Joint URBAN2003 Experiment ARL Field Site and … URBAN2003 Experiment ARL Field Site and Equipment...

Joint URBAN2003 Experiment

ARL Field Site and Equipment Configuration

by Manuel D. Bustillos and David Quintis

ARL-TR-3439 March 2005 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

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Army Research Laboratory White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002-5501

ARL-TR-3439 March 2005

Joint URBAN2003 Experiment ARL Field Site and Equipment Configuration

Manuel D. Bustillos and David Quintis

Computational and Information Sciences Directorate Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

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4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Joint URBAN2003 Experiment ARL Field Site and Equipment Configuration

5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

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6. AUTHOR(S)

Manuel D. Bustillos and David Quintis

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7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

U.S. Army Research Laboratory Computational and Information Sciences Directorate Battlefield Environment Division (ATTN: AMSRD-ARL-CI-EE) White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002-5501

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14. ABSTRACT

The joint effort in 2003, by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Measurements, Instrumentation, and Analysis Team, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the U.S. Department of Defense, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency significantly conducted a field experiment for approximately 50 days. The project was part of the Joint URBAN2003 Atmospheric Dispersion Experiment in Oklahoma City, OK. This technical report gives details of the experimental layout ARL used to accomplish the mission objectives. It describes ARL’s preparation for the Joint URBAN2003 field experiment, the equipment, sites, and various meteorological measuring instruments on 10-m towers. The analysis and resulting conclusions are based on the wind and turbulence data studied from Joint URBAN2003, which are presented in other technical reports. These studies add a significant improvement for required quality-assured meteorological and tracer datasets in order to establish confidence in the indoor and outdoor dispersion models used to simulate dispersal of potential toxic agents in an urban environment. These studies also take into account how today’s U.S. Army battleground involves the day/night urban setting.

15. SUBJECT TERMS

JointURBAN2003 Experiment, Meteorological Towers, Sonics

16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON

Manuel D. Bustillos a. REPORT

U b. ABSTRACT

U c. THIS PAGE

U

17. LIMITATION OF

ABSTRACT

SAR

18. NUMBER OF PAGES

32 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (Include area code)

505-678-2987 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8/98)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

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Contents

Preface v

Acknowledgments vi

Executive Summary vii

1. Introduction viii

2. ARL’s Contributions 1

3. Documenting Details 2

4. Instruments Descriptions 16

5. Summary 16

Acronyms 17

References 18

Distribution List 19

iv

List of Figures

Figure 1. Oklahoma City downtown area with tower sites map.................................................... 3 Figure 2. Metro Bus Station tower layout...................................................................................... 5 Figure 2A. Metro Bus Station tower positioning........................................................................... 6 Figure 3. Sheridan Yard tower layout............................................................................................ 7 Figure 3A. Sheridan Yard tower positioning................................................................................. 8 Figure 4. Maintenance Park tower layout. ..................................................................................... 9 Figure 4A. Maintenance Park tower positioning. ......................................................................... 10 Figure 5. First Christian Church tower layout. ............................................................................ 11 Figure 5A. First Christian Church tower positioning. .................................................................. 12 Figure 6. Main And Klien tower layout....................................................................................... 13 Figure 6A. Main And Klien tower positioning............................................................................ 14 Figures 7. LIDAR positioning. .................................................................................................... 15

List of Tables

Table 1. Tower and LIDAR locations............................................................................................ 4

v

Preface

U.S. Air Force Gen. Richard B. Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld stated that the “Department of Defense (DoD) must continue its transformation to meet 21st century threats such as terrorism…Pentagon officials say transforming DoD training is key to preparing for 21st century security threats.” These statements are part of an ongoing war against global terrorism and direct the U.S. military transformation efforts toward an imperative goal. Both statements require quality-assured meteorological and tracer datasets in order to establish confidence in the indoor and outdoor dispersion models used to simulate dispersal of potential toxic agents in an urban environment. Today the U.S. Army battleground involves the day/night urban setting.

Field experiments, like Joint URBAN2003, provide knowledge for the new transformation needed for DoD and U.S. Army training against the threat of chemical and biological weapons by terrorism. In July 2003, this atmospheric dispersion study was conducted in Oklahoma City, OK. Its primary purpose was to advance knowledge about the movement of contaminants in and around cities and into and within building interiors. Also, the resulting data could be used to improve, refine, and verify computer models that simulate the atmospheric transport of contaminants in urban areas.

