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Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Research and Technology Directorate,
Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD
Eighteenth International Conference On-Site Analysis
February 1-4, 2010 Baltimore, MD
Joseph L. Corriveau, Director Research and Technology Directorate
Research and Technology Directorate Overview
2
Research and Technology Directorate
VisionTo be the premier national resource for chemical and
biological defense.
MissionTo provide integrated science and technology solutions to address chemical and biological vulnerabilities.
3
Overview of ECBC’s Organizational Structure
Technical Director’s Office
TECHNICAL DIRECTORMr. Rick Decker
ENGINEERINGActing DirectorMr. AJ Thornton
Directorate Size: 815
PROGRAM INTEGRATIONDirector
Mr. Joe Wienand
Directorate Size: 346
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGYDirector
Dr. Joseph Corriveau
Directorate Size: 433
4
Overview of ECBC’s Organizational Structure
Technical Director’s Office
TECHNICAL DIRECTOR
ENGINEERING
Directorate Size: 815
PROGRAM INTEGRATION
Directorate Size:346
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
Directorate Size: 418
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Research and Technology Directorate Organizational Structure Overview
CB INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SYSTEMS
TOXICOLOGY, AEROSOL SCIENCE
AND OBSCURANTS
BIOSCIENCES CB PROTECTION
AND DECONTAMINA
TION
Business Management Office
CHEMICAL SCIENCES
SENIOR TECHNOLOGISTSBiotechnologyBiochemistry
Chemistry
BioDefense
Biosensors
Molecular Engineering
Laser Standoff Detection
Passive Standoff Detection
Point Detection
Technology Evaluation
CB Systems Integration
Modeling, Simulation and
Analysis
CB Systems NBC Battlefield
Management
CBR Filtration
Respiratory Protection
Decontamination Sciences
Agent Chemistry
Chemical Methodology
Forensic Analysis
Aerosol Sciences
Veterinary Services
Smoke and Target Defeat
Operational Toxicology
Environmental Toxicology
Analytical Toxicology
CB DETECTION
Senior Scientist, CB Detection
Assoc Programs, Plans & Analysis
Assoc Director for Special Programs
Assoc Compliance
Agent Fate Program Manager
Assoc Administration
ACTING DEPUTY DIRECTOR
DIRECTOR
Biophysical Chemistry
Chief Scientist for Life SciencesChief Scientist for Chemistry
Foreign Intelligence Office
6
Research and Technology Personnel
Workforce by Skill Area GovernmentResource
ContractorResource
Administrative 20 24
Biology 56 28
Chemistry 68 49
Engineering 39 12
Physical Sciences/ Physicists 39 10
Technical Support/ Math/ Computer Science 9 8
Technicians 27 17
Toxicology/ Physiologists 5 7
Total 263 155
Workforce Education Level Government Contractor
Bachelors 72 59
Masters 58 17
Doctorates 80 37
Total 210 113
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New hire PhDs awarded by:Brown UniversityCalifornia Coast UniversityClarkson CollegeDuke University Florida State UniversityJohns Hopkins UniversityLoma Linda UniversityMcMaster UniversityMississippi State UniversityOhio State University (3)Penn State University (3)Purdue UniversityRutgers UniversityStony Brook UniversitySUNY Upstate Medical UniversityTulane University (2)University of ArizonaUniversity of Buenos AiresUniversity of California, BerkleyUniversity of Delaware University of GeorgiaUniversity of Maryland (6)University of Maryland Medical Center
University of New MexicoUniversity of North CarolinaUniversity of California, San DiegoUniversity of TennesseeUniversity of UtahUniversity of Virginia (2)University of Wisconsin University of WyomingVirginia TechYale University
449 Scientist and Engineer New Hires
Since FY99
BachelorsMasters
Associates
PhDs
ECBC Intellectual Capital
8
Research and Technology in the ECBC Lifecycle
9
Research and Technology Directorate Critical Capabilities
Biosciences– Biodefense– Biosensors– Molecular
Engineering
CB Detection– Laser and
Passive standoff– Point– Technology
Evaluation
CB Info Tech Systems– CB Systems
Integration– Modeling, Simulation
and Analysis– NBC Battlefield
Management
CB Protection and Decon
– CBR Filtration– Decon
Sciences– Respiratory
Protection
Chemical Sciences– Agent
Chemistry – Chemical
Methodology– Forensic
Analytical
Toxicology Aerosol Science & Obscurants
– Aerosol Sciences– Analytical Toxicology– Environmental
Toxicology– Smoke and Target
Defeat– Veterinary Services
ECBC’s Critical Science CapabilitiesAgent
Spectroscopy/Algorithm
Development
Chemistry and Bioscience
of CB WarfareInhalationToxicology
Aerosol Physics
FiltrationSciences
Com
mod
ity A
reas
Chemical Point Detection
Bio Point Detection IndividualProtection
Bio Standoff Detection
ChemicalStandoff Detection
Collective ProtectionDecon Information Management
Smoke and Obscurants
Counter IED
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Research and Technology Directorate Senior Teams
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Capabilities1-1500 L fermentation capacitySecure cell/reagent repository Gene cloning in bacterial & fungal expression vectorsSurety and non-surety labsLab-, chamber-, and building-scale decon studies1900 square foot BSL-3 labsStandardized production of biological simulantsE4, American Association for Laboratory Accreditation and ISO 17025 Certification.Sample testing by PCR, immunoassay, and standard microbiological methodologies. Novel immunological and molecular testing
MissionTo conduct basic and applied biological/chemical research to the development of cutting-edge sensor hardware, BW field detection assays, bioremediation and CB-related materials, microbiological testing, bioforensic analysis and full-service bioprocess manufacturing capability.
