Joints & Describing Movement
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Transcript of Joints & Describing Movement
Joints & Describing Movement
Introduction to Anatomy -3
THE ARTICULAR SYSTEM
An articulation is also known as a joint
There are 3 types of joints1. Fibrous – also known as
“immovable”, examples: cranium, pelvis
2. Cartilaginous - also known as “slightly movable”, example: symphisus pubis
3. Synovial - also known as “freely movable”, example: elbow, knee
JOINT CLASSIFICATION
In PE, we mainly talk about Synovial Joints.
Synovial joints are classified into different categories according to their shape or degree of
movement:
JOINT CLASSIFICATION
JOINT CLASSIFICATION
HingeHinge joints allow movement in one plane only.
Examples: elbows, knees, and fingers.
HINGE JOINTS
Ball and SocketBall-and-
socket joints allow free movement in all directions.
Examples: hip and shoulder
Movement is described by looking at the way joints are positioned when a movement occurs. The main joints involved are:
Upper Body
Shoulder ElbowWrist
Lower Body
Hip Knee Ankle
When the muscles pull the bones that surround these joints, movement occurs.
Movement around a joint can be separated into the following catergories:
Movement at Joints
FlexionDecreasing the angle between two bones across a joint.
Shoulder Flexion
FlexionDecreasing the angle between two bones across a joint.
Elbow Flexion
FlexionDecreasing the angle between two bones across a joint.
Wrist Flexion
FlexionDecreasing the angle between two bones across a joint.
Trunk Flexion
FlexionDecreasing the angle between two bones across a joint.
Hip Flexion
FlexionDecreasing the angle between two bones across a joint.
Knee Flexion
FlexionDecreasing the angle between two bones across a joint.
Dorsiflexion
ExtensionIncreasing the angle between two bones across a joint
Shoulder Extension
ExtensionIncreasing the angle between two bones across a joint
Elbow Extension
ExtensionIncreasing the angle between two bones across a joint
Wrist Extension
ExtensionIncreasing the angle between two bones across a joint
Trunk Extension
ExtensionIncreasing the angle between two bones across a joint
Hip Extension
ExtensionIncreasing the angle between two bones across a joint
Knee Extension
ExtensionIncreasing the angle between two bones across a joint
Plantarflexion
RotationMovement of the bone around a central axis
AbductionMoving a limb away from the midline of the body
AdductionMoving a limb towards the midline of the body
CircumductionA combination of movements so that a limb completes a circular movement. The limb creates a ‘cone’ shape. Occurs at hip and shoulder.
Extension Task
Now that you have learned the movement classifications, you need to identify where each of them could occur within a sporting context. For example, knee extension would be used in kicking a ball.
Complete this for all 18 types.