To characterize the day/night urban threats of terrorism, two perspectives were utilized in the experiment and the analysis: a) the preparation of instruments for outdoor/indoor airflow patterns in atmospheric dispersion models, and b) the concentrations in the air of safe inert tracer gases that were released for the experiment. Though the details of the multi-organization Joint URBAN2003 experiment is beyond the scope of this technical report, the information documented here can serve as a useful document in support of the U.S Army Research Laboratory’s (ARL) Joint URBAN2003 operations.

vi

Acknowledgments

Appreciation is extended to the Measurements, Instrumentation, and Analysis Team (MIAT) and other members for their execution of the Joint URBAN2003 Atmospheric field experiment in Oklahoma City, OK. The participating teams and members included MIAT: Manuel D. Bustillos, Edward Creegan, Dr. Dennis Garvey (Team Leader), Giap Huynh, Dr. Edward Measure, Mario Torres, Gail Tirrell-Vaucher, Edward Vidal, Jimmy Yarbrough, and Young Yee (Test Director); the Small Scale Processes Team (SSPT): Doyle “Scott” Elliott, Ronald Cionco, and Dr. Sam Chang; the Modeling Applications Team (MAT): David “DQ” Quintis; and the Atmospheric Optics Team (AOT): Dr. David Ligon. Also, our thanks go to Dr. Douglas Brown, Linda Duchow, Felipe Chavez, Gina Eaton, Nancy Fudge, Mike Mason, Rick Hanson, Felicia Chamberlain, Joseph Trammel, SGT Robert Brice, SGT Steve Morgan, MAJ Raymond Pickering, SGT Alan Mariner, and everyone at Oklahoma City for all their valuable support.

vii

Executive Summary

In 2003, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Measurements, Instrumentation, and Analysis Team (MIAT) joined the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) to conduct a field experiment for approximately 50 days. The project was part of the Joint URBAN2003 Atmospheric Dispersion Experiment in Oklahoma City, OK. This technical report gives details of the experimental layout ARL used to accomplish the mission objectives. It describes ARL’s preparation for the Joint URBAN2003 field experiment, the equipment, sites, and various meteorological measuring instruments on 10-m towers. The analysis and resulting conclusions based on the wind and turbulence data studied from Joint URBAN2003 are presented in other technical reports.

viii

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.

1

1. Introduction

The following report describes the technical details of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory’s (ARL) participation in URBAN2003, a joint urban atmospheric experiment conducted in Oklahoma City, OK, from 1-31 July 2003. Section 1 presents what URBAN2003 was, who participated, and why it was important to the Army. Section 2 focuses on ARL’s contributions to URBAN2003. Section 3 documents the technical details of the ARL sensor sites that were useful to the Post Test analysis.

The purpose of URBAN2003 was “to advance knowledge about movement of contaminants in and around cities and into and within building interiors.” (Allwine et al., 2002.) A series of 10 Intensive Operation Periods (IOP) releases tracked the air movement of safe, non-toxic tracer gases in and around Oklahoma City’s buildings. Observations and measurements were gathered and stored for future research. The intent of the data was to aid the scientists in better understanding how chemical and biological agents are spread, as well as assisting with enhancing and developing specific urban meteorological models. This study allows “emergency management, law enforcement, and other responding personal to train for potential terrorist attack, as well as chemical spills.” (Allwine et al., 2002)

Some of the organizations participating in URBAN2003 included the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)-Chemical and Biological National Security Program, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD)-Defense Threat Deduction Agency (DTRA), and ARL.

The data results offer the U.S. Army potential decision aids with modeling and experimentation systems of chemical and biological agents in a complex/urban terrain. This experimentation was part of the refinement of critical information aimed at enhancing knowledge in simulated operational urban terrain environment models that could be used for training. In a DefenseLink news article by Gerry J. Gilmore (American Forces Press), the Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld was quoted as saying that “DoD must continue its transformation to meet 21st century threats such as terrorism…Pentagon officials say transforming DoD training is key to preparing for 21st century security threats.” (Gilmore, 2003) Today, the U.S. Army battleground involves the day/night urban setting. This URBAN2003 effort was a part of that a new transformation needed for the Army’s training.

2. ARL’s Contributions

URBAN2003 experiments required knowledge of the urban boundary layer structure (Allwine et al., 2002, appendix A, p 52). ARL identified specific Oklahoma urban areas in and around Oklahoma City and designated them strategic sites for supporting meteorological instruments in urban atmospheric surroundings. ARL tasked a team to attend the URBAN2003 experiments from 1-31 July 2003. The ARL participants included the Measurements, Instrumentation, and Analysis Team, as well as Scott Elliott of the Small Scale Processes Team and DQ Quintis of the

2

Modeling Applications Team. This team attended the field experiment and provided several instruments that were set up on booms and mounted to meteorological towers at different heights. Using 10-m towers instrumented on two and three levels, ARL looked at the daytime and nighttime Urban Canopy Layer (UCL). One of the sites was equipped with a second scientific sensor called Radio Observation (RAOB), which provides rawinsonde observations. Another site was equipped with a Light Detection and Ranging (Light Radar) (LIDAR) and a radiometer.