BioSciences
BioDefense Team
Biophysical Chemistry
Team
BioSensors Team
Molecular Engineering
Team
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Laser Standoff
Detection Team
CB Detection
CapabilitiesChemists, Physicists, EngineersCB signatures, including explosivesCB optical and spectral propertiesPassive IR hyperspectral imagingLWIR, NIR, UV lidar systemsDifferential Scattering and AbsorptionUV laser-induced-fluorescenceRaman spectroscopy and SERSmm-Wave spectroscopyIon-molecule reactionsSurface Acoustic Wave (SAW)Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)Bio MS-MSSurface detectionLow-volatility detectionDetection in Water Advanced signal processingAlgorithm development and evaluationCB Systems Test and EvaluationTRA Reports (M/S B-C), TRE Testing
MissionProvide state-of-the-art technologies, services, and products to enhance performance in the area of chemical and biological threat detection.
Passive Standoff
Detection Team
Technology Evaluation
Team
Point Detection
Team
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CapabilitiesSensor Network IntegrationBattlefield Information Management Information FusionDisparate SensorsLow cost bio detection technologiesFusion of advanced bio detection techniques: fluorescence, atomic emission, and scattering Battlefield Modeling & SimulationSupports DoD CB M&S requirements generation process as relates to Simulation Based Acquisition
MissionIntegration of CBRN information with existing/emerging battlefield automation systems; provide modeling, simulation & analysis products to address specific CBRN customer needs.
CB Information Technology Systems
NBC Battlefield
Management
Modeling, Simulation
and Analysis
CB Systems Integration
14
CapabilitiesAerosol Collector CharacterizationCW Risk AssessmentUnique Testing Facilities (chambers, wind tunnels)Toxic Agent Inhalation Glove BoxLow Level CWA effectsPyro/Explosive/Smoke/Obscurant Tox EvaluationsChemometrics/Computational ChemistryAAALAC Accredited Tox LaboratoriesGLP ComplianceEnvironmental toxicology Aquatic and Terrestrial ToxicologyTrace CWA Metabolite/Dosemetric AnalysisConduct New Obscurant Materials Research
MissionProvide toxicology and aerosol research and development to support requirements for JS Materiel Developers, PMs, OGA and CB defense customers. Develop toxicology, aerosol, CB threat databases for operational requirements.
Toxicology, Aerosol Science & Obscurants
Aerosol Sciences
Team
Smoke & Target Defeat
Operational Toxicology
Team
Environmental Toxicology
Analytical Toxicology
Team
Analytical Toxicology
Team
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CapabilitiesCBR filter technology CBR filter system evaluationTIM/TIC protectionDecontamination technology developmentRespiratory protection technologyRespiratory protection system development
MissionExecute fundamental and applied studies to enhance capabilities of filtration, decontamination and respiratory protection technologies.
CB Protection and Decontamination
Decontamination Sciences Team
Respiratory Protection
Team
CBR Filtration
Team
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Chemical Methodology
Team
Agent Chemistry
Team
Forensic Analytical
Team
CapabilitiesSynthesis and purification of Super-Toxic Materials (STM)Chemical analysis of STM in complex matrices
– Liquid and gas chromatography
• Single stage and tandem mass spectrometry
• Nuclear magnetic resonance
Physical property measurements of STM
– Vapor pressure, melting point, boiling point
– Visual and spectroscopic interrogation of chemicalagent/ surface interactions.
Quantum chemical modeling
MissionPrimary Center resource for chemical agent synthesis, analysis and methods development, environmental fate studies, forensics, attribution and agent science support to the defense, intelligence, law enforcement and compliance communities.
Chemical Sciences
RVX Vapor Pressure
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0
1000/T (K-1)
Vapo
r Pre
ssur
e (P
a)
RVX Anto ine VX Antoine DTA Data Saturator Data T (C)
ln (VP(Pa)) = a-b/(c+T)
a = 24.136 b = 6464 c = -55.27
-20oC160oC 120oC 80oC 40oC 20oC 0oC240oC 200oC
P S C H 2 C H 2 NM e
O
OM e
M e
M e
M e
C H 2 C H 3
P S C H 2 C H 2 NM e
O
O E t
E t
C H 2M e
M e
R-33(Russian)
VX(US)
17
Bio-SciencesAccomplishments
• Completed DARPA project, "Receptor Based Sensing." This study formed the nucleus of the new DTRA-funded project "Abiotic Networked Threat Systems”
• Contaminated standard envelopes with a dry, milled anthrax simulant to determine the risk associated by cross-contamination during the handling of mail.
