John Moore and Marsha Moore Co-Presenters

Deaf Services Center

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Quick Background – John B.A.- Gallaudet University & M.P.A. - Northeastern

University Worked as Executive Director of the South Carolina

Association of the Deaf for 5 years before becoming the Executive Director of Deaf Services Center. 13 years.

Quick Background - Marsha Columbus Native - Graduate of Upper Arlington High

School, B.A.- Muskingum College and M.P.A.-The Ohio State University

Worked in mostly State and non profit organizations including the Governor’s Office of Advocacy for People with Disabilities, Ohio Alliance of Community Centers for the Deaf and Deaf Services Center.

Advocacy, Education, Empowerment and Network are our strengths in opening up communication barriers for the deaf, hard of hearing and deaf-blind communities.

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Alexander Graham Bell invented the phone trying to make a device to help his wife hear by accident. Both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work His research on hearing and speech further

led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876.

INTERESTING FACT: Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study!

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Robert Weitbrecht, a deaf scientist, developed the teletypewriter (TTY) in the 1960s. With the invention of the acoustic coupler (which holds the telephone handset receiver) and the distribution of recycled teletype machines, deaf and hard of hearing people were able to call each other directly using these devices.

Calls between TTYs were terrific, but most people had telephones. To provide greater access, TTY relay services began, first as volunteer programs with limited hours and areas, connecting deaf and hard of hearing TTY users with people who used telephones.

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• Since then, due to access of phones, people spent years to tear down the communication barriers created by the telephone.

TTY’s over the years

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Pay Phone TTY’s popular in the 1980’s and 1990’s

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How often do we receive TTY calls?

Once or twice every six months!

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Telephone needs

Videophone

CapTel phones www.captel.com

Ohio Relay Service www.ohiorelay.com

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Technology for Phones Today….

Use of tablets and phones to make calls through Video Relay Services and through text relay.

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Ubi-Duo – another communication tool

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Speech to Text Services

C-Print

CART/Real- Time services

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Video Remote Interpreting

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Video remote interpreting (VRI) is a videotelecommunication service that uses devices such as web cameras or videophones to provide sign language or spoken language interpreting services. Very useful in situations such as: • Medical – Especially in ER

situtations • Court rooms in rural areas • Doctor’s appointments

Video Remote Interpreting

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Federal civil rights laws require covered entities to ensure effective communication with people who are deaf or hard of hearing. For people who communicate primarily in American Sign Language, qualified interpreter services may be necessary.

When in-person, on-site interpreting services are not immediately available, technology now provides for an interim solution in the form of off-site interpreting services, called Video Remote Interpreting (VRI). VRI uses videoconferencing technology, equipment, and a high speed Internet connection with sufficient bandwidth to provide the services of a qualified interpreter, usually located at a call center, to people at a different location. VRI is currently being used in a wide variety of settings including hospitals, physicians’ offices, mental health care settings, police stations, schools, financial institutions, and workplaces. Entities may contract for VRI services to be provided by appointment or to be available “on demand” 24 hours a day, seven days per week. As such, there are significant possibilities for the use of VRI technology and services. While there are many benefits to using VRI services, there are limits to the effectiveness of VRI in some settings including but not limited to medical, legal, and court situations. In such settings, the NAD strongly believes that VRI services should be provided only if on-site interpreter services are unavailable.

http://nad.org/issues/technology/vri

Hearing Aids/Cochlear Implants

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First Captioning Decoders

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Captioning on TV and DVD’s Early days --

The earliest days of captioning on television meant open

captioning, with the words printed directly on the screen. Open captioning began with the French Chef on PBS (1972). It was soon followed by other programs including:

Captioned ABC World News Tonight Zoom Once Upon a Classic

These early programs were captioned by the WGBH

Caption Center. However, open captioning was reportedly not well accepted by the hearing communityand this led to the development of closed captioning.

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Captioning on TV and DVD’s The early history of closed captioning was also

fraught with political overtones. CBS initially did not participate because CBS wanted to use teletext technology instead of line 21 captioning.

By the late '80s, the growth of cable television meant

a huge amount of programming was not accessible to the deaf and hard of hearing.

Finally the government recognized the need for legislation to speed things up and mandated that all television screens 13 inches or larger have built-in closed caption decoding circuitry. This legislation was the historic Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990. At last we would be freed from the decoders.

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Captioning on TV and DVD’s Because captioning was still a voluntary

activity, which often caused broadcasters to view it as something charitable which should be paid for by outside sources instead of simply treating it as another cost of business. In response, Congress in 1996 passed the

Telecommunications Act of 1996, which mandated closed captioning on television. This act has helped to spur rapid growth in the closed captioning industry.

While not everything on television is captioned, we have come a long way from the first 15 hours a week of captioned programming in 1980

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Internet video programming

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Full-length internet video programming

Full-length Internet video programming must be captioned if the programming is shown on TV in the U.S. with captions on or after the following dates:

September 30, 2012, for prerecorded programming that is not "edited for Internet distribution." "Edited for Internet distribution" means the TV version has been substantially edited. Examples of substantial edits are deleting scenes or altering musical scores. Changing the number or duration of commercials is not considered substantial editing.

March 30, 2013, for live and near-live programming. "Live programming" is defined as programming that is shown on

TV substantially simultaneously with its performance. "Near-live programming" is defined as programming that is

performed and recorded less than 24 hours before it was first shown on TV.

September 30, 2013, for prerecorded programming that is substantially edited for Internet distribution.

Internet Video Programming Internet video clips must be captioned if the associated

programming is shown on TV in the U.S. with captions on or after the following dates:

January 1, 2016, where the video clip contains a single excerpt of a captioned TV program with the same video and audio that was shown on TV ("straight lift" clips).

January 1, 2017, where a single file contains multiple straight lift video clips ("montages").

July 1, 2017, for video clips of live and near-live TV programming (such as news or sporting events).

For clips of live programming, up to a 12-hour delay is permitted in posting a captioned clip after the programming has been shown on TV.

For clips of near-live programming, up to an 8-hour delay is permitted in posting a captioned clip after the programming has been shown on TV.

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What does this mean for us? It means that technology has come a

long way, but not enough for us. Many items posted on internet as video clips

such as on YouTube is not captioned, and automated captioning is iffy at best.

We still struggle with enough qualified interpreters to meet our needs despite the technology

With each technology advance, we have to work to modify it to fit the needs of the deaf and hard of hearing.

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Contact Information

John Moore – JohnMoore@dsc.org Marsha Moore – Marsha@dsc.org

614-841-1991 Voice 614-515-6065 VP

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