

e#e "hu "i&ula"e' "$ %#e "he iee ali3e /2

#een"&en" $n "he 3inD /ehal! an' /2 c$nce#n !$#

"he&ele. c$nince' "ha" &en h$ c$ul' $ aael2

a""ac3 a !ell$+c$un"#2&an* hile a'iin "he& !$#

"hei# el!a#e* $ul' h#in3 !#$& n$ e0ce $! c#uel"2

"$a#' alien an' ene&ie.

(


15/1206

"he 'e!en'e# $! "he "$n. The la""e#* hen "he

7#" R$&an en"e#e'* !$# a "i&e hel' "hei# #$un'*

a##e"e' "hei# !u#"he# a'ance an' "u//$#nl2 #e+

C#ei$ul2 'u /2 J$e%hu* Z .

JOSECH4S

DC$-!.ia5$ ael%2$ ,"a,'iei,$" 9e n$ ""$c$

Kal T#aT$'e #%eTT$#a" n%$ "$. "%#-a ##-

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V:TOGT%$(l)#- i&TTea$Te $c$'$ e" "$ Ka#a#e

Kal #! G#e$##-T5 Kai S!T%,$-%"a 'i,$!0e$ a+

#i%$. O5 9e 5"T,#e #$ Ka#a K$%(!)#i a%aa'a5

S'7e$5 !J5#-#e hieKi#a4" #c$ G(!)eTe%a- T#%$c#$-

,5a$%5e$- eV" #a $"c"a "$- TT$e%55$* T#%$$+

< 2e"$" 2a% #-aa* a(-)e2$ . a" Se #a0,c KanL%e"*+

TTO#$ T##-%$%iea5 Kal "$ ,'%$ i0# OTe2$aau*

KaTG5 Se TT$' """ T4"D V:T aVTTJS, :TGOVGa


16/1206

> Kal ##'i eKelau Ta "" aTa. "$"$ i#eiGTO

h5(!)'e5% T(-i) DCa-!-5al$-CD ""$ 2a% '!0DL0$.ia

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> '20$- '#-%5. Ge%2ia 'e$ "$"$ Ta7aei

TTe'!J5,a$ Kal T#- KaTa Gc%' a!0e$Te

,',T-S i:TK5VT?* TT%$S T TO5 TE2L TOVS TT$e%55OVS

'a)>$T Kal #$", KaT$iGO'$Ta e $,ec#"

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: ,'$T eKT5$. Kal #' %ie i%e5Tna 0,%%'/c$

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, V6Q "he $"he# &. hae a#+L* aiD#$F* $# aiDT\.


17/1206

6 %.e%e5 in'$#! i"h $ne &.

, B#ac3e"e' /2 NieeQ "he "e0" i '$u/"!ul an' "he 5a".

ue" "ha" $&e $#' hae !allen $u".

6 T#eDa ,iD i##i>$ 5 5a".

$X,'aa#$T(-] CA.

1?

JEWISH WAR* IV. +9

%ule' "he& "hen* $e#%$e#e' /2 nu&/e# %$u#in

in $n all i'e* "he2 e' "$ "he u%%e# %a#" $! "he

"$n* he#e* #$un'in u%$n "he %u#uin ene&2*

"he2 "h#u" "he& '$n "he l$%e an' le "he&

hile i&%e'e' /2 "he na##$ne an' 'iUcul"ie $!

"he #$un'. The R$&an* una/le ei"he# "$ #e%el "he

ene&2 a/$e "he& $# "$ !$#ce "hei# a2 /ac3 "h#$uh

"hei# c$a'e %#ein !$#a#' /ehin'* "$$3 #e!ue

$n "he #$$! $! "he ene&2D h$ue* hich ca&e cl$e

"$ "he #$un'.= Thee* /ein c#$'e' i"h $l'ie#

an' uneLual "$ "he eih"* $$n !ell in $ne h$ue

in i" !all /#$uh" '$,,,l ee#al $"he# /enea"h i"


18/1206

an' "hee aain ca##ie' aa2 "h$e l$e# '$A,ii*

Thi 'ia"e# a "he #uin $! &ul"i"u'e $! R$&an

!$#* hain n$he#e "$ "u#n* al"h$uh "he2 a "he

h$ue u/i'in* "he2 c$n"inue' "$ lea% $n "$ "he

#$$!. Man2 e#e /u#ie' /2 "he #uin* &an2 in

"#2in "$ eca%e !#$& un'e# "he& e#e %inne' '$T

/2 $&e %$#"i$n $! "hei# %e#$n* an' "ill &$#e 'ie'

$! u`$ca"i$n !#$& "he 'u". Seein in "hi "he

in"e#%$i"i$n $! 'iine %#$Di'ence* "he &en $! Ga&ala

%#ee' "hei# a""ac3 #ea#'le $! "hei# $n caual"ie

"he2 !$#ce' "he ene&2* "u&/lin in "he "ee% alle2*

u% $n "$ "he #$$! an' i"h a c$n"inual 7#e !#$&

a/$e le an2 h$ !ell. The 'e/#i u%%he' "he&

i"h /$ul'e# in a/un'ance an' "he ene&2D 'ea'

i"h /la'e !$# "he2 Te"e' "he $#' !#$& "he

!allen an' ue' "he& "$ 'i%a"ch an2 "ill "#ulin

in 'ea"h. Man2 un "he&ele !#$& "he h$ue

hen in "he ac" $! c$lla%in an' 'ie' !#$& "he !all.

= The = %e#%en'icula# = na"u#e $! "he i"e (uch a "ha" $!

l$ell2 $# K$iDca 'i Ca%a) ha "$ /e #e&e&/e#e'* Z :Q "he

#$$! a" "he en' hii#he# u% "he l$%e $u3l /e %$'2e5$* hile

i" $"he# en' $ul' /e ell a/$e "he #$un'.

11


19/1206

JOSECH4S

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? (;) ?1 7e $ --l$i e%iaK$#e #a i,$S$

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'el T#%$G-ie$-iD #$ TTO$!J5e$i* Se5$ 2a% n

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TO) G#%a#$) ""- ""$l* i +LO#- #$' KaO, a#$

'ac7a$ 2e$%+e$ a\aei Ka#a %uK%$ ac$+

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e5T#e#a5 #$"= 3lS$l 0e# $#$- T#a#eaJSD

$/e 2a% > T#al a#$) Ti"$ #$#e (-%*:Ta%!-*

##-iD5KaTa T#%$ M$uK"a$ el H%la 'T#ea#a+

%.e$. T%aTT#-a5 7e $ $3I",, 'c#,aAe $#e

TT%cTTOV #-2#-Ga#$* %.L$Oel Se #$ ai#$ e$##-TO

aTO) :T:T$DL%5iDOJV Kai ##- iS"a a%e#+L* $-ai#e%

e'$ 2e$-ie$* GaGTn",i %.e #$ a%. a#$)


20/1206

< #' #e Gc$%a#a Kai #a ##a$T#ia* iiDV(!)5GTaTa5

Se Ka#a K$%ch#- eTTi%%i$#a "$ ##$e%5OV Kai

$#e 'S%$- """,O$ $#e ,e$- VTTOTT##-,a

TTe%,ee* C+,CD+ 9a"0'2"$ #$ ua%aGT+L%ia ##-

i%0DL $$i-aa#e $l TT$e%a$5 #al $%%5al

; ie'$Ga. '#$$-#e%$ 9e T#%$GKei%+ea- a#$

VTiO ##$ha 'e0c$%,"** $-#a %.#- he5K e e!cu

> #$' #e"0$ i2ee#$. T#eiG#$i %5 $ DCc$%5aic$

Ka#a #a##- e##e$$ ## %*'0TV* i $l > SeicaS+

'%0DT-S AW$#5O* 'L% $ %*>$ >(! D, T#ec#e

a%a#',ec$ * '' T#a#a0$ Kai ##%$#e%$ 2e+

ai$#a#$ (-)ael Kai ##elG#a KaKa ,$hai$

, FA5 Q $T "he #e".

1

JEWISH WAR* IV. +>

Een "h$e h$ e' !$un' ih" n$ ea2 &a""e#

ince "h#$uh "hei# in$#ance $! "he #$a' an' "he

'ene cl$u' $! 'u" "he2 !aile' "$ #ec$ni_e "hei#


21/1206

c$a'e an' in "hei# /eil'e#&en" !ell !$ul $! each

$"he#.

(;) Thu* i"h 'iUcul"2 'ic$e#in "he $u"le"* e%aian

"hee !ui"ie /ea" a #e"#ea" !#$& "he "$n. Mean+ %$i"i$n*

hile =e%aian* ala2 3ee%in cl$e "$ hi 'i"#ee'

"#$$%* /ein 'ee%l2 a`ec"e' /2 "he ih" $! "he ci"2

!allin in #uin a/$u" hi a#&2* ha'* !$#e"!ul $! hi

$n a!e"* #a'uall2 an' unc$nci$ul2 a'ance' "$

"he hihe" Lua#"e# $! "he "$Ti. He#e he !$un' hi&+

el! le!" in "he "hic3 $! 'ane# ,,"h a &e#e han'!ul

$! !$ll$e# Q een hi $n Ti"u a n$" i"h hi&

$n "hi $ccai$n* hain /een -u" en" $` "$ S,Tia

"$ Mucianu.= Thin3in i" n$ nei"he# a!e n$#

h$n$u#a/le "$ "u#n* an' &in'!ul $! "he ha#'hi%

hich he ha' /$#ne !#$& hi 2$u"h an' hi inna"e

al$u#* he. li3e $ne in%i#e'* lin3e' hi c$a'e

"$e"he#* i"h hiel' enel$%in /$"h /$'2 an'

a#&$u#* an' "e&&e' "he "i'e $! a# "ha" "#ea&e'

u%$n hi& !#$& a/$e an' $* un'aun"e' /2 "he

&ul"i"u'e ei"he# $! &en $# &iile* he "$$' hi

#$un'* un"il "he ene&2* i&%#ee' /2 uch u%e#+

na"u#al in"#e%i'i"* #ela0e' "hei# a#'$u#. Bein n$

le ha#' %#ee'* he #e"#ea"e' "e% /2 "e%* n$"

"u#nin hi /ac3 un"il he a $u"i'e "he all. In

"hi enae&en" &ul"i"u'e $! R$&an !ell* inclu'in


22/1206

"he 'ecu#i$n Ae/u"iu* a &an h$ ha' h$n "he

u"&$" allan"#2 an' inic"e' "he ee#e" l$e $n

"he Je* n$" $nl2 in "he ac"i$n in hich he %e#ihe'*

= G$e#n$# 8lea"u) $! S2#ia* an' u/eLuen"l2 $ne $! "he

"#$ne" u%%$#"e# $! De%aianD clai& "$ "he e&%i#e.

1

JOSECH4S

: i%2ac#'7e$. iKa#$#'%0D# Se D,D■S* Y'$ >>+

!-5a#i2 7e#' G#%aTi$-#$J 'ea#a :#e%"c#(>,e"= #!-

9 #a%a0!- Ka#e' 7e e" "l$ $l3lc* "$ 9 i a#!-

hiaa$T-VTOJ T#a%a $eli#$ $aa Ka#a #$ Cad+

7al$- T- ##e%l uch$- > '#-!J5O i,$ee#$ Ka#+

aKC$aa'7e$* #- > ai#$ " !ca" $" c#u aTc$

,%$5* KTO-% eVa"c##a#a" 0#a" T#a#a aTT$ac7',a

IJ5e#a #$ G#%a#5O-#$- ei #$ C$-,a"D$u S"a+

(>) OeaTTaaia$ Z a'%5$aa ""- a#%a#ia

'2$"L] T##a"c#0a#c$2 ca" S"$#" #ecu $ha%$

T+LcKaT#- G%.(-)$%a Ke0%7#$* #$ 2e %+L ##e$


23/1206

alh$%i$ eV" #$) "$% $#%a##-2$ %.$$ #$l


24/1206

in "he a#. Vi"a 11;+1?* an' a = a &an $! &a#3e' ene#2

4

JEWISH WAR* IV. :+


25/1206

$! a#* hich nee# #an" a /l$$'le ic"$#2* an'

h$ F$#"une i" /ac3 aain "$ $neD i'e., =A!"e#

all*= he c$n"inue'* = 2$u hae lain &2#ia' $!

Je* /u" 2$u#ele hae %ai' /u" a "#iin

c$n"#i/u"i$n "$ "he 'ei"2 .X, A i" i a &a#3

$! ula#i"2 "$ /e $e#+ela"e' /2 ucce* $ i i"

un&anl2 "$ /e '$nca" in a'e#i"2 Q !$# "he "#ani+

"i$n !#$& $ne "$ "he $"he# i #a%i'* an' "he /e"

$l'ie# i he h$ &ee" $$' !$#"une i"h $/#ie"2*

"$ "he en' "ha" he &a2 "ill #e&ain chee#!ul hen

an' a/ili"2 = a elec"e' !$# %ecial 'u"2 a" "he $u"e" $!

"he iee $! J$"a%a"a* B. iii. 1)* !#$& hich

J$e%hn $# hi ae%2$ n$" i&%#$/a/l2 /$##$e' i".

6 i.e. "he $' $! a# ($# F$#"une)* h$ 'e&an' /l$$'.

1;


26/1206

JOSECH4S


27/1206

%.e$5 S6

VG#e%$ '(l)#)%#JGa5 G(!)' a#$ ca" Se,"a=

e&Sa* #$ #e !T- SaGa5 hiac-2e2ei i$$#e*

, 5 5a". Q i,uii_ "he #e".

5 Q '2aiD "he #e" Q :D ci2 e"in$n.

1>

JEWISH WAR* IV.


28/1206

caue $! "hei# u%e#i$#i"2 an' $! $u# !ailu#e a

"he 'iUcul"2 $! "he #$un'. In ie $! "ha"* !aul"

&ih" /e !$un' Mi"h 2$u# in$#'ina"e a#'$u# !$#

hen "he ene&2 e' "$ "he hihe# #$un'* 2$u

h$ul' hae #e"#aine' 2$u#ele an' n$" /2 %u#ui"

e0%$e' 2$u#ele "$ "he %e#il i&%en'in $e# 2$u#

hea'. In"ea'* hain &a"e#e' "he l$e# "$n*

2$u h$ul' #a'uall2 hae lu#e' "he !ui"ie "$ a

a!e c$&/a" $n 7#& #$un' he#ea* "h#$uh 2$u#

in"e&%e#a"e eae#ne !$# ic"$#2* 2$u nelec"e' 2$u#

$n a!e"2. Bu" incau"i$une in a# an' &a'

i&%e"u$i"2 a#e alien "$ u R$&an* h$ $e all $u#

ucce "$ 3ill an' 'ici%line Q "he2 a#e a /a#/a#ian

!aul" an' $ne "$ hich "he Je &ainl2 $e "hei#

'e!ea". I" /eh$e u "he#e!$#e "$ !all /ac3 u%$n

$u# na"ie al$u# an' "$ /e &$e' #a"he# "$ ,,Ta"h

"han "$ 'e%$n'enc2 /2 "hi un$#"h2 #ee#e. Bu"

"he /e" c$n$la"i$n h$ul' /e $uh" /2 each &an

in hi $& #ih" han' Q !$# $ 2$u ill aene "he

'ea' an' %unih "h$e h$ le "he&. F$# &2 %a#"*

i" hall /e &2 en'ea$u#* a in "hi $ in ee#2

enae&en"* "$ !ace "he ene&2 a" 2$u# hea' an'

"$ /e "he la" "$ #e"i#e.=

(:) B2 uch $#' a "hee he #eani&a"e' hi

"#$$%. The %e$%le $! Ga&ala* $n "hei# i'e* 'e#ie'


29/1206

a &$&en"a#2 c$n7'ence !#$& "hei# unl$$3e' !$# an'

inal ucce /u" hen "he2 u/eLuen"l2 #eec"e'

"ha" "he2 ha' 'e%#ie' "he&ele $! all h$%e $!

