Joseph HIDDINKCapacity Changer Ufo Engine

8/4/2019 Joseph HIDDINKCapacity Changer Ufo Engine

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Joseph HIDDINK

Capacity Changer

http://www.groupkos.com/eso/tiki-index.php?page=One-Terminal+Capacitor

One-Terminal Capacitor

The Capacity Changer, in all its simplicity, is a pulse-converter of the Coulomb chargeupon one plate of a two-terminal capacitor, which becomes a capacitor having only oneterminal when the plasma stream inside of a glass tube (commercially availableultraviolet lights) extinguishes. The plasma serves as the disappearing capacitor terminalof the Capacity Changer device.

http://www.keelynet.com/interact/archive/00000405.htm as retrieved on Apr 28,2007 12:59:36 GMT.

One Terminal Capacitor

Jerry W. Decker // KeelyNetTue, 29 Jun 1999

Hi Folks!

Comes here an interesting email regarding a 'one terminal capacitor' which you should be

aware of thanks to the inventor Joseph Hiddink. This is the email he sent me along withmy response and initial questions. Do check it out if you are so inclined;

Ajax, Ontario, Canada June 29. 1999

In 1933, Hitler ordered his Engineers to build a Flying Disk, that could come off theground, without any sound, could fly at great speed, without any sound, and it had to beinvulnerable. His engineers had read about Vandegraaff's ideas.

The Vandegraaff is a monopole high voltage generator, to a degree. Vandegraaff thought,that if he put his sphere to ground, and charged it up to five million volts positive, the

sphere would be positive, the ground would be positive, and plus repels plus, ergo:Liftoff.

So he was invited to come to Germany to do it. But when the sphere was on the ground, itonly went to 3000 volts, and that did not do a thing. So in 1937 they switched tomagnetics. And yes, by 1941, the day before Hitler invaded Germany, they had reached aweight reduction of their Flying Machine of 120 pounds.


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After which the President of that institution retired immediately But not before exhortinghis successor to keep this invention in the ridicule section. His successor became head ofthe Canadian Space Agency. If you apply for a patent, you need the signature of twowitnesses, who declare that they understand the invention.

One of the witnesses required, was a German, now Canadian Engineer, who had workedon Hitler's Flying Disk. &quotMy God, why did nobody think about that before...? Whydid I not think about that before...?"

And he told me about Hitler's Flying Machine that never worked. &quotWhen the projectwas terminated, we were sworn to secrecy about it, but that is nonsense now, you foundit. .. Why did I not think about it before...?" He happens to be the world's foremost experton the parts to make this capacitor.

Offered to Nasa, the Rocket Experts at the Propulsion Lab, where I was referred to, were&quoted Not interested, thank you.!" You can figure out why.

We can fly to the Moon in three hours, if need be, uncomfortable. Or in comfort, using aconstant 1.1 g acceleration in two days. Mars in a few weeks. No osteoporosis and nobarfbags. The Space station and all that nonsense is obsolete.

Of course, anyone who can find out how a Flying Saucer works must be an idiot. that is,what I was told at the different &quotScientific" Institutes in Canada.

Invention was evaluated by Hermann... (forgot his last name) of the Hudson Institute forStrategical Studies at $600 Billion. Now probably Trillion.

Found 1200 applications, from &quotStarwar" cars that float, electrical engines that needonly a battery to start, airplanes that reach any place on earth in two hours, all VTOL, noairports needed, to inexpensive power generators, weather control, tornadoes, hurricanes,earthquakes etc... Oil as an energy source will be out. No pollution and no noise.

Just new to the net I will probably get my own site and start to advertise someapplications. I have to make some money too. I wondered of course why the PatentOffice never figured that this invention should be &quotclassified", but you never arguewith the dumbells that look after your security. Your security Council was informedbefore too.

Threaten the President of the US, and CIA and FBI will be at your doorstep in fiveminutes. If all of the US could be in danger, if this invention is used by another party,who cares... Do have a nice day.

Regards Joseph Hiddink - President Gravityxe-mail: [email protected]


4/17

http://www.keelynet.com/interact/archive/00000534.htm.

