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John Stephenson
E-Learning: Quality means effective learner control
Staffordshire UniversityMay 2007
John StephensonEmeritus Professor, Middlesex University, London, UK
Most of these slides are available on the internet at:
http://www.johnstephenson.net/staffs.ppt/
John Stephenson
Some Dimensions of Quality
• Macro - Micro?• Purpose• Design• Efficiency• Relevance to users• Return on investment• Stakeholders• Pedagogy• Marshall MacLuhan…..?
What about quality as relevance to
learners’ development?
John Stephenson
Ongoing powerful forces for change, including
WEB 2-0
Convergence
John Stephenson
WEB 2.0?
Bottom up
Democratic
Participative
Massively growing
Communities of interest
Dominated by younger contributors
Diversity, responsive, culture. QUALITY?
John Stephenson
Material via iPods etc - learning materials and resources
- direct, bespoke
Podcast
Online diary, increasingly used in HE
- reflections on own learning and experience
- initiating discussion around propositions
- organic learner led communities of interest
- public, shared (eg with tutor) totally private
Blog
Plus the blog and podcast
John Stephenson
Is ‘Web 2-0’ a relevant resource?
Plethora, un-authenticated, unfiltered
- but widely used, culture of participation
Raises issues of
Quality
Relevance
Control
John Stephenson
Affordable, portable, ‘street cred’
Ownership
Sony PlayStation Portable
Games PlusWiFi, web, built-in material, streaming pods,
1 to 1, 1 / groups live videoWeb 2.0 into the classroom
TECHNICALCONVERGENCE!!
John Stephenson
Stop Press
• If you cannot beat them, help them.
• Internet use is a fact of life so learn to do it well
• Focus on intelligent use of the internet
– Judging provenance and relevance
– Proper citations; Critiques of source materials
• Develop independent engagement with materials
• Assess the process - not just the outcome
Exams in UK ‘will be overhauled in a bid to eradicate pupils cheating by using the Internet…’
The Observer, 20 - 8 - 06
Tutorial support
John Stephenson
The Internet has transformed our lives….
Travel Music News Business Work….
Traditional intermediaries are changing roles, even disappearing - clients are more in control
Why not in education?
The end of
the “pre-planned course”?
John Stephenson
Other dimensions of quality
Relevance tolonger term
needs
John Stephenson
Lord Dearing’s Report on Higher Education
On leaving HE, all students should have developed the
practice of
taking responsibility for their own learning
John Stephenson
‘Henry! Our party’s total chaos. No one knows when to eat, where to stand, what to .....
Oh Thank God, here comes a border collie
Acknowledgements to Larson
John Stephenson
Collusion with
Dependence
John Stephenson
If these sheep were capable they would have three extra attributes:
ability to learn for themselves, and quickly suss out the new environment ; belief in their personal power to perform in new situations (they would have the confidence, having spotted the pasture discretely left by the host, to do something about it) and
powers of judgement (they might even question whether it was appropriate for sheep to be at the party and simply leave).
John Stephenson
Capability and competence
A way of looking at the world
of actions
Unfamiliarcontext
Familiarcontext
Unfamiliarproblems
Familiarproblems
John Stephenson
Capability and competence
Position YCompetence:
Reliable delivery;Performancestandards;
Error elimination;Technical expertise;
Establishedprocedures;TRAINING
Unfamiliarcontext
Familiarcontext
Unfamiliarproblems
Familiarproblems
Y
John Stephenson
Position ZExposure, Autonomy,Networks peersProblem formulation,Courage, risk,Imagination, intuition,creativity;ResponsibilityLEARNING
Unfamiliarcontext
Familiarcontext
Unfamiliarproblems
Familiarproblems
Capability and competence
Z
John Stephenson
Research on e-learning: key words
• ownership• responsibility• flexible• personalised• self-managed• help when needed• recognition
John Stephenson
Challenges for Education
Pedagogical coherence
John Stephenson
Teacher
Supplier
ManagerDesigner
Technician
Learner
Key Actors inE-learning
Learning model
Communication via a common understanding
Researcher
John Stephenson
• Offer the time, place, pace and style that responds to your needs
UfI/learndirect’s pledges to learners
• Clear information to enable personal choices and control
• Materials relevant to your interests that actively involve you
• Help to monitor your own progress and record your achievements
• To give you easy access to the specialist support you need
• To put you in touch with other people studying the same topics
• To help you relate your learning to your longer term ambitions
John Stephenson
Instructivist
Constructivist
Industrial
PostIndustrial
TeacherCentred
LearnerCentred
Experiential
Learning styles
TacitLearningLearning
Cycles
Authentic
Situated
Problem-Based
Communitiesof practice
PedagogyJargon
“Let’s KISS!”