"e#&* an' "h$uh" $! "he i&%$i/ili"2 $! eca%e (!$#

1:

JOSECH4S

#-$T 2a% eTTen#e #aTT5T+Lheia* Se"cD #-'7$ ca"

=DI #a"D i--0$.D, aa:T:TT?JK(-a . $ (-l", e" "$

9$."> #---ie$ $c$##i%iaSi 'AAa 3$l "$. ##a%+

a%%#-)('VTa, #$' #50$ $l 2eai$#a#$i 3$l "$.

7e$#a :#%5(T)(>T ic-iaua$ $l $l""$5 "cu Se

■=D+ DC$-%5a5OJV :: 5%%$-#$-, #a )(OJiiaTa Kai ""$l

:T5%$-iie$- T#%$$l,$!- $l ::??5 '"e'"S%ac#c$

eK TT- TT$e$- Ka#a #e h$,'#$ (-2a%a22a- *


30/1206

!-T#e% $K K5#$ (haKai* 3$I Sia # V::?>!-5OJV.

■D+, OGO5 2e iiT-V hiei #$' #-c!]>#-a5 ::a%7e$* i

iBela SiechOe5%$TO+ T#a#a+0,$Oe 2a% #%$(!)#- #$"

I0a0e$Oa5 Sa%5e$5 GVVT-' %$""e# $.

;< (9) Ka" ?1 73 i #$i$#$i ##'Oe$5 hieKa%#l%$*

OG:TaG5a> he ##'%e%2$ e#TO5el#$ ##- TT$"$%Kia

#$ #$ I#a,%i$ Ka#ei#-c!,$#a $%$* > e$n

;; #$ %ie2'$ ##eSl$ Kal HKB$##$e$JS le$$ $

TO 7e i%$ >::" #%i'K$#a G#ahi$ 'iG,ei*

!-5$" ##%$G,a#$ Ka#a "$ ##%$G'%KT5O Kl-ia*

TTe$5$ > e$#l #- K$%(i)DL 4Tahic$ e, Kal l3$l*

;> ::' #e#ei2,5c#%ie$. #-2ei%e Ze "$$$"$% $#a #$

##e%i%$$ > ,I$-"-::? e #ea$a%'K$#a DL%+e%ai

T:J #e cl" D,CDD,lD2$D,H+,,$ ,,T) K'#$-Oe Kal

$aT5D Kai 2a% #$l eV$"V$"= %5OV$ "- $%5,%5$.

$l TT$$ $ ##2-O$ eV" #$#$ aece2%ie$D

, He#e#'en Q :#e%i%%0,eDTa &.


31/1206

, i:#5?Ji=,iT(-]iD MVR.

, TT$W, $Du T##>u$ ei#l #$' "$""$ aeie2-.,#- Niee.

a$i'in "he '$u/le hia"u.

= Z.

,D I! = "he G#ea" Clain = &ean he#e* a uual* "he %lain $!

E'#ael$n* "he 'ec#i%"i$n a/$e i inaccu#a"e* a M". Ta/$#

lie ell "$ "he . $! a line '#an "h#$uh "ha" %lain* an' i"

19

JEWISH WAR. IV. ;?+;:

"hei# u%%lie ha' al#ea'2 !aile' "he&)* "he2 /eca&e

$#el2 'e-ec"e' an' l$" hea#". Nee#"hele* "he

'i' n$" nelec" "$ "a3e ha" %#ecau"i$n "he2 c$ul'

"$ %#$"ec" "he&ele Q "he /#ae" ua#'e' "he

/#eache* "he #e" &anne' ha" "ill #e&aine' $! "he

all. Bu" hen "he R$&an %#$cee'e' "$ "#en"hen

"hei# ea#"h$#3 an' "$ a""e&%" a !#eh aaul"* "he

%e$%le /ean "$ #un !#$& "he "$Ti* '$n "#ac3le


32/1206

#aine* he#e n$ en"#ie e#e %$"e'* $# "h#$uh

"he un'e##$un' %aae = hile all h$ "ae'

/ehin' !#$& !ea# $! /ein cauh" e#e %e#ihin

!#$& hune#* a ee#2 Lua#"e# ha' /een #anac3e'

!$# %#$Dii$n !$# "h$e ca%a/le $! /ea#in a#&.

(9) Dhile "he %e$%le $! Ga&ala un'e# uch "#ai" ie#i$n

e#e "ill h$l'in $u"* =e%aian un'e#"$$3* a a -!"6.D 0aD,/$#

&in$# 'ie#i$n !#$& "he iee* "he #e'uc"i$n $! "he ucce $!

$ccu%an" $! M$un" Ta/$#. Thi lie &i'a2 /e+

"een "he G#ea" Clain an' Sc2"h$%$li*, an' #ie "$

a heih" $! "hi#"2 !u#l$n*6D /ein al&$" inaccei/le

$n i" n$#"he#n !ace "he u&&i" i a "a/le +lan'

"en"2+i0 !u#l$n , l$n* en"i#el2 u##$un'e' /2 a

all. Thi e0"enie #a&%a#" a e#ec"e' in !$#"2

'a2 /2 J$e%hu*, h$ a u%%lie' !#$& /el$

Nn"h all &a"e#ial* inclu'in a"e#* "he inha/i"an"

'e%en'in $lel2 $n #ain. T$ "hi %$"* $n hich a

a" &ul"i"u'e ha' ae&/le'* De%aian 'i%a"che'

c$n"inua"i$n* "he alle2 $! Je_#eel* "$ Sc2"h$%$li. I! "he

%lain $! A$chi ('ec#i/e' a = "he #ea" %lain in hich &2 d,

Lua#"e# la2 = in Vi"a ?:) i &ean"* "he 'ec#i%"i$n i

a%%#$0i&a"el2 c$##ec".

6 Thee 7`u#e a#e a/u#'i inaccu#a"e Q "he u&&i" i


33/1206

$nl2 19


34/1206

TO he $iTTO T##-'$ VTT$#e!0$%5e$ ei%2e" ##-

>1 '$S$. Kal $l !0e "$ iTa,%"$ KaTaiTT$Te

:"I Dle%$a$%5$ eX!e2$, $l 9D i:Ti$-%5O5 :"l"l

a%OVT* :nAAO5:T5 O aVTOV VOO-%2 TO T O%OS

Kal a(!)' aTOV YlaKih$- T#a%eh$ua.

> () T ZD ::1 TTJ Ta%u'a $l T#a%a,$$-Te%$5

%5e (!)2$Te h"e'Oa$ * $l SD 'a'eel S"eX),e"+

> %$TO i%5O-D TO %i'0i,%i$ 9D 'Ti)(,e ""- TT$i$%K5a*

%5%iD heTe%a Kal e"caS" %5T> DYT#e%,e%eTa"$

T%e T 'iTO TOV TTe%5TTTOV Kal SeK'T$ T'2%iaTO

GT%aTi$-Tai TTe%l ""- ia-'L (!)aK# ""$+

STe= TOV TT%$,$Ta KaTa "$"$ T#%2$ ""+

>< $%GGOVG5V #-G0#-+ #$l 9D VT#e% aTOV (!)a,5

$T T#%$Gi$T0- a5G'#G5* , 2a% "-* $" n%$G+

eO$TOJV i2VTO. $l 9e GT%aT5c$Ta5 (--e5S$%ie$5

, 5 Q :#a%aK#(i "he #e".

D e"in$n Q T#%$c#eKae5T$ &.

= The "#i/une h$ ha' een en'ee in Gahlee /e!$#e


35/1206

Ve%aianD a##ial 8Vi"a 1) an' a!"e# 8i/. <

Cla#i'u [ i"h i0 hun'#e' h$#e. Tha" $Uce#*

7n'in "he acen" $! "he &$un"ain i&%#ac"ica/le*

&a'e %eacea/le $e#"u#e "$ "he c#$'* h$l'in $u"

h$%e $! "e#& an' e0h$#"in "he& "$ aail "he&+

ele $! "he $`e#. The2 'ecen'e' acc$#'inl2* /u"

i"h c$un"e#+'ein $! "hei# $n !$# hile "he

$/-ec" $! Claci'u i"h hi &il' a''#e a "$

ca%"u#e "he& in "he %lain* "he2 ca&e '$n $"eni/l2 ,

in c$&%liance Ai"h hi %#$%$al* /u" ,Di"h "he #eal

in"en"i$n $! a""ac3in hi& hile $` hi ua#'. The

c#a!" $! Claci'u* h$Mee#* $n "he 'a2 !$# hen

"he Je $%ene' h$"ili"ie he !eine' ih" an'*

hain '#an hi %u#ue# !a# in"$ "he %lain* u''enl2

heele' hi caal#2 #$un' an' #$u"e' "he&. Mae

$! "he& e#e lain "he #e&ain'e# he in"e#ce%"e' an'

%#een"e' !#$& #eacen'in "he &$un"ain. Thee

!ui"ie a/an'$nin M$un" Ta/$# &a'e $` "$

Je#uale& "he na"ie* un'e# %#$&ie $! %#$"ec"i$n*


36/1206

an' %#ee' /2 "he !ailu#e $! "hei# a"e#+u%%l2*

u##en'e#e' "he &$un"ain an' "he&ele "$ Claci'u.

() A" Ga&ala* hile "he &$#e a'en"u#$u e#e Oe#"h#$

"eal"hil2 eca%in an' "he !ee/le# !$l3 '2in $! a" Ga&ala

!a&ine*, "he e`ec"ie c$&/a"an" c$n"inue' "$ u+

"ain "he iee un"il "he "en"2+ec$n' $! "he &$n"h D. N$+

H2%e#/e#e"aeu* hen "h#ee $l'ie# $! "he 7!"een"h J,,, ,=

lei$n* a/$u" "he "i&e $! "he &$#nin a"ch* c#e%"

u% "$ "he /ae $! a %#$-ec"in "$e# $%%$i"e "$

"he& an' /ean ec#e"l2 un'e#&inin i" "he en"#ie

$n ua#' a/$e !ailin* in "he 'a#3ne* "$ 'e"ec"

"he& ei"he# hen a%%#$achin $# a!"e# "he2 ha'

#eache' i". Thee $l'ie#* ,i"h a li""le n$ie a

11?* e"c.)* an' h$ u/eLuen"l u/'ue' Ce#aea 8B. i.


37/1206

T$ i7$!h$ D,Ka"Dl :TVT T$ K%a#aiOTaT$ !+

>; Klc#aTe i'$ i#$TT+Lh$-cn . KaTe%elne#a5, 96

$ TT%2$ i,ai(l)L -Jie#a 80e25GTO il->(,$V2 3$l

c#u2KaTaK%#-iJ5V5,$Ta5 0e2 $l (!)aK a#$-* '$%+

,T-'lTe Se $l Ka#a #a 'DAAa (!)aKa : aai%el. "$ SD aa ""- ""$l hiaue5uBiTa-

VTTO TOV I%Oc-iOV hiah%O-lT- T T-V Ka5 TTTOa TT$"-*

Ka'aTTe% eiGT#e##a5K$#a- ##aTOJV "$ ##$e%,ia-.

>9 >a Kal DKa%#-,+ KaTaKei7e$ Ka" $G+Le$7e$

eVAc"Vc"* TT$a T$, 'e$ a,%2LaaT$ l

> ''aT$ "" $$-. C$-%5al$i 2e !0#- %5e%5#-i0e$5

TOV TT%OTe%OV TTTa5G7aTO OVK 5G,a$V ??;

:? T%iTT- K$l e"VaS" "$ T#%$ei%+L7i$ 7#-$ (lO)

T"TO TJ'# 2a% T#a%#!V* $%2!- T#J T#T-2#- 2


38/1206

T#a%D aTO i###i2LGa a##$Ta Cc$,a"$"* "$)V

i:T:TOW i&i,a $"aKOG5OVS* TT%$ $l :Tei$* eiG+

:1 e%,,e#a" ""- ""$l "-0,+ 0al T#a%eB$TO $l

!-5e (haK alG'$-ie$i !0e#a ,$i- i0$-%$ eV"

TO. OT#a* '+L#- /e ""- elG,$#-S Ta0,$- Kal "$l

eiGOJ 2e$-0eL* $l %.3 a%##',$Te #a TKa Ka"

2alKa i##5G%$%5e$5 T#%$ "", aK%a aec!"e2$

-ue#a 3$-3"$ Kal ,$#-* $l ;e "$ Tl"$ ""+

: aTi'$TeD, 'hiaei##TO- eTT5TTT$ $$l Se an+

KO-'DLGa :"I TT-V K$%ch#- aah%a%55V ""

'i##-$.ia el #' "$ DC$-0a"c$ (%%$%' i,+

iTT5^#$. '##e5%$ h "- T#aTa,$ (-iOe$%5e$- >

, Niee Q KaT#-%ei##eTO $# KaTa%%5i##eTa5 MS9.

DI'+a! 5, 5a". c!. Z 19.

, TT$a TOV Niee Q i#$W$ &.

JEWISH WAR* IV. >


39/1206

%$i/le* uccee'e' in #$llin aa2 "he 7e chie!

"$ne an' "hen lea%" /ac3 he#eu%$n "he "$e#

u''enl2 c$lla%e' i"h a "#e&en'$u c#ah* ca##2in

"he en"#ie hea'l$n i"h i". The ua#' a" "he

$"he# %$" e' in ala#& &an2 h$ ea2e' "$ cu"

"hei# a2 $u" e#e 3ille' /2 "he R$&an* an' a&$n

"he& J$e%h* h$ a "#uc3 'ea' hile &a3in hi

eca%e ac#$ "he /#each. The %e$%le "h#$uh$u"

"he "$n* c$n!$un'e' /2 "he c#ah* #an hi"he# an'

"hi"he# in #ea" "#e%i'a"i$n* /ehein "ha" "he h$le

$! "he ene&2 ha' /u#" in. A" "ha" a&e &$&en"

ha#e* h$ a /e'#i''en an' in "he han' $!

%h2ician* e0%i#e'* "e##$# la#el2 c$n"#i/u"in "$ "he

!a"al "e#&ina"i$n $! hi illne. The R$&an* h$+

ee#* i"h "he &e&$#2 $! "hei# !$#&e# 'ia"e#*

'e!e##e' "hei# en"#2 un"il "he "en"2+"hi#' $! "he

&$n"h.