Joseph Hiddink ( (no email) )Sat, 17 Jul 1999

Ajax, Ontario, Canada July 16 1999

Dear Jerry:

I read in one of the missives, that some people are a little bit confused about plusses andminuses of voltages. I will try to explain once again:

Draw a circle on a piece of paper. This represents the sphere.

Now draw a capacitor inside that circle (A capacitor is drawn, electrically, by two parallellines that do not touch. Make one of the lines solid, and draw a connection to the circle

(sphere).

Draw the other line in stipples like - - - - - -, with swiches on both sides of the stipples / -- - - - - \ .

They are in the 'on' position, and that side of the capacitor is active.

Now connect a battery with the minus to the solid line , via a switch. / --

Connect the plus of the battery to the stipple line part of the capacitor, via a switch / ,When both switches are thrown, the capacitor C ( which will have a size of e.g. 1

microfarad) will reach your battery voltage

Q =3D CV

Now we put both switches that are connected to the battery in the 'off' position. Thatcapacitor is still charged, and the sphere would show 12 volt negative. Now the switchesconnected to the stipples are put in the 'off' position. That makes that side of the capacitordisappear, the solid line is left, and still connected to the sphere, as a 1-terminal capacitor.

But the capacity is now the capacity of the sphere. And that sphere, if it is a little bitbigger than three feet in diameter, has a capacity of about 50 micro microfarad.,

That is 1,000,000 / 50 =3D 20,000 times smaller. But the voltage goes up 20,000 times.You get momentarily 240,000 volts. and that is negative in nature, like the solid line ofyour capacitor. And it carries the whole charge of the 2-terminal capacitor. This part isconnected to the sphere.


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If that sphere rests on the ground, the ground will try to absorb that voltage. But we, verycunningly, repeat the process, fast. And the ground gets another mouthful. But after a fewmouthfuls, that part of Mother Earth gets fed up, and rejects the next appetizer.

The sphere comes off the ground. Sure, the ground will then become obstinate and

eventually become positive right under the hovering sphere, which would attract thenegative sphere, and as positive attracts negative, crash it, accompanied by a short-distance lightning stroke, but the idea is to get away from it all, and after 'rejection' usethe earth's magnetic field to take off to higher realms.

There will be a few guidelines for future Flying Saucer operators, probably on acomputer screen.

Regards, Joe Hiddink

http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg00209.html

Re: [Keelynet] Looking for EM experiments not explaind by Maxwell

Wed, 26 Apr 2006

Joseph Hiddink

A Flying Saucer does not have silicon type spheres underneath, but metal ones. They are1-terminal capacitors. Inside each sphere is a capacitor, that can be changed from a 2-terminal capacitor into a 1-terminal capacitor. When in the 2-terminal capacitor state, it is

charged up to about 20,000 volts or less.

Then it is changed into a 1-terminal capacitor, with the 1-terminal connected to the metalsphere on the inside. The 1-terminal capacitor becomes now the capacity of the metalsphere. It is based on a practical application of a problem, devised by Faraday, written upin the physics books as impossible to do in practice. The problem, if you went to HighSchool: Two concnetric metal spheres do not touch and form a capacitor C. This one ischarged up to a potential V. Then the outside sphere is removed. The remaining sphere isa 1-terminal capacitor c. The potential on this sphere is momentarily: C/c x V.

Difficult, if not possible to do with spheres, which is the reason that the invention was

ridiculed and the inventor insulted up to four months after the patent was granted.

Let me quote from the patent:

If C = 1/10 Microfarad (which is possible with the design) and is charged up to apotential of 10,000 volts, the charge is 1/10 Coulomb. When this capacitor gets changedinto the 1-terminal capacitor ( a sphere of about 2 meters, with a capacity of about 100 pF), the resulting electrical pulse is about 100 million volts.


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Now, a Flying Saucer does not have to go this potential to get lift-off, propulsion and atthe same time take power out of the air, unless they would like to destroy a town likeSodom or Gomorrah. These "Angels" were human, who came in a Flying Saucer.

