SS.7.c.1.1: Recognize how Enlightenment ideas including Montesquieu’s view of separation of power and John Locke’s theories related to natural law and how Locke’s social contract influenced the Founding Fathers.

During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as Montesquieu and John Locke supported new ideas for the improvement of government. Their writings considerably influenced the opinions of the framers of the United States Constitution.

Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary.

Separation of Powers : separate government into parts or branches in order to limit the power available for one group or branch of government to abuse

John Locke argued that the Natural Law obliged all human beings not to harm “the life, the liberty, or property of one another” (Inalienable Natural Rights)

Social Contract: is an agreement between the people and their government. The people agree to follow the laws and consent to the government, and in turn the government secures the rights, protects and serves its people (citizens).

SS.7.c.1.2: Trace the impact that the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, Mayflower Compact, and Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” had on colonists’ views of government.Document How it laid the foundation for American Democracy/

Law

Magna Carta Nobles forced the king to sign the document—limiting the

power of the monarchy (limited government)

English Bill of Rights Limits the power of the monarchy (limited government) -

Idea that people have rights and they are recorded

Mayflower Compact 1st written colonial constitution-social contract of the Pil-

grims—direct democracy

Common Sense Written by Thomas Paine, that called for independence

from Great Britain.

SS.7.c.1.4: Analyze the ideas (natural rights, role of government) and complaints set forth in the Declaration of Independence.

Grievances in the Declaration of Independence

• King is a Tyrant• No trial by Jury• Taxation without representation• King got rid of colonies elected

legislatures• British armies patrolling colonial

cities even during times of peace

Ideas in the Declaration of Independence

obvious We hold these truths to be self-evident

Equality All men are created equal

Natural Rights Endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; life, liberty, pursuit of happiness

Purpose of Gov, part of Social Contract

To secure rights

approval of people, agree to follow laws, part of Social Contract

Consent of the governed

Revolt and Overthrow the government

Whenever any form of government is destructive of the security of natural rights

SS.7.1.5: Identify how weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led to the writing of the U.S. Constitution.

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

Weak national government

Congress could not tax or regulate trade/commerce among states

No common currency

One vote per state, regardless of population size

No Executive Branch and No Judicial Branch

SS.7.c.1.6: Interpret the intentions of the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution.

Preamble to the U.S. Constitution“We the people of the United states, in order to form (set up) a

more perfect union (group working together), establish justice,insure domestic tranquility (protect homeland security), provide (pay) for the common defense (everyone’s protection), promote the general welfare (good life), and secure (keep safe) the blessings (goodness) of liberty (freedom) to ourselves and our posterity (future children), doordain (say out loud) and establish (begin) this Constitution (pact) for the United States of America.”

SS.7.c.1.7: Describe how the Constitution limits the powers of government through separation of powers and checks and balances.

SS.7.c.1.8: Explain the viewpoints of the Federalists and the Anti-Federalistsregarding the ratification of the U.S. Constitution and inclusion of a Bill of Rights

SS.7.c.1.9: Define the rule of law and recognize its influences on the development of the American legal, political, and governmental systems.

SS.7.c.2.2: Evaluate the obligations citizens have to obey laws, pay taxes, defend the nation, and serve on juries.

Obligations of Citizenship (“Must- Do’s”)

• Obey the law

• Pay taxes

• Register with Selective Service (draft) and defend the nation if called upon

• Serve on juries if summoned

SS.7.c.2.3: Experience the responsibilities of citizens at the local, state, or federal levels.