(1?) On "ha" 'a2 Ti"u* h$ ha' n$ #e"u#ne'*, lea' "$ "he

in'inan" a" "he #ee#e hich "he R$&an ha' u+ ,5e "$n*

"aine' in hi a/ence* elec"e' "$ hun'#e' caal#2

an' a /$'2 $! in!an"#2* an' Luie"l2 en"e#e' "he

"$n. The ua#'* a%%#ie' $! lii en"#2* e ,i"h

h$u" "$ a#&. Ne $! "he incu#i$n #a%i'l2

%#ea'in "$ "he in"e#i$# $! "he "$,,n* $&e* na"chin


40/1206

u% "hei# chil'#en an' '#ain "hei# We a!"e#

"he&* e' i"h "hei# ailin an' ee%in !a&ilie

u% "$ "he ci"a'el "h$e h$ !ace' Ti"u e#e in+

cean"l2 '#$%%in hile an2 h$ e#e 'e/a##e'

!#$& eca%e "$ "he heih" !ell in "hei# /eil'e#&en"

in"$ "he han' $! "he R$&an en"#ie. On all i'e

a hea#' "he nee# en'in &$an $! "he '2in* an'

= F#$& hi ii" "$ Mucianu in S2#ia* Z .

6 P ;e M. Q $&i" c"in$n an' iee (e'. &in.).

6 A nu&e#al ha %e#ha% '#$%%e' $u".

JOSECH4S

(TTO$* Kal TO al7a T#'aa e##eVAu"e T#V ""$l

: Ka#a T#%a$ 0,$iie$. ::%$ /e #$u= 'a+

(!)e2$Ta el #+L aK%a i##e,$TJOe5 Oeu##aGia$

:< T#'aa e"c#a2a2$- "", ha!5V. #- 9D #- #e K$%c7#-

##a#$Oe TT#%$-'#,; Kal hG,a#$ * el '##e5%$


41/1206

i--$ i##+L%7e#* Kal na#a0$Oe #$ J ,''$,

Ka#e2eie ##e%5e5#i77e#- K%+L7$l ca#eVe0i,$

:; T . i#a'a #$ T#%$a,ai$#a $l Dl$uSa"$"

T$ Te '$5 !-eeG5 Kal T#e#%a Ka#aKih$#e

iKO+K$ aT$l Ze S" i%$ #-$a 'ae(!)5KTO5 ,eec.

:> 2ie#ai he ##%$ aT#a-eia a#c 'T5K% Oea

Sa5-0$5$, T #' !0e DVa-%,aic$ ec%e%e el a#$

,e+L* #' 9 a#c$ 'eG#%e(!)e Kal T#'2"a T#a%+

:: eu%e. $#e Se #$" VTTOK%#-%5$5 e(l)5GTaGOa5 hi'

TT-V S"aiD eha#$ #$' ##e%.a#$* -J5#-Se eh%al$

:Z e)($#e* $#e #$ ##%$G!-ai$#a KaO$%'. ii#aa+

,ai$G5 he ,C$-!J5al$5* Kal T#e%iG,$#e $ ue

a7$7e$ ec!2'a$* $ he )(el%a T#%$5G,$#aD

e#$$ he #$ O7$ a#$l e##l T#'#a #- !-un-7#-

#') eTT5 ##- T#%$-##- elG,$#- ':T$>#a .

: aTT$25c$GK$#e he ##) G##i%ia T#a#a0$Oe $l

TT$$5 TTe%5G,$7e$5 #eKa Kal 2acKa a#$

#e Ka#eK%+L%ii,$ ei ##- X-)'%a22aD ,aO#'##- h

9? a##- Ka#' ##-V aK%a VTTc$%K#$. Ge,#- he ##-

DCa-7a5$" $%2#-V ##- el ea#$ '##$$la #$-


42/1206

a$#c- T#%a$#e%a (!)a#-a5D #e#%aK5GD0,ii$5 0eV 2e

##$ #$#$- eGXi)'2DLGa* $l he %u-a#e ea#$

91 VTTe% :Te#aK5G)(5i$ e%e'#-Ga. hieGO-\+L he """-

h$ 2a5K $helD #i, OlI""""$ SD #-aa

, T#-'$ 5C,M,* = c#$'e' i"h %e$%le = Q "e0" '$u/"!ulQ

#ea' i#''$* = !#auh" i"h "#ae'2.= The $#' in

/#ac3e" a%%ea# "$ /e a '$u/le" $! Ka#i2e!K2.

<

JEWISH WAR* IV. :+91

"he h$le ci"2 a 'elue' i"h /l$$' %$u#in '$n

"lie l$%e. T$ ai' "he a""ac3 $n "he !ui"ie in

"he ci"a'el ,=e%aian n$ /#$uh" u% hi en"i#e

!$#ce. The u&&i"* all #$c3+"#en* 'iUcul" $! acce*

"$e#in "$ an i&&ene heih"* an' u##$un'e' i"h

%#eci%ice* ee#2he#e 2a,,Tle' "$ 'e%"h /el$.DD

He#e "he Je $#3e' ha$c a&$n "he a'ancin

ene&2 i"h &iile $! all 3in' an' #$c3 hich

"he2 #$lle' '$n u%$n "he&* /ein "he&ele !#$&


43/1206

"hei# elea"e' %$i"i$n n$ ea2 &a#3 !$# an a##$.

H$MDee#* "$ eal "hei# #uin* a "$#& &i#acul$ul2

a#$e hich* /l$in !ull in "hei# !ace* ca##ie'

aain" "he& "he a##$ $! "he R$&an an' chec3e'

an' 'eec"e' "hei# $&. Oin "$ "he !$#ce $! "he

ale "he2 c$ul' nei"he# "an' $n "he e'e $! "he

%#eci%ice* hain n$ 7#& !$$"h$l'* n$# ee "he

a%%#$achin ene&2. The R$&an &$un"e' "he c#e"

an' Luic3l2 u##$un'e' an' le "he&* $&e $`e#in

#ei"ance* $"he# h$l'in $u" "hei# han' !$# Lua#"e#

/u" "he #ec$llec"i$n $! "h$e h$ !ell in "he 7#"

aaul" he""e' "hei# !u#2 aain" all. e%ai#in

$! "hei# he an' he&&e' in $n ee#2 i'e* &ul"i+

"u'e %lune' hea'l$n i"h "hei# ie an' chil'#en

in"$ "he #aine hich ha' /een e0caa"e' , "$ a a"

'e%"h /enea"h "he ci"a'el. In'ee'* "he #ae $! "he

R$&an a "hu &a'e "$ a%%ea# &il'e# "han "he

!#an"ic el!+i&&$la"i$n $! "he anLuihe'* !$u# "h$u+

an' $nl2 /ein lain /2 "he !$#&e#* hile "h$e h$

un "he&ele $e# "he ch!F e#e !$un' "$ e0cee'

7e "h$uan'. N$" a $ul eca%e' ae "$ $&en

5i"e#all2 = a !ull $! 'e%"h = Q ee c#i"ical n$"e.

6 See Z .


44/1206

;

JOSECH4S

'9eA():S= '2a#e%e a#ai* a#$ SD $ ,ll""""$

laK5%.$ T5V$ 'h%$ eTT5G+L7$* GT%aTa%#-GaTO,

9 A2%5TTTTO. TO) ,acT"Ac". h5eG$-\+Laa 9e #a T#a%a

T+L '$-G5V $%2a Cc7a5c$ aO$Ga #$#e 2a%

$uSe #-^5O- i(-eih$TO2 ""$AA$. SD eKaGT$#e '%T#'+

9 ,$##e= eGc,e/$a- aTTO ##- aK%a. T'%.aa %.3

l$Y $Ti0JS i'$- #%"##- ca" e"VaS" !J5#-$ DY##e%+

,e%e#al$* ##- '##$G#'Gea- '%,a0eV#2 V$%&ai$

%*i> #e#a%##- Kal e"c'S".

6, (ii. 1) M'T, Se #"c#,,D,6, TT$5)(2T ##- FaA"Aa"a

')(ei%a-TOS= Ka#eeiTTe#$* #$' -ie T#+L'$ el%#-V5Ka

(!)%$$TOS* Ka" 2a% +LGa "$ ""I$ 2e$-%2$5 Kai

#a" aTTO "c$ Ka%TTJV e^5Gi ae" T#%$Gae0$#e *

:Ta%e5G(!)a%iJ5$ SD aT$l $K $i2$ #-G#%5KO


45/1206

#'2-0a#$* c/ ne ca" #$' ""$l"l3$ >$.

9; iL2e 9e "$"$ e" ": '##$GTaGi Kal +

eK%$T5 #-"$ n$ l$ l$-'#-S" 2$#- '#-% ca"

TTO5Ki$-#aTOS TO #-\$S2 TT%$0,5%$ !0e iTT5Ga

0e2'Aa* Se"$ Se "c$% iTT5G'eTc$ ##e%52eiG'a"2

TTaT5 T ' S#-$ '2a##' #$ ##$e%5OV el

9> haGTeia eTTi'eG5. ""$ "$"$- "$ GTaG5O-Se

C TO5, i 5G)(aA$5 TeTaKTO * O5 $ Ta, a ca"

TT%eG,eG'-ie$ ##e%l T#a%a/$Gea- "$ S+L7OT5KO

V TT$e5OV6 %5O5%a TTJV Cc$%5a5OJV (!)$h$V e,9)(TO.

9: OG:TaG5a> /e i##l %e "$"$ 1 "#$"D eKT#e%,i#ei

6 #eT%a%0-iTau#$ CA5 5a".

6 $&. CA 5a".

, #'0$. a 5Q "0$ "he #e".

6 c$n-. Q TT$e-5$ &. F$# "he %h#ae ei i#$e0i$ !0$i%a

c!. e&$"hene >.

6 Vi"a * e"c.* B. ii. * i"h n$"e a $n Z a/$e.


46/1206

, El+Jih* in "he n$#"h $! Ga4lee.

>

JEWISH WAR. IV. 91+9:

"hee e#e niece* $n "he &$"he#D i'e* $! C/i4%.

$n $! Jaci&u* a 'i"inuihe' &an h$ ha' /een

c$&&an'e#+in+chie! "$ Kin A#i%%a.= The2 $e'

"hei# eca%e "$ "hei# haDin c$nceale' "he&ele a"

"he "i&e $! "he ca%"u#e $! "he "$n !$# a" "ha"

&$&en" "he #ae $! "he R$&an a uch "ha" "he2

%a#e' n$" een in!an"* /u" "i&e a!"e# "i&e na"che'

u% nu&/e# $! "he& an' lun "he& !#$& "he ci"a'el.

Thu $n "he "en"2+"hi#' $! "he &$n"h H2%e#/e#e+ D+■ ,, ,DD,

"aeu a Ga&ala "a3en* a!"e# a #e$l" hich /ean

$n "he "en"2+!$u#"h $! G$#%iaeu. c. 1 Oc".

(ii. 1) Onl2 Gichala*6 a &all "$n in Galilee* Gichala

n$ #e&aine' unu/'ue'. The inha/i"an" e#e #e$VA2,

incline' "$ %eace* /ein &ainl2 a#icul"u#al la/$u#e#* J$hn*

h$e h$le a""en"i$n a 'e$"e' "$ "he %#$%ec"

$! "he c#$% /u" "he2 ha' /een afic"e' /2 "he


47/1206

inai$n $! a nu&e#$u an $! /#ian'* !#$& h$&

$&e &e&/e# $! "he c$&&uni"2 ha' cauh" "he

c$n"ai$n. Thee ha' /een inci"e' "$ #e/el an'

$#ani_e' !$# "he %u#%$e /2 J$hn* $n $! 5ei* a

cha#la"an $! an e0"#e&el2 u/"le cha#ac"e#* ala2

#ea'2 "$ in'ule #ea" e0%ec"a"i$n an' an a'e%" in

#eali_in "he& all 3ne "ha" he ha' e" hi hea#"

$n a# in $#'e# "$ a""ain u%#e&e %$e#.6D 4n'e#

hi& "he &alc$n"en" $! Gichala ha' #ane' "he&+

ele an' i" a "h#$uh "hei# inuence "ha" "he

"$n!$l3* h$ $ul' $"he#ie %#$/a/l2 hae en"

'e%u"ie $`e#in "$ u##en'e#* n$ aai"e' "he

R$&an $ne" in an a""i"u'e $! 'e7ance. T$ &ee" n"u* en"

"hee #e/el Ve%aian 'i%a"che' Ti"u i"h a J!Jc/a,ia*

[ !. "he cha#ac"e# 3e"ch $! J$hn in ii. ;9; `.* i"h "he

%a#allel "he#e Lu$"e' !#$& Sallu"D 'ec#i%"i$n $! a"iline

he#e T#$"c"c$Ta#$- #ecall = a#iu = $! Sal3i"* an' i"h "he

la" claue c!. = hunc . . . hi/i'$ &a0u&a inae#a" #ei

%u/licae ca%iun'ae = 8e a". c$n-. ;).

VO5. & B :

JOSECH4S


48/1206

a )(ll$l 5TTT#ecn* #$ heKa#$ he #'27a aT#ai%ei

9S e"V H3O$""$l. au#$ 9e hal #$l $l""$l

eTTa#-Oe e" Ka"c#a%e"a* #$' #e ae0$ Ka7'#$

hi/$ 'a##aG5V a#$l ca" S"D e'#ila #c-

TT$e$- #' #e G$-iaTa Kal "$ i#%$Bi0$ VT#$O%ei%e"

9 $l$i0e$ i##l "$ -ie$#a '2$-aD $ 2a% $A"+

2$ aTO) ##$$ ec$%a T#e%i #$l le%$a$%5O5S

e5TTO!0e$* a#e S#- ,auiei$ %.3 $$#- T#-

TT$e$- Kal TT%$ae0$cn- $$ #$' eO$* $%+

%e$TOJV he el a##- #$ ea# #$' ##$e%5OV hia+

? hih%aGK$+i--. #$ 2e 7#- (-)VGei X#e, >+02%$

a##- Kal S"' Ka#aaKe#- #ei,$, '2c$ia $

TT- #,$Ga eei#$ieiD #' he (!-%$#-iJ5a#a #

'h%$J Kal #' #$-0a hG%5e#a)(e5%5G#$ Kal

1 hl0a #ei0$- VT#e'%5,ae. hi$ h#- #$ $#%a+

T5c$#a Ka''##e% ''#-#' T#%$"-aKei #c$ '2$-a-.