Tesla had an electric car, with an 80 HP electric motor, an antenna and some electronics.

He drove it all the way from New York to Buffalo and back at speeds of up to 90 MPH.No gas. Just like a Flying Saucer, he took power right out of the air.

He refused to tell anyone how it worked, as he realized, that the system could also beused to give every home on earth free electric power. He had designed the Niagara FallsPower Plant for Westinghouse and the investors (Rockefeller and Morgan) would havekilled him.

He did not patent it, but I did. My poor wife, reading all the letters of insult and ridicule,was very upset about it and did not want me to work on it, or she would have left me. Shedied recently and now I am starting to work on it, slowly, as money is in short supply.

Initial experiment in 1967, zapped all the HiFi's and TV's in the neighborhood (I fixedthem all for free, but did not experiment at home anymore, as it also blew after a fewseconds a big Power Transformer on a pole 100 yards away, luckily a Squirrel wasblamed).

Next experiment in the "sticks" had me lightning coming out of the clear blue sky, when Iconnected the device with a dog-screw to ground, and generated three pulses of 500,000volts. Offered to Nasa's Propulsion Lab in Cleveland, it was solidly rejected by theengineers. "Thank you for sending us a copy of your patent!" Who needs a propulsionengineer, if we, when using this system can be on the Moon in a few hours or at Mars in aday or so, no matter where they are located at the time, and all that without barf-bags,

heat-tiles, or osteoporosis? I believe that they tried it a few years ago and caused the bigblackout in the USA and Canada, blaming a poor, innocent tree.

They did not know about what precautions to take. Any other experiment that you areworking on is just a novelty without any real desirable results.

Regards, Joseph H.

http://www.halfbakery.com/user/Joseph_20Hiddink

Joseph Hiddink


7/17

Gravity control is so simple, that I (who told the family at age six that I was going toinvent that) told my mother on my twelfth birthday, that it was going to be so simple, thata high school student could have invented it. Guess what. The technology was describedby Faraday in the 1850's. As a theoretical problem. Unfortunately the learned(?)professors in the years succeeding wrote in the physics books that it only could be done

in theory, never in practice. The material to do it existed already in the days of Faraday. Igot the problem on my final exam Physics in my (Dutch) High school. Two concentricmetal spheres do not touch and form a capacitor C. This one is charged up to a potentialV. Then the outside sphere is removed. The remaining sphere is a one-terminal capacitorc. The potential on this sphere is C/c x V. If C = 1 microfarad, and V= 10,000 volts and c= 50 micro-microfarad, we get a potential of 20 million volts. And that is positive allalone, or negative, all alone. Difficult to do with concentric spheres, so I invented acapacitor that can be changed from a one- terminal type to a two-terminal type, getscharged up to 10,000 volts, after which it reverts to a one-terminal type of capacitor. Thatdevice is inside these spheres, seen in Flying Saucers. It takes a little bit of capital tobuild it, but not as much one rocket motor costs for the shuttle. Don't worry, the Nasa

Rocket Propulsion Engineers were " Not interested, thank you!". So it probably will beused by another group that is interested in real space flight. We can reach the Moon inone day and Mars inside two weeks. Without the benefit of ostoporosis or barfbags. Butwho would deny those benefits to Astronauts? Not me. Joseph [email protected]

[Nov 24 2000, last modified Dec 26 2000]

http://patents1.ic.gc.ca/details?patent_number=1043434&language=EN_CA

CA 1043434CAPACITY CHANGER

ABSTRACT

"The invention provides a capacity changer comprising at least one evacuated glass tubehaving an ionizable gas disposed therewithin and a pair of mutually spaced electrodesdisposed within the glass tube and selectively connectable through a switch to a firstpower supply, the gas, when ionized, acting as a first capacitor electrode. A conductivecoating on the outside of the or each glass tube forms a second capacitor electrodecapacitively coupled to the first capacitor electrode when the gas is ionized, the first and

second capacitor electrodes thereby forming a two-terminal capacitor. A second powersupply is selectively connectable through a further switch between the second capacitorelectrode and the first capacitor electrode when the gas is ionized, the second capacitorelectrode further forming at least part of a 1- terminal capacitor when the gas is notionized. The two-terminal capacitor formed by the ionized gas and the second capacitorelectrode may be charged and then, when charged, converted into a one-terminalcapacitor formed by the second capacitor electrode. In this way, very high voltages maybe attained".