3. Documenting Details

The URBAN2003 experimental site was selected for the following qualities: a flat terrain, a well-defined central city, a moderate population size, a well-characterized climatology, and the world-class support of meteorological instrumentation already in use throughout the surrounding countryside.

The mean height of the buildings varied significantly over the extent of the city. Buildings with tens of stories populated the dense central business district, in contrast to the one- to two-story buildings found in the surrounding commercial and residential areas. All of the ARL towers/locations were in the commercial and residential area in Oklahoma City, OK. Tower 1 was at the Metro Bus Station at Miller’s Street and SW 20th Street. Tower 2 was at the Sheridan Yard at Sheridan Street and Byers Street. Tower 3 was at the Trosper Maintenance Park, 2300 SE 22nd Street. Tower 4 was at the First Christian Church at Walker Street and NW 36th Street. Tower 5 was at the corner of Main and Klein Streets. The RAOB launch site was 30 m northwest of Tower 4 at the First Christian Church. The LIDAR and the radiometer were east of the downtown area, on top of a parking garage. Figure 1 shows each of the locations in Oklahoma City on a map of the city. For the month of July, the winds in Oklahoma City were predominantly from the south. The booms on the meteorological towers were extended to the southeast.

Table 1 specifies each tower locations in terms of latitude, longitude, and elevation. A Garmin eTrex Vista* hand-held, “space-based radio-navigation” Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to acquire the table data. ARL uses the precise positioning service (PPS), with an accuracy to about 21.3 m (about 70 ft); this is also normally used by the U.S. military.

* eTrex Vista is a registered trademark of Garmin Ltd.

3

Figure 1. Oklahoma City downtown area with tower sites map.

Tower #4 Location: North: 35.473120

West: 097.504430


West: 097.532050

LIDAR Site Location: North: 35.464580

West: 097.598190


West: 097.505160


West: 097.561540 Tower #3 Location: North: 35.443000

West: 097.473440

4

Table 1. Tower and LIDAR locations.

Locations North Latitude

Locations West Longitude

Elevations (ft) Tower Number Figure Number

North 35.44533º West 097.56154º 1228 1 1

North 35.46669º West 097.50516º 1152 2 2

North 35.44300º West 097.47344º 1268 3 3

North 35.47312º West 097.50443º 1144 4 4

North 35.46818º West 097.53205º 1153 5 5

North 35.46458º West 097.59819º 1218 LIDAR 6

Detailed diagrams of the towers and instruments are displayed in figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, showing the meteorological instrumentation and level of placement used for measurements.

Towers 1, 2, and 3 were instrumented with 3 sonic anemometers, 3 electrical junction boxes, 1 scientific box each, and wireless connections. The sonics were mounted at 2.5 m, 5 m, and 10 m above ground level (AGL). All three of these towers were set up at true north (a correction of 11º northwest) with booms oriented southeast (see figures 2A, 3A, and 4A).

Tower 4 was instrumented uniquely—1 sonic and 1 RM Young wind bird were mounted at 10 m. Other tower components included 1 sonic at 5 m, 1 RH at 2.5 m, 2 electrical junction boxes, 1 Campbell scientific box, 1 scientific box, and wireless connections. Tower 4, at the First Christian Church, was set up at true north (a correction of 11º northwest) with booms oriented southeast (see figure 5A). Also, the Tower 4 site included a RAOB. This sensor measured vertical profiles of pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. There were several balloon releases per each 24-hr day.

Tower 5 was constructed with 2 booms supporting 1 sonic at 10 m, 1 sonic at 5 m, 1 scientific black box, and wireless connections at ground level, 0 m (see figure 6A).

Location 6 housed a LIDAR and a radiometer. No tower was erected at this site. The LIDAR was east of the downtown area on top of a four-story parking garage. This instrument would scan, measuring a wind velocity profile, then it would execute an “appropriate elevation scan parallel to the mean wind measuring the radial wind speed as a function of range elevation.” (Creegan et al., 2003) The LIDAR was used to measure a combination of the urban mixed, the urban surface, and the canopy layers, including the total Urban Boundary Layer (UBL). The authors observed the LIDAR scanning north to south, 180º. The radiometer viewed northwest, approximately 45º (see figure 7), scanning from vertical to low angles.