() T"V$- he T#%$G5:T:TaGa!-.ea- #$l T5G,'a"

eTTe#e 8le #- e ec%$$$ ##- ""$Al eAei* e5Oc$

he, el !"la +LSOel#* h"ach'a%+LGO7e$ ""$ #c$

G#%a#5O-#u- 'igL #$ ###-'$* "- SD a#$) K$%$

#-h+L (-,$$- Kal h $I3"$ #$ Tie$ aK%c#a-


49/1206

$aTT$i+5e$ #$l al#i$i*, e,$e#$ 7a$

$-J5$$2la5S T#a%aG##-GaG'a5 ##-V ""$l. Kal hDL #$'

#el0$ 'h%$- Ka#a2e%+$#$* $l #$ ""e$ #-Ga

e.K #$' hiec/'a%%5e$ #'2%.a#$* 'a%.'l*ei e


50/1206

an' i&%a#" !#eh alac#i"2 !$# c$&in "#ule. F$#

he !$#ea "ha" n$ lih" "$il a in "$#e !$# hi&

un'e# "he all $! Je#uale&* eein "ha" i" a

n$" $nl2 "he #$2al ci"2 an' "he ca%i"al $! "he h$le

na"i$n* /u" "he #en'e_$u "$ hich all !ui"ie ha'

$c3e' !#$& "he ea" $! a#. The "#en"h $! i"

'e!ence* /$"h na"u#al an' a#"i7cial* caue' hi&

e#i$u $lici"u'e an' he c$n-ec"u#e' "ha" "he %i#i"

an' 'a#in $! i" 'e!en'e# $ul'* een i"h$u"

all* #en'e# "hei# #e'uc"i$n a 'iUcul" "a3. He

acc$#'inl2 "#aine' hi $l'ie#* li3e a"hle"e* !$# "he

!#a2.

() Ti"u* $n #i'in u% "$ Gichala* a "ha" "he u#e "he

"$n &ih" eail2 /e ca##ie' /2 aaul". Bu" he i,,,/D",,,,,

3ne "ha" e#e i" "a3en /2 "$#& a ene#al &aac#e en'e#.

$! "he %$%ula"i$n /2 hi "#$$% $ul' enue he a

al#ea'2 a"ia"e' i"h lauh"e# an' %i"ie' "he &ae

'$$&e' al$n i"h "he uil"2 "$ in'ic#i&ina"e

'e"#uc"i$n he "he#e!$#e %#e!e##e' "$ in'uce "he

"$Ti "$ ca%i"ula"e. Fin'in "he #a&%a#" c#$'e'

i"h &en* &ainl2 $! "he c$##u%"e' an* he "$l'

"he& "ha" he $n'e#e' $n ha" "he2 e#e #el2in

"ha"* hen ee#2 $"he# ci"2 ha' !allen* "he2 al$ne

"$$' $u" "$ !ace "he R$&an a#&. The2 ha' een

ci"ie !a# "#$ne# "han "hei# $,,,l $e#"h#$,,,l a" "he


51/1206

7#" aaul"* /u" /ehel' in "he ecu#e en-$2&en" $!

"hei# %$ei$n all h$ ha' "#u"e' "he %le'e

%#$`e#e' /2 R$&an han' ^ han' hich he n$

JOSECH4S

T5V5V aT$i -iT-he !J5VT-G5KaKOJ TTJ ai,,aSe"a=.

; e"ai 2a% '22c$$TOV eeOe%ia I#Tiha* -0#,Ke#i

> 7eTO5 TT- i T$l 'S'#$5S i&%5$+L el 2a% $

TTe5aO#-GO#ai $2$i (-ia>%(I):TO5 ca" Se,"a"

TTia#e$-,* TTei%aaei a#$ a,eih#- #' $na* ca"

$G$ $SeTTOJ 2$-Gea'ai, T#ai"$%5e$, #'l DC$-+

%5ala- %5T-2,a#-%iaGi "$ #e+)(,$* a :T:"$l>"

iTnSe5KWVTa5 0$$" FaA"Aa"cV* $n elal a'aSec

aiC+'a-TO5.

: () 4%$ #a#a #c$ -5"c hDL%5$#iKOJV $ %5$$

$K O5TTOK%5ea+Oa5 T5V5 %5e#i-* 'AAD $iSD eV" "$

#el0$ 'a,#-a5D TT%$hiei#-TTTO 2a% aT#a #$l

#-G#%5K$* ca" (haKe #c$ ""c$ #-$a* cu T2


52/1206

T"2e #- T#%$eO$ie ii#l #' GTT$S' #- he,ai#$

9 #ia #c$ I##TTe$- el ""- ##$i. > S6 ,l$-'#-

a#$ #e '2aT#' ec7+L #' TT%$K#-uei Kal #$

aTT"TTOWTaD, #- T#ei$ei "- aaa2K'aei he

%ie#$i ##- #,%"e%a a#$ eKei#-* e,S$0a= 2'%

#-* 0a%5Gaa'ai #c%, Dl$Salc$ $%5c* ca,6 #-

c$GTTe% $##a Kcel a#$l* $#c$ Kal #$ a+

1?? nOeGOai T#e%i e5%#-VT- ''e%i#$. $3 '2$el he

$he DCc$%ia5$* c5 '%2#- -#'#c$ a#$l eG#i

#- ##- e,S$%i'S$ ##e%5$S$* e #e #$) T#a%a,aiei

a##- $, #-##$ 'Ge,el #c$ ,caGOe#c$ #'

1?1 ,la$'%5e$. (-ie%ei 9D eKe5Vc$ %5e $he%iia ,',#-

#' ##- ##e%'eGec$* #i 2'% ' #i e K#l ,$+

eGai#$ S%aG%5$ ##e$* e,$ T#e%iG#%a#$##ehe+

1? Ga#a ##a%ac7',a5 %5e2a Se Ke%S$ a#$l #'

, AM Q 2!c-a'#-c#ea+'ai. "he #e".

, 5,* c!. 5a". lu'u#a !$#eQ Tne,$7e$ "he #e"*

, aT#e"'$Ta C.


53/1206

6 P"Du 5.

SO

JEWISH WAR* IV.


54/1206

$ccu%ie' /2 "he /#ian'* hile en"#ie ha' /een

%$"e' a" "he a"e "$ %#een" ei"he# "he e0i" $! an2

an0i$u "$ &a3e "e#& $# "he a'&ii$n $! an2 $!

"he caal#2 in"$ "he "$n. I" a J$hn h$ #e%lie'*

a2in "ha" !$# hi %a#" he acLuiece' in "he %#$+

%$al an' $ul' ei"he# %e#ua'e $# c$e#ce #e!#ac"$#2

$%%$nen". Ti"u &u"* h$ee# (he ai')* in 'e+

!e#ence "$ "he Je,ih la* all$ "he& "ha" 'a2*

/ein "he een"h* $n hich "he2 e#e !$#/i''en

ali3e "$ hae #e$#" "$ a#& an' "$ c$nclu'e a "#ea"2

$! %eace. Een "he R$&an &u" /e aa#e "ha"

"he #ecu##ence $! "he een"h 'a2 /#$uh" "he&

#e%$e !#$& all la/$u# an' $ne h$ c$&%elle'

"he& "$ "#an#e "ha" la a n$ le i&%i$u "han

"h$e h$ $ ac"e' un'e# c$&%uli$n. T$ Ti"u "he

'ela2 c$ul' caue n$ in-u#2 !$# ha" %l$" c$ul' /e

lai' in a inle nih"* e0ce%" !$# ih"* an' "ha" he

c$ul' ua#' aain" /2 ca&%in #$un' "he ci"2 T$

.SI

JOSECH4S

!-5+LSe T#a%a!,--ai #c$ na#%5c$ iO. :T%e:Ti,


55/1206

Se TO) TTa%a ##%$aS$K5a el%u-#- ,a%",$0eVa #$l

1? GO-"$i0e$5 ##-%el 3$I "$ $--l$. "$l$"$l

??(I)5,TO TOV 1 5TOV * OV TOOOVTOV TT eZ?aS$

G#$0$+i$-J5e$2 $$ T#X ia#$ GOJT#-%caD eSc+

S$5Ke5 Se 2Ka#ai+-(-)>#-ai, :Ta%a0%T!,(, ""- T#$Aec$=

a$u#-* 3"I 3$I (-2# #a iTTiSa e0c$ #$'

1?< ,5$. 'e$ 9D T- e%2$ '%a #$' a$-",$#$, #$

l$-'#- :"I #$ #c$ Dle%$T$A0"#c"-2, $e'%$

#$ -l" !-5$$ TTe5aS#-a5 Ti#$ #!- GK+Li%e5 ##-

##e%Oeae$-* 'a Kal ##- TT$ec$ TT$%%c$#e%c$

1?; G#%a#$TTeSeaaa'ai %$ KSac#$"D= i0ea$2e"$ 9D

ec##" T%i$- 3c$-l"- Ka%#e%'* hi' 7la$ 'el Kal

TT$e%5$ Taial$5* e0$aa T##-'$ #e O5K#-#$%c

Kai ##- $0%>###a #!- n%$ "$ e'$ S"a,$%'

1?> (


56/1206

1?: 2eeal aaa,$- e##l ,le%$$$-J5OJV e,e2e. 0,%"

0e2 $ eDlK$$i $#ahi$a $"$ #e =, $#e,a2a2ei

2aiKOJV Kal T#aihia- $0$ 'O%c$##c% Ka#a+

(TTTe%0$-J5e$) #$" VT#e% ai!,O5$-G5a Kai #$ #-

(%$,O5* TTe%ai#e%$- Se T#%$K$i##$#$ '+nee5TT$#$ *

1?9 Kai ,eial #c$ ec$!-5e$- #-aa $$c-iV %$e"D 'u$

2a% eKaa#$ #c$ $5Kei$- e2ie#$ ##$%%c$#e%c$*

#$c#$#$ e22 e'%,ae elai #c$ TT$e%na- *

T#a%elai #e #-h#- #$ al0CDia-#5GO!J5e$ S$K$#e

, i#%eei in'$#! i"h 5a". 'ece#e /u" %eeche "en'

"$ '#i!" in"$ $#a"i$ #ec"a a" "he cl$e.

e2Ka#aeK%'#-%ai* = 'ee#"e'*= CA,5V, 5a".

JEWISH WAR* IV. 1?+1?9

"lie& "he#e $ul' /e #ea" ain in /ein %a#e' an2

"#an#ei$n $! "hei# na"i$nal cu"$&. I$#e$e#*

i" $ul' /e /ec$&in in "he #aci$u /e"$e# $! an

une0%ec"e' %eace "$ %#ee#e "he la a ell a "he


57/1206

He $! hi /ene7cia#ie. B2 uch lanuae J$hn

i&%$e' $n Ti"u !$# he a c$nce#ne' n$" $ &uch

!$# "he een"h 'a2 a !$# hi $n a!e"2* an'* !ea#in

"ha" he $ul' /e cauh" "he in"an" "he ci"2 a

"a3en* #e"e' hi h$%e $! 4!e $n 'a#3ne an'

i`h". Bu" a!"e# all i" a / "he ac" $! G$'. h$

a %#ee#in J$hn "$ /#in #uin u%$n Je#uale&*

"ha" Ti"u a n$" $nl2 inuence' /2 "hi %#e"e0"

!$# 'ela2* /u" een %i"che' hi ca&% !a#"he# !#$&

"he ci"2* a" 2'aa.= Thi i a "#$n inlan' illae

$! "he T2#ian* ala2 a" !eu' an' "#i!e i"h "he

Galilaean* hain i" la#e %$%ula"i$n an' "$u"

'e!ence a #e$u#ce /ehin' i" in i" Lua##el i"h

"he na"i$n.

(


58/1206

'i' he !anc2 hi&el! "$ hi !$e an' /eliein "ha"

"hei# ca%"$# e#e al#ea'2 u%$n "he& "he2 e#e

= C#$/a/l2 Ke'eh Na%h"ali* calle' Ke'aa $# Ka'aa in

ii.


59/1206

T#a%aKeeG-Jia ?(0l*ei ea#$ i%5,$c$TO Kai

Ka#ache2e5 e'a Kai T#e%l #c$ aTT$e5TTO7ea-

'-i$#ai DCc$%5al$ ' '%T#a2a-G5. #$ 7e

$ #$- SiaSiS%aGK$#a- """-O$ c5 ecac##$

5G,$ ,,,, V D,'0$ eGKehaGTO.

11 ($) Ti#$ Se %5e'= #-%5e%a ei#l #' GO#JKa i#%$

11 #$ #el0$ T#a%#-. '$i2ec 9 a#L- #' TTa '

S#-%5OS* Kai %,e#' #')V 2ee ##%$eO$#e, 'e+

(h#-%$ $- ee%2e##- Kai (--%$%' ee'e%$-Ga#a

11< T#) ""$l iS#-$ 2'% a0a ##- #$ Dl$-'$

(!)2#) Kai ##a%eK'$ c,e"c#aa,a" #e a#')V Kai

TTa%eO$#a #$ VTT$e5TT$%5e$ #$- e$-#e%i+

11; "*>#c$ K$'Gai. ' Se #' "$ S+L%5OV heDLGe"

e Se#e%c% Oe%,e$ %5$l%a eT#e%5ne #c/ 5TTT#e

T$-': hi$-,$Ga* $l #$ %.e $ Ka#aa%5+

,$G5* e(!'# 2'% eu Te%$G$%ia S5a(!)2a)V*

#c$ Se GaTTa%'#$- aT#$K#ei$G5 %ue el

i,aK5GiDi$* 2aia 9e Kai naiSia #%5GiDic$

11> $i2$ '##$he$#a T#e%"eaGa#e '+L2a2$. ' he

Ti#$ T-,,D,6, H+,, ,=,, D,, H+V TTO5%$+RVHDD, #i%5c$%TJ+


60/1206

GaG'ai #$ l$-'#- ##- aT#'##-* 5Ka' he

aGT$0T-Ga#" # '%5c% T#a%a%5'i$ e0c$ #'

"""-O$ #'J al0%5O+c$#a- Kai #$ h5e(!)'a%%5e$*

11: e"TT,e" #e ae(!#-%5O%ie$ el TL ##'i* Kai #$"

<

JEWISH WAR* IV. 1?9+11:

%anic+"#ic3en an' "u#ne' a" ee#2 $un' &a'e /2

"hei# c$a'e in ih"* un'e# "he i&%#ei$n "ha"

"hei# %u#ue# ha' $e#"a3en "he&. Man2 "#a2e'

$` "he "#ac3* an' $n "he hiha2 &an2 e#e c#uhe'

in "he "#ule "$ 3ee% ahea'. Ci"e$u a "he !a"e

$! "he $&en an' chil'#en* $&e &a3in /$l' "$

call /ac3 "hei# hu/an' $# #ela"ie an' i&%l$#in

"he& Di"h h#ie3 "$ ai" !$# "he&. Bu" J$hnD

$#'e# %#eaile' Q = Sae 2$u#ele*= he c#ie'* = an'

ee he#e 2$u can hae 2$u# #eene $n "he R$&an

!$# an2 le!" /ehin'* i! "he2 a#e cauh".= S$ "hi

c#$' $! !ui"ie "#ale' aa2* each %u""in $u"

"he /e" "#en"h an' %ee' he ha'.

