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José Urquizo Maggia Ministry of Production of Peru XIII UNCTAD INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY DAY...
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Transcript of José Urquizo Maggia Ministry of Production of Peru XIII UNCTAD INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY DAY...
José Urquizo MaggiaMinistry of Production of Peru
XIII UNCTAD INNOVATION ANDTECHNOLOGY DAY
CHALLENGES, PUBLIC POLICY, PROPOSALS AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF INNOVATION IN PERU
SUMMARY
•Competitiveness and FTA
•Challenges for innovation1.Heterogeneity and tradition
2.Productive inclusion and decentralization
3.Closing poverty gaps
4.Training of human resources
5.Diversifying production and exports
6.Overcoming productivity gaps
7.Speeding up innovation upgrade• Proposals
and achievements
Porter
PRODUCTIVITY AND GROWTH
PRODUCTIVEINCLUSION
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
“…Competitive advantage comes mainly from improvement, innovation and change "
COMPETITIVENESS
INNOVATION
QUALITY
ASSOCIATIVITY
GLOBAL INSERTION
…Opportunity and challenge ...3 BILLION POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS
European Union
MERCOSURAustralia
TPP - APEC
SINGAPUR
CHILE
CHINA
MERCOSUR
EUROPEAN UNION
EFTA
ANDEAN COMMUNI
TY
CANADA
UNITED STATES
After more than 10 years of growth higher than 6% per annum, Peru has improved its competitiveness position
* Source: WEF Global Competitiveness Report
... But if we look closer there are challenges that concern us
WEF Location competitiveness rankings Peru and Latin America, 2008 and 2011
2008 20110
20
40
60
80
10083
67
86 88
PeruLatin Ame-rica
1 = Best
PUBLIC POLICY CHALLENGES OF INNOVATION IN
PERU
XIII UNCTAD INNOVATION ANDTECHNOLOGY DAY
CHALLENGE 1. Overcoming Technological Heterogeneity + Inclusion of traditional knowledge and biodiversity wealth
LandMachinery
Knowledage
Agriculture Revolution
First Industrial Revolution
Information
Society
Knowledge Revolution
Information
Strategic factors of
competitivenessManufactoring
MindfactoringICT’s
BiotechnologyNanotechnology
CHALLENGE 2. Decentralization and diversification of regional production
Source: SUNAT – Registro RUC 2011
Lima Otras Regiones0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Percentage of total manufacturing firms
Total Manufacturing Enterprises:
136,129 = 55% in Lima accounts for 14.8% of GDP
55% 45%
Others Regions
(31.3%)(48.7%)(54.8%)
Source: INEI.
... poverty has declined over time ...But there are still pending issues
CHALLENGE 3. Reduce poverty and competitiveness gaps between regions
17.64
21.36
23.17
23.54
24.42
25.18
25.7
27.15
27.22
29.8
31.66
32.68
32.99
33.01
33.16
35.46
36.64
40.45
41.27
41.4
42.63
44.49
45.32
73.57
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Huancavelica
Apurimac
Cajamarca
Ayacucho
Amazonas
San Martin
Huanuco
Ucayali
Puno
Pasco
Junin
Madre de Dios
Loreto
Ancash
Cusco
Tumbes
Piura
Moquegua
Tacna
Lambayeque
La Libertad
Ica
Arequipa
Lima y Callao
Source: Centrum Católica
COMPETITIVENESS - REGIONAL INDEX 2010
The two poorest regions are the least competitiv
e
Innovation can reduce economic
and social problems
CHALLENGE 4. Promote human capital formation to generate value added
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
Ingeniería y c ienciasnaturales
Medicina y biología Leyes, ciencias socialesy humanidades
Otros
1972
1993
2007
Source: INEI National Censum1972, 1993, 2007 (CEPLAN 2009)
Professionals according to field (%)
Engineering and Science
Medicine and Biology
Laws, Social Sciences and Humanities
Others
CHALLENGE 5. Diversify the composition of output
Source: INEI, BCR
% in Peruvian currency at constant 1994 prices
8%1%
7%
15%
2%
5%
14%
38%
10%
2005Agriculture Fishing MiningManufacturing Electricity and Water ConstructionCommerce Others Services Taxes
7% 0.4%
5%15%
2%
7%
15%
39%
10%
2011Agriculture Fishing Mining
Manufacturing Electricity and Water Construction
Commerce Others Services Taxes
Minning
69.3%
Agriculture
and Fores-try4.5%
Fisherie
s6.8%
Textiles
4.3%
Chemi-cals3.6%
Metalurgy
and Jewerly2.4%
Others9.1%
Exports structure in Peru2011 (46,270 MM)
CHALLENGE 5. Diversifing the export supply
Minning53.0%
Agriculture and Forestry
5.7%Fisheries13.8%
Tex-tiles11.1%
Chemicals2.7%
Met-alurgy and Jew-erly6.7%
Oth-ers
7.0%
Exports structure in Peru1990 (USD 3,280 MM)
Source: BCRP, SUNAT.
CHALLENGE 6. Increase business productivity and reduce the gap between Small, Medium and Large Enterprise
Source: FOROMIC (2009).