18
CB Detection Accomplishments
• Demonstrated technology to detect/discriminate bio vs. non-bio at 1000 ACPLA at 1 km, reduced false alarm rate to 1 / week and expand usability from only nighttime to include daytime operations with FAL LWIR Lidar.
• Conducted three double-blind proteomic mass spectrometry studies to identify unknown biological samples. All samples were positively identified, with no false negatives. Improvements in sample processing reduced total time to identification from 16 hours to 3 hours.
MaterialSensitivity
[ppl]
BG 272BA 345EH 320YP 245
MS2 780Ovalbu
min 9 AIRIS Wide Area IR Detector
Tomographic Reconstruction
19
CB Information Technology Accomplishments
• Demonstrated novel, low-cost, low-power UV fluorescence detection technology (TAC-BIO) for biological agent warfare detection.
Low cost lenses
Low cost mirrors
20
DetectionSentinel Species
OBJECTIVE: Develop quantitative spectral library entries of volatile components associated with chemical and biological warfare agents. Establish likely constituents such as unreacted precursors, growth media, stabilizers, thickeners, atmospheric degradants, and suboptimal agent preparations that either frustrate or enhance the agent signature.
21
Tactical Garbage to Energy Refinery (TGER)
Tactical Garbage to Energy Refinery (TGER)
Problem:• Reduce demand for fuel
at forward operating bases and reduce security risks inherent in waste disposal
Technical Solution: • Hybrid advanced fermentation
and thermal decomposition of military waste (paper, plastic, styrofoam, food slop) produces biofuels which power 60kW military gensets.
Status: • TGER deployment to Victory
Base Camp, Iraq on 1 May 08 –10 Aug 08) for 90 day operational assessment completed. TGERs prepare for redeployment via sealift.
22
Retrospective Analysis for CW Agent Exposure
Retrospective Analysis for CW Agent Exposure
• Improvements in biomarker sensitivity were required to measure agent kinetics in blood/tissues. Kinetic and toxicity data are needed to develop models for predicting agent effects across species and exposure routes.
• Accomplishment: Increased sensitivity of biomarkers from ~50 ng/ml in plasma (original GC-MS method) to better than 0.5 ng/mL by the use of LC-MS-MS instrumentation and by enhancing sample preparation methods
23
Bio Standoff DetectionBio Standoff Detection
• The Frequency Agile LIDAR (FAL) candidate successfully discriminated bio aerosols with:
• 99.9% probability of detection, 0.34% probability of false alarm• max range exceeding 3 km• over 100 releases:19 simulants, 14 interferents, and 20 mixtures.
0 250 500 750 1000 1250-2-1.5-1
-0.50
0.51
1.5
Time [sec]
SC
V S
tatis
tic BG ReleaseBurning Rubber ReleaseEH Release
Discrimination of Bio not affected by interferents
24
DHS Biodetector TestbedDHS Biodetector Testbed
• Developed a field testing regimen for biowarfare detect-to-warn technologies and deployed 8 candidate sensor platforms into an airport, an office building, and a transportation terminal over two three-month tests
Ink-Jet Aerosol Generator
COTS
PCRCOTS FLAPS
Design ofExperiments
Calliope0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
minutes
PLA
25
Toxicology, Aerosol Sciences & ObscurationAccomplishments - 2007
ECBC was selected as a 2007 Army R&D Achievement Award Winner for the "Design and Development of the 5-cm Agent Fate Wind Tunnel,” developed by Daniel Weber. Performed Limit-of-Detection testing of bioaerosol contamination for the USPS.
26
Select Research Facilities
Advanced Chemistry Lab
Bio Process Engineering Facility
Modern Life Sciences Laboratory
– Toxicological testing– Microbiology– Physiology
Chemical Agent Laboratories
Pathogen/Toxin BSL-2 and BSL-3 Laboratories
Aerosol Chambers– Aerodynamic Flow
Systems– Aerosol Generators– Wind Tunnels
Chemical Synthesis and Analysis Laboratories Analytical & Research
Labs
CB Forensics Analysis Center
27
R&T’s Surety Labs promote safety and security when working with chemical and biological agentsR&T’s Surety Program includes:
– Careful planning and training of specialized personnel:• Each experiment is carefully planned; standard operation
procedures are followed• Personnel are in the Personnel Reliability Program • Surety operations are conducted with minimum people in the lab
at a time• Scientists use the buddy system to ensure safety when
performing operations• Specialized training of local emergency responders
– Specialized facilities:• Facilities equipped with engineered controls for the materials
scientists are working with• Involved filtration systems to remove and purify air tainted with
chemicals• On-site clinic equipped to screen workers for chemical exposure
Research and Technology Surety Laboratories
28
R&T Staff in the Community
R&T employees offer their science expertise to the community through school programs catering to students at the elementary level through Post Graduate. Programs include:
– Kids and Chemistry– Career Related Experience
of Science and Technology– National Research Council
Associate Program– E Cybermission– Science Fair Judges– U.S. Army High School
Science and Math Program – Science and Mathematics
Academy