(;) Ea#l2 ne0" 'a2 Ti"u a%%ea#e' /e!$#e "he Ti"u en"e#


61/1206

all "$ c$nclu'e "he "#ea"2. The a"e e#e $%ene' ,,=, 6 6D

"$ hi& /2 "he %e$%le* h$ ca&e $u" ,,Di"h "hei#

ie an' chil'#en an' haile' hi& a /ene!ac"$#

an' "he h/e#a"$# $! "hei# "$n !#$& /$n'a#e !$#

"he2 %#$cee'e' "$ "ell hi& $! J$hnD ih" an'

/e$uh" hi& "$ %a#e "he&* an' "$ en"e# "he "$n

an' %unih "he inu#en" h$ #e&aine'. Ti"u*

#ea#'in "he ci"i_enD %e"i"i$n a $! ec$n'a#2

i&%$#"ance* a" $nce 'i%a"che' a Lua'#$n $! caal#2

in %u#ui" $! J$hn. Thee !aile' "$ $e#"a3e hi&*

"he !ui"ie &a3in $$' hi eca%e "$ Je#uale&*

/u" $! hi c$&%ani$n in ih" "he2 3ille' $&e i0

"h$uan' an' #$un'e' u% an' /#$uh" /ac3 nea#l2

"h#ee "h$uan' $&en an' chil'#en. Ti"u a

&$#"i7e' a" !aihn "$ Dii" J$hnD "#ic3e#2 ,Di"h

in"an" cha"ie&en"* /u"* i"h "hi h$" $! %#i$ne#

an' "he lain a a uUcien" $lace "$ hi 'ia%%$in"e'

#een"&en"* he n$ en"e#e' "he ci"2 a&i'" ene#al

6 iee Q i#%$X0e'>Te &.

VO5. Ill B ;

JOSECH4S


62/1206

c##%a#i$-Ta5 $c2$ #$' #5)(OVS T#a%auT#aaai 3+

eaa $--l$) Ka#a#-i%e$-2 a##eiai -ia$ #-

K$aaei #$ #a%'##G$#a ##- ""$l ae$#eeD

119 TT$$ 2a% ' Kal 9"a #' $iKela %55G+L Kal S"a+

c7$%' Ihla Ihei,#0aOai #$ aain$,* el h"a+

K%i$5 T$ T"0a-%"a= ',i$D '%.ei$ S elai

%.TO-%$ e (-ia--$- "$ a"#"$ KaTO+iT#el #- #ia

WJ #$ $K ',i$- a#$- $aTT$el #' %5e 2a% lc-c$

Ka, (-$-#$- %.%l$ $%5i$, (JiiS%$iaae$i #'

1 e,5$Be c#u0c,$%a= ':TV'$#$ . #$n Se #' %5


63/1206

'a'%5a >e%%.' e#" K?:T#>%*$ eh#-$ ##- 'a2K+L*

+La"$e$#$ Be Ka KaK$l* $ ::>Xe5D2eVa"

DC$-%5al$ (!'$KO#eS) a #,Kei ##$e%+#-a$#e

1 a#$X i, '$(!)a$D a$2la#c$ 2'% elac ca"

'0%DT-G#a- i#a%a,$a- T#%$K5heei T#e%l Tlc#0aa

Kal TT$i0,OiS 'aOeel* he$ #' OT#a Kal #a=

'X0a #a%55eea'ai #!- %.+L#%$TT$ei* Kal (JV%5(!)'G+

1< (le5V. e'a S") ##a%e'DL$ ##- '$-ai #c$

TiG,'a-* Kal ##- e2$%,e+L ea0D#]%.>a ""$+

, Be33e# Q Kai &. , C Q $&. "he #e".

>

JEWISH WAR. IV. 11:+1<

accla&a"i$n an'. a!"e# 'i#ec"in hi "#$$% "$ %ull

'$n a &all %$#"i$n $! "he all in "$3en $! ca%"u#e*

he %#$cee'e' "$ #e%#e "he 'i"u#/e# $! "he ci"2D

%eace #a"he# /2 "h#ea" "han /2 %unih&en". F$#

lie !ea#e' "ha"* h$ul' he a""e&%" "$ %ic3 $u" "he

$`en'e# h$ 'ee#e' cha"ie&en"* &an2 !#$&


64/1206

%#ia"e ani&$i"2 an' %e#$nal Lua##el $ul' accue

"he uil"le* an' he "h$uh" i" /e""e# "$ leae "he

uil"2 in u%ene an' ala#& "han "$ in$le an2

inn$cen" %e#$n in "hei# 'e"#uc"i$n ince "he

inne# &ih" %e#ha% lea#n i'$& "h#$uh !ea# $!

%unih&en" an' #e%ec" !$# "he %a#'$n #an"e' hi&

!$# %a" $`ence* he#ea "he 'ea"h %enal"2 un-u"l2

inic"e' a i##e&e'ia/le. He ecu#e' "he "$n*

h$ee#* /2 a a##i$n* calcula"e' "$ chec3 "he #e/el

an' "$ ie c$n7'ence "$ "he %eacea/le ci"i_en $n

hi 'e%a#"u#e. Galilee a "hu n$ h$ll2 u/'ue'* +,i Galilee

a!"e# a`$#'in "he R$&an a "#enu$u "#ainin !$#

"he i&%en'in Je#uale& ca&%ain.

(iii. 1) When J$hn en"e#e' "he ca%i"al* "he h$le Je#uale& Q

%$%ula"i$n %$u#e' !$#"h an' each $! "he !ui"ie -$hn $!

a u##$un'e' /2 a a" c#$'* eae#l2 a3in Gichaia.

ha" ha' /e!allen $u"i'e. The nec$&e#* "h$uh

"hei# /#ea"h* "ill h$" an' a%in* /e"#a2e' "hei#

#ecen" "#e* nee#"hele /lu"e#e' un'e# "hei#

&i!$#"une* 'ecla#in "ha" "he2 ha' n$" e' !#$&

"he R$&an* /u" ha' c$&e "$ 7h" "he& $n a!e

#$un'. = I" $ul' hae /een "u%i' an' uele*=

"he2 ai'* =#ec3lel2 "$ #i3 $u# lie !$# Gichala

an' uch 'e!encele 4""le "$n* hen e $uh"

"$ hu/an' $u# a#& an' ene#ie !$# "he &e"#$%$H


65/1206

an' c$&/ine "$ 'e!en' i".= Then "he2 cauall2

&en"i$ne' "he !all $! Gichala an' "hei# $n

:

JOSRCHITS

1; ,CV,,, aT$J $l ::$AA$" h%aa2i$ ie$$. "$

2ieTOi #a T#e%c #$ ai0i0ac$#ia'eTa DLK$aO#,*

(-20c#" $ 0e#%ia Ka#ia0, "$ S#-!-5O* Kal

le2'a ##- iaTJ 'caec$ $e$2i",$#$ #'

1> TK%+L%ia. l$-a+LL 9D iiTi !0e #$i Ka#ae"+

(!)>l(:5, +L##$ #-%O%ia* T#e%ua- SD eKaa#$ ii#l "$

:T$i$% i#-2e #al e##iu5* #' %ue DCcu0a"cu

aa'e#- Ka#a$Ke'"$- * ""- SD $lKcia ha%5i

1: i,a"%$* Kal KaT5%c$>iV? ##- #c$ aT#ei%a-

a2$ca* ch $S ' T##e%' a!,$#e ##e%,ae

TT$#e Ca-7al$5 "$ Dle%$a$!J5O- Tel,$ $l ne%l

TO5S Taia5OJV Kc$%/ai KaKOT#aO$Te Kal ##%$

TO5 K5 TE5,G5 KaTaT%5l%aVTS TO+S= !J5#-O+'


66/1206

19 () T$uTO" TO TT$ !J5e T i,e$- T#%$c#SiD

')5%#O Kal TT%OS, TOV TT$e!JiOV #-%TO2 TOV Se

aa-(!)%$$TOJV Kal 2L%ai $3 "- $$"l $ #a

lie$Ta T#%$$%$-iiV$ c$ #-,2 ""- T#$ec$

1 O50$J5eL eT#iOei. > 7e $ /#-0$ #- i TOiaT#-

G20ae5* ##%$/ieGT#- Ze "$ ca#' ""- 0,C,,D

1? T##-'$ T#- Dle%$a$!J5O5 GTaaea-. > !0e 2'%

Ti#$ ?.::? TiG0'$- e"V Ka"a'%eca* OeGT#a+

Gia$ Z> ?*::? Ka"c#$%e"aD c" 6I'%iV5a Kal

=A,c$#$ ',5KO-ie$ na%5GTaTai #e $u#', Kal

X!%$%$ i2KaTaGTT-Ga VT#e$T%ei!e* ""$ """-O$,

:#a2$!$ "$- ii#l he,5O. T#%$GKe0$-%#-KOT$.

11 K5V5T$ 9D i eKaGTT) TT$e5 Ta%a0DT- Kal TT$e-O,

e%.(i)5OS2 OGO T '##$ DCc$%5a5c$ 'e##e$ e"

, A,5, 5a". Q Ka#a"-c%Oeiai "he #e".

, P !-,e M. D Q ai!#ai "he #e".

= Z 1?* 'ec#i/in "he &$e&en" $! Ti"u an' Ve%aian*

c$&e in #a"he# a3a#'l2* /#ea3in "he cl$e c$nne0i$n

/e"een ZZ 1 an' 11.


67/1206

9

JEWISH WAR* IV. 1;+11

= #e"#ea"*= a "he2 'ecen"l2 calle' i"* "h$uh &$"

$! "hei# hea#e# un'e#"$$' "he& "$ &ean ih".

When* h$ee#* "he "$#2 $! "he %#i$ne# ca&e $u"*

%#$!$un' c$n"e#na"i$n "$$3 %$ei$n $! "he %e$%le*

h$ '#e "he#e!#$& %lain in'ica"i$n $! "hei# $n

i&%en'in ca%"u#e. Bu" J$hn* H""le a/ahe' a" J$hn a

"he 'ee#"i$n $! hi !#ien'* en" #$un' "he ee#al ,a#+i5#"2 in

#$u%* in"ia"in "he& "$ a# /2 "he h$%e he JD,niaie&.

#aie'* &a3in $u" "he R$&an "$ /e ea3* e0"$llin

"hei# $n %$e#* an' #i'iculin "he in$#ance $! "he

ine0%e#ience' een ha' "he2 ,in* he #e&a#3e'*

"he R$&an $ul' nee# u#&$un" "he all $!

Je#uale&* a!"e# hain !$un' uch 'iUcul"2 i"h

"he illae $! Galilee an' $#n $u" "hei# enine

aain" "hei# all.

() B2 "hee ha#anue &$" $! "he 2$u"h e#e

e'uce' in"$ hi e#ice an' inci"e' "$ a# /u" $!

"he $/e# an' el'e# &en "he#e a n$" $ne h$ 'i'


68/1206

n$" !$#eee "he !u"u#e an' &$u#n !$# "he ci"2 a i!

i" ha' al#ea'2 &e" i" '$$&. Such a "he c$n!ui$n

%#eailin a&$n "he ci"i_en* /u" een /e!$#e e'i"i$n

e'i"i$n a%%ea#e' in Je#uale&* %a#"2 "#i!e ha' ,#i!e,-2

/#$3en $u" in "he c$un"#2. F$# hen Ti"u &$e' Ju'aea*

!#$& Gichala "$ aea#ea* Ve%aian %#$cee'e'

!#$& aea#ea "$ Ja&nia an' A_$"u* an'* hain

#e'uce' "h$e "$,,TlS an' a##i$ne' "he&* #e"u#ne'

i"h* a la#e &ul"i"u'e h$ ha' u##en'e#e' un'e#

"#ea"2 .D, Ee#2 ci"2 , a n$ ai"a"e' /2 "u&ul"

an' ciil a#* an' "he &$&en" "he2 ha' a #e%i"e

!#$& "he R$&an "he2 "u#ne' "hei# han' aain"

= In "hi %ic"u#e $! "he e`ec" $! e'i"i$n "he hi"$#ian

%#$/a/l2 ha in &in'* a elehe#e* "he !a&$u #eec"i$n

$! Thuc2'i'e (iii. 91+9


69/1206

1 e"%#-#- e%" ,Ae:#. Kal T#%ch#$ !0e I $iV"a"

D#:TTT? TOW OOVOOVVTOJV TTO+a5 TO (!)i>e5KOV *

e##e"Ta ach+L5a$Te '#i$- $l (-)i#aT$i, Kal

$5O- Kaa#$ T#%$ #$ #a a#a n%$ai%$+

1 %ii$ #-h# Ka#a """-O$ aTe#'$u$#$ . ca"

G#'cn -J+e #- T#a#a0$* #$ ea-#e%i5,$ he Kal #

$""$- iTTi'-5$ i:TK%aTe(* e$##-T5 Kal #$%5-

1< 2L%a5OJV ca" GO-(!)%>a-. e#%'##$T$ Se T#%'-#$

lie 5S a%##a2' eKau#$i "$- :n)(a-%iOJV2 eTT"#a

a#ac#c#$%e$5 Ka#a $,$ >::" #)OT5a "$-

Ka#a ""- 0,C,, ,S= !J5$#+L#$ Kal TTa%a$-iia

eK aT$i %5T-Se DCa)iJ5a5O- #$ $%i$c,$

hia(!e%e5V Kal ""$ #$" TT$%S$-ie$5S K$X!)$+

#'%a h$Kei ##- ""$ Cc$-ial$5 '$-$i.

1; () O" (!)%$%$5 he #$ TT$ec$ #' 7e $3$- "$

KaKOTTaOelV- #' he 0"c#e" "$ eO$* $he #- 75K%a

T#%$c-#-7$ #$"D cac$u0eV$"* C+,CDD K$%c$ "$-

Ka#a ""- 0$-%a '%T#a2$ a'%$c$'eTe $l "$-

TTaTa0$ c#u#a20a#a-# '%0i+#-GTal Kal 2e$7e$5

TTO+L%ia $#T5c-i$ el #a Dle%$$$J5a T#a%eic#+


70/1206

1> (!'e5%$Ta5* ""$l 'cFT%aTT,2#-T$ Kal T#aT%c$) 7e

eOei ##' '^a%aTT-%#-TOJS he0$%ie#- "$ >%>(-)$*

T$#e ' $l$iie$- '##'TOJ #$ e&0e$%ie$,

1: i#'Ta ci""D e$la #-Kei G%.%*'0$. $ h# Kai

hi0$. TTJ GT'$e$- $Te%$ e,'TTTiae ""- ""$l

T#i-Oec 2a% '0%DLGTO- Kal '%2$) TT%$e,aa'"'#-

#a #$"D 7a0,u$5S hia%Kel h'-0ea* ca" T#%$=

, P a$i M. Q e0%une' in A.

6 ,:#e"(#0e$*"edD$i M (i&ila# a#ian" in Z ?:).


71/1206

#eine' ee#2he#e Q an' "he #e$lu"i$na#2 an'

&ili"an" %a#"2 $e#%$e#e' /2 "hei# 2$u"h an' #ec3+

lene "he $l' an' %#u'en". The a#i$u cliLue

/ean /2 %illain "hei# neih/$u#* "hen /an'in

"$e"he# in c$&%anie "he2 ca##ie' "hei# 'e%#e'a+

"i$n "h#$uh$u" "he c$un"#2 in$&uch "ha" in

c#uel"2 an' lalene "he u`e#e# !$un' n$ 'i`e#+

ence /e"een c$&%a"#i$" an' R$&an* in'ee' "$

/e ca%"u#e' /2 "he la""e# ee&e' "$ "he un!$#"una"e

ic"i& !a# "he hh"e# !a"e.