Responsibilities of Citizenship (“Should – Do’s”)

• Be informed about local, state and national public affairs

• Vote in elections

• Run for political office

• Serve on local committees

• Attend public meetings

• Petition government by writing to government officials

• Volunteer for local public service projects

SS.7.c.2.4: Evaluate rights contained in the Bill of Rights and other amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

Bill ofRights

1st Amendment: Freedom of speech, press, religion, petition, andassem-

bly

2nd Amendment: Right to bear arms (owning of Guns)

3rd Amendment: Quartering ofSoldiers

4th Amendment: Privacy Act (search warrant) protection against ofille-

gal search and seizures

5th Amendment: self-incrimination, due process of law, grand jury,emi-

nent domain, and double jeopardy

6th Amendment: speedy and public trial, right to attorney

7th Amendment: Right to a jury in CIVIL CASES

8th Amendment: Protection against cruel and unusual punishment;

ex- cessive bail

9th Amendment: unmentioned rights

10th Amendment: Reserved Powers e.g. marriage, education,

divorce, professional certification

SS.7.c.2.4: Evaluate rights contained in the Bill of Rights and other amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

Amendments that address the President

• 20 inauguration date of the President

• 22 limit president to two terms

• 25 Presidential succession act

Amendments that address Voting Rights• 15 African-Americans

gain suffrage• 19 Women gain

suffrage• 26 Voting age

changed from 21 to 18 (why Vietnam War draft)

Amendments that address Rights of the Accused• 4 privacy amendment

(searches and seizures)• 5 eminent domain, grand

jury, self-incrimination, double jeopardy, due process)

• 6 right to a speedy trial, right to an attorney

• 8 protection from cruel and unusual punishment, excessive fines

Amendments that address Equality• 13 abolish slavery• 14 citizenship and due process of

law on state level for all• 15 African-American males

suffrage (vote)• 19 Women’s suffrage (vote)

SS.7.c.2.5: Distinguish how the Constitution safeguards and limits individual rights.

SS.7.c.2.7: Conduct a mock election to demonstrate the voting process and its impact on a school, community or local level.

SS.7.c.2.7: Conduct a mock election to demonstrate the voting process and its impact on a school, community or local level.

Primary ElectionVoters choose a candidate for the November presidentialraceE.g. Barack Obama and John McCain won in theprimaries

Closed primary: participation from only declared partyvotersOpen primary: open to independent voters or non-declared voters

General ElectionHeld on the first Tuesday after the first Mon- day

An election in which states or nations chooseofficeholders (president, governor, mayor, Senators, andRepresentatives) and vote.

Process for every election except President :Campaign; Primary

Process for every election except the PresidentCampaign; General Election

Process for the Presidential Election: Campaign; Primary Process for the Presidential Election: Nationalconvention; campaign; General Election; ElectoralCollege

SS.7.c.2.8: Identify America’s current political parties, and illustrate their ideas about government.

SS.7.c.2.9: Evaluate candidates for political office by analyzing their qualifications, experience, issue-based platform, debates, and political ads.

Campaign Issues

Tactics that Candidates Use:

Canvassing

Political endorsements

(Advertising)

Propaganda: “stacking cards”, image

molding, “just plain folks”, name calling,

negative campaigning, “glittering

generalities”

Platform/Plank: How and What?

Platform: the party’s position,

developed officially at the national

convention

Plank: positions on individual issues

that make up the plaform

Effect on Society:

Public opinion guides the course of campaigns

Role of Citizens:

Citizens help with polling and

canvassing for campaigns

SS.7.c.2.10: Examine the impact of media, individuals, and interest groups on monitoring and influencing government.

SS.7.c.2.10: Examine the impact of media, individuals, and interest groups on monitoring and influencing government.What are they? How do they work?

Influence public opinion both to increase their memberships

and to convince people of the importance of their causes.

Advantages/Disadvantages:

Advantages: public awareness,

organization of individuals with the same

particular concerns; can influence elections

& policy

Disadvantages: can sometimes use $ to

have too much influence, lots of media

influence, citizen’s voices can necessary be

heard singularly

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How do they influence election? Endorsing candidates,

Donating $, paying for their own advertisements

Ways for Citizens to participate in Government: How and

what?

Recall: when citizens can vote a sitting official out of office

before their term is up

Referendum: Election in which voters can approve or reject a

local or state law

Initiative: when citizens force a vote on a particular issue by

getting enough citizens to sign a petition

Citizen Activism: When citizens try to get involved

(protesting, letter writing, etc.)