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From: "Joseph Hiddink" To: Sent: Friday, June 29, 2007

Subject: Free Energy

Hi All,

In 1967 I had the good (?) luck to figure out the workings of the Flying Saucer. ThePropulsion System and how they are powered by taking energy right out of the air oraether.

I built a small unit, went to 150,000 volts, got a heck of a poke and big bang was heard,the light went out. The Power Transformer on a pole 150 feet away had blown up.

I was called out on business. When I came home a new Transformer had been installed.A squirrel was blamed. My TV and HiFis had been zapped. I blamed the PowerCompany, bought a slew of transistors and fixed the sets.

A few weeks later I went to 500,000 volts, this time using long plastic rods to activate theswitches and a scream from the kids above my workshop told me that the TV was on theblink again and so was the HiFi. Then the telephone of \all my neighbours around startedto ring. "Could I come and have a look at their TV..?"

Being on of these Good Neighbors of which you read in funny Novels, I fixed all sets forfree but did not experiment at home anymore. Next experiment was in the "sticks".

I got a lightning strike on the tree under which my Van was parked, set it afire, scared thedaylights out of me and some poor farm dogs, which were instantly transformed into thefastest whippets you have ever seen.

As a good Patriot I decided to offer the invention as a Birthday Gift to Canada. Canadawas 100 years old!

It was looked over by the National Research Council, the Scientific Arm of the CanadianGovernment. They concluded I was an Idiot. Nobody could ever invent the device Iclaimed to have invented, it said in the Physics Books that it was only a theoretical

problem, originating by Faraday in the mid 1800's.

No matter how many times I wrote and explained, they finally wrote to tell me that myletters would be henceforth in the wastebasket, unopened.

Eleven years later, my (US) Patent Lawyer phoned me that the Patent was going to begranted. He urged me to inform the Governments of Canada and the USA immediately.


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"It is probably the biggest single invention I ever will have worked on and it could quitewell be the Nobel Prize for you!"

Dr. Kahn of the Hudson Institute had told him that it had been evaluated at $600 Billionif the USA would have it before Russia. That was for the Space Application alone!

I wrote once more to the NRC. It was still ridiculed. I asked my MP to intervene. Fourmonths after the patents were granted, the President of the NRC, Dr. Schneider, wrote ahighly insulting letter (regarding me) to my MP., copy to the Premier, Mr. Trudeau, aboutthis idiot, who did not know anything about Physics and could the Government dosomething to stop me from pestering them with his nonsense?

I wrote a polite letter to this President, stating that someone must have misled him, as Ihad the Patent now. I enclosed a copy of the Patent.

A letter came back: "Yes, I had the Patent after all, but, "they" were sure that it could not

work, no financial assistance!"

I offered to come to Ottawa and have lightning come out of the clear blue sky.

No answer. They tried it and the NRC Buildings were hit twelve times inside one hour.That item was even in the Newspapers!

Now they had lost "face". They decided to keep on denying and poohooing this minorinvention. In the USA it went to the Propulsion Lab of Nasa in Cleveland, Ohio.

The learned gentlemen there were aghast. Who would need them if we could fly to the

Moon in an hour or Mars inside a day?

They were being paid big bucks and were not going to kill the Goose that laid GoldenEggs and (of course not) kickbacks from the different suppliers.

"Not interested, than you for the copy of your Patent!" After the space disasters I believethat they decided to experiment with it and not knowing about precautions to be takenblew their own Power Transformer Station to Kingdom come and a poor innocent treewas blamed for the blackout.. One year after I got the Patents I went finally on the Weband read about the great Scientist MR. Tesla. I realized that he had discovered the samething. Two years later, while in the hospital with a heart-attack, due to a severe allergic

reaction with Cashews. of which I had eaten a tin instead of making a TV dinner whenmy wife was visiting friends 600 Miles away, my wife came back home. She found thestack of rejecting and insulting letters and concluded that they were the reason for theheart attack. She did not want me to work on it anymore, the strain was too much for her.Love won.