() The a##i$n $! "he "$n* %a#"l2 !#$& i##u%"i$n

#eluc"ance "$ "a3e #i3* %a#"l2 !#$& "hei# ha"#e' /#ian'

$! "he na"i$n* a`$#'e' li""le $# n$ %#$"ec"i$n "$ (eal$")

"he 'i"#ee'. In "he en'* a"ia"e' i"h "hei# Je#uale&.

%illae $! "he c$un"#2* "he /#ian' chie! $! all

"hee ca""e#e' /an' -$ine' !$#ce an'* n$ &e#e'

in"$ $ne %ac3 $! illain2* "$le in"$ %$$# Je#uale& ^

a ci"2 un'e# n$ c$&&an'in $Uce# an' $ne hich*

acc$#'in "$ he#e'i"a#2 cu"$&* unua#'e'l2

a'&i""e' all $! Jeih /l$$'* an' "he &$#e #ea'il2

a" "ha" &$&en" hen i" a unie#all2 /eliee'

"ha" all h$ e#e %$u#in in"$ i" ca&e $u" $! $$'+

ill a i" allie. Ye" i" a -u" "hi ci#cu&"ance

hich* i##e%ec"iel2 $! "he e'i"i$n* een"uall2

Tec3e' "he ci"2 !$# u%%4e hich &ih" hae


72/1206

uUce' !$# "he c$&/a"an" e#e Luan'e#e' u%$n

a uele an' i'le &$/* h$ /#$uh" u%$n "he&ele*


73/1206

A+iL$ia n' #c$ eTTiG#-%iOJV Kal H'' l$

A%e2e#$ *D ,aaiiK$ SD "- Kal #$#$ #$ 2e$*

T#%$ Se #$ Ka#a ##- $-%a ##%$0ei S$K$#a.

1$ n%$0,iD%$#a#$D

, # #ea' a$%ai.

6 CA* c!. D 2eT$ 5* Rae"i 5a". Q Ca:(Ce:+)c>$iD* Ca:$uT:$iD

"he #e".


74/1206

66 He* i"h "$ $"he# #ela"ie $! A#i%%a II* Saul an'

$"$/a#* ha' $uh" "h#$uh "he 3inD inuence "$ ni%


75/1206

a!"e# hi& 5eia* $ne $! "he n$/le* an' S2%ha*

$n $! A#ee"e ^ /$"h al$ $! #$2al /l$$' ^ /ei'e

$"he# %e#$n $! hih #e%u"a"i$n "h#$uh$u" "lie

c$un"#2. i#e %anic n$ ei_e' "he %e$%le* an' a

i! "he ci"2 ha' /een ca%"u#e' /2 "he ene&2 n$ne

che#ihe' an2 "h$uh" /u" "ha" $! hi %e#$nal

ecu#i"2.

(;) The /#ian'* h$ee#* e#e n$" a"i7e' &"h

hain %u" "hei# ca%"ie in i#$n* an' c$ni'e#e' i"

una!e "hu "$ 3ee% !$# l$n in cu"$'2 inuen"ial

%e#$n* i"h nu&e#$u !a&ilie Lui"e ca%a/le $!

aenin "he& "he2 !ea#e'* &$#e$e#* "ha" "he

%e$%le &ih" /e &$e' /2 "hei# $u"#ae$u ac"i$n

"$ #ie aain" "he&. The2 acc$#'inl2 'eci'e' "$

3ill "hei# +ic"i& an' c$&&ii$ne' !$# "hi %u#%$e

"he &$" han'2 aain a&$n "he&* $ne J$hn*

"he Jeih #e$l" in "he /u' (ii.


76/1206

A$%K7S$ $T$ Kae"#$ ""$I Ka#a ##- >:#"),$-%"$

2$-GGa $- SeVa c#eO$#e e" ""+- e"%K##-

,5ch+L%ec '##$ach'##$u5V #$ GVe5DL%.iiV$X ]

1 TTa%a$-iT-iia#5 9D eV, #+LiK$#$- 7,2'$- i##ei%e+

B$#$, Kal ^%$c/aG5iD6+ hia+)(S#-V$.i 2a% aTOV

Ca-7a5O5 TT%l ^a%ah$Ge$- "$- Dle%$u$-i$-*

Kai TT%$h$#a '#,%#-Keai ##! KO5#- ieOe%ia

(,aGK$* Ka'$$ "D iTTT-al$e$T$ #$l "$-i"-+

7aa" $- eT-e%2e#ai Kal a$-T#-%X ""-, TT$e$-

2e2eT---ie$5.

1) ,e!S#- Ze e" #$a$#$ #$ %.e '#-%5O

TaTTe5$##-T$ Kal Se$5DS=* Kl$ ZD '##$$ia

TT%$e'el* OJS eV a#$l elai Kal #a= )(e"%$T$2iaZ+

1


77/1206

T$ eV #eAei TTO5Kia5 eT#i$5ai Kal A$2$TTO""a"=*

Kai%$ eaT$l i #a" ##%$ ')X#-$ "$- 3$-$+

T$- Si$e"K5ai T#$i$%5e$5* %+e0%i, "$- el 'O%$-+

TTOV ^e%e7^#G'eTe 'hiK#-%'TOJ e##l "$ 'el$

7eTT,e2Ka "", ,%i Kal %5e!JuaG%5e$i "$l ""$l

TTa%#-eGa el "$ '2i$.

,;, (T) ,K^a5GTa7e$ #e aT$l 2-h#- "$ T#iL'$*

, 7%2ue$" 5 E0c. an' ina#+in $! CA,I.

, !TT" A,D Q iee (e'. #ain.) $&i".

, in'$#!Q a.T#e-/$T$ &.

6 :#%$(%'c#e5S 'ea#TOC CAM.

[ i.e. = Ga_elle*= in A#a&aic Ba# Ta/i"ha (c. Ac" i0. >) Q

$#ca a ue' al$ /2 G#ee3 a a $&anD na&e ( We""ein ).


78/1206

3n$n in "hei# na"ie "$nue a $n $! $#ca 66 Q

he i"h "en $"he# en"e#e' "he a$l i"h '#an

$#' an' /u"che#e' "he %#i$ne#. F$# uch a

&$n"#$u c#i&e "he2 inen"e' a &$n"#$u an

e0cue* 'ecla#in "ha" "hei# 'c"i& ha' c$n!e##e'

i"h "he R$&an c$nce#nin "he u##en'e# $! Je#u+

ale& an' ha' /een lain a "#ai"$# "$ "he li/e#"2

$! "he "a"e. In h$#"* "he2 /$a"e' $! "hei# au'aci$u

ac" a "h$uh "he2 ha' /een "he /ene!ac"$# an'

ai$u# $! "he ci"2.

(>) In "he en'* "$ uch a/-ec" %#$"#a"i$n an'

"e##$# e#e "he %e$%le #e'uce' an' "$ uch heih"

$! &a'ne #$e "hee /#ian'* "ha" "he2 ac"uall2

"$$3 u%$n "he&ele "he elec"i$n "$ "he hih %#ie"+

h$$'. A/#$a"in "he clai& $! "h$e !a&ilie !#$&

hich in "u#n "he hih %#ie" ha' ala2 /een

'#a,Tl*, "he2 a%%$in"e' "$ "ha" $Uce in$/le an'

l$ /$#n in'iDi'ual* in $#'e# "$ ain acc$&%lice in

"hei# i&%i$u c#i&e !$# %e#$n h$ ha' un'e+

e#e'l2 a""aine' "$ "he hihe" 'ini"2 e#e /$un'

"$ $/e2 "h$e h$ ha' c$n!e##e' i". M$#e$e#* /2

a#i$u 'e ice an' li/ell$u "a"e&en"* "he2 /#$uh"

"he $Ucial au"h$#i"ie in"$ c$llii$n i"h each $"he#*

7n'in "hei# $n $%%$#"uni"2 in "he /ic3e#in $!

"h$e h$ h$ul' hae 3e%" "he& in chec3 un"il*


79/1206

lu""e' i"h "he ,,T$n hich "he2 ha' '$ne "$

&en* "he2 "#an!e##e' "hei# in$lence "$ "he ei"2

an' i"h %$llu"e' !ee" ina'e' "he anc"ua#2.

(:) An inu##ec"i$n $! "he %$%ulace a a" len"h

6 F$# "hi li&i"a"i$n $! "he hih %#ie"h$$' "$ a !e

%#iilee' !a&ihe ee Schii#e#. O.J.V. (e'. ) ii. . The

c$n"en" $! "hi ec"i$n a#e %a#"l2 #e%ea"e' in "ha" hich

!$ll$ a 'u%lica"i$n %e#ha% in'ica"in i&%e#!ec" e'i"$#ial

#eii$n.

2e%ai#a#$Q, "$- a%,ie%e$ Ka$,*

'T-% $$-,(!)2V* $i

Se T$ c/ T$ 'e$ ,%$%5OV a#$l Kai #$

a::? TOV S#-iJ5O Ta%a+)(?) ##$i$#ai Ka#a,i2#- *

1; KOI T%ae$ "- a#$l "$ '2"$. T#a%eKi%ia#$

Se #$5 Se"$"= ei%$-eia* "$ " ee%2$-J5e$-


80/1206

1; '2ei$#e%$ '##$##ei%a-%ie$i 2a% ##- #$ S+L7$

Ka#aT##-,e$- ca" TDL a#$- S$K5!-5'l*$# l$+,2

3"-%$-"$ :T5%#Ga :T?55V T$ a%,,"e%e"

$GT-* OJS= (!)aiJi* Ka#a 2e$ a#c$ ##- S"aS$0#-SD

1;< T- Se TT%$GVH+, 1,,, D,V, :T5,$#-, e'$ '%0$l$*

eTTeih#- ca" T#'a" K#-%$-#: e()aTa e"a" ##-

'%0(D,%$-GiDDL* TO 96 '#-'e #$ ,e,ai$#e%$,

Ka#'Gi Kal #e0,DT- T#%$ BaG#eia #' a%0$+S

S" a#$- Ka'i$#a7e$5.

1;; (9) Ka" h# !-5e#aTTe%u%'iJ5e$5 7ia #c$ '%0+

le%a#5K$ ,"-* ,,V5a0!, caAe"#a"* hieK#-%$

'%2,ie%ia* a20'ei 9D 'i#$ #0DD, $ 7'iG#a

Sca/e5,a a#$- ##- ##a%a$75a* OaF" n $$!0a*

l$ Y.a--i$#-$ Kc7# A')ia* a#-% $ %5OV$

$K e! '%0i+,%,$-V2 aAAD $uSD e&$#'%5e$ Gac!0--

1;> #" TT$# #- '%0!+,%$JGL hi a2%$iKia. aT#$ 2$

##- 0,D,C,, a#$iD aK$#a G%a#e $-OT#e% e""l

GKT-i- '$#%l$) Ka#eKOG%5OVV TT%OGOJ:T5O)* TT-V

, 2e %ai# e%$ CAM.

6 iee Q eT#i-i$#- ai.


81/1206

, 5, Q P $7$ "he #e".

= F$# hi &u#'e# an' an enc$&iu& $n hi cha#ac"e# ee

ZZ S1>++;. 6 O# = /2 !a&ilie = ee Z 1

%en'in* in"ia"e' /2 Ananu. "he eni$# $! "he inu##ec"i$n

chie! %#ie"* a &an $! %#$!$un' ani"2* h$ &ih" _eal$"

%$i/l2 hae ae' "he ci"2* ha' he eca%e' "he ,,a'e' /2

c$n%i#a"$#D han'.= A" "hi "h#ea" "hee #e"che

c$ne#"e' "he "e&%le $! G$' in"$ "hei# !$#"#e an' The eal$"

#e!ue !#$& an2 $u"/#ea3 $! %$%ula# i$lence* an' "e&%le ,,,

&a'e "he H$l2 Clace "he hea'Lua#"e# $! "hei#

"2#ann2. T$ "hee h$##$# a a''e' a %ice $! an' elec"

&$c3e#2 &$#e allin "han "hei# ac"i$n. F$#* "$ /2Di$".,=6,,6

"e" "he a/-ec" u/&ii$n $! "he %$%ulace an' &a3e

"#ial $! "hei# $n "#en"h* "he2 ea2e' "$ a%%$in"

"he hih %#ie" /2 l$"* al"h$uh* a e hae "a"e'*


82/1206

"he uccei$n a he#e'i"a#2., A %#e"e0" !$# "hi

che&e "he2 a''uce' ancien" cu"$&* ae#"in "ha"

in $l' 'a2 "he hih %#ie"h$$' ha' /een 'e"e#&ine'

/2 l$" /u" in #eali"2 "hei# ac"i$n a "he a/#$a"i$n

$! e"a/lihe' %#ac"ice an' a "#ic3 "$ &a3e "he&+

ele u%#e&e /2 e""in "hee a%%$in"&en" in"$

"hei# $n han'.

(9) The2 acc$#'inl2 u&&$ne' $ne $! "he hih+

%#ie"l2 clan*6D calle' Eniachin* an' ca" l$" !$# a

hih %#ie". B2 chance "he l$" !ell "$ $ne h$ %#$e'

a inal illu"#a"i$n $! "hei# 'e%#ai"2 he a an

in'ii'ual na&e' Channi* $n $! Sa&uel* $! "he

illae $! A%h"hia*6, a &an h$ n$" $nl2 a n$"

'ecen'e' !#$& hih %#ie"* /u" a uch a cI$"i

"ha" he ca#cel2 3ne ha" "he hih %#ie"h$$'

&ean". A" an2 #a"e "he2 '#ae' "hei# #eluc"an"

ic"i& $u" $! "he c$un"#2 an'* '#ein hi& u% !$#

hi au&e' %a#"* a $n "he "ae* %u" "he ac#e'

7#" $! "he "en"2+!$u# %#ie"l2 c$u#e* an' "$ "he &$"

e&inen" $! i" c$n"i"uen" clan* Vi"a . The clan Eniachin

i &en"i$ne' he#e $nl2 Q "he ue"i$n $! 5$"h "$ #ea'

") Dlacii !$# Ec'0D+iD 8DEuiaKelui)* c$&%a#in 1 h#$n. 00i. 1

("he c$u#e Ja3i&)* i uncalle' !$#. X6 Si"e un3n$n.


83/1206


84/1206

V5$ I#-G$ A'$ Ze =Aa$* ##$' "$%

$#-%$% 5 c$Beia KaTOeihi$Te i #a" c#u$S$"=

1>1 eiTiL2ei%$ #$" ",iL$-TalD "$"$ 2a% aT$

eKaec#a c5 e+##6 '2a'$ ii#iTDLhe%aGi * '

$0,, ,#-$-c#aTe "$. KaKiGTa "c$ e%2c$ ca"=,

VT#e%,a$7e$5 .