Voting: Most direct form of citizen input (apathy—>

when people don’t vote)

Attendance at Meetings/Forums: Shows support, can

sign up to speak

SS.7.c.2.11: Analyze media and political communication (bias, symbolism, propaganda)

SS.7.c.3.1: Compare different forms of government (direct democracy, representative democracy, socialism/communism, monarchy, oligarchy, autocracy).

SS.7.c.3.1: Compare different forms of government (direct democracy, representative democracy, socialism/communism, monarchy, oligarchy, autocracy).

SS.7.c.3.1: Compare different forms of government (direct democracy, representative democracy, socialism/communism, monarchy, oligarchy, autocracy).

SS.7.c.3.1: Compare different forms of government (direct democracy, representative democracy, socialism/communism, monarchy, oligarchy, autocracy).

SS.7.c.3.2: Compare parliamentary, federal, confederal, and unitary system of government

SS.7.c.3.2: Compare parliamentary, federal, confederal, and unitary system of government

SS.7.c.3.3: Illustrate the structure and function (three branches of government established in articles I, II, III with corresponding powers) of government in the U.S. as established in the Constitution.

SS.7.c.3.4: Identify the relationship and division of powers between the federal government and state governments.

Federalism: system of government in which power is divided/shared between a central government and smaller state governments.

SS.7.c.3.5: Explain the Constitutional amendment process.

SS.7.c.3.6: Evaluate Constitutional rights and their impact on individuals and society.

Amendments that address the President

• 20 inauguration date of the President

• 22 limit president to two terms

• 25 Presidential succession act

Amendments that address Voting Rights• 15 African-Americans gain suffrage• 19 Women gain suffrage• 26 Voting age changed from 21 to 18 (why

Vietnam War draft)

Amendments that address Rights of the Accused• 4 privacy amendment (searches and seizures)• 5 eminent domain, grand jury, self-incrimination,

double jeopardy, due process)• 6 right to a speedy trial, right to an attorney• 8 protection from cruel and unusual punishment,

excessive fines

Amendments that address Equality• 13 abolish slavery• 14 citizenship and due process of law on state level for all• 15 African-American males suffrage (vote)• 19 Women’s suffrage (vote)

SS.7.c.3.8: Analyze the structure, functions, and processes of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

SS.7.c.3.9: Illustrate the law making process at the local, state, and federal levels.

SS.7.c.3.11: Diagram the levels, functions, and powers of courts at the state and federal levels.

National/Federal Level

Federal Bureau of Investigation

State Level

State Bureau of Investigation

Local Level

City Police: Police Chief

County Police: Sheriff

SS.7.c.3.11: Diagram the levels, functions, and powers of courts at the state and federal levels.

US District Courts– federal

trial courts for criminal &

civil

Criminal courts– hear cases

involving alleged viola-

tions of laws

Types

of

Special Courts– have one particular

focus (ex: Court of Int’l Trade, Federal

Claims Court, Tax Court)

Courts of Appeals–

hears first level ap-

peals; also known as

“circuit courts”—

midlevel appellate

courts; ONLY RE-

VIEW prior trial proc-

esses

Civil courts– hear

disputes between

citizens, busi-

nesses, organiza-

tions. etc

US Supreme Court– has

final say over ALL Consti-

tutional issues

Courts and

cases they

hear

District Courts

(lower Fl courts)-

hear misdemeanor

courts & small sum

civil cases

Fl Supreme Court– has

final say over issues of Fl

Constitution

SS.7.c.3.12Analyze the significance and outcomes of landmark Supreme Court cases.

Year Name of Case Constitutional Principal Why Decision is Important

1803 Marburyv. Madison

Separation of PowersThe Judiciary

Est. Judicial Review Demonstrates the power of the Judicial Branch

1819McCulloch v.

MarylandFederalism National Power The Judiciary Federal power overrides state power.

States can not tax federal banks.

1824Gibbons v.

OgdenFederalism Property Rights The Judiciary Federal government has the right to

regulate interstate commerce

1832Worcester v.

