John John LockeLocke

By Anjelica Short, Lea By Anjelica Short, Lea Fuscaldo, & Alexandra BodenFuscaldo, & Alexandra Boden

BiographyBiography

Born August 29, 1632 in Somerset, EngandBorn August 29, 1632 in Somerset, Engand

Raised in PensfordRaised in Pensford

Family = Anglican-PuritanFamily = Anglican-Puritan

Educated in West Mininister School + later @ Educated in West Mininister School + later @ Christ Church, OxfordChrist Church, Oxford Oxford = curriculum unaltered by Puritan reformsOxford = curriculum unaltered by Puritan reforms

1666 - met Lord Ashley1666 - met Lord Ashley Locke helped him write constitution of CarolinaLocke helped him write constitution of Carolina

Died @ age 72Died @ age 72

Lord AshleyLord Ashley

Aggressive politicianAggressive politician Many enemiesMany enemies

Views:Views: Constitutional monarchyConstitutional monarchy Protestant successionProtestant succession Civil libertyCivil liberty Religious toleranceReligious tolerance Parliament ruleParliament rule Economic expansionEconomic expansion

Education

West Minister School Studied:

Latin Greek Arabic Hebrew

Received a scholarship to Christ Church, Oxford

Education cont’d

Oxford Studied

Rhetoric Grammar Moral philosophy Geometry Greek

Studied mostly outside of school Interested in science and medicine

Publications and Writing

• 1690- “Two Treatsies of Government”– » about social contract theory of gov’t

• 1690- “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding” » on origins of human knowledge

• 1693- “Some Thoughts Concerning Education”» Rewards and punishment = motivation

{Philosophy}{Philosophy} Golden RuleGolden Rule LiberalismLiberalism

Natural rightsNatural rights Government by consent of governedGovernment by consent of governed Social contractsSocial contracts Limited stateLimited state Private propertyPrivate property

People = property of of God People = property of of God » all = equal» all = equal No suicideNo suicide No murderNo murder No maimingNo maiming Etc.Etc.

{Philosophy}{Philosophy} Slaves = can only be an opposing Slaves = can only be an opposing

aggressor in waraggressor in war Slavery = compact for obedience and Slavery = compact for obedience and

limited power in return for extended lifelimited power in return for extended life State of war = only possible when State of war = only possible when

someone proposes to violate someone proposes to violate someone else’s rights someone else’s rights » one innocent » one innocent party and one unjust aggressorparty and one unjust aggressor Only way to be victorious = kill or Only way to be victorious = kill or

enslave aggressorenslave aggressor

{Political Theories}{Political Theories}esp. regarding gov’tesp. regarding gov’t

Governed have a say in governmentGoverned have a say in government If the government is unjust If the government is unjust » people » people

have right to rebel/overthrowhave right to rebel/overthrow SecularSecular

The sole purpose of government is to keep justice and protect the rights of the governed; they only have power by consent of the governed

LOCKE’S INFLUENCE Declaration of Independence

“…all men are created equal” “…unalienable Rights, that among these are Life,

Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness…” “…[governments derive] their powers from the

consent of the governed…” “…Right of the People to abolish it, and to

institute a new Government…” “…it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off [a

corrupt government]…” Secular government Capitalist democracy Constitution

Works Cited Cranston, Maurice W. "John Locke." ABC-CLIO. 2009. Web. 8 Oct. 2009.

<http://www.worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display.aspx?

categoryid=22&entryid=314923&searchtext=john+locke&type=simple&option=all>.

Kemberling, Garth. "John Locke." Philosophy Pages. Britannica, 27 Oct. 2001. Web. 8 Oct. 2009.

<http://www.philosophypages.com>.

King, Peter J. "Life and Work." Philosophers. Peter J King, Aug. 1995. Web. 8 Oct. 2009.

<http://users.ox.ac.uk/~worc0337/authors/john.locke.html>.

"Locke, John." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica 2009 Student and Home Edition. Chicago:

Encyclopædia Britannica, 2009.

Sheldon, Garret W. "John Locke." Facts on file. American History Online, 2001. Web. 8 Oct. 2009.

<www.fofweb.com>.

Uzgalis, Willam. "John Locke." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2007. Web. 8 Oct. 2009.

<http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke/#EndLocLif168>.