1> (lO) Ka" h+L ae'$T$ "$ """-O$ el

eKK#-O5a Kal T#aT$ '2aaKTOTc$ %3 i##i

TTJ KaTa#,i%e5 "c$ '2i$- #a"D Te '%##a2al Kal

#$"D :T(!)OVVVO5 * OVTTO) Z TT%O TT-V '%VVaV

$-%%#-!-5ea- "$) >:"l)(l%"J"$* OT#e% +L* "$

,#-a-+' VTT$a%i,'ei * ca#aa#'D eV 0ea$"D '

, 'W $0i 5 5a". Q >.3$ "he #e". , $&. CA 5a".

D, C#$/a/l2 "he J$e%h* $n $! G$#i$n* h$* al$n i"h

Ananu* a ien u%#e&e c$n"#$l in Je#uale& a" "he $u"+

/#ea3 $! a#* ii. ;> "he 2$une# G$#i$n he#e &en"i$ne'

/ea# hi #an'!a"he#D na&e.


85/1206

JEWISH WAR* IV. 1;(+1>

e"&en" u%$n hi& an' in"#uc"e' hi& h$ "$ ac"

in 3ee%in i"h "he $ccai$n. T$ "he& "hi &$n+

"#$u i&%ie"2 a a u/-ec" !$# -e"in an' %$#"*

/u" "he $"lie# %#ie"* /eh$l'in !#$& a 'i"ance "hi

&$c3e#2 $! "hei# la* c$ul' n$" #e"#ain "hei# "ea#

an' /e&$ane' "he 'e$,#a'a"i$n $! "he ac#e' h$n$u#.

() Thi la"e" $u"#ae a &$#e "han "he %e$%le C$%ula#

c$ul' "an'* an' a i! !$# "he $e#"h#$ $! a 'e%$"i& l+$ae', D

$ne an' all e#e n$ #$ue'. F$# "hei# lea'e# $!

$u""an'in #e%u"a"i$n* uch a G$#i$n.$n $! J$e%h*66

an' S2&e$n*, $n $! Ga&ahel* /2 %u/lic a''#ee

"$ "he h$le ae&/l2 an' /2 %#ia"e ii" "$ in+

'ii'ual* u#e' "he& "$ 'ela2 n$ l$ne# "$ %unih

"hee #ec3e# $! li/e#"2 an' %u#e "he anc"ua#2 $!

i" /l$$'"aine' %$llu"e#. Thei# e`$#" e#e u%+

%$#"e' /2 "he &$" e&inen" $! "he hih %#ie"*

Jeu*, $n $! Ga&ala* an' Ananu* $n $! Ananu*

h$ a" "hei# &ee"in ehe&en"l2 u%/#ai'e' "he

%e$%le !$# "hei# a%a"h2 an' inci"e' "he& aain" "he


86/1206

eal$" !$# $ "hee &ic#ean" calle' "he&ele*

a "h$uh "he2 e#e _eal$u in "he caue $! i#"ue

an' n$" !$# ice in i" /ae" an' &$" e0"#aaan"

!$#&.

(1?) An' n$* "he %$%ulace /ein c$nene' "$ a Gene#al

ene#al ae&/l2* hen in'ina"i$n a unie#all2 ,,,,eech

e0%#ee' a" "he $ccu%a"i$n $! "he anc"ua#2* a" "he $! Ananu.

#ai' an' &u#'e#* /u" n$ a""e&%" a" #ei"ance ha'

2e" /een &a'e* $in "$ a /ehe!* n$" un!$un'e'*

"ha" "he eal$" $ul' %#$e 'iUcul" "$ 'il$'e*

6d C#$/a/l2 i'en"ical i"h Si&$n* $n $! Ga&aliel* $! h$&*

n$"i"h"an'in hi $%%$i"i$n "$ J$c%hu* "he hi"$#ian*

#i"e in "he hihe" "e#& in Vi"a 1? I!.

= Be!#ien'e' J$e%hu* Vi"a 1* ?1 !$# hi 'ea"h an'

"he hi"$#ianD enc$&iu& u%$n hi& ee ZZ 1> `.


87/1206

-$%Q%hu

Aa$, Kal ##$aK5 el #$ a$ aTnhc$ i&+

1> nD-Ga #e #$ $c%'a7$ haK%$- = #- Ka$

2 *= el##e* = #- i7$l #e''a" T#%l eTTihel #$

O5KO #$' Oe$ TOc#$TOi '2eau Ka#a2e-i$Ta ca"

#'= ','#$X Kal '2ia )(%a ""$l 75auc7$a-

l"< $#e$+0c$%$7ea . aAAa :Te%5K5%5$ ##- '%)(5%a+

T5KT- eaO#-#a Kai "$ #"0"c$#a#$ Ka$7e$ #cJ$i

G,aa%.5OJ $$%5'#cV* ,c Kal (-ic$i!-0!,* %+DT-h

VTTe% #$%.$ 2#-%$- VT#$%,ia- eKe#- ''a#$

Je" Se SeV -l$$ el%55, Kal KaO'i#e% i i%#-%55O. ##-iD

e7a#$ i--0#i i&h$-GOJ %i$#- ##e% #$ 'e$.

1>; T5 2a% Kal Sel *#- eV S#20cu G%.(!)$%a)V 'aia+

>#T$#5 Kal T#a%6 ?I 'i#$a-, #- "$- i ,C,,

:#a>a)V 'Ti#-i--5 '%T#a,$7e$i 2$ 'e0,$'e

Kai TVTTT$%ie$5 G5a-T#'#e* Kai #$l (!)OV$!J5VO5

1>> $D'/ i&$TV5 #i 'a(iaS>. ') ##- TT5K%'

#%alh$. #l Se %ieii(!)$i0ai "$ T%'$

!J5T- 2a% $K iT%'(!)T-Ga i,D %5cJ$ Kal #!- V7e#l%a

1>: ae,5KaK5a 7#- 2a% $, %5el TTe%uh$#e #$


88/1206

:T%$-#$ $5G#a%5e$* eV" 9 ID+-Ga $l2$5*

T#ei$ eTTO5TJaa#e #i- G5$##!- Kal Ka>$T#5l*$%.ec$

T-%e%5$#e KaO, ia#c$ iTTca#%ei%a#e #' '##a*

1>9 Se$ #' T#%$-#a a#' i&KOT##e5V $%%i'2 $#e

$ih$%iai KaO+LT##$#$ #'J e2ec/D %iel SD

a7ei-c#a#e e?D '%T#a2' T#a%$-,a#e #$ '"+

##-%u$* Kai TT$%'$%ii $I3$- $2$ #- $uSe"=

#$i2a%$ a#$ #-%-#al,$ #$ Se$TT$#a* Kal

a%$%.e$5 $i' 7ea#- ##- ##$ea- $hel :n-%.eiD.

, e"in$n (5a". nee . . Lui'e&) Q !0#-'D CAM5 Q !-5"-Ke#i.

"he #e".

, ei $e 'el c$n-. Q e" 'el u# CA Q e" O# i0#- 5 Q el ', >#i

"he #e".

;?

JEWISH WAR* IV. 1>+1>9

Ananu a#$e in "lie &i'" an'* $!"en a_in $n "he

Te&%le #iih e2e 7lle' i"h "ea#* %$3e a !$ll$ Q

= T#ul2 ell ha' i" /een !$# &e "$ hae 'ie' e#e


89/1206

I ha' een "he h$ue $! G$' la'en i"h uch a/$&+

ina"i$n an' i" una%%#$acha/le an' hall$e' %lace

c#$'e' i"h "he !ee" $! &u#'e#e# An' 2e" I

h$ ea# "he hih %#ie"D e"&en"* h$ /ea# "ha"

&$" h$n$u#e' $! ene#a"e' na&e* a& alie an'

clinin "$ li!e* in"ea' $! /#ain a 'ea"h hich

$ul' he' lu"#e $n &2 $l' ae. I! i" &u" /e

"hen* al$ne ill I $ an'* a in u""e# 'e$la"i$n*

'e$"e "hi inle li!e $! &ine in "he caue $!

G$'. Wh2* in'ee'* h$ul' I lie a&$n" a %e$%le

ineni/le "$ cala&i"ie* h$ hae l$" "he ill "$

#a%%le i"h "he "#$u/le $n "hei# han' When

%lun'e#e' 2$u u/&i"* hen /ea"en 2$u a#e ilen"*

na2 $e# "he &u#'e#e' n$ne 'a#e au'i/l2 "$ #$an

Wha" /i""e# "2#ann2 Ye* /u" h2 /la&e I "he

"-Tan" F$# hae "he2 n$" /een !$"e#e' /2 2$u

an' 2$u# !$#/ea#ance Wa i" n$" 2$u h$ /2

all$in "h$e 7#" #ec#ui" "$ c$&/ine* hen "he2

e#e 2e" /u" !e* elle' "hei# nu&/e# /2 2$u#

ilence* an' /2 2$u# inac"i$n hen "he2 e#e a#&in

'#e "h$e a#& u%$n 2$u#ele Y$u h$ul' hae

cu" h$#" "hei# $%enin a""ac3 hen "he2 e#e

aailin "he n$/le i"h a/ue in"ea'* /2 2$u#

nehence 2$u inci"e' "he &ic#ean" "$ #a%ine.

Then* hen h$ue e#e %illae'* n$" a $#' a

ai' ^ c$neLuen"l2 "he2 lai' han' $n "hei# $ne#


90/1206

a ell an' hen "hee e#e '#ae' "h#$uh "he

&i'" $! "he ci"2* n$ne #$e in "hei# 'e!ence. The2

D e"in$n i"h 5a". Q el7i &.

6 e"in$n Q (#Y2eu &.

;1

JOSECH4S

1> $l Z Kal h,G,$l !-K5GaCTO TOVS V(i V!OJV TT%O+

S$'e#a* i$- e2ei ""$$ Kal TT$SaTTOVSD 'AA

aKaTaiTi'#$i aK%i#$5 $uSe"= i,$i-O+Lae #$"D SeSe+

1:? 7e$5. #iK$$'$ T- i&hei #$ a#$ (!)?+

e$-ie$. iT#el'$-0e Kal "$"$* KaO'##e% i,

'2e#- 5,$-c$% '$2c$ iK$iie$ #$' K%an+

a#e$T$ 'e" 'u7a#$S2 $/e (!)aL "l a(!)#JK*

1:1 $0 OTT$ K5Lc: ##- Se,i'. c/e%e#e S# "$l*

(le%eTe T#a#$-iea ,e##$#e Kai #a a2 5a 0#a"

T#'#a ##$'i#e aTO5 #$l a$G5O" #$ "u-

T$!##i%A#a- ,a'7$ %5T- ,a%ec#'e ""- ##e%$0T-D,D


91/1206

Kal 2a% T#'#$- ' e##l iil"*$ T#%$K$i%a*

1: e" T5 TOW '2la- Ka#aaai -iel$ el,$. KeK%a##-+

#a" !-ie $ "$ $0%$-Ta#$ ##- T#'Aec$= e2eaO$-

2a% TO 4%$ c$ aK%a n iL (-i%$%i$ 32(OVT

SD i:TiTT5,G7#- T%aiBa #$$aTT-V Kai T$

)('%$ ##3% K$%(!)#-V -,li#$Te * #i ,$eeaOe

1: Kal T5T5 #a 2$-%ia T#%$G'aT#e#e DCa--5a"$

'%a :Te%iielTe* ", T-!K-- ,$T-'+Lc#$-O5 #$"e a2i$5

,0,5 !0e $TO- #' ##%'2iia#a TD#- ""$el* Kai ##%$

TOOOVTOV #JKO!-5 GiJ5(!)$%ii) * I, #-J+' ee#-c#a0-5

1:< Kal TT$e%55O5, $3 i,aauT+LaeaOe * $- TL-0$e+

GTaT$i* Kal ##%$ Ta ##DL2' e&GT%a'eTe , $

Ka##i "$- '#-%l$- G"l Ihel* T$ TVTTTOVTa

'iiel$Se $3 'a%5VJGecOe "$- c'ia- eKaGT$

GV!-5O$%$-* $5D'D ' T#e##$'a#e i#%$ $(-)'a%.'-

'e!J5e$5 Ta i-,' eT#, aT$ 'i-,e#e ##%$ ""-

, in. 5, 5a". Q $&. "he #e".

, Ma#3 $! in"e##$a"i$n u/"i"u"e' !$# !ull "$% in &.

= :nTeTe50"XTu,# T%ai$a. Q "he %h#ae c$&e !#$&

T%ai/$. . . . i+Tei0iX-"D 0l in "he !$u#"h Chili%%ic a""#i+

/u"e' "$ e&$"hene (1).


92/1206

;

JEWISH WAR. IV. 1>+1:<

ne0" %#$cee'e' "$ inic" "he in'ini"2 $! /$n'6 u%$n

"h$e h$& 2$u ha' /e"#a2e'. The nu&/e# an'

na"u#e $! "hee I !$#/ea# "$ "a"e* /u" "h$uh "he2 e#e

uni&%eache'* unc$n'e&ne'* n$" a &an ai"e' "he&

in "hei# /$n'ae. The na"u#al eLuel a "$ a"ch

"hee a&e &en &aac#e' "ha" %ec"acle al$ e

hae i"nee'* hen a !#$& a he#' $! 'u&/ ca""le

$ne %#i_e ,,c"i& a!"e# an$"he# a '#ae' "$ "he

lauh"e# 2e" n$" a $ice* &uch le a han'* a

#aie'. Bea# "hen* 2e /ea#* I a2* "hi !u#"he# ih"

$! "he "#a&%lin $! 2$u# anc"ua#2 an'* a!"e# 2$u#+

ele la2in each "e% $! "he la''e# !$# "he au'aci"2

$! "hee %#$!ane ,,Te"che "$ &$un"* '$ n$" #u'e

"he& "he a""ain&en" $! "he cli&a0 I In'ee' /2

n$ "he2 $ul' au#e'l2 hae %#$cee'e' "$ #ea"e#

heih"* ha' auh" #ea"e# "han "he anc"ua#2 #e+

&aine' !$# "he& "$ $e#"h#$.

= Well* "he2 hae &a"e#e' "he "#$ne" %$in" in


93/1206

"he ci"2 ^ !$# hence!$#"h "he Te&%le &u" /e %$3en

$! a a &e#e ci"a'el $# !$#"#e ^ /u" i"h uch a

"#an"D "#$nh$l' en"#enche' in 2$u# &i'"*6, i"h

"he %ec"acle $! 2$u# !$e a/$e 2$u# hea'* ha"

%lan hae 2$u* ha" !u#"he# che#ihe' h$%e c$n$le

$u# &in' Will 2$u ai" !$# "he R$&an "$

ucc$u# $u# h$l2 %lace Ha "he ci"2 c$&e "$ uch

a %a* a#e e #e'uce' "$ uch &ie#2* "ha" een

ene&ie &u" %i"2 u Will 2$u nee# #ie* &$"

l$n+u`e#in $! &en* an' "u#nin "$ &ee" "he lah*

a een "he /ea" &a2 /e een "$ "u#n* #e"alia"e $n

"h$& "ha" &i"e $u Will $u n$" call "$ &in'

each $ne $! 2$u hi %e#$nal cala&i"ie an'* h$l'in

/e!$#e 2$u# e2e all "ha" 2$u hae un'e#$ne* he"

;S

JOSECH4S

1:; '!-5a O5TT$c$e '%a na%6 -ll "$ #5!J55c$#a#$

TOW ##a'$-iD Kal XlG5KX--#a#$* ee'e%ia eTTc'%55a*

(J)l>S$$l Se Kal (,i$/eaTTOTOi 2e2'#a0e2* $-GTTc%

EK TT%$2$c$ TO VTTOTaaue$O a" T#a%aa,$Te .