5

Figure 2. Metro Bus Station tower layout.

Tower layout vertical to the ground Not to Scale

Site: Metro Bus Station__________ Location: Millers & SW 20th St. Ten meter tower no. of level: _(3)_ Booms: _____(3)_______________ Sonics: ____(3)________________ 10m: Sonic 00439 / ____________ 5m: Sonic 00495 /_______________ 2.5m: Sonic 00625 / _____________ Campbell box (s): _(1)___________ Power cables: ___(3)____________ Tiedown cable guides: _(3)______ Clamps for cable guides: __(12)__ Turn buckles for guide cables: (3)_ Electrical junction boxes: __(3)___ Cat 5 cable, type CM 24: ____(3)__ Lightning rod: ___(1)____________ Base plate: __(1)________________ Ground spikes: __(3)____________ Ground stakes: 36”_____(3)______ U-Bolts: _____(6)_______________ Wireless____________ DAQ /______________ Collected by Mdb / Dq___________

Tower 1

Notation: Way Point: 000 Location: North: 35.44533O West: 097.561540

Elevation: 1228 Ft.

10m

2.5m

Lightning rod

3 ground spikes

6”

18” 69”

6”

14” 47” 67

2.5 54” 72”>

Base Plate

45”

OR

5

Campbell Scientific box with wireless

connection

Tiedown guide cables with 4

clamps each

Elec. junction

box

Elec. junction

box

Elec. junction

box

3 ground metal stakes 6”

Yes NO

NO

GPS position notation

Yes = Sensor used on the tower No = No sensor was used

6

Figure 2A. Metro Bus Station tower positioning.

West

South

Tower parallel on the ground or best when set on three (3) saw horses Not to Scale

W

E

Base Plate

Base plate swivel

North

(True North 11 degrees NW)

East

East

Top View of boom layoutNorth

South

Sonic

West

Notation: Way Point: 000 Location: North: 35.44533O

West: 097.56154O

Elevation: 1228 Ft. Distance: 1.2 Ft. Bearing: North

GPS position notation Site: Metro Bus Station__________ Location: Millers & SW 20th St. Ten meter tower no. of level: _(3)_ Booms: _____(3)_______________ Sonics: ____(3)________________ 10m: Sonic 00439 / ____________ 5m: Sonic 00495 /_______________ 2.5m: Sonic 00625 / _____________ Campbell box (s): _(1)___________ Power cables: ___(3)____________ Tiedown cable guides: _(3)______ Clamps for cable guides: __(12)__ Turn buckles for guide cables: (3)_ Electrical junction boxes: __(3)___ Cat 5 cable, type CM 24: ____(3)__ Lightning rod: ___(1)____________ Base plate: __(1)________________ Ground spikes: __(3)____________ Ground stakes: 36”_____(3)______ U-Bolts: _____(6)_______________ Wireless____________ DAQ /______________ Collected by Mdb / Dq___________

Tower 1

7

Figure 3. Sheridan Yard tower layout.


Site: Sherdan Yard__________ Location: Sheridan & Byers Ten meter tower no. of level: _(3)_ Booms: _____(3)_______________ Sonics: ____(3)________________ 10m: Sonic 00649 / ____________ 5m: Sonic 00648 /_______________ 2.5m: Sonic 00647 / _____________ Campbell box (s): _(1)___________ Power cables: ___(3)____________ Tiedown cable guides: _(3)______ Clamps for cable guides: __(12)__ Turn buckles for guide cables: (3)_ Electrical junction boxes: __(3)___ Cat 5 cable, type CM 24: ____(3)__ Lightning rod: ___(1)____________ Base plate: __(1)________________ Ground spikes: __(3)____________ Ground stakes: 36”_____(3)______ U-Bolts: _____(6)_______________ Wireless____________ DAQ /______________ Collected by Mdb / Dq___________

Tower 2


West: 097.50516O

Elevation: 1152Ft. Distance: 35.5Ft. Bearing: North

10m

2.5m

Lightning rod

3 ground

6”

18” 69”

6”

14” 47” 67

2.5 54” 72”>

Base Plate

45”

OR

5


connection


clamps each

Elec. junction

box

Elec. junction

box

Elec. junction

box


Yes NO

NO



8

Figure 3A. Sheridan Yard tower positioning.