GeorgiaFederalism National Power Separation of

Powers EqualityNative Americans are entitled to federal

protection from the actions of stategovernment

1896Plessy v.Ferguson

Equality Right of Minority Groups OKAY to separate the races “separate but equal”

1919Schenck v.

United StatesCivil Liberties

Cannot obstruct US government business during wartime

1944Korematsu v.

United StatesCivil Liberties Rights of Minority groups

Reinforced power of executive orders

SS.7.c.3.12Analyze the significance and outcomes of landmark Supreme Court cases.

1954 Brown v. Board ofEducation

Equality Rights of Minority groups

Separate but equal is UNCONSTITUTIONALSegregation ends

1963 Gideon v. Wainwright Civil Liberties Rights of the Accused

6th amendment: right to an attorney

1966 Miranda v. Arizona Criminal Procedures; Rights of

5th amendment: Self- Incrimination

1969 Tinker v. Des MoinesSchool

Civil Liberties 1st amendment freedom of expression

1974 United Statesv. Nixon

Separation of Powers President’s Executive Privilege cannot be used to conceal a crime

1988 Hazelwood SchoolDistrict

v. Kuhlmeier

Rights of Students, Freedom of Press

School publications can be censored

Year Name of Case Constitutional Principal Why Decision is Important

1967 In Re GaultDue Process, Rights of

AccusedMinors are guaranteed some of the same “due

Process” rights as adults

SS.7.c.3.13: Compare the constitutions of the United States and Florida.

SS.7.c.3.13: Compare the constitutions of the United States and Florida.

SS.7.c.3.14: Differentiate between local, state, and federal governments’ obligations and services.

Services Provided by Local

Government:

Utilities Police Ambulance

Parks/Recreation Education Public

Health

Soil/Water Conservation Correction Facilities

LibrariesWaste Disposal

These are funded by what

fees and taxes:

*Intergovernmental

aid Property Taxes

User fees

Impact fees

Fines

Municipal

fines

Disposal Fees

SS.7.c.4.1: Differentiate concepts related to U.S. domestic policy and foreign policy.

Domestic policy is an area of [public policy] which concerns laws, government programs, and administrative decisions which are directly related to all issues and activity within a nation's borders. It differs from [foreign policy], which refers to the ways a government advances its interests in world politics.

Civil RightsDefenseEconomyEducationEnergy & EnvironmentHealth CareHomeland SecurityImmigrationPovertySeniors & Social SecurityTaxesScience and TechnologyVeteransTransportation

SS.7.c.4.1: Differentiate concepts related to U.S. domestic policy and foreign policy.

A country’s strategy for dealing with other countries is called its foreign policy. A policy is a plan that includes an overall goal and the kinds of actions that are okay to take in order to achieve the goal. A policy is like a guideline. It determines what kinds of decisions will be made and what actions will be taken.

A country’s national interest is all the things a country believes would be for its benefit. National interest ties directly to a country’s foreign policy. In the “National Interest”

With a policy of internationalism, a country chooses to get involved in other countries’ problems when there is a great need.

With a policy of isolationism, a country focuses on its own problems and does not get involved in other countries’ issues.

In the “National Interest”Here’s a list of some issues thatcountries might consider part of their national interest:• Environment• Weapons of mass destruction• Water rights• Territorial boundaries• Historical sites• Hunger• Spread of disease• Trade• Energy or food production

Executive Branch • President decides what the country’s

foreign policy is going to be on issues of national interest

• President negotiates treaties with other countries; signs treaties after approved by the Senate

• President may order the military to act under some circumstances

• The State Department, part of the executive branch, carries out foreign policies around the world

Legislative Branch• Only Congress can officially

declare war• Senate must approve

treaties• Congress passes bills related

to the President’s foreign policy goals

• Congress influences foreign policy by supporting or opposing the President’s goals; if opposed, the President might make policy compromises

Judicial Branch• Reviews treaties to see if

they are constitutional

SS.7.c.4.2: Recognize government and citizen participation in international organizations.The United Nations (UN)