Keep it so simple
John Stephenson
Learner managed process
TeacherControlledProcess
Open ended,
strategic learner directed
Teacher Specified
tasks
NW NE
SW SE
Online Pedagogy Grid
Presents traditional training and teaching by innovative means
Giveslearners control overstyle, location, pace,duration, sequence
but not task
Process predetermined- learners explore
content and direction.
System liberates andsupports learners to
decide and control own direction
and process
Coomey,M Stephenson,J 2001, It’s all about Dialogue, Involvement, Support and Control, in Teaching and Learning Online, Stephenson, J, Kogan Page London
John Stephenson
Learner managed process
TeacherControlledProcess
Open ended,
strategic learner directed
NW
Teacher Specified
tasks
NE
SW SE
Online Pedagogy Grid
•Learner managed learning environment;
•Customised intuitive tools
•Wikis podcasts and blogs
•Google and other open sources
•online mentoring.
John Stephenson
Learner managed process
TeacherControlledProcess
Open ended, strategic learner
directed
Teacher Specified
tasks
NW NE
SW SE
Online Pedagogy Grid
(Coomey,M. & Stephenson,J. 2001)
Vast majority of cases in research literature were in NW, some in NE and SW, few in SE
The SE quadrant is where e-learning in
work/life can be most effective
John Stephenson
See at http://www.learndirect-ltw.co.uk/
The UfI/Learndirect
Learning Through Work Degree Programme
John Stephenson
See at http://www.learndirect-ltw.co.uk/
The UfI/Learndirect
Learning Through Work Degree Programme (LtW)
An opportunity for individuals and work-based groups to get university qualifications without leaving the workplace.
A partnership between work and university negotiated by individuals
Customised programmes built on existing skills and knowledge and focused on work-related learning.
John Stephenson
See at http://www.learndirect-ltw.co.uk/
Learning Through Work Degree Programme
Individualised, developed by learners themselves
Internet LtW platform providesmaterials to support the learning process;
The WEB providesspecialist materials, networks etc;
University providesonline tutor, quality assurance, final award
Work providesprojects and opportunities for learning;
John Stephenson
Exploration Online tasters, is it for me, what’s involved
Design Examples, level statements, procedures, ideas, expert advice, content areas, activities
Negotiation Registration of personalised programme with
a university
Implementation Pursue registered programme with university support
Demonstration Show achievements against agreed criteria
to gain award
Structure of Learning Through Work Programme
2,700 successful negotiations, 650 completions
John Stephenson
John’s
Control centre
Activities- ongoing- recent
Personal log- goals- achievements- credit bank- private - reflections
Resource library- RSS assembled in response to stated / inferred interests
Plans - strategic,- immediate, progresspriorities
Networking - peers, employer, wider specialistcommunity
Pooled experience - knowledge bank, specialist help
Awards and qualifications - help with levels, assessment
The future - user managed portals?
John Stephenson
Learner Managed University Awards
Imagine a course where the University does NOT provide the content
The student ENGAGES withresources,
issues, problems,
opportunities
from the Web,in society,
at the work-place, libraries and
life.
John Stephenson
Roles of participants in Learner Managed university awards
Teachers Help learners in the above
Support, feedback
Advise on sources, progress
Universities Clarify level criteria for qualifications
Quality assurance
Learners Articulate plans, Justify proposals
Negotiate approval
Demonstrate achievement
John Stephenson Tutoring online for Learner Managed Programmes
Based on analyses of student / tutor online exchanges,students raised issues related to:-:
Control seeking, asserting, taking, assuming
Relevance of activity to course, self, aspirations
Affirmation am I doing the right thing
Reassurance am I good enough to do this
University culture is this what is expected, level?
Clarification possibilities, plans, constraints
John Stephenson Tutoring online for Learner Managed Programmes
Based on analyses of student / tutor online exchanges,tutors are helpful when their responses are:-
Empowering yes, it really is up to you
Enabling this will help you
Reassuring yes, you can do it
Facilitating I’ll see what I can do for you
Extending have you thought of taking it further
Confirming you are on the right track
Explaining procedures, levels, requirements
John Stephenson
Content is cheap and widely available.
Feedback and guidance are essential.
Academic support is expensive.
So……
Use the most expensive resource on the most valuable service
Financial arguments usually prevail!
John Stephenson
E-Learning: Quality means effective learner control
Staffordshire UniversityMay 2007
John StephensonEmeritus Professor, Middlesex University, London, UK
Most of these slides are available on the internet at:
http://www.johnstephenson.net/staffs.ppt/