10
20
30
40
50
60
03 6 9 12 15
Sale
s /
work
er(
thousa
nd U
S$
)
Employment (millons)
Microenterprises
3,150 USD
Small Enterprises 8,000 USD
Medium Enterprises
27,000 USD
Large Enterprises
48,000 USD
INNOVATION Brasil Chile Colombia México Argentin
a Perú
General 44 46 57 63 78 113
Entorno favorable
Competencia 132 23 128 103 141 59
Calidad de la educación matemática y de la ciencia 127 87 83 126 113 135
Calidad del sistema educativo 115 124 72 107 86 128
Uso de las TIC 63 56 78 73 55 82
Gasto del Gobierno en tecnología 52 47 45 75 127 98
Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual 84 63 86 85 128 122
Disponibilidad del capital de riesgo 52 34 49 78 129 38
Inversión
Gasto de las compañías en I+D 30 60 76 79 72 118Calidad de los científicos en las instituciones de investigación
42 51 69 54 41 109
Colaboración entre Universidad- Industria en I+D 38 44 43 45 48 103
Disponibilidad de Científicos e Ingenieros 91 29 77 86 75 102
Desempeño
Capacidad de innovación 31 66 59 76 77 99
Patentes utilizadas por millón de habitantes 60 53 76 58 55 83
CHALLENGE 7. Enhance innovation
Ranking of competitiveness: Innovation
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
1 = Best
PUBLIC POLICY PROPOSALS and
ACHIEVEMENTS FOR INNOVATION IN PERU
XIII UNCTAD INNOVATION ANDTECHNOLOGY DAY
SEVEN STRATEGIC PILLARS:
1. SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
2. BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT, QUALITY & PRODUCTIVE TRAINING
3. INTERNATIONALIZATION
4. INFRAESTRUCTURE
5. INFORMATION AND COMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
6. FACILITATE BUSSINES ACTIVITIES
7. ENVIROMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
COMPETITIVENESS AGENDA 2012 – 2013 February 9th, 2012
1. To invest in innovation (processes, products, services and new organizational arrangements). De 0,15% a 0,7% en 2016
2. To establish a multisectoral institutional framework to foster the development of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI). Sept,2012
3. To support industries to diversify production and promote new industries, generate more value added using traditional technologies and adopting new ones CITEs and FUNDS
4. To decentralize the productive structure and close productivity gaps
5. To promote the formation and improvement of human capital and more participation of the private sector in STI
¿ WHAT HAS PERU PROPOSED TO DO?
PROPOSAL 1 : Investment on R & D.GOAL: 0,7% del GDP- Regional average 0.6%
Source; CEPAL.
INVESTMENT ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT(2006)
Infrastructure and
Logistics
Technical and Professional Education
Innovation and
Quality
Market Orientati
on
PROPOSAL 2: INNOVATION AS A MULTI SECTOR RESPONSIBILITY. Institutional framework to link knowledge and technology to businesses
Purpose: Access to technology and promotion of innovation
Agents for Technological Transfer between enterprises and R&D institutions
Active presence of the private sector at the managerial level
Integrated in a NETWORK - RED de CITEs
Link between knowledge generation and productive activities
Strategic partner of enterprises
GOOD PERUVIAN PRACTICES TO PROMOTE INNOVATION
Innovation Technological Centers -
CITEs
www.cites.pe
Tacna: CITEagroindustrial
Piura: CITEAgroindustrial
Cajamarca: CITEminero
Loreto: CITEfrutas tropicales y plantas medicinales.CITEforestal
Arequipa: CITEconfeccionesCITEagrondustrial CITEindustria textil camélidos IPACCITEagroalimentario de Majes
San Martin: CITEcacao
Pucallpa: U.T CITEmadera
Lima:CITEmadera: Mueble CITEccal: Cuero-CalzadoCITEmetalmecánicoCITElogistico GS1CITEsoftwareCITEmarketing
Operatingin process
Promote regional development, productive value chains and competitive clusters Ica:
CITEvid
Network of CITEs according to the descentralization process
Lab testing
R&D+i projects
Promote the use of standards
Product Development and Design
Technical information
and Technological
watch
Training
Technical Assistance
Quality System
Pilot Plants
Market driven value chain
Logistics management and ITC
ROLE AND SERVICES OF CITES
ENTERPRISES &
MARKETS
Innovation
R&D+i
Technological Transfer
Productivity and Quality
improvement
QUALITY AND STANDARDIZATION FOR FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS COMMITMENTS
CITEs are part of Technical Standards ComiteesBesides, CITEs run labs to test for norms compiance e.g.:
Wood and furniture (CITEmadera).
Footwear and leather (CITEccal; ISO17025).
Pisco, wine, wineyard and grape(CITEvid; ISO17025).
Alpaca fiber - textile (CITEtextil de camélidos IPAC)- Arequipa.
R&D+i standards ( OTCITs).
GOOD PERUVIAN PRACTICES
Funds forInnovation
Co-financingCooperating to compete
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS QUALITY AND SAFETY DESIGN AND PACKAGING
QUALITY AND SAFETY STANDARDS
VOLUME DESIGN MARKET PRICES
Innovation funds
MARKEt
PRODUCERS, ORGANIZATIONS
& ENTREPRENEURS
TECHNOLOGY PARTNERS
Technological Innovation
COMPETITIVENESS
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FUNDS
FINCYT I ( 2008-2012)36 million US dollars IDB Nº 1663/OC-PE
Funds granted since 2010:
US$ 62´000,000
Financing up to 75% of 2 different kinds of proyects
FINCYT II ( 2012-2015)100 million US dollars. Start : 2nd Half 2012
XIII UNCTAD INNOVATION ANDTECHNOLOGY DAY
Competitiveness ranking 2011: 67
Global Innovation Ranking 2011: 113
634 Patents4,965 researchers
2021 GOALSCompetitiveness ranking
2021: 40 Global Innovation Ranking
2021: 706,000 Patents
20,000 Researchers
THANKS
… Future depends on all of us
INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY DAY
José Urquizo MaggiaMinistry of Production - Peru