She passed away two years ago and now I am working on it again.


10/17

First a unit that takes power out of the air to keep an industrial device with a 72 voltbattery constantly charged.

Next, a unit for home power. Then the real electric car like Tesla had. Next the power forair- and spacecraft. The fourth industrial revolution is coming.

To ensure a long and happy life, I have given the complete circuitry to trusted people inCanada, the USA and Europe.

If anything would happen to me it will be splashed all over the internet.

The units will be leased, so as to get a constant income and keep the Tax man happy.Here in Canada the Ontario Provincial Government is not interested, the Politicians havetheir fingers in the Energy Pie, e-mail and faxes are not anwered. The FederalGovernment referred me to the Minister of the Environment who is all hopped up ongetting the funding of many billions of dollars to bury Nuclear waste. No answer from

him either. For 100 Million Dollars we could fly it to the Moon or dump it at Jupiter.

A real spacecraft can be as big as a football field and be crewed like a Naval Cruiser.Don't worry, the US Navy People were not interested, neither were the US Marinesinterested in a floating of flying vehicle to be used in hilly country like Iraq orAfghanistan . The poor Oil Barons in Calgary got $510 Million to fight pollution. With$5 million I will get better results than they ever will get.

Patents are expired but I left one insignificant item out to ensure that an unfriendly powerwould not be able to use it.

When I get enough capital I will have to take at least 1000 patents out. There are myriadsof applications. It is like inventing the wheel. Of course I might be on the wrong planetthis time around.

You also will understand that it is not something that should go to a University.

Any disgruntled student could zap all the Computers, Cell-phones and even carcomputers.

Regards, JH

US Patent # 4,095,162

Capacity Changer


11/17

Joseph Hiddink

June 13, 1978

Abstract

A capacity changer device in which there is a first capacitor means of the 1-terminalcapacitor type, and an enclosing hollow metal sphere enclosing the first capacitor meanswhich may be spaced there from and being itself a 1-terminal capacitor with a currentpower supply for energizing a number of evacuated glass tubes containing an ionizablegas and forming part of the first capacitor means. It includes a second power suppy fordirect current for charging the first capacitor means and connected also to the metalsphere for combining the charge to form a combination with the sphere of a change to a2-terminal capacitor.Inventors: Hiddink; Joseph H. (Ajax, Ontario, CA)

Current U.S. Class: 361/120 ; 307/110; 363/29Current International Class: H02M 7/42 (20060101); H02M 7/54 (20060101); H02M009/04 (); H01G 007/00 ()Field of Search: 321/15 317/244 307/110 320/1References Cited:U.S. Patent Documents: 3562629 ( February, 1971: Troubetzkoi) // 3652914 ( March,1972: Krausser)

This invention relates to improvements in capacity changers, and particularly, the changein capacity occurring when a small-value 1-terminal capacitor is changed into asubstantial value 2-terminal capacitor, or vice versa.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a capacity changer and its constructionwhereby there is achieved a change in capacity occurring in changing a small-value 1-terminal capacitor into a substantial value 2-terminal capacitor, and vice versa.

Another object of the invention is to provide the means for producing high potentialswhich can be positive or negative in nature and which are adapted for use in the study ofnuclear structure and nuclear reactions.

Still a further object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved means forconstruction and operation of a high power particle generator.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved device for generatingpotentials of either positive or negative nature of such magnitudes so as to attract, bend orrepulse radiation.


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Still another object of the invention is to provide novel and improved construction of adevice for generation of potentials of either positive or negative nature, to attract orrepulse mass.

A further object of the present invention is to provide novel and improved means and its

construction for making an inexpensive, yet effective Intense Neutron Generator withpossibility for slow to fast neutron emission.

Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a novel and improvedconstruction of a high power Radio Frequency Transmitter.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the means to generate strongelectrical field which can be used to counteract other electrical fields or in conjunctionwith suitable electronic circuitry to detect interruption of said fields by the infiltration offoreign metal bodies, ore bodies, etc. These fields can be extended to several miles andare not affected by hot and cold layers of water.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novel and improved meanswhich makes the generation of super high potentials possible, without having to resort toinsulators that would be prohibitive in size or cost.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention willbecome apparent from the following description of the drawings, wherein:

FIG 1 shows a simple capacitor consisting of two conducting plates which are separated

by a dielectric;

FIG. 2 depicts a 1-terminal capacitor consisting of a single conducting plate;

FIG. 3 depicts a 1-terminal capacitor consisting of a conducting sphere;

FIG. 4A is a schematic circuit diagram showing the capacity changing circuitarrangement consisting of a 1-terminal capacitor and including a non-conducting gaseousdischarge tube;

FIG. 4B is a schematic circuit diagram somewhat similar to FIG. 4A showing therealization of a 2-terminal capacitor including a gaseous discharge tube which isconducting, and in which the ionized gas acts as the second "plate";


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FIG. 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a device drawn as a glow-discharge deviceusing a power supply;

FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram similar to FIG. 5 but showing a filament typeversion; and

FIG. 7 is an elevational and schematic view of a composite arrangement includingseveral of the tubes shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 mounted inside a hollow metal sphere, withrelated power supply sources.


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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the past, the changing of 2-terminal capacitors to 1-terminal capacitors have beenregarded largely as theoretical problems and devices. As for generators of high potentials,(in excess of 10 MeV), positive, negative or alternating in nature, they have been seen tobe costly, cumersom and to need a fair amount of insulation.

The present invention seeks to provide means and construction for attaining the foregingobjects at relatively low cost and with good expectation of rewarding results.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

In order to understand clearly the nature of the present invention, and the best means forcarrying it out, reference may be had to be the drawings in which like numerals denotesimilar parts throughout the several views.

FIG. 1 shows a simple capacitor consisting of two conducting plates 10 and 11 which areseparated by a dielectric medium 12 which may be air or other insulating medium. On theother hand, there is shown in FIG. 2 a 1-terminal capacitor 13 which consists of only thesingle flat conducting plate 13.

As shown in FIG. 3, there is depicted another type of 1-terminal capacitor 14 consistingsolely of a hollow sphere 14.

Formulae for the calculation of the capacitance of various shapes of 2-terminal capacitorsand of various shapes of 1-terminal capacitors as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are wellknown and given in various textbooks on electricity. The following shows how suchelemental knowledge of capacitors is applied in development of the present invention in anovel form and construction.


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In FIG. 4A, the schematic circuit diagram shows the capacity changing circuit consistingof a 1-terminal capacitor 15 consisting of a plate 16 which may be cylindrical in shape,and encloses or goes around a non-conducting gaseous discharge tube 18 made of sealedglass or the like material, with electrodes 19 and 20 inside the tube, and which isconnected via lead wires 21 to a battery 22 through a switch 23.

In FIG. 4B, the schematic circuit diagram shows the realization of a 2-terminal capacitor24 consisting of a plate 25 which may be cylindrical in shape which goes around agaseous discharge tube 26 which is conducting. The ionized gas 27 within the tube 26acts as the second plate under the influence of the voltagee from battery 30 delivered vialead wires 31 through the switch 32. The capacitance is indicated by the broken lines 33.

As seen in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, the basic capacitor of the present invention consists of one ormore hollow tubes 34, 34A or 34B, which may be round, cylindrical or any other shapeand made of non-conducting material such as glass. All of the tubes have end walls 36 ateach end thereof and electrode terminals 38A or 38B are inserted through the sealed glass

ends. The tubes are evacuated of air and filled with an ionizable gas 40 such as neon orargon, under suitable pressure. The tubes are partly covered with a conducting substanceor coating 42, leaving the electrode terminals 38A and 38B free and insulated from thesubstance 42. The outside surface of each of the tubes 34, 34A and 34B are now for ourpurposes substance 42, which is a 1-terminal capacitor.