94/1206

1:> 'AAD eKel$i 2e ""$$ Kal 0e2aA$u= i#e% ""-

aTOV$%55a i#$i%i$ hi#ie2Ka Kal $#e ""-

Al2TTT5$ $T TT!S M",S$- haGTela #-TT,O#-Ga

1:: VTTe% T$ %5T- TTOie TO Kee$7e$. Kal "l Se"

TO. TOW TT%$2$$- i2ei ' > ##%$ DCa+

7al$ TT$e%5O* ecu S"eAe20,,, ##$Te%$ a5Te#-

$) Kal G%5(!)$%$ : TOVaT5O * T5a SD $ e0i

1:9 :T%>(l)au5V $ ""- ee'e%la e"#a "$ ""-

?5K?%5iD# hea##$Ta %i" (7e%$Te " >%$c!)$

1: T%'$- 'e,$%5e'a KaiT$i "$ %5e "$I e,$-'e

u:TaK$5V aee2Kai "l $l e" TL '##a, #-TTT+

uaaa TV)(,#-* "$ Se "$ $l3l$l l3l TTOL%$l

IO '2e$- ec##" ca" ##%$a5%$%5ec$. eT#eih# he

'##a, i%5in-aO#- DC$-%5a5OJV* $3 '##$K%i-i%$%5a5

TT%$ %' e5TTel $ 0e#a,u "c$ $2c$ e%5T#ec#$

e##ecTT%ei%e ""- S"a$"a* $#" 3cl ac$%5e ""

eKei$iS" '##ei#i Se :: T#el%a "$ $2$* ,aAe::-T>%$

$'e T#a'el e,$%,e S #-%5a S"a#e,e"cac#" $"$l.

191 TTc/ S $ SaK%$- ',5$ eKei$- %ie e "$) le%c$

Kal 'aO#-%.aTa ,e##e5* "$) he >%$(!)a- Ta

(-Ka Gec#u#iKOTO- Kal 'e$TOJV ""- ""-


95/1206

%5T-T%$TT$e$JS e2eeia * Kal :TeX!)Oe%5e$ 'h%a

19 a- 'ne$0$TO ' KaKe$5 K%aTi-$aTe Kal

DC$-0a"$uD %5 %5T-heTTOTe i#e%,#-a5 "$ '%$ "c-

;<

JEWISH WAR* IV. 1:;+19

2$u# $ul !$# #eene u%$n "he& Hae 2$u "hen

l$" "ha" &$" h$n$u#a/le* "ha" &$" in"inc"ie* $!

%ai$n ^ "he 'ei#e !$# li/e#"2 Hae e !allen in

l$e i"h lae#2* in l$e i"h $u# &a"e#* a "h$uh

u/&ii$n e#e a he#i"ae !#$& $u# !$#e!a"he#

Na2* "he2 u"aine' &an2 a &ih"2 "#ule !$#

in'e%en'ence an' 2iel'e' nei"he# "$ E2%"ian n$#

"$ Me'ian '$&ina"i$n* in "hei# 'e"e#&ina"i$n "$

#e!ue $/e'ience "$ a c$nLue#$#D /ehe". Bu" h2

nee' I %ea3 $! "he 'ee' $! $u# !$#e!a"he# We

a#e n$ a" a# i"h R$&e I !$#/ea# "$ inLui#e

he"he# uch a# i %#$7"a/le an' e0%e'ien" $#

"he #ee#e* /u" ha" i i" %#e"e0" I i" n$"


96/1206

H/e#"2 I!* "hen* e #e!ue "$ /$ "$ "he l$#' $!

"he inha/i"e' $#l'* a#e e "$ "$le#a"e '$&e"ic

"2#an" Ye" u/e#ience "$ "he !$#eine# &ih"

/e a""#i/u"e' "$ !$#"une hain $nce !$# all %#$e'

"$$ "#$n !$# u he#ea "$ u##en'e# "$ illain

$! $neD $n c$un"#2 a#ue a /ae an' 'eli/e#a"e

e#ili"2 .

= N$ "ha" I hae &en"i$ne' "he R$&an* I ill

n$" c$nceal !#$& 2$u "he "h$uh" hich "#uc3 &e

hile I a %ea3in an' "u#ne' &2 &in' "$ "he& Q

I &ean "ha" een h$ul' e !all /enea"h "hei# a#&

^ G$' !$#/i' "ha" "h$e $#' h$ul' ee# /e $u#

l$" I ^ e can u`e# n$ #ea"e# c#uel"2 "han ha"

"hee &en hae al#ea'2 inic"e' u%$n u. I i" n$"

en$uh "$ /#in "ea# "$ "he e2e "$ ee $n "he $ne

han' in $u# Te&%le c$u#" "he e#2 $"ie $`e#in

$! "he R$&an* $n "he $"he# "he %$il $! $u# !ell$+

c$un"#2&en h$ hae %lun'e#e' an' lain "he

n$/ih"2 $! "he &e"#$%$4* &aac#in &en h$&

een "he R$&an* i! ic"$#i$u* $ul' hae %a#e'

I i" n$" la&en"a/le* "ha"* hile "he R$&an nee#

;;


97/1206

JOSECH4S

,e,#-$- ii#-/e ##a%a,#-ai n #c$ le%$- i'c$*

TTech%"Kea5 'e TT$%%a-'e $%c$#a #$ "- a2l$-

19 :T%5,>$2 2eiLBe#a, 'e #ca i #!-he #i-

,C, ,X,, T%aX!)eTa ""$ "$I #-iie#e%$i e'e$i

KO5 Dl$uSa"$_- Ka$-ie$ i%,TTe%i##a#e5V 7ia$5

T$l '2l$5* 'e%!0a, e#" #a )(e5%a e! >%.$(!)a-

19< e0$#a (!)>$- el#a n $eB$iKe "$% e,cu'e

##$e%5OV Kal #$ e G2K%iae5 ""$$- # $iKeic$

#-%u %5e#%5#e%$ Kal 2a% a, el e#%+$ 'el

#$l ##%'2%5aG5 #a XA#2c#e"= e(!)a%%5>ie(* #'0$. '

e%$5 n DC$-%ia5$ %5e #-%.l ,e,DHO-#' #cu

19; >%.$-D* TT$e%55$ Z> #$; eh$. $W $n %.e

e,$-ei $l eTT5,$$i ##- eeOe%ia* Kal ##%$

' 'eh%'Kau5 $3 ' #"= e##5$T-c#eie Sl3"- a,ia

Ka#D aTOJV* $",a" T#'#a #-Kei TTeTTe"c#%5e$

$1.K$e Kal n%$ #c$ e%.>- $2$- T#a%$-,Oai

iS> T$I= e%2$i e## a#$* a ##e^$'a#e. Ka#aT##-O+

u$#ai SD I$- $l ""$$I "$ #e """-O$ aTO- Kal

TT-V T$%,a* eT5 /e Kai ""- K "$ "$""$ T#e$e,ia.


98/1206

19: TaTa SD $-4T#e% $e$Ti hi' ""- %ieTe%a '%5e+

eia* Kal # a,#,\+LaeTai T#e$ VT#e%'e%5ea-

Kal 2'% TO """-O$ aT$l eTT5T%echeTai Ka'

T-%5e%a* TTaTOS ##$##i%$ ##%$ "$ $%i$i$ aTO+

199 %5$$TO* Kal TT-V T$A0a i,aTTTei %+e0%i O

%5T-'e e%+TT$hi$* "c$ #e "$""c$ KaOT#e%'e $Te

%T-ua5VT, ', Kal %.eT' TTa%aGKe#!S* a. T-%5el,

, na"$ 5a". Q D*i#)OeTa Niee.

6 $&. '! 5.

, Niee Q 0%,D,+D+,D, Di*.

O#* i! Tia ,eSLKu- i neu"e#* = "he li&i" $! "he unhall$e'

(%e#&i""e' ) #$un'.= The #e!e#ence i "$ "he "$ne /alu"#a'e

8$2i(%aKj$,) e%a#a"in "he inne# "e&%le !#$& "he $u"e#

c$u#"* i"h i" a#nin inc#i%"i$n in G#ee3 an' 5a"in*

;,


99/1206

JEWISH WAR* IV. 19+199

$e#"e%%e' "he li&i" 70e' !$# "he %#$!ane*D6 nee#

i$la"e' $ne $! $u# ac#e' uae* /u" /ehel' i"h

ae !#$& a!a# "he all "ha" encl$e $u# anc"ua#2*

%e#$n /$#n in "lii e#2 c$un"#2* nu#"u#e' un'e#

$u# in"i"u"i$n an' callin "he&ele Je h$ul'

!#eel2 %e#a&/ula"e $u# h$l2 %lace* i"h han' 2e"

h$" '"h "he /l$$' $! "hei# c$un"#2&en A!"e# "ha"*

can an2 "ill '#ea' "he a# i"h "he !$#eine# an'

!$e h$ /2 c$&%a#i$n a#e !a# &$#e lenien" "$ u

"han $u# $n %e$%le In'ee'* i! $ne &u" nicel 7"

"he %h#ae "$ "he !ac"* i" i "he R$&an h$ &a2 ell

/e !$un' "$ hae /een "he u%h$l'e# $! $u# la*

hile "hei# ene&ie e#e Ai"hin "he all.

66 H$ee#* $! "he a/an'$ne' cha#ac"e# $! "hee

c$n%i#a"$# aain" li/e#"2 an' "ha" i" $ul' /e

i&%$i/le "$ c$nceie an2 a'eLua"e %unih&en" !$#

ha" "he2 hae '$ne* I !eel u#e "ha" 2$u e#e all

c$nince' hen 2$u le!" 2$u# h$&e* an' "ha" /e!$#e

"hi a''#e $! &ine 2$u e#e al#ea'2 '#ien "$

e0a%e#a"i$n aain" "he& /2 "h$e &i'ee' !#$&

hich 2$u hae u`e#e'. Ce#ha%* h$ee#* &$"

$! 2$u a#e $e#ae' /2 "hei# nu&/e#* "hei# au'aci"2*


100/1206

an' "he !u#"he# a'an"ae hich "he2 'e#ie !#$&

"hei# %$i"i$n. Bu"* a "hee a#$e "h#$uh 2$u#

u%inene* $ i "he2 n$ /e inc#eae'* "he l$ne#

2$u 'ela2. In'ee'* "hei# nu&/e# a#e #$in

'ail2* a ee#2 illain 'ee#" "$ hi h3e "hei#

au'aci"2 i 7#e' /2 &ee"in $ !a# i"h n$ $/"#uc+

"i$n an' "he2 ill '$u/"le aail "he&ele $!

"hei# u%e#i$# %$i"i$n* i"h "he a''e' /ene7" $!

!$#/i''in` !$#eine# "$ %a un'e# %ain $! 'ea"h* . 1 !.

While "he $#'ina#2 R$&an c#u%ul$ul2 $/e#e' "he #ule*

(ii. 9


101/1206

GT%ei!-e5 KaT aTO "$. ,a$7ea* 3$l "$ (J(!T+

%$5 S5a(!)a%T-a$Ta5 -SeAec#" $l huae,ei. %,$$

11 >(!)a)%.e% aT$l* 3$l KaT$eTai. Ka$ hi*

KO5V T#%$a7 T5S K5h$* 'n$'#-GK,5V ##%$ "$I

4%$l TT$-ai Kal T+L i-0#-,* c" ca" %*#- ##%$

TTaih T 2aiKJV 2 ' i#3% "$ 'e$ Kai "c-

1 '2i$- T#%$ea'ai. TT%$aT+La$%,a5 SD i2u- 2a-%5T

T KO5 ,D,C,D D,,, ,DD,D ,DDTTD"V$"a T5 V% ,ll%e5 TT%OS

'$c,'eia i, #-%.c$ $" "$ GX-$%.aTO $i%ea'e

(7eih$-ie$.=

1 (ll) T$+4TO5S > =Aa$ T#a%aK%$Tei "$ n+L'$

i##l T$ l*#$-T'* $3 '2$$- 0e cu e"e "JS"-

SaKaTaTO5 ###iOei #e 3$I e$TT-Ti ca" i#a%a+

GT+Li0aT5 ,0#-* "$ ""I$ he c#ueih#-aei "$ el%+

2aa%,e$ $ 2a% ih$-aei aT$ ei e$0$+T$,

1< G22c%5+L ic!), $" eh%a$a aT#eTT5GaTa, $%5OJS

he T#' $T5O i#aOel T#%$#-%eiTO %,'$ "- T#e%uhei

1; eiD TOiaTT- #' T#%'2%.aTa G20c#,i,+ "$ he """-O$

'2ei aTOV e,$a KaO, c$2 T#a%ecciAe"* ca" n%$+


102/1206

K5hee5 eKa$TO #- TO5%5OTaTOS .

1> (1- DE $Gc% he > =Aa$ ca#eAe2e #e ca"

GVeTaGGe "$ e&T#-hec$ T#%$ %5a0DT,* $l

5#-$-Tal TTVOa$%ie$5 ""- eTTi0,5%DLGi* T#a%#JGa

2a% O5 '22e$Te, aT$lX, i#aTa #a T#a%a "$

h#-%i$* TTa%$,$Tai cac "$ ce%$ T#%$u+L$$-iDTe

'O%$$5 Te ca" ca#' A',$u $'e$ e,ei'$TO "c$

, Hu'$n i"h $ne &. Q ia0$+#+L "he #e".

;9

JEWISH WAR* IV. 19+1>

%#e%a#a"i$n* i! e ie "he& "i&e. Bu"* /eliee &e*

i! e &$un" "$ "he a""ac3* c$ncience ill hu&/le

"he& an' "he a'an"ae $! u%e#i$# heih" ill /e

neu"#ali_e' /2 #eec"i$n. Ma2/e* "he ei"2* h$&

"he2 hae $u"#ae'* ill "u#n "hei# &iile /ac3 u%$n

"he&*X6 an' "hei# $n ea%$n ill /#in 'e"#uc"i$n

u%$n "he i&%i$u Te"che. Onl2 le" u !ace "he&

an' "hei# '$$& i eale'. An'* i! "he en"u#e ha

i" a""en'an" #i3* i" e#e a n$/le en' "$ 'ie a" "he


103/1206

ac#e' %$#"al an' "$ ac#i7ce $u# lie i! n$" !$#

ie an' chil'#en* 2e" !$# G$' an' !$# "he anc"ua#2.

Bu" I ,,Dill u%%$#" 2$u /$"h i"h hea' an' han' Q

"he#e hall /e n$ lac3 $n &2 %a#" $! "h$uh" "$

enu#e 2$u# a!e"2* n$# hall 2$u ee &e %a#e &2

%e#$n.=

(11) Thu 'i' Ananu inci"e "he %$%ulace aain"

Josephus 3

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Transcript of Josephus 3