Year Founded: 1943

Current Number of Countries Involved: 193

Reason the UN exists: Keeping the peace, developing friendly relationships among countries, and improving the quality of life for the world’s poor people

Main roles of the UN:

1) Peacekeeping—bring

stability and peace to

troubled areas of the

world

2) Improve the quality

of life for the world’s

poor

Red Cross /Red Crescent

Year Founded: 1863Current Number of Countries Involved: 186

Reason the Red Cross/Red Crescent exists:

Help people around the world

Main roles of the Red Cross/Red Crescent:

1) Respond to disasters

2) Run programs in local communities

3) Visiting prisoners of war

North AtlanticTreaty Organization(NATO)Year Founded: 1949Current Number ofCountries Involved: 28Reason NATO exists:Group of countries thatwill protect each other in case of attack

Main roles of NATO:1) Help keep peace and security around theworld2) Help countries after natural disaster

European Union (EU)Year Founded: 1951Current Number ofCountries Involved: 27Reason the EU exists:Help European countriesavoid conflict by makingthem dependent on eachother

Main roles of the EU:1) Create a single economy in which allmembers participate2) Act as a single voicein the world for itsmember countries3) Give aid to countriesaround the world

World HeathOrganization (WHO)Year Founded: 1948Current Number ofCountries Involved:193Reason the WHO exists: Works to improve health around the entire world

Main roles of the WHO:1) Gather health data2) Keep people healthy3) Respond to crises

SS.7.c.4.3: Describe examples of how the U.S. has dealt with international conflicts.VIETNAM WAR

Conflicts:

North vs. South Vietnam

China vs. United States

Cooperation:

China and North Vietnam

U.S. and South Vietnam

-Vietnam won independence from France

-Civil war fought over who would control the new country– the communists or capitalists?

-United States wanted to stop the spread of Communism

-China supported the spread of Communism

-U.S. provided military support for South Vietnam

-China provided military support for North Vietnam

WAR IN AFGHANISTAN

Conflicts:

Al-Qaeda and Taliban vs. the United States

Cooperation:

The United States and the United Kingdom (and other countries)

-Al-Qaeda terrorists attacked the United States

-The U.S. wanted to remove the Taliban from power in Afghanistan

-The U.S. invades Afghanistan

TŌHOKU EARTHQUAKE

Conflicts:

Cooperation: International support to help Japan

-Large earthquake and tsunami hits Japan

-Tens of thousands missing or dead

-Lots of damage

-Help the Japanese recover from the natural disasters

-over $1 billion donated to Red Cross

-aid from over 128 countries and 33 international organizations provided

-volunteers help with clean up

KYOTO PROTOCOL

Conflicts:

Cooperation:

Over 191 nations

-Scientists state that global warming is due to an increase in greenhouse gases that come from air pollution

-nations want to decrease levels of pollution to improve air quality and stop global warming

-191 nations sign a treaty that calls for a decrease in the production of these greenhouse gases

Regulatory Agency Initials What it regulates (What it does)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Responsible for the space programEnvironmental Protection Agency EPA The environment

Home Land Security Domestic Terrorism

Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA Responds to a disaster which has occurred in the US

National Security Agency NSA Collects and analyze foreign communications and foreign signals intelligence

Center for Disease Control CDC Protect public health and safety, develops and applies disease prevention and control

Department of Transportation DOT Handles transportation w/in the USA

Drug Enforcement Agency DEA Combats drug smuggling and use within the US

National Transportation Safety Board NTSB Investigates accidents involving aviation, highway, marine, pipelines and railroads.

Food and Drug Administration FDA Enforces safety regulation of most types of foods

Internal Revenue Service IRS Collects taxes and enforces the internal revenue laws

Consumer Product Safety Committee CSPC Ensure the safety of consumer products

Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHAEnforcement of safety and health legislation

Federal Aviation Administration FAA Responsible for the advancement, safety and regulations of airplanes and air traffic

Immigration and Naturalization Service INS Handles legal and illegal immigrations and naturalization