West

South


W

E

Base Plate

Base plate swivel

North


East

East

Top View of boom North

South

Sonic

West


West: 097.50516O



Site: Sheridan Yard__________ Location: Sheridan & Byers Ten meter tower no. of level: _(3)_ Booms: _____(3)_______________ Sonics: ____(3)________________ 10m: Sonic 00649 / ____________ 5m: Sonic 00648 /_______________ 2.5m: Sonic 00647 / _____________ Campbell box (s): _(1)___________ Power cables: ___(3)____________ Tiedown cable guides: _(3)______ Clamps for cable guides: __(12)__ Turn buckles for guide cables: (3)_ Electrical junction boxes: __(3)___ Cat 5 cable, type CM 24: ____(3)__ Lightning rod: ___(1)____________ Base plate: __(1)________________ Ground spikes: __(3)____________ Ground stakes: 36”_____(3)______ U-Bolts: _____(6)_______________ Wireless____________ DAQ /______________ Collected by Mdb / Dq___________

Tower 2

9

Figure 4. Maintenance Park tower layout.

10m

2.5m

Lightning rod

3 ground

6”

18” 69”

6”

14” 47” 67

2.5 54” 72”>

Base Plate

45”

OR

5


connection


clamps each

Elec. junction

box

Elec. junction

box

Elec. junction

box

3 ground meta stakes 36”

Yes NO

NO


Site: Trosper Maintenance Park__ Location: 2300 SE 22nd St.Ok.,City Ten meter tower no. of level: _(3)_ Booms: _____(3)_______________ Sonics: ____(3)________________ 10m: Sonic 00397 / ____________ 5m: Sonic 00396 /_______________ 2.5m: Sonic 00497 / _____________ Campbell box (s): _(1)___________ Power cables: ___(3)____________ Tiedown cable guides: _(3)______ Clamps for cable guides: __(12)__ Turn buckles for guide cables: (3)_ Electrical junction boxes: __(3)___ Cat 5 cable, type CM 24: ____(3)__ Lightning rod: ___(1)____________ Base plate: __(1)________________ Ground spikes: __(3)____________ Ground stakes: 36”_____(3)______ U-Bolts: _____(6)_______________ Wireless____________ DAQ /______________ Collected by Mdb / Dq___________

Tower 3

Notation: Way Point: 134 North: 35.44300O

West: 097.47344O

Elevation: 1268Ft. Distance: 5.5Ft. Bearing: South



10

Figure 4A. Maintenance Park tower positioning.

West

South


W

E

Base Plate

Base plate swivel

North


East

East


South

Sonic

West


West: 097.47344O

Elevation: 1268 Ft. Distance: 5.5 Ft. Bearing: South

GPS position notation Site: Trosper Maintenance Park Location: 2300 SE 22 nd St. Ok., City Ten meter tower no. of level: _(3)_ Booms: _____(3)_______________ Sonics: ____(3)________________ 10m: Sonic 00649 / ____________ 5m: Sonic 00648 /_______________ 2.5m: Sonic 00647 / _____________ Campbell box (s): _(1)___________ Power cables: ___(3)____________ Tiedown cable guides: _(3)______ Clamps for cable guides: __(12)__ Turn buckles for guide cables: (3)_ Electrical junction boxes: __(3)___ Cat 5 cable, type CM 24: ____(3)__ Lightning rod: ___(1)____________ Base plate: __(1)________________ Ground spikes: __(3)____________ Ground stakes: 36”_____(3)______ U-Bolts: _____(6)_______________ Wireless____________ DAQ /______________ Collected by Mdb / Dq___________

Tower 2

11

Figure 5. First Christian Church tower layout.

10m

2.5m

Lightning rod

3 ground

6”

18” 69”

6”

14” 47” 67

2.5 54” 72”>

Base Plate

45”

OR

5

Campbell Scientific

boxes with wireless

connection


clamps each

Elec. junction

box

Elec. junction box

Elec. junction

box

3 ground meta stakes 36”

Yes NO


Site: First Christian Church__ Location: Walker & NW 36th ST. Ten meter tower no. of level: _(3)_ Booms: _____(3)_______________ Sonics: ____(2)________________ 10m: Sonic 00630 / ____________ 5m: Sonic 00645 /_______________ 2.5m: RH / _____________ Campbell box (s): _(2)___________ Power cables: ___(2)____________ Tiedown cable guides: _(3)______ Clamps for cable guides: __(12)__ Turn buckles for guide cables: (3)_ Electrical junction boxes: __(2)___ Cat 5 cable, type CM 24: ____(2)__ Lightning rod: ___(1)____________ Base plate: __(1)________________ Ground spikes: __(3)____________ Ground stakes: 36”_____(3)______ U-Bolts: _____(4)_______________ Wireless____________ DAQ /______________ Collected by Mdb / Dq___________

Tower 4


West: 097.50443O Elevation: 1144Ft. Distance: 2.7Ft. Bearing: North


Yes

NORH


12

Figure 5A. First Christian Church tower positioning.