I have found that is is commercially advantageous to use a tube which does not have aphosphor coating, but which is otherwise similar to those used in the lighting industry.This type of tube, shown in FIG. 6, has heated filament-like terminals which make itpossible to construct a high speed or fast-firing glow discharge circuit with a lower firingpotential.

Thus, FIG. 5 shows the tube 34A drawn as a glow discharge device, using power supply50, switches 51 and 52 and electrode terminals 38A. FIG. 6 shows the similararrangement but with tube 34B connected to the power supply 54, including switches 55and 56 and starters 57 at each end as is known in fluorescent lamp art.

Looking at FIG. 7, there is shown a hollow metal sphere 60 with a spherical chamber 62,with a number of tubes like those shown at 34A and 42 in FIG. 5 or at 34B and 42 inFIG. 6 inside the chamber 62. The sphere 60 acts also as a 1-terminal capacitor, havingits own capacity (C equals 0.556 d) and C is the capacity of pF, and d is the diameter ofthe conducting sphere in centimeters. Even if each tube 34 has its conducting surface 42connected to sphere 60, the capacity of the sphere remains the same, namely (C equals0.556d).

If the gas 40 inside the tubes 34A or 34B is ionized by an ac or dc power supply 66through wires 68 and the switches shown in FIG. 7, and electrode terminals 38A and 38Bas seen in FIGS. 5 and 6, a 2-terminal capacitor is formed herein called capacitor 70.Ionized gas 40 in each tube forms one plate and the conducting surface 42 forms thesecond plate. The glass tubes 34A or 34B are the dielectric.


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This 2-terminal capacitor 70 can be of substantial value, depending on the size, shape ornumber of tubes 34-42 used inside the sphere. It will be noted that, although the capacitor70 can have a substantial value, the capacity value of the enveloping sphere 60 remainsthe same.

Instead of mounting the tubes 34A or 34B in a sphere, they can be mounted in any othertype of container with a conducting surface connected to the coating substance 42 by awire 72 as shown in FIG. 7. However, for some purposes described herein, a sphere is themost efficient form.

The 2-terminal capacitor array 70 can be charged by a direct current power supply 74, viaswitches 76 and 77 and conductors connected to the electrodes 38A or 38B on the ends ofthe tubes 34 on one side, and another conductor 78 going to the conducting coatingsubstance 42 on each tube. Whether ionized gas 40 forming one plate of the capacitor orconducting coating substance 42 connected to sphere 60 as the other plate becomespositive or negative depends on the connection of power supply 74. Versatility can be

achieved by using three-position switches or relays for switching at 76 and 77 of FIG. 7.

After the 2-terminal capacitor 70 has attained a charge, power supply 74 can bedisconnected from the capacitor 70 by means of breaking the charging path via switch 76or 77 or both. The connection from power supply 74 to conductors 42 should be brokento safeguard power supply 74.

The plate formed by ionized gas 40 in each tube can now be removed by disconnectingpower supply 66 via switches 80 or 81 or both. When using a filament-type tube 34B asin FIG. 6, it is advisable to disconnect the filament-heating power supplies via starterswitches 57 or both.

When fast action is required in the changing to state from 2- or 1-terminal capacitoroperation, the gas 40 can have quenching type additives as known in the art. The chargeon the other plate (sphere 60 connected to conductors 42) remains. If capacitor 70 (2-terminal capacitor array) had a capacity of 10 microfarads (which can be attained byusing a sufficient number of the tubes 34-42) and was charged up to 10,000 volts, thecharge would be 1/10 Coulom (Q equals CV). If the capacity of the sphere 60 was, forexample 100 pF (picofarads), the potential which is generated is momentarily about 100million volts.

It is thus seen that the invention furnishes solutions to various problems as mentioned

above, and at reasonable cost of equipment and power supply.

Although the invention has been described in specific terms, it will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art that there are many modifications, changes and improvements whichmay be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention asherein claimed. Further, if desired, the switching arrangements at 76, 77, 80 and 81 ofFIG. 7 may be mounted inside the sphere 60, if convenient.


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Joseph HIDDINKCapacity Changer Ufo Engine

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