JOHN FITZGERALD-2

8/7/2019 JOHN FITZGERALD-2

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(May 29, 1917 November 22,

1963)


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INTRODUCTIONJohn Fitzgerald "Jack"Kennedy(May

29, 1917 November 22, 1963), oftenreferred to by his initialsJFK, was the35th President of the United States,serving from 1961 until hisassassination in 1963.


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He was born at 83 Beals Street in Brookline,Massachusetts on Tuesday, May 29, 1917, at3:00 p.m.,[7] the second son ofJoseph P.Kennedy, Sr., and Rose Fitzgerald; Rose, inturn, was the eldest child ofJohn "Honey

Fitz" Fitzgerald, a prominent Bostonpolitical figure who was the city's mayor anda three-term member ofCongress. LaterKennedy joined the U.S navy, where he wonmany medals for his excellent leadershipand command. In the year 1952 Kennedy waselected in senate.


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Later he married Jacqueline Bouvier in

1953. On January 2 1960,Kennedy waselected a the president of U.S.AKennedy was the 35thAmericanpresident and the youngest president of

America.

He was a brilliant and dynamic leader.

President Kennedy was assassinated inDallas, Texas, at 12:30 p.m. CentralStandard Time on November 22, 1963.


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EARLY LIFEAND EDUCATAION

yJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy was born at 83 Beals Streetin Brookline, Massachusetts on Tuesday, May 29, 1917,at 3:00 p.m. The second son ofJoseph P. Kennedy, Sr.

,

and Rose Fitzgerald; Rose, in turn, was the eldestchild ofJohn "Honey Fitz" Fitzgerald, a prominentBoston political figure who was the city's mayor and athree-term member ofCongress. Kennedy lived in

Brookline for ten years and attended EdwardDevotion School

, Noble and Greenough LowerSchool, and the Dexter School, through 4th grade.


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In 1927, the family moved to 5040 IndependenceAvenue in Riverdale, Bronx, New York City;

two years later, they moved to 294 PondfieldRoad in Bronxville, New York. . For the 5ththrough 7th grade, Kennedy attended

Riverdale Country School, a private school forboys. For 8th grade in September 1930, the 13-year old Kennedy attended Canterbury Schoolin New Milford, Connecticut. n September

1931, Kennedy was sent to The Choate SchoolinWallingford, Connecticut, for his 9ththrough 12th grade years


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Their most notorious stunt was to explode a toilet seat with apowerful firecracker. In June 1934 he was admitted to the

Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota and diagnosed withcolitis. Kennedy graduated from Choate in June 1935

In September 1935, he made his first trip abroad,with his parents and sister Kathleen, to London, with the

intent of studying at the London School of Economics(LSE)

In September 1936, Kennedy enrolled at HarvardCollege, where he produced that year's annual "Freshman

SmokerJuly 1937, Kennedy sailed to France, with his convertible on

board, and spent ten weeks driving through Europe with afriend.


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. In June 1938, Kennedy sailed oversees with his fatherand brother Joe to work with his father, Roosevelt's

U.S. Ambassador to the Court of St. James's, at theAmerican embassy in London; in August the familywent to a villa near Cannes. In 1939, Kennedy touredEurope, the Soviet Union, the Balkans, and the

Middle East in preparation for his Harvard seniorhonors thesis. He then went to Czechoslovakia andGermany before returning to London on September1, 1939, the dayGermany invaded Poland. In 1940,

Kennedy completed his thesis, "Appeasement inMunich," about British participation in the MunichAgreement.


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MILATERY SERVICEIn September 1941, after medical disqualification by the

Army for his chronic lower back problems, Kennedy joinedthe U.S. Navy.

PT-109


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On August 2, 1943, Kennedy's boat, PT-109, along withPT-162 and PT-169, were ordered to continue nighttime

patrol near New Georgia in the Solomon Islandswhenit was rammed by theJapanese destroyerAmagiri.

. Kennedy gathered his surviving

crew members together in

the water around the

wreckage to vote whether

to fight or surrender.


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In October 1943, Kennedy took command of aPT boat converted into a gun boat, Motor

Torpedo Boat PT-59, which in November tookpart in a Marine rescue on Choiseul Island.[21]

Kennedy was honorably discharged in early

1945, just prior to Japan's surrender. Kennedy'sother decorations in World War II included thePurple Heart,American Defense ServiceMedal,American Campaign Medal,Asiatic-

Pacific Campaign Medalwith three bronzeservice stars,

and theWorld War II Victory Medal.