West

South


W

E

Base Plate

Base plate swivel

North


East

East


South

Sonic

West


West: 097.50443O


GPS position notation Site: First Christian Church Location: Walker & NW 36th ST. Ten meter tower no. of level: _(3)_ Booms: _____(3)_______________ Sonics: ____(2)________________ 10m: Sonic 00630 / ____________ 5m: Sonic 00645 /_______________ 2.5m: RH / _____________ Campbell box (s): _(2)___________ Power cables: ___(2)____________ Tiedown cable guides: _(3)______ Clamps for cable guides: __(12)__ Turn buckles for guide cables: (3)_ Electrical junction boxes: __(2)___ Cat 5 cable, type CM 24: ____(2)__ Lightning rod: ___(1)____________ Base plate: __(1)________________ Ground spikes: __(3)____________ Ground stakes: 36”_____(3)______ U-Bolts: _____(4)_______________ Wireless____________ DAQ /______________ Collected by Mdb / Dq___________

Tower 4

13

Figure 6. Main And Klien tower layout.

10m

2.5m

Lightning rod

3 ground

6”

18” 69”

6”

14” 47” 67

2.5 54” 72”>

Base Plate

45”

OR

5

Scientific box with wireless connection


clamps each

Elec. junction

box

Elec. junction

box

Elec. junction

box


Yes NO

NO


Site: Main & Klien St. Location: Corner of Main & Klien Ten meter tower no. of level: _(3)_ Booms: _____(2)_______________ Sonics: ____(2)________________ 10m: Sonic 00634 / ____________ 5m: Sonic 00496 /_______________ 2.5m: _________________________ Campbell box (s): _Black Box (1) Power cables: ___(3)____________ Tiedown cable guides: _(3)______ Clamps for cable guides: __(12)__ Turn buckles for guide cables: (3)_ Electrical junction boxes: __(2)___ Cat 5 cable, type CM 24: ____(2)__ Lightning rod: ___(1)____________ Base plate: __(1)________________ Ground spikes: __(3)____________ Ground stakes: 36”_____(3)______ U-Bolts: _____(4)_______________ Wireless____________ DAQ /______________ Collected by Mdb / Dq___________

Tower 5


West: 097.53205O Elevation: 1153Ft. Distance: 9.5Ft. Bearing: North


NO


14

Figure 6A. Main And Klien tower positioning.

West

South


W

E

Base Plate

Base plate swivel

North


East

East

Top View of boom North

South

Sonic

West


West: 097.53205O


GPS position notation Site: Main & Klien ST. Location: Corner of Main & Klien Ten meter tower no. of level: _(3)_ Booms: _____(2)_______________ Sonics: ____(2)________________ 10m: Sonic 00634 / ____________ 5m: Sonic 00496 /_______________ 2.5m: / _____________ Scientific box (s): _Black box (1)__ Power cables: ___(3)____________ Tie down cable guides: _(3)______ Clamps for cable guides: __(12)__ Turn buckles for guide cables: (3)_ Electrical junction boxes: __(2)___ Cat 5 cable, type CM 24: ____(2)__ Lightning rod: ___(1)____________ Base plate: __(1)________________ Ground spikes: __(3)____________ Ground stakes: 36”_____(3)______ U-Bolts: _____(4)_______________ Wireless____________ DAQ /______________ Collected by Mdb / Dq___________

Tower 5

15

Figures 7. LIDAR positioning.

North

East West

South

Notation: Way point: 114 North 35.46458O West 097.59819O Elevation: 1281 Ft. Distance: 3.2 Ft. Bearing: South

Existing building

Existing building

Top of Existing garage Not to Scale:

Tree

Tree

16

4. Instruments Descriptions

The meteorological towers are made of aluminum pipe extending up to 10 m, with 3 aluminum booms and 3 stainless steel guide cables, tied to 3 steel ground stakes. Sonic anemometers are steel, 3-axis wind sensors with no moving parts that suited for applications requiring fast response, high resolution, and 3-dimensional wind measurements. LIDAR is designed for light detection and ranging, so this instrument is sensitive to aerosols and cloud particles and has many applications in atmospheric research and meteorology. The RAOB upper-air observation evaluates winds, temperature, relative humidity, and pressure by means of a radiosonde sensor attached to “a balloon-borne instrument for the simultaneous measurement and transmission of meteorological data.” (Huschke, 1959)

