Joints of the Body. Terminology: Articulations – points of contact of joints between 2 connected...
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Transcript of Joints of the Body. Terminology: Articulations – points of contact of joints between 2 connected...
Terminology:• Articulations – points of contact of joints
between 2 connected bones
• Tendon – attach muscle to bone• Ligament – attach bone to bone
Sternoclavicular Joint
• Connects the sternum & clavicle• Only joint connecting the pectoral girdle to
axial skeleton• Strengthened by intracapsular disc & extrinsic
muscles
Acromioclavicular Joint
• Unites lateral end of clavicle with acromion process of the scapula
• Shoulder separations often occur here
Glenohumeral Joint
• Connects upper limb & scapula• Multi-axial joint• Wide range of movement lack of stability
Elbow Joint• Humero-ulnar Joint– Medial– Between trochlea of the
humerus & olecranon process of ulna
• Humero-radial Joint– Lateral– Between capitulum of
humerus & head of radius• Radio-ulnar Joint– Between radius & ulna
Radio-Carpal Joint
• Between distal end of radius & carpals• Movement: flexion-extension & adduction-
abduction
Carpometacarpal Joint
• Between carpals & metacarpals
• Characteristics of carpometacarpal joint of the thumb allows the range of movement necessary for opposition
Metacarpophalangeal Joint
• Between metacarpals & phalanges• “Knuckles”• Movements: flexion-extension & adduction-
abduction
Hip Joint
• Between head of femur & acetabulum of the hip bone
• Ball & socket joint• Movement: flexion-extension, adduction-
abduction & circumduction• Hip joint is very stable– Deepened socket– Intrinsic & extrinsic ligaments
Knee (Tibiofemoral) Joint
• Incredible range of movement• Flexion-extension• Relatively stable– Menisci• Shock-absorbing fibrocartilaginous discs
– Anterior & posterior cruciate ligaments• Centre of the joint
– Lateral & medial collateral ligaments• Extending from sides of the femur to tibia & fibula
Ligaments of the Knee
• Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)– Prevents anterior movement of the tibia– Attaches medial & anterior to tibia– Attaches lateral & posterior to femur
• Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)– Prevents posterior movement of the tibia– Attaches lateral & posterior to tibia– Attaches medial & anterior to femur
• Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)– Medial stability– Attaches on tibia & medial side of femur
• Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)– Lateral stability– Attaches on fibula & lateral side of femur
Most common injury to ACL & MCL
Ankle (talocrural) Joint
• Involves several bones:– Medial & lateral malleoli of the tibia & fibula– Head of talus– Calcaneus