John Ward, REDT Energy Ltd. Dublin. REDT Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) ‘Firming Up’ Wind...
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Transcript of John Ward, REDT Energy Ltd. Dublin. REDT Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) ‘Firming Up’ Wind...
John Ward, REDT Energy Ltd. Dublin.
REDT Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB)
‘Firming Up’ Wind Energy & The DECC Gigha Project in Scotland
Meitheal Na Gaoithe Conference, Kilkenny
Agenda
• Background to the Technology Development
• VRFB – What is it ?
• Review of VRFB technology - performance at stack level and scale up to grid systems
• Applications in Brief & Progress to date
• Demonstration Project – Gigha
• Conclusion
VRFB – What is it ?
Key features for reliability:
• Power and energy independent Scalable from 5kW to 10MW, with 3 to18 hours discharge duration
• Deep discharge capability Capable of 10,000 cycle life with minimal degradation >20 year life
Partial cycles have no effect on system life
• Safe operation Ambient temperature, non- flammable, environmentally sound – zero emissions.
Vanadium – What is it ?The 23rd element in the periodic table
Vanadium is a silverish transition metal (the valence electrons exist in more than one shell). In normal states, vanadium atoms have 23 protons, 23 electrons, and 28 neutrons. Very High Columbic Efficiency -98%
23 P 28 N
Electron shells
VRFB 5kW Stack – Building block
All polymer materials, high integrity sealed system
Low impedance membrane electrodestructure Charge/discharge ratio 1:1
5kWe nominal, 8.5kWe peak (15 mins)
Future target of 15kW
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Benefits
Low LCOE >20 year life– Lowest cost over life in class– Modular from 5kW to 5MW to
match loads, scale duration from hours to days
– Stack life > 10,000 cycles, electrolyte indefinite life, re-usable & recyclable
• Performance– Deep discharge cycles, uses
100% of available capacity– Charge retention, almost
indefinite in standby mode– 75-85% round trip efficiency– Partial cycles have 0 effect
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Battery Life Cycle based on Depth of Discharge
VRFBLithiumPolynomial (Lithium)Deep Cycle Lead AcidPolynomial (Deep Cycle Lead Acid)GEL Lead Acid
Timeline of development
R&D phase
Demonstration phase
Low cost manufactured product launch phase
2014: 7 units 15-18010 demo unit facility launchTested quality process productionR&D cost down plan
2015-17: Volume productionAutomation Large volumeR&D cost down
2013:60kWhsystem in Portugal
Original 30kWh VRFB pilot system – 2011
Containerised modular VRFB system designs -standardised for volume production
5-3010-30
5-6010-60
15-18030-18045-18060-180
ISO Standard 20’ container section – 60kW x 180kWh
• 12 x 5kW rated stacks per battery• Insulated air flow thermal control system• Argon blanketed electrolyte
• Safety – leakage, fire, hydrogen detection• 96,000 Litres of electrolyte per container• Excess electrolyte enables deep discharge
The Isle of Gigha and the Application
• Community owned Wind• Population ~150• Tourism, Farming, Brewing • Renewables potential• Sub-sea cable• One of the longest 11 kV feeders to
mainland• Remote and wild
Regional Context – The Western Isles
• Argyll generation severely constrained
• SSE cable upgrades scheduled for 2015
• Test site for VRFB selected by CES
The Isle of Gigha and the Application
Current position:
• New (4th) wind turbine installed - exceeds T&D limits
• 330 kW constrained to 225 kW at 0.85 p.f. • Line capacity upgrades not yet available• Lose 3 GWh over asset life
Primary objective:• Constrained energy recovery with on- peak
dispatch• Enhanced FIT benefit• Opportunity to increase RE generation by
30%
VRFB Applications – Grid balancing services
Typical Energy Storage application for grid peak shaving with baseload power
Parker SSD EGT Control System
Parker SSD PCS working with the REDT VRFB has a system response time of less than 5m/s and can therefore perform multiple intra-cycle control functions. Electronics and cable inductance are limiting factors not the energy storage system itself.
Firm Frequency Response (FFR) Profile Gigha 105kW rated system - RoCoF
Short term operational reserve (STOR) Profile
Arbitrage Profile
Constrained Energy Profile – Typical day Gigha system 105kW x 1.26MWh
Blue = ESS kW, Charging when negative Red = Stored energy MWh start/finish @ zero SOC
System Services Summary
Frequency Control
Voltage Control
Regulation of Curtailment
Arbitrage
Improvement of output prediction
Post demonstration stage the technology will be rolled out to other islands
Conclusions
• Energy storage is entering the mainstream • The Technology is constantly evolving and becoming cheaper
– full suite of services and dispatch for c.5 euro/Mwh• REDT will be ready for large scale deployment supporting
wind energy & Solar in Q3 2015 • Within 5 years there will be large scale deployment of
distributed storage worldwide• Market for storage globally is $10Bn by 2017(19), 33% of this
is estimated to be flow batteries• Possibility of an entirely renewable power system…?
Thank you for your attention – Questions ?
www.redtenergy.com