5. Conclusion

This report presents the specific details of ARL’s field site layout and equipment configuration within the Joint URBAN2003 Atmospheric Dispersion Experiment. It identifies the locations and elevations of specific urban areas in and around Oklahoma City that ARL chose for the placement of strategic, value-in, meteorological instruments used to support the characterization of the urban boundary surface layer. It also describes the meteorological instruments and specific configurations utilized at each of the chosen sites. Data types in this report include latitude, longitude, elevation, tower ID, tower-boom compass orientation, heights, distances, and landscape descriptions. These data were crucial input for the analysis and resulting conclusions derived from the meteorological datasets.

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Acronyms

AGL above ground level

AOT Atmospheric Optics Team

ARL U.S. Army Research Laboratory

DHS U.S. Department of Homeland Security

DoD Department of Defense

DoE Department of Energy

DTRA Defense Threat Reduction Agency

GPS Global Positioning System

IOP Intensive Operations Period

LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging (Light Radar)

MAT Modeling Applications Team

MIAT Measurements, Instrumentation, and Analysis Team

NNSA National Nuclear Security Administration

PPS Precise Positioning System

RAOB Radio Observation (a.k.a., rawinsonde observation )

SSPT Small Scale Processes Team

UBL Urban Boundary Layer

UCL Urban Canopy Layer

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References

Allwine, K. J.; Shinn, J. H.; Streit, G. E.; Clawson, K. L.; Brown, M. An Overview of URBAN2000: A Multi-Scale Field Study of Dispersion Through an Urban Environment. Bul. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 2002, 83, 521-536, p 52.

Creegan, E.; Garvey, D.; Ligon, D. Personal communication on site, URBAN2003, 30 June 2003.

Gilmore, G., American Forces Press. DefenseLink news article, American Forces Radio and Television Service, http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Aug2003/n08142003_200308144.html, (accessed 2004).

Huschke, R. E. Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society: 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA, 1959, 02108, p 462.

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Distribution List

Copies ADMNSTR 1 DEFNS TECHL INFO CTR ATTN DTIC OCP 8725 JOHN J KINGMAN RD STE 0944 FT BELVOIR VA 22060-6218 DARPA 1 ATTN IXO S WELBY 3701 N FAIRFAX DR ARLINGTON VA 22203-1714 MIL ASST FOR ENV SCI OFC OF THE 1 UNDERSEC OF DEFNS FOR RSRCH & ENGRG R&AT E LS PENTAGON RM 3D129 WASHINGTON DC 20301-3080 OFC OF THE SECY OF DEFNS 1 ATTN ODDRE R&AT THE PENTAGON WASHINGTON DC 20301-3080 SCI & TECHNLGY CORP 1 10 BASIL SAWYER DR HAMPTON VA 23666-1340 NATL CTR FOR ATMOS RSRCH 1 ATTN NCAR LIBRARY SERIALS PO BOX 3000 BOULDER CO 80307-3000 US ARMY TRADOC 1 BATTLE LAB INTEGRATION & TECHL DIRCTRT ATTN ATCD B 10 WHISTLER LANE FT MONROE VA 23651-5850 US ARMY CORPS OF ENGRS 1 ENGR TOPOGRAPHICS LAB ATTN CETEC TR G P F KRAUSE 7701 TELEGRAPH RD ALEXANDRIA VA 22315-3864 US MILITARY ACDMY 1 MATH SCI CTR OF EXCELLENCE ATTN LTC T RUGENSTEIN THAYER HALL RM 226C WEST POINT NY 10996-1786

Copies SMC/GPA 1 2420 VELA WAY STE 1866 EL SEGUNDO CA 90245-4659 TECOM 1 ATTN CSTE DTC CL APG MD 21005-5057 US ARMY ARDEC 1 ATTN AMSTA AR TD BLDG 1 PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ 07806-5000 COMMANDING GENERAL 1 US ARMY AVN & MIS CMND ATTN AMSAM-RD W C MCCORKLE REDSTONE ARSENAL AL 35898-5000 US ARMY CRREL 3 ATTN CRREL GP R DETSCH ATTN CECRL GP M MORAN ATTN CERCL SI E L ANDREAS 72 LYME RD HANOVER NH 03755-1290 US ARMY DUGWAY PROVING GROUND 1 DPG METEOROLOGY DIV ATTN J BOWERS WEST DESERT TEST CENTER DUGWAY UT 84022-5000 US ARMY FIELD ARTILLERY SCHL 1 ATTN ATSF TSM TA FT SILL OK 73503-5000 US ARMY INFO SYS ENGRG CMND 1 ATTN AMSEL IE TD F JENIA FT HUACHUCA AZ 85613-5300 US ARMY MATERIEL SYS ANAL ACTVTY 1 ATTN AMXSY CS BRADLEY APG MD 21005-5071 US ARMY NATICK RDEC 1 ACTING TECHL DIR ATTN SBCN TP P BRANDLER KANSAS STREET BLDG 78 NATICK MA 01760-5056