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PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONOn January 2, 1960, Kennedy initiated his campaign for

President in the Democratic primary election, wherehe faced challenges from SenatorHubertHumphrey

ofMinnesota and SenatorWayne Morse ofOregon. Atthe Democratic Convention, he gave his well-known"New Frontier" speech, saying: "For the problems arenot all solved and the battles are not all wonand we

stand today on the edge of a New Frontier ... But theNew Frontier of which I speak is not a set ofpromisesit is a set of challenges. It sums up notwhat I intend to offer the American people, but what I

intend to ask of them.


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The lecti f 1

The electi f 1was the cl sest si ce1884; Ke edy

defeated RichardNix by fewer tha11 , v tes.


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The debates are now considered a milestone inAmerican political historythe point at which the

medium of television began to play a dominant role inpolitics. After the first debate Kennedy's campaigngained momentum and he pulled slightly ahead ofNixon in most polls.

Tuesday, November 8, Kennedy defeatedNixon in one of the closest presidential elections of thetwentieth century. In the national popular voteKennedy led Nixon by just two-tenths of one percent(49.7% to 49.5%), while in the Electoral College he

won 303 votes to Nixon's 219 (269 were needed to win).

He was the youngest man elected president, succeedingEisenhower who was the oldest.


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In September and October, Kennedy appeared withRepublican candidate Richard Nixon, then Vice

President, in the first televised U.S. presidential debatesin U.S. history. Radio listeners, however, either thoughtNixon had won or that the debates were a draw.


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PRESIDENCY

John F. Kennedy was sworn in as the 35th President atnoon on January 20, 1961. In his inaugural address hespoke of the need for all Americans to be active

citizens, famously saying, "Ask not what your countrycan do for you; ask what you can do for your country.

Kennedy brought to the White House a starkcontrast in organization compared to the decision

making structure of the former general, Eisenhower;and he wasted no time in dismantling it.


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Cuban Missile Crisis

In October, 1962,photographs takenby American planesrevealed Soviet

missile bases inCuba-and somecontained missilesready to launch.

They could reachU.S. cities inminutes.


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Crisis Over CubaThe first test of Kennedys

foreign policy came in Cuba,just 90 miles off the coast ofFlorida. Revolutionary leader,Fidel Castro, openly declared

himself a communist andwelcomed aid from theSoviet Union.


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On October 22,Kennedy ordereda naval blockadeof Cuba to prevent

further deliveriesof Soviet weapons.He also demandedthat the Soviets

remove the missiles.Khrushchev promised tochallenge the blockade,calling it outright banditry.


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The Bay of PigsOn the nights of April 17,1961,some 1500 Cuban exilessupported by the U.S. militarylanded on the islandssouthern coast at Baja de

Cochinos, the Bay of Pigs. TheCIA and the exiles hoped itwould trigger a mass uprisingthat would overthrow Castro.It didnt! Cuban forces, backed

by Soviet tanks and jet aircraft,easily repelled the exile invasion.Some of the exiles were killed,others imprisoned.


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For a few days, nuclear war and massive destruction was adistinct possibility for every American. In schools, childrenpracticed air raid drills, a common occurrence during the Cold

War. People who had built bomb shelters began stockingthem with food and other provisions. Even the president calledhis family to the White House where they could be protected inthe presidential nuclear shelter.


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Kennedy and Berlin

One of the high pointsof Kennedys foreigntravels was a trip hemade to Berlin in 1963to dramatize Americas

commitment to WestBerlin and West Germany.In a speech at the BerlinWall, Kennedy electrifiedan audience of about 150,000Germans by stating , Ich binein Berliner(I am a Berliner),thus declaring the solidarity ofall free people with the people

of West Berlin.


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To aid education.

To bolster the nationaldefense.


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To increaseinternational aid.

To expand the spaceprogram.


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And to promote civilrights.

To provide volunteer

assistance to developingnations in Asia, Africa,and Latin America.


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Tragedy in DallasIn the fall of 1963,public opinion pollsshowed that Kennedy

was losing popularitybecause of his

advocacy of civil rights.On November 22,1963, President andMrs. Kennedy went

to Texas to mendpolitical fences withmembers of thestates Democratic

Party.


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ASSASSINATION

President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas,at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time on November

22, 1963, while on a political trip to Texas. Only 46,President Kennedy died younger than any U.S.president to date.


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In 1963, the Warren

Commission investigatedand concluded thatLeeHarvey Oswaldhad shot the president

while acting on his own.


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Did You Know?

He was a decorated navalofficer in World War II.

He received the Pulitzer

Prize for his book, "Profiles

in Courage."

He served exactly 1,000days in office.

He was the first president

born in the 20th century

and the youngest presidentever elected.

He is the only Roman

Catholic president

He could read 1600

words a minute.

JOHN FITZGERALD-2

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