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Copies US ARMY OEC 1 ATTN CSTE AEC FSE 4501 FORD AVE PARK CENTER IV ALEXANDRIA VA 22302-1458 US ARMY SIMULATION TRAIN & 1 INSTRMNTN CMND ATTN AMSTI CG M MACEDONIA 12350 RESEARCH PKY ORLANDO FL 32826-3726 US ARMY TACOM-ARDEC 1 ATTN AMSTA AR WEL TL BLDG 59 PHILLIPS RD PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ 07806-5000 US ARMY TRADOC 1 ATTN ATCD FA FT MONROE VA 23651-5170 US ARMY TRADOC ANAL CMND WSMR 1 ATTN ATRC WSS R WSMR NM 88002-5502 NAV POSTGRAD SCHL DEPT OF MET 1 ATTN P FREDERICKSON 1 UNIVERSITY CIR MONTEREY CA 93943-5001 NAV AIR WAR CTR WPN DIV 1 ATTN CMD 420000D C0245 A SHLANTA 1 ADMIN CIR CHINA LAKE CA 93555-6001 NAV SURFC WEAPONS CTR 1 ATTN CODE G63 DAHLGREN VA 22448-5000 AFCCC/DOC 1 ATTN GLAUBER 151 PATTON AVE RM 120 ASHEVILLE NC 28801-5002 HDQTRS AFWA/DNX 1 106 PEACEKEEPER DR STE 2N3 OFFUTT AFB NE 68113-4039 USAF ROME LAB TECH 1 ATTN CORRIDOR W STE 262 RL SUL 26 ELECTR PKWY BLDG 106 GRIFFISS AFB NY 13441-4514

Copies AIR FORCE 1 ATTN WEATHER TECHL LIB 151 PATTON AVE RM 120 ASHEVILLE NC 28801-5002 HICKS & ASSOC INC 1 ATTN G SINGLEY III 1710 GOODRICH DR STE 1300 MCLEAN VA 22102 CO STATE UNIV DEPT OF ATMOS SCI 1 ATTN R A PIELKE 200 WEST LAKE ST FT COLLINS CO 80523-1371 DUKE UNIV PRATT SCHL OF ENGRG 1 DEPT OF CIVIL & ENVIRON ENGRG ATTN R AVISSAR HUDSON HALL BOX 90287 DURHAM NC 27708 THE CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK 1 DEPT OF EARTH & ATMOS SCI ATTN S D GEDZELMAN J106 MARSHAK BLDG 137TH & CONVENT AVE NEW YORK CITY NY 10031 UNIV OF ALABAMA AT HUNTSVILLE 1 DEPT OF ATMOS SCI ATTN R T MCNIDER HUNTSVILLE AL 35899 DIRECTOR US ARMY RSRCH LAB 2 ATTN AMSRD ARL RO D JCI CHANG ATTN AMSRD ARL RO EN W D BACH PO BOX 12211 RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK NC 27709 US ARMY RSRCH LAB 12 ATTN AMSRD ARL D J M MILLER ATTN AMSRD ARL CI OK T TECHL PUB (2 COPIES) ATTN AMSRD ARL CI OK TL TECHL LIB (2 COPIES) ATTN IMNE ALC IMS MAIL & RECORDS MGMT ATTN AMSRD ARL CI CS R MEYERS ATTN AMSRD ARL CI EA D GARVEY ATTN AMSRD ARL CI EE P CLARK ATTN AMSRD ARL CI EE A TUNICK ATTN AMSRD ARL SE EE Z G SZTANKAY ATTN AMSRD ARL CI EP J M NOBLE ATTN AMSRD ARD SE SA N SROUR ADELPHI MD 20783-1197

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Copies US ARMY RSRCH LAB 7 ATTN AMSRD ARL CI EE D HOOCK ATTN AMSRD ARL CI EE M D BUSTILLOS (5 COPIES) ATTN AMSRD ARL CI EE D QUINTS WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM 88002 TOTAL 59

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